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Finger V, Kufa M, Soukup O, Castagnolo D, Roh J, Korabecny J. Pyrimidine derivatives with antitubercular activity. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 246:114946. [PMID: 36459759 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2022.114946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Small molecules with antitubercular activity containing the pyrimidine motif in their structure have gained more attention after three drugs, namely GSK 2556286 (GSK-286), TBA-7371 and SPR720, have entered clinical trials. This review provides an overview of recent advances in the hit-to-lead drug discovery studies of antitubercular pyrimidine-containing compounds with the aim to highlight their structural diversity. In the first part, the review discusses the pyrimidine compounds according to their targets, pinpointing the structure-activity relationships of each pyrimidine family. The second part of this review is concentrated on antitubercular pyrimidine derivatives with a yet unexplored or speculative target, dividing the compounds according to their structural types.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Finger
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kufa
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic; Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Ondrej Soukup
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Daniele Castagnolo
- Department of Chemistry, University College London, 20 Gordon Street, WC1H 0AJ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jaroslav Roh
- Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, Charles University, Akademika Heyrovskeho 1203, 50005 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic.
| | - Jan Korabecny
- Biomedical Research Center, University Hospital Hradec Kralove, Sokolska 581, 500 05, Hradec, Kralove, Czech Republic.
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Dimitrov BH, Bakalska RI, Delchev VB. Phototautomerism of Isocytosine in a Water Medium: Theoretical and Experimental Study. J STRUCT CHEM+ 2019. [DOI: 10.1134/s0022476619060040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kancheva P, Tuna D, Delchev VB. Comparative study of radiationless deactivation mechanisms in cytosine and 2,4-diaminopyrimidine. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2016.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Comparative study of the relaxation mechanisms of the excited states of cytosine and isocytosine. J Mol Model 2012; 18:5133-46. [DOI: 10.1007/s00894-012-1506-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2011] [Accepted: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Saladino R, Ciambecchini U, Maga G, Mastromarino P, Conti C, Botta M. A new and efficient synthesis of substituted 6-[(2'-dialkylamino)ethyl] pyrimidine and 4-N,N-dialkyl-6-vinyl-cytosine derivatives and evaluation of their anti-rubella activity. Bioorg Med Chem 2002; 10:2143-53. [PMID: 11983510 DOI: 10.1016/s0968-0896(02)00077-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
New 6-[(2'-dialkylamino)ethyl]-4(3H)-pyrimidinones were prepared by a multistep procedure starting from acetone dicarboxylic acid diethyl ester and urea derivatives. These compounds were used as starting materials to obtain 4-N,N-dialkyl-6-vinyl-pyrimidine derivatives by an unprecedented tandem C-6 side chain Hofmann-like elimination/C-4 pyrimidinone substitution. Among the new derivatives obtained, various compounds show anti-Rubella activity. The inhibition of HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptases (RT), from both wild type and modified viruses, is also reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Saladino
- Unità INFM, Dipartimento Agrochimico Agrobiologico, Università della Tuscia, via San Camillo de Lellis, 01100 Viterbo, Italy.
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Söllhuber-Kretzer M, Troschütz R. Synthese von 4-Phenyl-pyrido[2,3-d]pyrimidinen. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 1983. [DOI: 10.1002/ardp.19833160411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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7
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A non-empirical molecular orbital study on the relative stabilities of adenine and guanine tautomers. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1979. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00634788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Taulomerism and Electronic Structure of Biological Pyrimidines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY VOLUME 18 1975. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60131-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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Wagner R, von Philipsborn W. [Protonation of amino and hydroxypyrimidines. NMR-spectra and structures of mono and dications]. Helv Chim Acta 1970; 53:299-320. [PMID: 5435977 DOI: 10.1002/hlca.19700530210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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11
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The electronic absorption spectra and the electronic structures of cytosine, isocytosine, and their anions and cations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1968. [DOI: 10.1007/bf00568786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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12
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Berthod H, Pullman A. The role of the ?-framework in the properties of the biological purines and pyrimidines: dipole moments and tautomeric equilibria. Biopolymers 1964. [DOI: 10.1002/bip.1964.360020506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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13
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MILES HT, BRADLEY RB, BECKER ED. Tautomerism and Site of Protonation of 1-Methylcytosine: Proof by Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spin-Spin Coupling. Science 1963; 142:1569-71. [PMID: 14075685 DOI: 10.1126/science.142.3599.1569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
New nuclear magnetic resonance data lead to a completely unambiguous proof that the predominant tautomeric form of 1-methylcytosine is the amino form and that in acid solution the molecule protonates at 3-N. The close similarity of the nuclear magnetic resonance spectra of this compound to the spectra of the cytosine nucleosides indicates that these structures also exist in the nucleosides. These conclusions are reached on the basis of the spectra of analogs labeled with N15 and of the proton spin decoupling measurements made at low temperature.
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