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Gimeno L, Blart E, Rebilly JN, Coupeau M, Allain M, Roisnel T, Quarré de Verneuil A, Gourlaouen C, Daniel C, Pellegrin Y. Non-Symmetrical Sterically Challenged Phenanthroline Ligands and Their Homoleptic Copper(I) Complexes with Improved Excited-State Properties. Chemistry 2020; 26:11887-11899. [PMID: 32492221 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202001209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
A strategy is presented to improve the excited state reactivity of homoleptic copper-bis(diimine) complexes CuL2 + by increasing the steric bulk around CuI whereas preserving their stability. Substituting the phenanthroline at the 2-position by a phenyl group allows the implementation of stabilizing intramolecular π stacking within the copper complex, whereas tethering a branched alkyl chain at the 9-position provides enough steric bulk to rise the excited state energy E00 . Two novel complexes are studied and compared to symmetrical models. The impact of breaking the symmetry of phenanthroline ligands on the photophysical properties of the complexes is analyzed and rationalized thanks to a combined theoretical and experimental study. The importance of fine-tuning the steric bulk of the N-N chelate in order to stabilize the coordination sphere is demonstrated. Importantly, the excited state reactivity of the newly developed complexes is improved as demonstrated in the frame of a reductive quenching step, evidencing the relevance of our strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Gimeno
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Errol Blart
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marina Coupeau
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Magali Allain
- Laboratoire MOLTECH-Anjou, UMR CNRS 6200, Université Angers, SFR MATRIX, 2 Bd Lavoisier, 49045, Angers Cedex, France
| | - Thierry Roisnel
- Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, UMR6226, Université de Rennes CNRS, 35000, Rennes, France
| | | | - Christophe Gourlaouen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Chantal Daniel
- Laboratoire de Chimie Quantique, Institut de Chimie, UMR 7177 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 4, Rue Blaise Pascal CS 90032, 67081, Strasbourg Cedex, France
| | - Yann Pellegrin
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, CEISAM UMR6230, 44000, Nantes, France
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2
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Atakol A, Svoboda I, Dal H, Atakol O, Nazır H. New energetic Silver(I) complexes with Nnn type Pyrazolylpyridine ligands and oxidizing anions. J Mol Struct 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2020.128001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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3
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Amini M, Najafi S, Janczak J. Copper (I) complex of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline: Synthesis, structure, and catalytic properties. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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4
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Synthesis and characterization of phosphorescent three-coordinate copper(I) complexes bearing bis(amino)cyclopropenylidene carbene (BAC). Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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5
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Patra SG, De S, Tocher DA, Datta D. Photophysics of a mono-nuclear tetrahedral silver(I)N4 core and its copper(I) analog. Inorganica Chim Acta 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2017.11.063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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6
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Zhang Y, Schulz M, Wächtler M, Karnahl M, Dietzek B. Heteroleptic diimine–diphosphine Cu(I) complexes as an alternative towards noble-metal based photosensitizers: Design strategies, photophysical properties and perspective applications. Coord Chem Rev 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2017.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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7
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Wang J, Liu S, Xu S, Zhao F, Xia H, Wang Y. Four-coordinated copper(I) complexes containing variably substituted N-heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs): Synthesis, photophysical properties and theoretical investigation. J Organomet Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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8
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Saha ML, Mittal N, Bats JW, Schmittel M. A six-component metallosupramolecular pentagon via self-sorting. Chem Commun (Camb) 2014; 50:12189-92. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cc05465b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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9
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Öz S, Yılmaz N, Arıcı C, Svoboda I, Akay MA, Atakol O. Synthesis, crystal structure, and thermal decomposition of two Co(II) complexes with NNN pyrazolyl type ligand and pseudo-halogen. RUSS J COORD CHEM+ 2013. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070328413110055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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10
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Whitehorne TJJ, Schaper F. Square-Planar Cu(II) Diketiminate Complexes in Lactide Polymerization. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:13612-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ic402133c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Todd J. J. Whitehorne
- Département
de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. E.-Montpetit, Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - Frank Schaper
- Département
de chimie, Université de Montréal, 2900 Boul. E.-Montpetit, Montréal, Quebec, H3T 1J4, Canada
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11
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Fraser MG, van der Salm H, Cameron SA, Blackman AG, Gordon KC. Heteroleptic Cu(I) bis-diimine complexes of 6,6'-dimesityl-2,2'-bipyridine: a structural, theoretical and spectroscopic study. Inorg Chem 2013; 52:2980-92. [PMID: 23458499 DOI: 10.1021/ic302393p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A series of heteroleptic Cu(I) complexes containing 6,6'-dimesityl-2,2'-bipyridine and phenanthroline-, bipyridine-, and biquinoline-based ligands is studied. The HETPHEN strategy is utilized to synthesize the heteroleptic complexes, which are stable in solution. The X-ray crystal structures of the complexes are presented; the solid-state four-coordinate Cu(I) geometries are quantified by using the τ4 parameter. A feature of the crystal structures is the intramolecular π-stacking between the mesityl ring(s) and the diimine ligand; the phen-based complexes exhibit stacking between the phen ligand and one of the mesityl rings, creating a "Pac-Man" motif. On the other hand, the bpy-based complexes show different types of packing interaction, with both mesityl rings "clamping down" on the bpy based ligand to give π-stacking. Cyclic voltammetry is used to examine the redox chemistry of the complexes. The most positive potentials for the oxidation process are observed for the complexes with bulky substituents ortho to the coordination nitrogens atoms, i.e., 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and 6,6'-dibromo-2,2'-bipyridine. The Cu(I) MLCT transitions of the complexes are investigated by resonance Raman spectroscopy in concert with TD-DFT calculations. The resonance Raman spectra of complexes containing substituted biquinolines are straightforward, in that vibrational bands of the biquinoline-based ligand are selectively enhanced over bpy(Mes)2 bands. This is consistent with the purple color of the complexes, due to the lower energy of the biquinoline-based LUMO compared to the bpy(Mes)2 LUMO. All the phen- and bpy-based complexes show enhancement of bpy(Mes)2 bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael G Fraser
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
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Electrocrystallisation and single crystal structure determination of Bis(2,2′-bipyridyl)silver(II) perchlorate [Ag(bipy)2](ClO4)2. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2012.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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13
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Ramadan AEMM, Ibrahim MM, El-Mehasseb IM. New mononuclear copper(I) and copper(II) complexes containing N4 donors; crystal structure and catechol oxidase biomimetic catalytic activity. J COORD CHEM 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/00958972.2012.690513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abd El-Motaleb M. Ramadan
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Kafr El-Sheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh 33516 , Egypt
| | - Mohamed M. Ibrahim
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Kafr El-Sheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh 33516 , Egypt
- b Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taif University , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ibrahim M. El-Mehasseb
- a Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Kafr El-Sheikh University , Kafr El-Sheikh 33516 , Egypt
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14
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Makal A, Benedict J, Trzop E, Sokolow J, Fournier B, Chen Y, Kalinowski JA, Graber T, Henning R, Coppens P. Restricted photochemistry in the molecular solid state: structural changes on photoexcitation of Cu(I) phenanthroline metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) complexes by time-resolved diffraction. J Phys Chem A 2012; 116:3359-65. [PMID: 22385365 PMCID: PMC3545449 DOI: 10.1021/jp300313s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The excited-state structure of [Cu(I)[(1,10-phenanthroline-N,N') bis(triphenylphosphine)] cations in their crystalline [BF(4)] salt has been determined at both 180 and 90 K by single-pulse time-resolved synchrotron experiments with the modified polychromatic Laue method. The two independent molecules in the crystal show distortions on MLCT excitation that differ in magnitude and direction, a difference attributed to a pronounced difference in the molecular environment of the two complexes. As the excited states differ, the decay of the emission is biexponential with two strongly different lifetimes, the longer lifetime, assigned to the more restricted molecule, becoming more prevalent as the temperature increases. Standard deviations in the current Laue study are very much lower than those achieved in a previous monochromatic study of a Cu(I) 2,9-dimethylphenanthroline substituted complex ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2009 , 131 , 6566 ), but the magnitudes of the shifts on excitation are similar, indicating that lattice restrictions dominate over the steric effect of the methyl substitution. Above all, the study illustrates emphatically that molecules in solids have physical properties different from those of isolated molecules and that their properties depend on the specific molecular environment. This conclusion is relevant for the understanding of the properties of molecular solid-state devices, which are increasingly used in current technology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Makal
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, 14260-3000, United States
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15
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Healy PC, Loughrey BT, Williams ML. Synthesis and Structural Studies of Tetrahedral [M(Ph2P(CH=CH)PPh2)2]BPh4 and [M(Ph2P(CH2)nPPh2)2]BPh4 (n = 2, 3) Complexes for M = Copper(I), Silver(I), and Gold(I). Aust J Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1071/ch12036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetraphenylborate salts of the 1 : 2 tetrahedral bis(bidentate) complexes of copper(i), silver(i), and gold(i) with cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene (dppey), [M(Ph2PCH=CHPPh2)2]BPh4, cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane (dppe), and cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)propane (dppp), [M(Ph2P–R–PPh2)2]BPh4 (R = (CH2)2, (CH2)3), have been prepared and characterized by NMR spectroscopy, electrospray mass spectrometry, and single crystal X-ray structural analysis at 200 K. Structures of the dppey complexes as acetone solvates show the Cu and Ag complexes to be isostructural with the previously reported Au complex, crystallizing in space group P 21/n with a ~ 25.5, b ~ 15.6, and c ~ 34.2 Å, and β ~ 103°. Structures of the dppe complexes show the copper complex to crystallize in the chiral space group P21 with a 11.8954(5), b 20.1904(5), and c 14.8999(5) Å, and β 111.366(5)°. The Ag and Au complexes are isostructural, crystallizing in space group P21/c with a ~ 17.8, b ~ 17.6, and c ~ 20.9 Å, and β ~ 107°. Structures of the dppp complexes show the copper complex to crystallize in space group P21/c with a 17.8399(4), b 19.8803(4), and c 18.7165(3) Å, and β 102.197(2)°. The Ag and Au complexes are isostructural, crystallizing in space group P21/n with a ~ 17.7, b ~ 18.6, and c ~ 19.6 Å, and β ~ 100°. Across the three series of complexes, the M–P bond lengths increase in the order Cu < Au < Ag with Cu–P = 2.281(3)–2.314(1) Å, average 2.30(1) Å; Au–P = 2.363(1)–2.4322(8) Å, average 2.40(2) Å, and Ag–P = 2.445(1)–2.5303(5) Å average 2.49(2) Å.
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16
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Mononuclear copper(II) complex with terpyridine and an extended phenanthroline base, [Cu(tpy)(dppz)]2+: Synthesis, crystal structure, DNA binding and cytotoxicity activity. Polyhedron 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2011.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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17
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Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Kopecky P, Schönhofer E, Zampese JA. Restricting the geometrical relaxation in four-coordinate copper(i) complexes using face-to-face and edge-to-face π-interactions. CrystEngComm 2011. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00880j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Lockard JV, Kabehie S, Zink JI, Smolentsev G, Soldatov A, Chen LX. Influence of Ligand Substitution on Excited State Structural Dynamics in Cu(I) Bisphenanthroline Complexes. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14521-7. [DOI: 10.1021/jp102278u] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jenny V. Lockard
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, Research Center for Nanoscale Structure of Matter, Southern Federal University, Sorge 5, Rostov-na-Donu, 344090 Russia, and Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O
| | - Sanaz Kabehie
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, Research Center for Nanoscale Structure of Matter, Southern Federal University, Sorge 5, Rostov-na-Donu, 344090 Russia, and Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O
| | - Jeffrey I. Zink
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, Research Center for Nanoscale Structure of Matter, Southern Federal University, Sorge 5, Rostov-na-Donu, 344090 Russia, and Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O
| | - Grigory Smolentsev
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, Research Center for Nanoscale Structure of Matter, Southern Federal University, Sorge 5, Rostov-na-Donu, 344090 Russia, and Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O
| | - Alexander Soldatov
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, Research Center for Nanoscale Structure of Matter, Southern Federal University, Sorge 5, Rostov-na-Donu, 344090 Russia, and Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O
| | - Lin X. Chen
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095, Research Center for Nanoscale Structure of Matter, Southern Federal University, Sorge 5, Rostov-na-Donu, 344090 Russia, and Department of Chemical Physics, Lund University, P.O
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Synthesis, structure and cytotoxicity studies of four-coordinate bis (cis–bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene) gold(I) complexes, [Au(dppey)2]X. J Inorg Biochem 2010; 104:625-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2010.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2009] [Revised: 02/19/2010] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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20
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Healy PC, McMurtrie JC, Bouzaid J. Bis[cis-bis-(diphenyl-phosphino)ethene]copper(I) dichloridocuprate(I). Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2010; 66:m493-4. [PMID: 21578996 PMCID: PMC2979187 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536810012146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2010] [Accepted: 03/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/04/2022]
Abstract
The crystal structure of the title compound, [Cu(C26H22P2)2][CuCl2], is composed of discrete Cu(dppey)2]+ cations [dppey is cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethene] and [CuCl2]− anions. The tetrahedral Cu(P—P)2 core of the [Cu(dppey)2]+ cation is distorted, with Cu—P bond lengths ranging from 2.269 (1) to 2.366 (1) Å. The five-membered –Cu—P—CH=CH—P– rings adopt envelope conformations, with the Cu atom lying 0.38 and 0.65 Å out of the P—C=C—P planes. The Cu—Cl distances in the [CuCl2]− anion are 2.094 (2) and 2.096 (2) Å, with a Cl—Cu—Cl angle of 176.81 (7)°.
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Coppens P, Benedict J, Messerschmidt M, Novozhilova I, Graber T, Chen YS, Vorontsov I, Scheins S, Zheng SL. Time-resolved synchrotron diffraction and theoretical studies of very short-lived photo-induced molecular species. Acta Crystallogr A 2010; 66:179-88. [PMID: 20164641 DOI: 10.1107/s0108767309055342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2009] [Accepted: 12/24/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Definitive experimental results on the geometry of fleeting species are at the time of writing still limited to monochromatic data collection, but methods for modifications of the polychromatic Laue data to increase their accuracy and their suitability for pump-probe experiments have been implemented and are reviewed. In the monochromatic experiments summarized, excited-state conversion percentages are small when neat crystals are used, but are higher when photoactive species are embedded in an inert framework in supramolecular crystals. With polychromatic techniques and increasing source brightness, smaller samples down to tenths of a micrometre or less can be used, increasing homogeneity of exposure and the fractional population of the excited species. Experiments described include a series of transition metal complexes and a fully organic example involving excimer formation. In the final section, experimental findings are compared with those from theoretical calculations on the isolated species. Qualitative agreement is generally obtained, but the theoretical results are strongly dependent on the details of the calculation, indicating the need for further systematic analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coppens
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260-3000, USA.
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22
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Pitié M, Pratviel G. Activation of DNA Carbon−Hydrogen Bonds by Metal Complexes. Chem Rev 2010; 110:1018-59. [DOI: 10.1021/cr900247m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Marguerite Pitié
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Geneviève Pratviel
- CNRS, LCC (Laboratoire de Chimie de Coordination), 205 route de Narbonne, F-31077 Toulouse, France, and Université de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
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23
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Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Neuburger M, Price J, Wolf A, Zampese JA. A strategy for controlling charge and conformation in 2,2′-bipyridine complexes for use in photonic applications. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2009.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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24
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Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Price JR, Zampese JA. When five are six: the myth of five-coordinate copper(ii) in supramolecular chemistry. CrystEngComm 2010. [DOI: 10.1039/c0ce00019a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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25
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Oguadinma PO, Rodrigue-Witchel A, Reber C, Schaper F. Intramolecular π-stacking in copper(i) diketiminate phenanthroline complexes. Dalton Trans 2010; 39:8759-68. [DOI: 10.1039/c0dt00240b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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26
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Kammer S, Kelling A, Baier H, Mickler W, Dosche C, Rurack K, Kapp A, Lisdat F, Holdt HJ. 2,11-Dialkylated 1,12-Diazaperylene Copper(I) Complexes: First Supramolecular Column Assemblies by π-π Stacking between Homoleptic Tetrahedral Metal Complexes, Exhibiting Low-Energy MLCT Transitions. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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27
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Yang P, Yang XJ, Wu B. Synthesis, Structure, and Spectroscopic and Electrochemical Properties of Copper(II/I) Complexes with Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical 2,9-Diaryl-1,10-phenanthroline Ligands. Eur J Inorg Chem 2009. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200900024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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28
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Vorontsov II, Graber T, Kovalevsky AY, Novozhilova IV, Gembicky M, Chen YS, Coppens P. Capturing and Analyzing the Excited-State Structure of a Cu(I) Phenanthroline Complex by Time-Resolved Diffraction and Theoretical Calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2009; 131:6566-73. [DOI: 10.1021/ja900921p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ivan I. Vorontsov
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Tim Graber
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Andrey Yu. Kovalevsky
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Irina V. Novozhilova
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Milan Gembicky
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Yu-Sheng Chen
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
| | - Philip Coppens
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois 60637, and University of Toledo, Toledo, Ohio 43606
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29
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Healy PC, Loughrey BT, Williams ML. Bis[cis-bis-(diphenyl-phosphino)ethene-κP,P']copper(I) tetra-fluoridoborate ethanol solvate. Acta Crystallogr Sect E Struct Rep Online 2009; 65:m500-1. [PMID: 21583749 PMCID: PMC2977563 DOI: 10.1107/s1600536809012707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Accepted: 04/03/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
In the title compound [Cu(C(26)H(22)P(2))(2)]BF(4)·C(2)H(5)OH, a disordered ethanol solvate molecule and the anions are located in well defined channels along the c axis. The four-coordinate Cu(P-P)(2) core of the cation adopts approximately D(2) point group symmetry with the Cu-P bond lengths spanning a narrow range from 2.272 (1) to 2.285 (1) Å.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Healy
- Eskitis Institute for Cell and Molecular Therapies, Griffith University, Brisbane 4111, Australia
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30
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Boudebous A, Constable EC, Housecroft CE, Neuburger M, Schaffner S, Listorti A, Sabatini C, Barigelletti F. Preparation and photophysical studies of copper(I) and ruthenium(II) complexes of 4,4′-bis(3,5-dimethoxyphenyl)-6,6′-dimethyl-2,2′-bipyridine. Inorganica Chim Acta 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2008.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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31
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LAVIECAMBOT A, CANTUEL M, LEYDET Y, JONUSAUSKAS G, BASSANI D, MCCLENAGHAN N. Improving the photophysical properties of copper(I) bis(phenanthroline) complexes. Coord Chem Rev 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2008.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 276] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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32
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Frey J, Tock C, Collin JP, Heitz V, Sauvage JP, Rissanen K. Cyclic [2]Pseudorotaxane Tetramers Consisting of Two Rigid Rods Threaded through Two Bis-Macrocycles: Copper(I)-Templated Synthesis and X-ray Structure Studies. J Am Chem Soc 2008; 130:11013-22. [DOI: 10.1021/ja801924y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Julien Frey
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ogano-Minérale, LC3 UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France, and Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Christian Tock
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ogano-Minérale, LC3 UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France, and Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jean-Paul Collin
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ogano-Minérale, LC3 UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France, and Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Valérie Heitz
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ogano-Minérale, LC3 UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France, and Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Jean-Pierre Sauvage
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ogano-Minérale, LC3 UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France, and Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
| | - Kari Rissanen
- Laboratoire de Chimie Ogano-Minérale, LC3 UMR 7177 du CNRS, Université Louis Pasteur, Institut de Chimie, 4 rue Blaise Pascal, 67070 Strasbourg Cedex, France, and Nanoscience Center, Department of Chemistry, University of Jyväskylä, P.O. Box 35, 40014 University of Jyväskylä, Finland
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33
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Healy PC, Loughrey BT, Bowmaker GA, Hanna JV. Structural, (197)Au Mössbauer and solid state (31)P CP/MAS NMR studies on bis (cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene) gold(I) complexes [Au(dppey)(2)]X for X = PF(6), I. Dalton Trans 2008:3723-8. [PMID: 18615219 DOI: 10.1039/b802496k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
(197)Au Mössbauer spectra for the d(10) gold(i) phosphine complexes, [Au(dppey)(2)]X (X = PF(6), I; dppey = (cis-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethylene), and the single crystal X-ray structure and solid state (31)P CPMAS NMR spectrum of [Au(dppey)(2)]I are reported here. In [Au(dppey)(2)]I the AuP(4) coordination geometry is distorted from the approximately D(2) symmetry observed for the PF(6)(-) complex with Au-P bond lengths 2.380(2)-2.426(2) A and inter-ligand P-Au-P angles 110.63(5)-137.71(8) degrees . Quadrupole splitting parameters derived from the Mössbauer spectra are consistent with the increased distortion of the AuP(4) coordination sphere with values of 1.22 and 1.46 mm s(-1) for the PF(6)(-) and I(-) complexes respectively. In the solid state (31)P CP MAS NMR spectrum of [Au(dppey)(2)]I, signals for each of the four crystallographically independent phosphorus nuclei are observed, with the magnitude of the (197)Au quadrupole coupling being sufficiently large to produce a collapse of (1)J(Au-P) splitting from quartets to doublets. The results highlight the important role played by the counter anion in the determination of the structural and spectroscopic properties of these sterically crowded d(10) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter C Healy
- School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan, Queensland, Australia 4111
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34
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Mutrofin S, Chan EJ, Healy PC, Marinelli A, Ngoune J, Pettinari C, Pettinari R, Somers N, Skelton BW, White AH. Structural forms in complexes of 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline with simple salts of copper(I) and other univalent ‘closed shell’ species. Inorganica Chim Acta 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2007.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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35
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de Hoog P, Louwerse MJ, Gamez P, Pitié M, Baerends EJ, Meunier B, Reedijk J. Influence of the Copper Coordination Geometry on the DNA Cleavage Activity of Clip-Phen Complexes Studied by DFT. Eur J Inorg Chem 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.200701052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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36
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Bessho T, Constable EC, Graetzel M, Hernandez Redondo A, Housecroft CE, Kylberg W, Nazeeruddin MK, Neuburger M, Schaffner S. An element of surprise—efficient copper-functionalized dye-sensitized solar cells. Chem Commun (Camb) 2008:3717-9. [PMID: 18685754 DOI: 10.1039/b808491b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 240] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeru Bessho
- Laboratory of Photonics and Interfaces, Institute of Chemical Science and Engineering, Faculty of Basic Science, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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37
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Constable EC, Chaurin V, Housecroft CE, Neuburger M, Schaffner S. The aryl–phen and phen–phen embraces—new supramolecular motifs. CrystEngComm 2008. [DOI: 10.1039/b801019f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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38
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Ghosh M, Biswas P, Flörke U. Structural, spectroscopic and redox properties of transition metal complexes of dipyrido[3,2-f:2′,3′-h]-quinoxaline (dpq). Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2007.04.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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39
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Cheng JK, Yin PX, Li ZJ, Qin YY, Yao YG. Intercalation of cation guests into a three-dimensional anionic host framework. INORG CHEM COMMUN 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.inoche.2007.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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40
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Robertazzi A, Magistrato A, de Hoog P, Carloni P, Reedijk J. Density Functional Theory Studies on Copper Phenanthroline Complexes. Inorg Chem 2007; 46:5873-81. [PMID: 17585756 DOI: 10.1021/ic0618908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Density functional theory calculations have been employed to investigate the role of structural properties of copper phenanthroline complexes for DNA-cleavage activity. Structural changes imposed on the coordination geometries of Cu(phen)(2)(+,2+) (phen = 1,10-phenanthroline) linked by a serinol bridge (abbreviated as Clip) were studied, as well as their energetic profiles. Our calculations show that structures of these copper complexes (in this work named as clipped complexes) strongly depend on the position of the link, rather than on the copper oxidation state. Ionization energies slightly differ among the three selected complexes, while inner-sphere reorganization energies more markedly depend on the serinol link. However, the relative rates of the redox reaction of Cu(phen)(2), Cu(2-Clip-phen), and Cu(3-Clip-phen) were found not to correlate with their relative DNA-cleavage activity experimentally observed. Thus, the serinol link mainly affects the structural properties of copper phenanthroline complexes rather than their electronic properties. Docking simulations of clipped and nonclipped Cu(I) phenanthroline complexes on a DNA 16mer, d[CGCTCAACTGTGATAC](2), were finally performed to assess how different structural properties could affect the formation of DNA adducts. This analysis revealed that the most stable adducts of Cu(phen)(2+) and Cu(3-Clip-phen)(+) with DNA bind in the minor groove, whereas Cu(2-Clip-phen)(+) binds preferentially into the major groove.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Robertazzi
- International School for Advanced Studies and CNR-INFM-Democritos National Simulation Center, Trieste, Italy
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41
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Zheng SL, Gembicky M, Messerschmidt M, Dominiak PM, Coppens P. Effect of the Environment on Molecular Properties: Synthesis, Structure, and Photoluminescence of Cu(I) Bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) Nanoclusters in Eight Different Supramolecular Frameworks. Inorg Chem 2006; 45:9281-9. [PMID: 17083227 DOI: 10.1021/ic0609709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
By selection of different charge-balancing anionic frameworks and different host-to-guest ratios, the photosensitizer-dye cation [Cu(dmp)2]+ (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) has been embedded in a series of three-dimensional host structures. It occurs with variable geometry in different states of aggregation, including weakly interacting monomers, isolated dimers, columns, and layers. A large variation in its emission lifetime is correlated with the relative energy level spacings of the guest- and host-framework components. In a fully saturated host framework, the lifetime exceeds values reported for a series of conventional Cu(dmp)2 salts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shao-Liang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260-3000, USA.
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42
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Patten TE, Troeltzsch C, Olmstead MM. Copper(I) and -(II) Complexes of Neutral and Deprotonated N-(2,6-Diisopropylphenyl)-3-[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]propanamide. Inorg Chem 2005; 44:9197-206. [PMID: 16323900 DOI: 10.1021/ic0505697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
As part of a study of atom-transfer radical polymerization (ATRP) catalysts, four new copper(I) and -(II) compounds of a new monoanionic, tripodal tetradentate ligand, N-(2,6-diisopropylphenyl)-3-[bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amino]propanamide (DIPMAP), were prepared. Ligand synthesis followed from the addition-elimination reaction of 2,6-diisopropylaniline with acryloyl chloride and then a Lewis acid catalyzed Michael addition of bis(2-pyridylmethyl)amine to this product. The ligand was complexed to CuCl to yield monomeric Cu(DIPMAP)Cl featuring an intramolecular hydrogen bond between the free amide hydrogen and the coordinated chloride ligand. Deprotonation of the amide hydrogen in Cu(DIPMAP)Cl using n-BuLi led to the incorporation of LiCl in the resulting product, Li2Cu2(DIPMAP)2Cl2. This complex exhibited an unusual dimeric structure, with the amine nitrogens of one ligand coordinated to a lithium ion, the amide oxygen of the same ligand bridging between the lithium ions, and the amidate nitrogen of that ligand coordinated to a CuCl unit that has a structure analogous to dihalocuprate ions. Deprotonation of Cu(DIPMAP)Cl using KOtBu yielded an alkali-metal chloride free product, Cu2(DIPMAP)2, that also exhibited a dimeric structure in which the three amine nitrogens of one ligand were coordinated to one CuI ion and the amidate nitrogen of the same ligand was coordinated to the other CuI ion. Cu2(DIPMAP)2 was effective in abstracting halogen atoms from organic halides, but in the attempted ATRP of tert-butyl acrylate, molecular weight versus conversion behavior reminiscent of a redox-initiated polymerization was observed. DIPMAP was coordinated to CuBr2 to yield [Cu(DIPMAP)Br]Br with a square-pyramidal structure. The amide hydrogen in this complex could be deprotonated using KOtBu to form complex [DIPMAP]CuBr. Spectral characterization of complex confirmed deprotonation of the ligand and that it most likely had an axially distorted trigonal-bipyramidal structure, although crystals suitable for X-ray analysis could not be obtained. Solution oxidation of Cu2(DIPMAP)2 using CBr4 yielded a product, complex, whose spectral signatures did not match those of complex. The dimeric structure of Cu2(DIPMAP)2 might be a significant contributing factor to the slow rate of deactivation observed in atom-transfer reactions using Cu2(DIPMAP)2 as the catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy E Patten
- Department of Chemistry, University of California at Davis, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616-5292, USA.
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43
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Kovalevsky AY, Gembicky M, Coppens P. Cu(I)(2,9-Bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,10-phenanthroline)2+ Complexes: Correlation between Solid-State Structure and Photoluminescent Properties. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:8282-9. [PMID: 15606174 DOI: 10.1021/ic049638s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The 90K solid-state structures, room temperature absorption, and room temperature and 17 K emission spectra of seven different salts of [Cu(I)(bfp)(2)](+) (bfp = 2,9-bis(trifluoromethyl)-1,10-phenanthroline) have been determined. To quantify the distortion of the Cu coordination environment, a distortion parameter zeta is defined that is a combined measure of the flattening, rocking, and wagging distortions of the complex cations. In general, the distortion in the (bfp) cations is less than found previously for Cu(I)(dmp)(2) (dmp = 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) salts, in particular the flattening is reduced because of the bulkier 2,9-substituents. The 17 K lifetimes range up to 1.8 mus in the series of solids examined and, with the marked exception of the BF(4)(-) salt, correlate linearly with the distortion parameter zeta. The emission wavelength red-shifts with decreasing lifetime, which implies that an increased ground-state distortion is associated with a smaller energy gap.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Kovalevsky
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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44
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Coppens P, Vorontsov II, Graber T, Kovalevsky AY, Chen YS, Wu G, Gembicky M, Novozhilova IV. Geometry Changes of a Cu(I) Phenanthroline Complex on Photoexcitation in a Confining Medium by Time-Resolved X-ray Diffraction. J Am Chem Soc 2004; 126:5980-1. [PMID: 15137759 DOI: 10.1021/ja049781k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Using a stroboscopic technique, in which the molecule is repeatedly excited and the structural change is probed more than 5000 times per second immediately after excitation, we performed a 16 K time-resolved single-crystal study of the microsecond lifetime triplet state of the Cu(I)phenanthroline derivative[Cu(I)(dmp)(dppe)][PF6] (dppe = 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane). The geometry changes on excitation differ for the two symmetry-independent molecules, but are in the same direction as calculated for an isolated reference molecule, although the flattening distortion in the crystal is significantly smaller, implying that the reorganization energy is greatly affected by the confining medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Coppens
- Department of Chemistry, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA.
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45
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Gumienna-Kontecka E, Rio Y, Bourgogne C, Elhabiri M, Louis R, Albrecht-Gary AM, Nierengarten JF. Dendrimers with a Copper(I) Bis(phenanthroline) Core: Synthesis, Electronic Properties, and Kinetics. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:3200-9. [PMID: 15132627 DOI: 10.1021/ic049945y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The copper(I) bis(chelate) complex Cu(L(0))(2) has been prepared from 2,9-diphenethyl-1,10-phenanthroline and Cu(CH(3)CN)(4)BF(4). Derivative Cu(L(0))(2) has been characterized by NMR, UV-vis spectroscopy, and X-ray crystallography. Interestingly, owing to the presence of the ethylene linker, the interligand pi-pi stacking interactions between the phenyl rings and the phenanthroline subunits in Cu(L(0))(2) do not induce significant distortions of the pseudotetrahedral symmetry around the Cu(I) center in the solid state or in solution. Following the synthesis of Cu(L(0))(2), dendrimers Cu(L(1)(-)(4))(2) with a Cu(I) bis(2,9-diphenethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) core surrounded by Fréchet type dendritic branches have been prepared and the kinetics of their cyanide-assisted demetalation studied. Importantly, the surrounding dendritic wedges have no significant influence on the coordination geometry of the Cu(I) center, as deduced from their absorption spectra. Therefore, the variations of the rate constants only reflect changes resulting from the presence of the dendritic branches. The kinetics of the cyanide-mediated demetalation reaction indeed revealed that cyanide diffusion through the dendritic shell is slightly influenced by the size of the branches. Significant effects were observed in the kinetics when going from the third to the fourth generation and have been ascribed to changes in the lipophilicity around the metallic core as a result of dendritic encapsulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elzbieta Gumienna-Kontecka
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie Bioinorganique, Université Louis Pasteur et CNRS (UMR 7509), Ecole Européenne de Chimie, Polymères et Matériaux (ECPM), 25 rue Becquerel, 67087 Strasbourg Cedex 2, France
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46
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Howell SL, Matthewson BJ, Polson MIJ, Burrell AK, Gordon KC. Structural Changes upon Reduction of Dipyrido[2,3-a:3‘,2‘-c]phenazine Probed by Vibrational Spectroscopy, ab Initio Calculations, and Deuteration Studies. Inorg Chem 2004; 43:2876-87. [PMID: 15106975 DOI: 10.1021/ic030225l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A series of bridging ligands, dipyrido[2,3-a:3',2'-c]phenazine (ppb), dipyrido[2,3-a:3',2'-c]-6,7-dichlorophenazine (ppbCl2), and dipyrido[2,3-a:3',2'-c]-6,7-dimethylphenazine (ppbMe2), and their binuclear copper(I) complexes have been synthesized, and their spectral properties were measured. The single-crystal structure of the complex, [(PPh3)2Cu(mu-ppbCl2)Cu(PPh3)2](BF4)2 in the monoclinic space group P21/c, 18.2590(1), 21.1833(3), 23.2960(3) A with Z = 4 is reported. The copper(I) complexes are deeply colored through MLCT transitions in the visible region. The vibrational spectra of the ligands have been modeled using ab initio hybrid density functional theory (DFT) methods (B3LYP/6-31G(d)) and compared to experimental FT-Raman and IR data. The DFT calculations are used to interpret the resonance Raman spectra, and thus the electronic spectra, of the complexes. The preferential enhancement of modes associated with the phenanthroline section of the ligands with blue excitation (lambda(exc) = 457.9 nm) over phenazine-based modes with redder excitation (lambda(exc) = 514.5 and 632.8 nm) suggests the 2 MLCT transitions terminated on different unoccupied MOs are present under the visible absorption envelope. The radical anion species of the ligands are prepared by the electrochemical reduction of the binuclear copper(I) complexes; no evidence of dechelation prevalent in other copper(I) complexes is observed. The resonance Raman spectra of the reduced complexes are dramatically different from those of the parent species. Across the series common bands are observed at about 1590 and 1570 cm(-1) which do not shift with reduction but are altered in intensity. The normal-mode analysis of the radical anion species suggests that these normal modes primarily involve bond length distortions that are unaffected by reduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah L Howell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Otago, Union Place, Dunedin, New Zealand
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47
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Siddique ZA, Yamamoto Y, Ohno T, Nozaki K. Structure-dependent photophysical properties of singlet and triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer states in copper(I) bis(diimine) compounds. Inorg Chem 2004; 42:6366-78. [PMID: 14514312 DOI: 10.1021/ic034412v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The photophysical properties of singlet and triplet metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) states of [Cu(I)(diimine)(2)](+), where diimine is 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dmphen), 2,9-dibutyl-1,10-phenanthroline (dbphen), or 6,6'-dimethyl-2,2'-bipyridine (dmbpy), were studied. On 400 nm laser excitation of [Cu(dmphen)(2)](+) in CH(2)Cl(2) solution, prompt (1)MLCT fluorescence with a quantum yield of (2.8 +/- 0.8) x 10(-5) was observed using a picosecond time-correlated single photon counting technique. The quantum yield was dependent on the excitation wavelength, suggesting that relaxation of the Franck-Condon state to the lowest (1)MLCT competes with rapid intersystem crossing (ISC). The fluorescence lifetime of the copper(I) compound was 13-16 ps, unexpectedly long despite a large spin-orbit coupling constant of 3d electrons in copper (829 cm(-1) ). Quantum chemical calculations using a density functional theory revealed that the structure of the lowest (1)MLCT in [Cu(dmphen)(2)](+) (1(1)B(1)) was flattened due to the Jahn-Teller effect in 3d(9) electronic configuration, and the dihedral angle between the two phenanthroline planes (dha) was about 75 degrees with the dha around 90 degrees in the ground state. Intramolecular reorganization energy for the radiative transition of 1(1)B(1) was calculated as 2.1 x 10(3) cm(-1), which is responsible for the large Stokes shift of the fluorescence observed (5.4 x 10(3) cm(-1)). To understand the sluggishness of the intersystem crossing (ISC) of (1)MLCT of the copper(I) compounds, the strength of the spin-orbit interaction between the lowest (1)MLCT (1(1)B(1)) and all (3)MLCT states was calculated. The ISC channels induced by strong spin-orbit interactions (ca. 300 cm(-1)) between the metal-centered HOMO and HOMO - 1 were shown to be energetically unfavorable in the copper(I) compounds because the flattening distortion caused large splitting (6.9 x 10(3) cm(-1)) between these orbitals. The possible ISC is therefore induced by weak spin-orbit interactions (ca. 30 cm(-1)) between ligand-centered molecular orbitals. Further quantum mechanical study on the spin-orbit interaction between the lowest (3)MLCT (1(3)A) and all (1)MLCT states indicated that the phosphorescence borrows intensity from 2(1)B(1). The radiative rate of the phosphorescence was also structure-sensitive. The flattening distortion reduced the transition dipole moment of 2(1)B(1) --> the ground state, and decreased the extent of mixing between 1(3)A and 2(1)B(1), thereby considerably reducing the phosphorescence radiative rate at the MLCT geometry compared to that at the ground state geometry. The theoretical calculation satisfactorily reproduced the radiative rate of ca. 10(3) s(-1) and accounted for the structure-sensitive phosphorescence intensities of copper(I) bis(diimine) compounds recently demonstrated by Felder et al. (Felder, D.; Nierengarten, J. F.; Barigelletti, F.; Ventura, B.; Armaroli, N. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123, 6291).
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Affiliation(s)
- Zainul Abedin Siddique
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-16 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
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48
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Kovalevsky AY, Gembicky M, Novozhilova IV, Coppens P. Solid-State Structure Dependence of the Molecular Distortion and Spectroscopic Properties of the Cu(I) Bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) Ion. Inorg Chem 2003; 42:8794-802. [PMID: 14686859 DOI: 10.1021/ic0348805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The relation between the geometry and spectroscopic properties of a series of salts of the Cu(I) bis(2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline) ion, (Cu((I))(dmp)(2))(+), is explored. The distortions from the idealized D(2)(d)() geometry, which include flattening, rocking of the dmp ligands, and displacement of the Cu atoms out of the dmp planes, show considerable variation, indicating the importance of packing forces in the crystalline environment. The change in the absorption spectra upon flattening of the complex, expressed as the variation of the angle between the dmp planes, which varies from 88 degrees in the BF(4) and tosylate salts to 73 degrees in the picrate, agrees qualitatively with parallel DFT calculations. No correlation is found between ground state geometry and luminescence lifetimes, recorded both at room temperature and at 16 K. The low temperature lifetimes vary by a factor of 8 among the (Cu((I))(dmp)(2))(+) salts examined, the longest lifetime (2.4 micros at 16 K) being observed for the tosylate salt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrey Yu Kovalevsky
- Chemistry Department, University at Buffalo, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York 14260, USA
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49
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Chen LX, Shaw GB, Novozhilova I, Liu T, Jennings G, Attenkofer K, Meyer GJ, Coppens P. MLCT state structure and dynamics of a copper(I) diimine complex characterized by pump-probe X-ray and laser spectroscopies and DFT calculations. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:7022-34. [PMID: 12783557 DOI: 10.1021/ja0294663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The molecular structure and dynamics of the photoexcited metal-to-ligand-charge-transfer (MLCT) state of [Cu(I)(dmp)(2)](+), where dmp is 2,9-dimethyl-1,10-phenanthroline, in acetonitrile have been investigated by time-domain pump-probe X-ray absorption spectroscopy, femtosecond optical transient spectroscopy, and density functional theory (DFT). The time resolution for the excited state structural determination was 100 ps, provided by single X-ray pulses from a third generation synchrotron source. The copper ion in the thermally equilibrated MLCT state has the same oxidation state as the corresponding copper(II) complex in the ground state and was found to be penta-coordinate with an average nearest neighbor Cu-N distance 0.04 A shorter than that of the ground state [Cu(I)(dmp)(2)](+). The results confirm the previously proposed "exciplex" structure of the MLCT state in Lewis basic solvents. The evolution from the photoexcited Franck-Condon MLCT state to the thermally equilibrated MLCT state was followed by femtosecond optical transient spectroscopy, revealing three time constants of 500-700 fs, 10-20 ps, and 1.6-1.7 ns, likely related to the kinetics for the formation of the triplet MLCT state, structural relaxation, and the MLCT excited-state decay to the ground state, respectively. DFT calculations are used to interpret the spectral shift on structural relaxation and to predict the geometries of the ground state, the tetracoordinate excited state, and the exciplex. The DFT calculations also indicate that the amount of charge transferred from copper to the dmp ligand upon photoexcitation is similar to the charge difference at the copper center between the ground-state copper(I) and copper(II) complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin X Chen
- Chemistry Division and Material Sciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA.
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50
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Functionalised 2,2′-bipyridine ligands for the preparation of metallostars; X-ray structures of free ligands and preparation of copper(I) and silver(I) complexes. Polyhedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(02)01310-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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