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Swarbrook AM, Weekes RJ, Goodwin JW, Hawes CS. Ligand isomerism fine-tunes structure and stability in zinc complexes of fused pyrazolopyridines. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:1056-1069. [PMID: 34935828 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt04007c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Fused-ring pyrazoles offer a versatile platform for derivitization to give finely tuned and functional ligands in coordination assemblies. Here, we explore the pyrazolo[4,3-b]pyridine (HL1) and pyrazolo[3,4-c]pyridine (HL2) backbones and their N-substituted derivatives, using their coordination chemistry with zinc(II) in the solid state and in solution to examine the steric and electronic effects of varying their substitution pattern. The parent heterocycles HL1 and HL2 both generate robust and permanently porous isomeric MOFs on reaction with zinc and a dicarboxylate co-ligand. The subtle geometric change offered by the position of the backbone pyridyl nitrogen atom leads to substantial changes in the pore size and total pore volume, which is reflected in both their surface areas and CO2 uptake performance. Both materials are also unusually resilient to atmospheric water vapour by virtue of the strong metal-azolate bonding. The isomeric chelating ligands L3-L6, generated by N-arylation of the parent heterocycles with a 2-pyridyl group, each coordinate to zinc to give either mononuclear or polymeric coordination compounds depending on the involvement of the backbone pyridine nitrogen atom. While crystal packing influences based on the steric preferences of the ligands are dominant in the crystalline phase, fluorescence spectroscopy is used to show that the 2H isomers L4 and L6 show distinct coordination behaviour to the 1H isomers L3 and L5, forming competing [ML] and [ML2] species in soution. The first stability constant for L6 with zinc(II) is an order of magnitude larger than for the other three ligands, suggesting an improved binding strength based on the electron configuration in this isomer. These results show that careful control of remote substitution on fused pyrazole ligands can lead to substantial improvements in the stability of the resulting complexes, with consequences for the design of stable coordination assemblies containining labile metal ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amelia M Swarbrook
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Rohan J Weekes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Jack W Goodwin
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
| | - Chris S Hawes
- School of Chemical and Physical Sciences, Keele University, Keele ST5 5BG, UK.
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Sarkar M, Pandey P, Bera JK. Chiral 1,8-naphthyridine based ligands: Syntheses and characterization of Di- and tetranuclear copper (I) and silver (I) complexes. Inorganica Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2018.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Synthesis and reactivity of a triphenyltin-functionalized 1H-(3,5-dimethylpyrazol-1-ylmethyl)-1,2,3-benzotriazole. TRANSIT METAL CHEM 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11243-016-0065-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Camphopyrazole-based N,N- and N,P-ligands and chiral complexes of Ni, Pd, and Rh: P–N bond activation upon Rh(I) complexation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2016.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Mancano G, Page MJ, Bhadbhade M, Messerle BA. Hemilabile and Bimetallic Coordination in Rh and Ir Complexes of NCN Pincer Ligands. Inorg Chem 2014; 53:10159-70. [DOI: 10.1021/ic501158x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Mancano
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Michael J. Page
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Mohan Bhadbhade
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
| | - Barbara A. Messerle
- School of Chemistry and ‡Mark Wainwright
Analytical Centre, The University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, NSW 2052, Australia
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Cubanski JR, Cameron SA, Crowley JD, Blackman AG. Low symmetry pyrazole-based tripodal tetraamineligands: metal complexes and ligand decomposition reactions. Dalton Trans 2013. [DOI: 10.1039/c2dt32200e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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7
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Conformational flexibility of 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-ylmethyl)pyridine (L5) in [(L5)CoII(H2O)3]Cl2 and [(L5)NiII(H2O)2Cl]Cl·H2O. Molecular structures and non-covalent interactions. Inorganica Chim Acta 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ica.2011.02.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Yap GP, Claramunt RM, López C, García MÁ, Pérez-Medina C, Alkorta I, Elguero J. The structures of chiral and racemate campho[2,3-c]pyrazole: A combined crystallographic, solid-state NMR and computational study. J Mol Struct 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2009.11.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Ren X, Giesen DJ, Rajeswaran M, Madaras M. Synthesis, Characterization, and Physical Properties of Cyclometalated Iridium(III) Complexes with 2-Phenylthiophene or 2-Phenylfuran Ligands. Organometallics 2009. [DOI: 10.1021/om9006246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofan Ren
- Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650-2103
| | - David J. Giesen
- Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650-2103
| | - Manju Rajeswaran
- Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650-2103
| | - Marcel Madaras
- Research Laboratories, Eastman Kodak Company, 1999 Lake Avenue, Rochester, New York 14650-2103
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Bajracharya GB, Arai MA, Koranne PS, Suzuki T, Takizawa S, Sasai H. Development of Chiral Spiro Ligands for Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reactions. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2009. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.82.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Page MJ, Wagler J, Messerle BA. Pyrazolyl-N-heterocyclic carbene complexes of rhodium as hydrogenation catalysts: The influence of ligand steric bulk on catalyst activity. Dalton Trans 2009:7029-38. [DOI: 10.1039/b906724h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Palladium complexes of multidentate pyrazolylmethyl pyridine ligands: Synthesis, structures and phenylacetylene polymerization. Polyhedron 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.poly.2006.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Steel PJ. Nitrogen heterocycles as building blocks for new metallosupramolecular architectures. Molecules 2004; 9:440-8. [PMID: 18007443 PMCID: PMC6148538 DOI: 10.3390/90600440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2004] [Accepted: 03/06/2004] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The syntheses of representative examples of five classes of new heterocyclic ligands are described. These include N,N'-chelating bis-heterocycles, binucleating ligands, cyclometallated compounds, chiral ligands and a family of polyheteroaryl-linked arenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter J Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand.
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Hafez Hussien Elghandour A, Faure R, Frideling A, Galy JP, Alkorta I, Elguero J. Synthesis, 1H and 13C NMR Study of Pyrazoles Derived from Chiral Cyclohexanones (3-Methylcyclohexanone, Menthone, Pulegone, Dihydrocarvone and Carvone). HETEROCYCLES 2002. [DOI: 10.3987/com-01-9407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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17
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Mukherjee R. Coordination chemistry with pyrazole-based chelating ligands: molecular structural aspects. Coord Chem Rev 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0010-8545(99)00144-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 341] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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18
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Meyer F, Pritzkow H. An isoxazole-based polymeric co-ordination network incorporating a helical Ag(I)-S structural motif. Polyhedron 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(99)00182-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Kolar P, Tišler M. Recent Advances in the Chemistry of Pyridazines. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 1999. [DOI: 10.1016/s0065-2725(08)60985-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
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Hartshorn CM, Steel PJ. Cyclometalated Compounds. XI.1 Single and Double Cyclometalations of Poly(pyrazolylmethyl)benzenes. Organometallics 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/om9800851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Chris M. Hartshorn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Peter J. Steel
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch, New Zealand
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Chiral C3-symmetric ligands and their transition metal complexes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s1874-5156(97)80009-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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22
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Silva AM, Almeida LM, Cavaleiro J, Foces-Foces C, Llamas-Saiz AL, Fontenas C, Jagerovic N, Elguero J. Synthesis and molecular structure of new O/N/O ligands: Bis-phenol-pyridine and bis-phenol-pyrazole. Tetrahedron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(97)00733-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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