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Jēkabsone A, Karlsons A, Osvalde A, Ievinsh G. Effect of Na, K and Ca Salts on Growth, Physiological Performance, Ion Accumulation and Mineral Nutrition of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:190. [PMID: 38256743 PMCID: PMC10818879 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2023] [Revised: 01/06/2024] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. is an obligatory halophyte species showing optimum growth at elevated soil salinity levels, but the ionic requirements for growth stimulation are not known. The aim of the present study was to compare the effects of sodium, potassium and calcium in the form of chloride and nitrate salts on the growth, physiological performance, ion accumulation and mineral nutrition of M. crystallinum plants in controlled conditions. In a paradoxical way, while sodium and potassium had comparable stimulative effect on plant growth, the effect of calcium was strongly negative even at a relatively low concentration, eventually leading to plant death. Moreover, the effect of Ca nitrate was less negative in comparison to that of Ca chloride, but K in the form of nitrate had some negative effects. There were three components of the stimulation of biomass accumulation by NaCl and KCl salinity in M. crsytallinum: the increase in tissue water content, increase in ion accumulation, and growth activation. As optimum growth was in a salinity range from 20 to 100 mM, the increase in the dry biomass of plants at a moderate (200 mM) and high (400 mM) salinity in comparison to control plants was mostly due to ion accumulation. Among physiological indicators, changes in leaf chlorophyll concentration appeared relatively late, but the chlorophyll a fluorescence parameter, Performance Index Total, was the most sensitive to the effect of salts. In conclusion, both sodium and potassium in the form of chloride salts are efficient in promoting the optimum growth of M. crystallinum plants. However, mechanisms leading to the negative effect of calcium on plants need to be assessed further.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astra Jēkabsone
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia;
| | - Andis Karlsons
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia; (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Anita Osvalde
- Institute of Biology, University of Latvia, 4 Ojāra Vācieša Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia; (A.K.); (A.O.)
| | - Gederts Ievinsh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia;
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He J, Leng SY, Qin L. Growth, Physiology and Nutritional Quality of C 4 Halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. Grown Aeroponically in Different Percentages of Artificial Seawater under Different Light-Emitting Diode Spectral Qualities. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3214. [PMID: 37765377 PMCID: PMC10535323 DOI: 10.3390/plants12183214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
Edible halophyte Portulaca oleracea L., known as purslane, was grown in two percentages of artificial seawater (ASW) under two combined red (R) and blue (B) LED spectra. High salinity (40% ASW) negatively affected shoot productivity and leaf growth of purslane compared to those grown in 10% ASW. Photosynthetic pigment and total reduced nitrogen concentrations were significantly higher in purslane grown in 10% ASW than in 40% ASW. However, LED spectral quality did not markedly influence these parameters. Grown in 10% ASW under R/B 2.2, purslane had the highest maximum nitrate reductase activity, while those in 40% ASW under R/B 2.2 had the highest activation state. Under both light qualities, purslane had a sevenfold increase in proline concentration in 40% ASW than in 10% ASW. Total phenolic compounds' concentration was the highest in 10% ASW under R/B 0.9, while there were no significant differences in the accumulation of total soluble sugars and ascorbic acids among all plants. Antioxidant enzymes activities were lower in 40% ASW under R/B 2.2 compared to the other conditions. In conclusion, salinity affected the yield, physiology and nutritional quality of purslane. The impacts of LED spectral quality on purslane were only reflected by certain physiological and nutritional parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Natural Sciences and Science Education Academic Group, National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, 1 Nanyang Walk, Singapore 637616, Singapore; (S.Y.L.); (L.Q.)
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Li CH, Tu YC, Wen MF, Tien HJ, Yen HE. Exogenous myo-inositol increases salt tolerance and accelerates CAM induction in the early juvenile stage of the facultative halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum but not in the late juvenile stage. Funct Plant Biol 2023; 50:363-377. [PMID: 36949582 DOI: 10.1071/fp22285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. (ice plant) develops salt tolerance during the transition from the juvenile to the adult stage through progressive morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes. Myo -inositol is the precursor for the synthesis of compatible solute D-pinitol and promotes Na+ transport in ice plants. We previously showed that supplying myo -inositol to 9-day-old seedlings alleviates salt damage by coordinating the expression of genes involved in inositol synthesis and transport, affecting osmotic adjustment and the Na/K balance. In this study, we examined the effects of myo -inositol on physiological parameters and inositol-related gene expression in early- and late-stage juvenile plants. The addition of myo -inositol to salt-treated, hydroponically grown late juvenile plants had no significant effects on growth or photosynthesis. In contrast, supplying exogenous myo -inositol to salt-treated early juvenile plants increased leaf biomass, relative water content, and chlorophyll content and improved PSII activity and CO2 assimilation. The treatment combining high salt and myo -inositol synergistically induced the expression of myo -inositol phosphate synthase (INPS ), myo -inositol O -methyltransferase (IMT ), and inositol transporters (INTs ), which modulated root-to-shoot Na/K ratio and increased leaf D-pinitol content. The results indicate that sufficient myo -inositol is a prerequisite for high salt tolerance in ice plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng-Hsun Li
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Cheng Tu
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Fang Wen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hsing-Jung Tien
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
| | - Hungchen Emilie Yen
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 40227, Taiwan
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Flores-Duarte NJ, Pajuelo E, Mateos-Naranjo E, Navarro-Torre S, Rodríguez-Llorente ID, Redondo-Gómez S, Carrasco López JA. A Culturomics-Based Bacterial Synthetic Community for Improving Resilience towards Arsenic and Heavy Metals in the Nutraceutical Plant Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24087003. [PMID: 37108166 PMCID: PMC10138511 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24087003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2023] [Revised: 04/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) help plants thrive in polluted environments and increase crops yield using fewer inputs. Therefore, the design of tailored biofertilizers is of the utmost importance. The purpose of this work was to test two different bacterial synthetic communities (SynComs) from the microbiome of Mesembryanthemum crystallinum, a moderate halophyte with cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and nutraceutical applications. The SynComs were composed of specific metal-resistant plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria and endophytes. In addition, the possibility of modulating the accumulation of nutraceutical substances by the synergetic effect of metal stress and inoculation with selected bacteria was tested. One of the SynComs was isolated on standard tryptone soy agar (TSA), whereas the other was isolated following a culturomics approach. For that, a culture medium based on M. crystallinum biomass, called Mesem Agar (MA), was elaborated. Bacteria of three compartments (rhizosphere soil, root endophytes, and shoot endophytes) were isolated on standard TSA and MA media, stablishing two independent collections. All bacteria were tested for PGP properties, secreted enzymatic activities, and resistance towards As, Cd, Cu, and Zn. The three best bacteria from each collection were selected in order to produce two different consortiums (denominated TSA- and MA-SynComs, respectively), whose effect on plant growth and physiology, metal accumulation, and metabolomics was evaluated. Both SynComs, particularly MA, improved plant growth and physiological parameters under stress by a mixture of As, Cd, Cu, and Zn. Regarding metal accumulation, the concentrations of all metals/metalloids in plant tissues were below the threshold for plant metal toxicity, indicating that this plant is able to thrive in polluted soils when assisted by metal/metalloid-resistant SynComs and could be safely used for pharmaceutical purposes. Initial metabolomics analyses depict changes in plant metabolome upon exposure to metal stress and inoculation, suggesting the possibility of modulating the concentration of high-value metabolites. In addition, the usefulness of both SynComs was tested in a crop plant, namely Medicago sativa (alfalfa). The results demonstrate the effectiveness of these biofertilizers in alfalfa, improving plant growth, physiology, and metal accumulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noris J Flores-Duarte
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eloísa Pajuelo
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Enrique Mateos-Naranjo
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Salvadora Navarro-Torre
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Ignacio D Rodríguez-Llorente
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Susana Redondo-Gómez
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes, s/n, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
| | - José A Carrasco López
- Departamento de Microbiología y Parasitología, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad de Sevilla, c/ Profesor García González, 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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Ievinsh G. Water Content of Plant Tissues: So Simple That Almost Forgotten? Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:plants12061238. [PMID: 36986926 PMCID: PMC10058729 DOI: 10.3390/plants12061238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present review was to reconsider basic information about various functional aspects related to plant water content and provide evidence that the usefulness of measuring absolute water content in plant sciences is undervalued. First, general questions about water status in plants as well as methods for determining water content and their associated problems were discussed. After a brief overview of the structural organization of water in plant tissues, attention was paid to the water content of different parts of plants. Looking at the influence of environmental factors on plant water status, the differences caused by air humidity, mineral supply, biotic effects, salinity, and specific life forms (clonal and succulent plants) were analyzed. Finally, it was concluded that the expression of absolute water content on a dry biomass basis makes easily noticeable functional sense, but the physiological meaning and ecological significance of the drastic differences in plant water content need to be further elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gederts Ievinsh
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology, University of Latvia, 1 Jelgavas Str., LV-1004 Rīga, Latvia
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He J, Gan JHS, Qin L. Productivity, photosynthetic light-use efficiency, nitrogen metabolism and nutritional quality of C 4 halophyte Portulaca oleracea L. grown indoors under different light intensities and durations. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1106394. [PMID: 36875599 PMCID: PMC9975723 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1106394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Portulaca oleracea L. (known as purslane), is a nutritious facultative C4 halophyte. Recently, it has been successfully grown indoors under LED lightings by our team. However, basic understanding about the impacts of light on purslanes are lacking. This study aimed to investigate the effects of light intensity and duration on productivity, photosynthetic light use efficiency, nitrogen metabolism and nutritional quality of indoor grown purslanes. All plants were grown in 10% artificial seawater hydroponically under different photosynthetic photon flux densities (PPFDs) and durations and thus different daily light integrals (DLI). They are, L1 (240 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 12 h, DLI = 10.368 mol m-2 day-1); L2 (320 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 18 h, DLI = 20.736 mol m-2 day-1); L3 (240 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 24 h, DLI = 20.736 mol m-2 day-1); L4 (480 µmol photon m-2 s-1, 12 h, DLI = 20.736 mol m-2 day-1), respectively. Compared to L1, higher DLI promoted root and shoot growth and thus increased shoot productivity by 2.63-,1.96-, 3.83-folds, respectively for purslane grown under L2, L3, L4. However, under the same DLI, L3 plants (continuous light, CL) had significantly lower shoot and root productivities compared those with higher PPFDs but shorter durations (L2 and L4). While all plants had similar total chlorophyll and carotenoid concentrations, CL (L3) plants had significantly lower light use efficiency (Fv/Fm ratio), electron transport rate, effective quantum yield of PSII, photochemical- and non-photochemical quenching. Compared to L1, higher DLI with higher PPFDs (L2 and L4) increased leaf maximum nitrate reductase activity while longer durations increased leaf NO 3 - concentrations and total reduced nitrogen. There were no significant differences in leaf total soluble protein, total soluble sugar and total ascorbic acid concentrations in both leaf and stem regardless of light conditions. However, L2 plants had the highest leaf proline concentration but leaf total phenolic compounds concentration was higher in L3 plants instead. Generally, L2 plants had the highest dietary minerals such as K, Ca, Mg and Fe among the four different light conditions. Overall, L2 condition is the most suitable lighting strategy in enhancing productivity and nutritional quality of purslane.
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Ahmadi T, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR. Light emitting diodes improved the metabolism of rosmarinic acid and amino acids at the transcriptional level in two genotypes of Melissa officinalis L. Funct Plant Biol 2022; 49:1055-1069. [PMID: 36043232 DOI: 10.1071/fp21364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we used different LEDs to evaluate their effect on metabolic and transcriptional reprogramming of two genotypes (Ilam and Isfahan) of lemon balm grown under narrow-band LED lighting. Lemon balm plants were grown in four incubators equipped with artificial lighting and subjected to four LED lamps [White, Blue, Red, and mixed RB (Red+Blue) (70%:30%)] and in greenhouse conditions for 7weeks. The results showed significant increases in leaf number, pigment and soluble sugar contents, secondary metabolites, and calcium, magnesium, potassium and amino acid contents achieved in growth under mixed RB LEDs. As observed for the content of total phenolics, rosmarinic acid, and amino acids, the expression of genes involved in their production, including TAT , RAS , and DAHPS were also enhanced due to the mixed RB LED lighting. The best condition for both the plant growth and expression of genes was under the mixture of Red+Blue LED lamps. These observations indicate that the increase in secondary metabolites under mixed Red+Blue lights may be due to the increase in primary metabolites synthesis and the increased expression of genes that play an essential role in the production of secondary metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tayebeh Ahmadi
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran; and Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran
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Hosseini S, Shabani L, Sabzalian MR, Gharibi S. Foliar spray of commercial seaweed and amino acid-derived biostimulants promoted phytoremediation potential and salinity stress tolerance in halophytic grass, Puccinellia distans. Int J Phytoremediation 2022; 25:415-429. [PMID: 35914280 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2022.2088688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Plants pretreatment with various chemicals has often been used to diminish salinity stress impact on plants. An experiment was carried out to determine the effect of foliar spray of two commercially available biostimulants (Algabon® [0.5 g/l] and Bonamid® [2 g/l]) on the growth and tolerance of halophytic grass, Pucccinellia distans under non-salinity condition (NSC) and salinity condition (SC). The greenhouse experiment was set up in a completely randomized design with three treatments repeated three times. Our results showed that biomass, leaf relative water content, chlorophyll content, K+ content, K+/Na+ ratio, and protein and N contents were all negatively affected by 300 mM NaCl. The results obtained in the present study showed the beneficial effects of the pretreatments of two biostimulants on P. distans seedlings under non-salinity stress conditions with respect to increasing plant biomass, photosynthetic pigments, K+ content, the content of proteins, and nitrogen percentage. The results suggested that foliar spray of Bonamid® could partly diminish NaCl-caused stress on P. distans seedlings, probably due to higher accumulation of shoot biomass, photosynthetic pigments, K+/Na+ ratio, protein and N contents, phytoremediation potential, as well as upregulation of Na+/H+ antiporters located in plasma membranes and vacuoles. The highest phytoremediation potential (PP) of shoots and total biomass was detected in the plants sprayed with Bonamid® by 50.8 and 42.7% respectively, relative to that in salinity-stressed control plants. Interestingly, foliar spray with two biostimulants decreased osmoprotectants and antioxidant compounds content of shoots under salinity stress conditions. Collectively, it could be concluded that a noticeable feature of pretreatment of P. distans seedlings with Algabon® and Bonamid® is the increase in growth under NSC, whereas under SC only pretreated plants with amino acid-derived biostimulant (Bonamid®) can (partly) diminish the NaCl-induced deleterious effects in P. distans seedlings through the compartmentalization of salts in vacuoles (by upregulation of Na+/H+ antiporters).
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeed Hosseini
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Leila Shabani
- Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Science, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
- Research Institute of Biotechnology, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran
| | - Mohammad R Sabzalian
- Department of Agronomy and Plant Breeding, College of Agriculture, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Shima Gharibi
- Core Research Facilities (CRF), Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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Rodríguez-Hernández MDC, Garmendia I. Optimum growth and quality of the edible ice plant under saline conditions. J Sci Food Agric 2022; 102:2686-2692. [PMID: 34693528 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.11608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ice plant is a halophyte, known for its antioxidant activity and for being a highly functional food. It is capable of increasing its contents of health-promoting compounds when subjected to certain stresses such as salinity. The objective of this work was to determine the plant's best growing conditions to achieve both an optimal production of bioactive metabolites and high crop yield. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum were grown under semi-controlled conditions and four saline treatments were applied at: 0, 100, 200 and 300 mmol L-1 sodium chloride (NaCl), respectively. RESULTS The 100 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment induced a slight increase in shoot dry weight (DW) and enhanced the leaf area. At higher salinity levels, however, the shoot biomass decreased. The concentration of starch and total proteins declined as the concentration of salt increased, while the total soluble sugars (TSS) content was lower in 100 and 300 mmol L-1 NaCl treatments. Proline increased in conditions over 100 mmol L-1 NaCl. Furthermore, plants grown with 300 mmol L-1 of NaCl presented the highest values of glutathione, ascorbic acid and vitamin C. Antioxidant enzymes activity and total phenolics increased with the severity of the salinity. CONCLUSION Ice plant accumulates high levels of health-promoting compounds when grown with 300 mmol L-1 NaCl. A high concentration of beneficial compounds, however, is detrimental to the plant's growth. Moreover, 100 mmol L-1 NaCl treatment not only improved the concentration of bioactive and antioxidant compounds but also preserved the crop yield. It could thus be interesting to promote the cultivation of this high nutritional value plant in environments of moderate salinity. © 2021 The Authors. Journal of The Science of Food and Agriculture published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Idoia Garmendia
- Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Alicante, Alicante, Spain
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Zavafer A, Fan D, Murakami K. Advanced technologies in studying plant photosynthesis: principles and applications. Funct Plant Biol 2022; 49:i-iii. [PMID: 35533097 DOI: 10.1071/fp22050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
sion="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> FP Functional Plant Biology Funct. Plant Biol. 1445-4408 1445-4416 CSIRO Publishing 36 Gardiner Road Clayton VIC 3168 Australia FP22050 10.1071/FP22050 Foreword Advanced technologies in studying plant photosynthesis: principles and applications A. Zavafer et al . https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8905-1618 Zavafer Alonso A Fan Dayong B * https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8150-9535 Murakami Keach C Handling Editor Shabala Sergey Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2001, Australia. Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center (HARC), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan. College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry, University, Beijing 100083, China. * Correspondence to: Dayong Fan Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center (HARC), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan Email: dayong73fan@163.com 9 May 2022 49 6 Special Issue i iii 9 May 2022 Published: 9 May 2022 © 2022 The Author(s) (or their employer(s)). Published by CSIRO Publishing 2022 The Authors The foreword to this special issue on the advanced technologies in studying photosynthesis focuses on the main contributions of Fred Chow, one of the key Australian scientists studying light reactions in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alonso Zavafer
- Plant Science Division, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2001, Australia
| | - Dayong Fan
- Hokkaido Agricultural Research Center (HARC), National Agriculture and Food Research Organization (NARO), 1 Hitsujigaoka, Toyohira, Sapporo 062-8555, Japan
| | - Keach Murakami
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry, University, Beijing 100083, China
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He J, Ng OWJ, Qin L. Salinity and Salt-Priming Impact on Growth, Photosynthetic Performance, and Nutritional Quality of Edible Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. Plants 2022; 11:plants11030332. [PMID: 35161313 PMCID: PMC8838379 DOI: 10.3390/plants11030332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L. is a nutritious edible facultative halophyte. This study aimed to investigate the physiology and quality of M. crystallinum L. grown under different salinities and salt-priming conditions. All plants were first grown in 10% artificial seawater (ASW) for 10 days. After that, some plants remained in 10% ASW while the others were transferred to 20%, 30%, 40%, or 50% ASW for another 10 days. Some plants also underwent a salt priming by transferring them gradually from 10% to 100% ASW over a span of 10 days (defined as salt primed). All plants were green and healthy. However, there were reductions in shoot and root productivity, leaf growth, and water content, but also an increase in leaf succulence after transferring plants to higher salinities. The salt-primed plants showed higher photosynthetic light use efficiency with higher chlorophyll concentration compared to other plants. The concentrations of proline, ascorbic acid (ASC), and total phenolic compounds (TPC) increased as percentages of ASW increased. The salt-primed plants switched from C3 to crassulacean acid metabolism photosynthesis and accumulated the greatest amounts of proline, ASC, and TPC. In conclusion, higher salinities and salt priming enhance the nutritional quality of M. crystallinum L. but compromises productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +65-67903817; Fax: +65-6896-9414
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He J, Qin L. Impacts of Reduced Nitrate Supply on Nitrogen Metabolism, Photosynthetic Light-Use Efficiency, and Nutritional Values of Edible Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:686910. [PMID: 34149787 PMCID: PMC8213338 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.686910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Mesembryanthemum crystallinum (common ice plant), as a nutritious ready-to-eat salad in Singapore, has become popular in recent years. However, basic data about the impacts of NO3 - supply on its NO3 - accumulation and nutritional quality are lacking. In this study, all plants were first grown indoor hydroponically in 10% artificial seawater (ASW) with modified full-strength Netherlands Standard Composition nutrient solution for 11 days, before transferring them to different reduced NO3 - solutions. All plants grew well and healthy after 7 days of treatment. However, plants grown with 3/4 N and 1/2 N were bigger with higher shoot and root fresh weight (FW), greater leaf number, and total leaf area (TLA) than those grown with full nitrogen (N), 1/4 N, and 0 N. Mesembryanthemum crystallinum grown with full N, 3/4 N, and 1/4 N had similar specific leaf area (SLA), while 0 N plants had significantly lower SLA. All plants had similar leaf succulence (LS). However, leaf water content (LWC) was lower, while leaf dry matter accumulation (LDMC) was higher in 0 N plants after 7 days of treatment. Compared with plants grown with full N, shoot NO3 - concentrations in 3/4 N, 1/2 N, and 1/4 N plants were constant or slightly increased during the treatments. For 0 N plants, shoot NO3 - concentration decreased significantly during the treatment compared with other plants. Shoot NO3 - accumulation was associated with nitrate reductase activity (NRA). For instance, after 7 days of treatment, shoot NO3 - concentration and NRA on a FW basis in 0 N plants were, respectively, 45 and 31% of full N plants. After transferring full N to 0 N for 7 days, all M. crystallinum had higher chlorophyll (Chl) content coupled with higher electron transport rate (ETR) and higher effective quantum yield of PSII, while full N plants had higher non-photochemical quenching (NPQ). The 0N plants had much higher concentrations of proline, total soluble sugar (TSS), and total ascorbic acid (ASC) than other plants. In conclusion, totally withdrawing NO3 - from the growth media prior to harvest could be one of the strategies to reduce shoot NO3 - concentration. Reduced NO3 - supply further enhanced nutritional values as concentrations of proline, TSS, and ASC were enhanced markedly in M. crystallinum plants after transferring them from full N to 0 N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie He
- National Institute of Education, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore, Singapore
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