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van der Schoot RJ, Hoeksema BW. Host specificity of coral-associated fauna and its relevance for coral reef biodiversity. Int J Parasitol 2024; 54:65-88. [PMID: 37838302 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/16/2023]
Abstract
Coral-associated fauna predominantly consists of invertebrates and constitutes an important component of coral reef biodiversity. The symbionts depend on their hosts for food, shelter and substrate. They may act as parasites by feeding on their hosts, by overgowing their polyps, or by excavating their skeletons. Because some of these species partly reside inside their hosts, they may be cryptic and can easily be overlooked in biodiversity surveys. Since no quantitative overview is available about these inter-specific relationships, this present study adresses variation in host ranges and specificity across four large coral-associated taxa and between the Atlantic and Indo-Pacific oceans. These taxa are: coral barnacles (Pyrgomatidae, n = 95), coral gall crabs (Cryptochiridae, n = 54), tubeworms (Serpulidae, n = 31), and date mussels (Lithophaginae, n = 23). A total of 335 host coral species was recorded. An index of host specificity (STD) was calculated per symbiont species, based on distinctness in taxonomic host range levels (species, genus, family, etc.). Mean indices were statistically compared among the four associated taxa and the two oceanic coral reef regions. Barnacles were the most host-specific, tubeworms the least. Indo-Pacific associates were approximately 10 times richer in species and two times more host-specific than their Atlantic counterparts. Coral families varied in the number of associates, with some hosting none. This variation could be linked to host traits (coral growth form, maximum host size) and is most probably also a result of the evolutionary history of the interspecific relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roeland J van der Schoot
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Bert W Hoeksema
- Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, P.O. Box 11103, 9700 CC Groningen, The Netherlands.
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Nishi E, Abe H, Tanaka K, Jimi N, Kupriyanova EK. A new species of the Spirobranchuskraussii complex, S.akitsushima (Annelida, Polychaeta, Serpulidae), from the rocky intertidal zone of Japan. Zookeys 2022; 1100:1-28. [PMID: 36760394 PMCID: PMC9848934 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.1100.79569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A new species of Spirobranchus (Annelida: Serpulidae) is described based on specimens collected at the coastal Shonan area of Sagami Bay and the adjacent areas of Honshu, Japan. Spirobranchusakitsushima sp. nov. forms large aggregations in the intertidal rocky zone of warm-temperate Japanese shores. This species was referred to as Pomatoleioskraussii (Baird, 1864) until the monotypic genus Pomatoleios was synonymized with Spirobranchus. This new species is formally described based on morphologically distinct Japanese specimens with supporting DNA sequence data. The calcareous opercular endplate of Spirobranchusakitsushima sp. nov. lacks a distinct talon, but some specimens have a slight rounded swelling on the endplate underside, while in other species of the S.kraussii complex a talon is present, usually extended, and with bulges. We examined sub-fossil tube aggregations of the new species and suggest that such aggregation stranded ashore is a good indicator of vertical land movements (uplift and subsidence) resulting from past events, such as earthquakes, in Honshu, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eijiroh Nishi
- College of Education, Yokohama National University, Hodogaya, Yokohama 240-8501, JapanYokohama National UniversityYokohamaJapan
| | - Hirokazu Abe
- Department of Biology, Center for Liberal Arts & Sciences, Iwate Medical University, Idaidori 1-1-1, Yahaba, Shiwa-gun, Iwate 028-3694, JapanIwate Medical UniversityYahabaJapan,Current address: Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Ishinomaki Senshu University, Shinmito 1, Minamisakai, Ishinomaki, Miyagi 986-8580, JapanIshinomaki Senshu UniversityIshinomakiJapan
| | - Katsuhiko Tanaka
- Department of Marine Biology, School of Marine Science and Technology, Tokai University, 3-20-1, Orido, Shimizu, Shizuoka-shi, Shizuoka 424-8610, JapanTokai UniversityShimizuJapan
| | - Naoto Jimi
- Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, 429-63 Sugashima, Toba, Mie 517-0004, JapanNagoya UniversityTobaJapan,Centre for Marine and Coastal Studies, Universiti Sains Malaysia 11800 USM, Penang, MalaysiaUniversiti Sains MalaysiaPenangMalaysia
| | - Elena K. Kupriyanova
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Australian Museum, 1 William Street, Sydney 2010 NSW, AustraliaAustralian MuseumSydneyAustralia,Department of Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, North Ryde NSW 2109, AustraliaMacquarie UniversityNorth RydeAustralia
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Abstract
The Stylasteridae, commonly known as lace corals, is a family of colonial calcifying hydrozoans mostly inhabiting deep waters. Stylasterids show a cosmopolitan distribution but, in some areas, they are characterized by low species diversity, such as in the Red Sea, where only a shallow-water species has been reported so far. With this work, we provide the first evidence of a deep-sea stylasterid inhabiting the NEOM region in the northern Saudi Arabian Red Sea, at depths ranging between 166 and 492 m. Morphological examinations revealed that this species was previously unknown and belonging to the genus Stylaster. We, therefore, describe Stylaster tritoni sp. nov., representing the first record of the genus in the Red Sea. Lastly, the phylogenetic position of the species within the Stylasteridae was evaluated, revealing a close relationship with shallow-water Indo-Pacific and Western Atlantic Stylaster species and confirming the polyphyletic nature of the genus Stylaster.
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Kobayashi G, Goto R. Molecular phylogenetic assessment of Spirobranchus kraussii-complex (Annelida: Serpulidae) from the Japanese Archipelago. PeerJ 2021; 9:e11746. [PMID: 34316401 PMCID: PMC8286061 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.11746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spirobranchus kraussii (Annelida: Serpulidae) was recognized as being widely distributed both in the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. However, the sampling records far from its type locality (South Africa) have been questioned. Actually, recent molecular phylogenetic studies showed that S. kraussii contains genetically distinct species. In this study, we performed molecular phylogenetic analyses of S. cf. kraussii collected from Japan using the nucleotide sequences of a mitochondrial gene and two nuclear genes. Three lineages were recovered within Spirobranchus kraussii-complex in Japan, and one (Spirobranchus sp. 6) showed moderate genetic difference (approximately 4%) in the mitochondrial cytb gene sequence from Spirobranchus sp. 1, an undescribed sequenced species from Honshu Island, Japan. However, the nucleotide sequences of the 18S rRNA gene and ITS2 region were nearly indistinguishable. The other lineage was clearly distinct from the other previously sequenced species and is thus considered to be another distinct species of this species complex (Spirobranchus sp. 5). Although detailed morphological assessment of these lineages is necessary to define their taxonomic status, the present study provided further implications for the species diversity within the S. kraussii-complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genki Kobayashi
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Goto
- Seto Marine Biological Laboratory, Field Science Education and Research Center, Kyoto University, Shirahama, Nishimuro, Wakayama, Japan
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Sánchez-Ovando JP, Benítez-Villalobos F, Bastida-Zavala JR. Early development of two species of Spirobranchus Blainville, 1818 (Polychaeta: Serpulidae) from the Southern Mexican Pacific. INVERTEBR REPROD DEV 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/07924259.2021.1932614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J. P. Sánchez-Ovando
- Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados Marinos (LABSIM), Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Oaxaca, México
- División de Estudios de Posgrado, Maestría En Ciencias: Ecología Marina, Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Oaxaca, México
| | - F. Benítez-Villalobos
- Laboratorio de Ecología del Desarrollo (ECODES), Instituto de Recursos, Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Oaxaca, México
| | - J. R. Bastida-Zavala
- Laboratorio de Sistemática de Invertebrados Marinos (LABSIM), Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Campus Puerto Ángel, Ciudad Universitaria, Oaxaca, México
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Abstract
Sabellida Levinsen, 1883 is a large morphologically uniform group of sedentary annelids commonly known as fanworms. These annelids live in tubes made either of calcareous carbonate or mucus with agglutinated sediment. They share the presence of an anterior crown consisting of radioles and the division of the body into thorax and abdomen marked by a chaetal and fecal groove inversion. This study synthesises the current state of knowledge about the diversity of fanworms in the broad sense (morphological, ecological, species richness), the species occurrences in the different biogeographic regions, highlights latest surveys, provides guidelines for identification of members of each group, and describe novel methodologies for species delimitation. As some members of this group are well-known introduced pests, we address information about these species and their current invasive status. In addition, an overview of the current evolutionary hypothesis and history of the classification of members of Sabellida is presented. The main aim of this review is to highlight the knowledge gaps to stimulate research in those directions.
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Hoeksema BW, van der Schoot RJ, Wels D, Scott CM, Ten Hove HA. Filamentous turf algae on tube worms intensify damage in massive Porites corals. Ecology 2019; 100:e02668. [PMID: 30801685 PMCID: PMC6850283 DOI: 10.1002/ecy.2668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 02/04/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bert W Hoeksema
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands.,Institute of Biology Leiden, Leiden University, PO Box 9505, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Roeland J van der Schoot
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Dagmar Wels
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
| | - Chad M Scott
- New Heaven Reef Conservation Program, 48 Moo 2, Koh Tao, Suratthani, 84360, Thailand
| | - Harry A Ten Hove
- Taxonomy and Systematics Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, P.O. Box 9517, Leiden, 2300 RA, The Netherlands
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