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Trevisol E, Mogollón García HD, Ackermann CL, Lacerda W, Pires RML, Laufer-Amorin R, Carvalho RF, Franchi FF, Castilho ACS, Rizzoto G, Kastelic JP, Ferreira JCP. Partial luteolysis during early diestrus in cattle downregulates VEGFA expression and reduces large luteal cell and corpus luteum sizes and plasma progesterone concentration. Theriogenology 2020; 158:188-195. [PMID: 32961354 DOI: 10.1016/j.theriogenology.2020.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Our objectives were to investigate potential changes in the size of steroidogenic large luteal cells (LLC) during partial luteolysis induced by a sub-dose of cloprostenol in early diestrus and to determine transcriptional variations in genes involved in corpus luteum (CL) functions. Cows were subjected to an Ovsynch protocol, with the time of the second GnRH treatment defined as Day 0 (D0). On D6, cows were randomly allocated into three treatments: Control (2 mL saline, im; n = 10), 2XPGF (two doses of 500 μg of cloprostenol, im, 2 h apart; n = 8) or 1/6PGF (single dose of 83.3 μg of cloprostenol, im; n = 10). Before treatments and every 8 h during the 48-h experimental period, blood samples were collected and CL volumes measured. Furthermore, two CL biopsies were obtained at 24 and 40 h post-treatment. The 1/6PGF treatment caused partial luteolysis, characterized by sudden decreases in plasma progesterone (P4) concentrations, luteal volume and LLC size, followed by increases (to pretreatment values) in P4 and luteal volume at 24 and 40 h post-treatment, respectively. However, at the end of the study, P4, luteal volume and LLC size were all significantly smaller than in Control cows. Temporally associated with these phenotypes, there was a lower mRNA abundance of VEGFA at 24 and 40 h, and ABCA1 at 24 h (P < 0.05). In conclusion, a sudden reduction in CL size during partial luteolysis induced by a sub-dose of PGF2α analog on day 6 of the estrous cycle was attributed to a reduction in LLC size, although these changes did not account for the entire phenomenon. In addition to its involvement in reducing CL size, decreased VEGFA mRNA abundance impaired CL development, resulting in a smaller luteal gland and lower plasma P4 concentrations compared to Control cows.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Trevisol
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - H D Mogollón García
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - C L Ackermann
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - W Lacerda
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, APTA - SAA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - R M L Pires
- Institute of Animal Husbandry, APTA - SAA, Nova Odessa, SP, Brazil
| | - R Laufer-Amorin
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Science, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-681, SP, Brazil
| | - R F Carvalho
- Department of Structural and Functional Biology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - F F Franchi
- Department of Pharmacology, Institute of Biosciences, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-689, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - A C S Castilho
- University of Western São Paulo (Unoeste), Presidente Prudente, 9067-175, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - G Rizzoto
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J P Kastelic
- Department of Production Animal Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - J C P Ferreira
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University (UNESP), Botucatu, 18618-681, SP, Brazil.
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Seto NL, Bogan RL. Decreased cholesterol uptake and increased liver x receptor-mediated cholesterol efflux pathways during prostaglandin F2 alpha-induced and spontaneous luteolysis in sheep. Biol Reprod 2015; 92:128. [PMID: 25882703 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod.114.124941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2014] [Accepted: 04/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
In nonprimate species, it has been well established that prostaglandin F2 alpha (PGF2alpha) initiates luteolysis. Changes in intracellular cholesterol concentrations caused by modulation of cholesterol uptake and efflux may mediate PGF2alpha-induced luteolysis. These changes in cholesterol efflux and uptake are controlled, in part, by the liver x receptors (LXR) alpha (NR1H3) and beta (NR1H2), nuclear receptors that increase expression of genes necessary for cholesterol efflux or limiting cholesterol uptake. Therefore, we hypothesized that PGF2alpha reduces expression of cholesterol uptake and increases expression of cholesterol efflux genes, mediated in part by enhanced LXR activity. To test this hypothesis, an induced luteolysis model was used whereby ewes were treated during their midluteal phase with saline or PGF2alpha and corpora lutea (CL) collected 12, 24, or 48 h later for determination of mRNA and protein concentrations by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. As a complementary approach, CL undergoing spontaneous luteolysis were compared to midluteal phase CL. The lipoprotein receptors responsible for cholesterol uptake were significantly decreased in both luteolysis models. Expression of the LXR target gene ATP binding cassette subfamily A1 (ABCA1), an important mediator of cholesterol efflux, was significantly increased in both experimental models. Chromatin immunoprecipitation confirmed that PGF2alpha treatment resulted in enhanced NR1H3 and NR1H2 binding to the ABCA1 promoter. Qualitative changes in lipid droplet distribution were also observed following PGF2alpha treatment. These data support the hypothesis that reduced cholesterol uptake and increased efflux mediate luteolysis in sheep, which is partially controlled by PGF2alpha stimulation of LXR activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nickie L Seto
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
| | - Randy L Bogan
- School of Animal and Comparative Biomedical Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona
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Trevisol E, Ferreira JC, Ackermann CL, Destro FC, Marques Filho WC, Carmagos AS, Biehl MV, do Amaral JB, de Figueiredo Pantoja JC, Sartori R, Ferreira JCP. Luteal changes after treatment with sub-luteolytic doses of prostaglandin (cloprostenol sodium) in cattle. Anim Reprod Sci 2015; 153:8-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.anireprosci.2014.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2014] [Revised: 11/18/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Physiological and practical effects of progesterone on reproduction in dairy cattle. Animal 2014; 8 Suppl 1:70-81. [DOI: 10.1017/s1751731114000585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Diaz FJ, Wiltbank MC. Acquisition of luteolytic capacity involves differential regulation by prostaglandin F2alpha of genes involved in progesterone biosynthesis in the porcine corpus luteum. Domest Anim Endocrinol 2005; 28:172-89. [PMID: 15713365 DOI: 10.1016/j.domaniend.2004.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2004] [Accepted: 08/10/2004] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Luteolytic capacity is defined as the ability of corpora lutea (CL) to undergo luteolysis after prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha treatment. The mechanisms causing acquisition of luteolytic capacity are not yet identified but CL without luteolytic capacity have PGF2alpha receptors and respond to PGF2alpha with some changes in gene expression. Inhibition of progesterone biosynthesis is a key feature of luteolysis and therefore we postulated that genes involved in progesterone biosynthesis would be regulated by PGF2alpha differently in CL with or without luteolytic capacity. Gilts on day 9 after estrus (lack luteolytic capacity) or day 17 of pseudopregnancy (with luteolytic capacity) were treated with saline or a PGF2alpha analog (cloprostenol) and CL were collected 0.5 (Experiment I) or 10 h (Experiment II) later. In Experiment III, large luteal cells from CL on day 9 or 17 were cultured for 1, 12 and 24h with or without PGF2alpha. PGF2alpha decreased LDL receptor mRNA (27%), steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR) mRNA (41%), StAR protein (75%), LH receptor mRNA (55%), and LH receptor protein (45%) at 10 h after treatment in day 17 but not day 9 CL. PGF2alpha increased DAX-1 mRNA at 0.5 h (43%) and 10 h (46%) after PGF2alpha in day 17 but not day 9 CL but decreased 3betaHSD mRNA ( approximately 20% at 10 h) in both days 9 and 17 CL. In vitro, PGF2alpha decreased StAR mRNA at 12 h only in day 17 luteal cells; however, continuous treatment with PGF2alpha for 24 h decreased StAR mRNA in both days 9 and 17 luteal cells. Thus, luteolytic capacity involves a critical change in responsiveness of DAX-1, StAR, and LH receptor to PGF2alpha that results in inhibition of luteal progesterone biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco J Diaz
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program, Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706-1284, USA
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Chen JY, Chen JC, Wu JL. Molecular cloning and functional analysis of zebrafish high-density lipoprotein-binding protein. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2003; 136:117-30. [PMID: 12941645 DOI: 10.1016/s1096-4959(03)00181-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
High-density lipoprotein-binding protein (HBP) plays a pivotal role in the endocrine regulation of both lipids and cholesterol. This first study of the zebrafish (Danio rerio) HBP gene in a piscine provides information on the complex molecular events that regulates lipid and cholesterol functions in fish, and allows a comparison with starvation and hormonal regulation. One identical zebrafish HBP cDNA clone was obtained from a 24-h-old zebrafish cDNA library. Zebrafish HBP is composed of 1273 amino acids as residues. The 1273-aa of HBP has 87.8% and 87.0% similarities to human and chicken HBP, respectively. Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis showed that HBP is highly expressed in the 36 h of the developmental stage after fertilization as compared to other stages. As to tissue-specific expression, the HBP is highly expressed in the fin, liver and ovary. In the starvation experiment, results show significant differences between the control group and the group after 3-week starvation. After injecting GH, IGF-I, IGF-II or insulin, no significant differences were shown between the control and the experimental groups. These results suggest that in vivo HBP expression is not regulated by the insulin family or by growth hormone, but other factors present during the starvation may down- or up-regulate the HBP. Although the exact function of the HBP is unknown, its high expression in the liver and ovary suggests a role for this molecule in the cumulative efficiency of fish intake of food or lipid transfer; these results can possibly be applied to aquaculture in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyh-Yih Chen
- Marine Research Station, Institute of Zoology, Academia Sinica, 23-10, Dah-Uen Rd., Jiaushi, Ilan 262, Taiwan, ROC
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Diaz FJ, Anderson LE, Wu YL, Rabot A, Tsai SJ, Wiltbank MC. Regulation of progesterone and prostaglandin F2alpha production in the CL. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2002; 191:65-80. [PMID: 12044920 DOI: 10.1016/s0303-7207(02)00056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
After the luteinizing hormone (LH) surge, the cells that remain from the ovulated follicle undergo a process of differentiation termed luteinization. Two key features of the cells after luteinization are the capacity for tremendous production of progesterone [10(16) molecules of progesterone per (min/(g of CL))] and the capacity to undergo regression or death of the cells at the appropriate time. There are two steroidogenic cell types, the small and large luteal cells that are regulated by different mechanisms. In small luteal cells, production of progesterone is stimulated by LH through the protein kinase A (PKA) pathway. The large luteal cells of ruminants produce large quantities of progesterone that is independent of LH stimulation. Although luteotrophins clearly regulate luteal function, much of luteal progesterone production in some species appears to be constitutive, consistent with the autonomous aspects of the large luteal cell. The key regulated step in luteal progesterone production appears to be regulation of transport of cholesterol to the inner mitochondrial membrane apparently mediated by the steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (StAR). In addition, our recent research indicates that PKA is tonically active in large luteal cells and this may be responsible for the high, relatively autonomous nature of luteal progesterone production. Regression of the corpus luteum (CL) in many species is initiated by prostaglandin (PG) F2alpha secreted from the uterus. Luteal cells also have the capacity for production of PGF2alpha. Luteal PGF2alpha production can be regulated by a variety of substances including inhibition by progesterone and stimulation by cytokines. We have also characterized a positive feedback pathway in ruminant and porcine CL in which small amounts of uterine PGF(2alpha) stimulate intraluteal production of PGF2alpha due to induction of the cycloxygenase-2 (Cox-2) enzyme in large luteal cells. This positive feedback pathway is only present in CL that has acquired the capacity for luteal regression ( approximately day 7 in cow, approximately day 13 in pig). Regulation by protein kinase C (PKC) of transcriptional factors interacting with an E-box in the 5' flanking region of the Cox-2 gene is the critical regulatory element involved in this positive feedback pathway. Thus, luteinization in some species appears to change specific gene transcription such that progesterone production becomes relatively independent of acute luteotrophic regulation and intraluteal PGF2alpha synthesis is induced by the second messenger pathways that are activated by PGF2alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Diaz
- Endocrinology-Reproductive Physiology Program and Department of Dairy Science, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 236 Animal Sciences Building, 1675 Observatory Drive, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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Juengel JL, Haworth JD, Rollyson MK, Silva PJ, Sawyer HR, Niswender GD. Effect of dose of prostaglandin F(2alpha) on steroidogenic components and oligonucleosomes in ovine luteal tissue. Biol Reprod 2000; 62:1047-51. [PMID: 10727276 DOI: 10.1095/biolreprod62.4.1047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
To determine whether prostaglandin (PG) F(2alpha) had a dose-dependent effect upon secretion of progesterone, oligonucleosome formation, or loss of luteal weight, ewes on Day 9 or 10 of the estrous cycle were administered 0, 3, 10, or 30 mg PGF(2alpha) per 60 kg BW (i.v.), and luteal tissue was collected 9 and 24 h after injection. All doses of PGF(2alpha) decreased (P < 0. 05) concentrations of progesterone in sera by 9 h; however, in ewes treated with 3 mg PGF(2alpha), concentrations of progesterone were similar to control values at 24 h and higher (P < 0.05) than those in the 10- or 30-mg groups. Concentrations of progesterone in sera over all dose levels were highly correlated to luteal concentrations of mRNA encoding steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (P < 0.001), cytochrome P450 side-chain cleavage (P < 0.02), and 3beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase (P < 0.01). Corpora lutea collected at 24 h from ewes treated with the 10- and 30-mg doses of PGF(2alpha) weighed less (P < 0.05) than those from controls. Oligonucleosomes were not present in luteal tissues from control ewes. Surprisingly, all doses of PGF(2alpha)-induced oligonucleosomes in a majority of animals at 9 h and in a majority of ewes treated with 10 and 30 mg of PGF(2alpha) at 24 h. In conclusion, 3 mg of PGF(2alpha) per 60 kg BW transiently decreased serum concentrations of progesterone and induced oligonucleosome formation, but did not result in reduced luteal weight. The 10- and 30-mg doses of PGF(2alpha) decreased secretion of progesterone and induced oligonucleosome formation and luteolysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Juengel
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80526, USA
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Niswender GD, Juengel JL, Silva PJ, Rollyson MK, McIntush EW. Mechanisms controlling the function and life span of the corpus luteum. Physiol Rev 2000; 80:1-29. [PMID: 10617764 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.2000.80.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 629] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary function of the corpus luteum is secretion of the hormone progesterone, which is required for maintenance of normal pregnancy in mammals. The corpus luteum develops from residual follicular granulosal and thecal cells after ovulation. Luteinizing hormone (LH) from the anterior pituitary is important for normal development and function of the corpus luteum in most mammals, although growth hormone, prolactin, and estradiol also play a role in several species. The mature corpus luteum is composed of at least two steroidogenic cell types based on morphological and biochemical criteria and on the follicular source of origin. Small luteal cells appear to be of thecal cell origin and respond to LH with increased secretion of progesterone. LH directly stimulates the secretion of progesterone from small luteal cells via activation of the protein kinase A second messenger pathway. Large luteal cells are of granulosal cell origin and contain receptors for PGF(2alpha) and appear to mediate the luteolytic actions of this hormone. If pregnancy does not occur, the corpus luteum must regress to allow follicular growth and ovulation and the reproductive cycle begins again. Luteal regression is initiated by PGF(2alpha) of uterine origin in most subprimate species. The role played by PGF(2alpha) in primates remains controversial. In primates, if PGF(2alpha) plays a role in luteolysis, it appears to be of ovarian origin. The antisteroidogenic effects of PGF(2alpha) appear to be mediated by the protein kinase C second messenger pathway, whereas loss of luteal cells appears to follow an influx of calcium, activation of endonucleases, and an apoptotic form of cell death. If the female becomes pregnant, continued secretion of progesterone from the corpus luteum is required to provide an appropriate uterine environment for maintenance of pregnancy. The mechanisms whereby the pregnant uterus signals the corpus luteum that a conceptus is present varies from secretion of a chorionic gonadotropin (primates and equids), to secretion of an antiluteolytic factor (domestic ruminants), and to a neuroendocrine reflex arc that modifies the secretory patterns of hormones from the anterior pituitary (most rodents).
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Niswender
- Animal Reproduction and Biotechnology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado, USA
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