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Chen XH, Li YM, Huang X, Cui HL. POCl 3/Sulfoxide-Promoted Synthesis of Indolizino[8,7- b]indoles. J Org Chem 2023; 88:16400-16409. [PMID: 37983977 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c01912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
A mild chlorocyclization of pyrrole-tethered indoles has been realized using POCl3 as the chlorine source and tetramethylene sulfoxide as the promoter. A variety of chlorinated indolizino[8,7-b]indole derivatives have been constructed efficiently under this reaction system in moderate to good yields (19 examples, up to 93% yield).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Hui Chen
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Yun-Meng Li
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
| | - Xiang Huang
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Lei Cui
- Laboratory of Asymmetric Synthesis, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Chongqing University of Arts and Sciences, 319 Honghe Ave., Yongchuan, Chongqing 402160, P.R. China
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2
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Dudley QM, Jo S, Guerrero DAS, Chhetry M, Smedley MA, Harwood WA, Sherden NH, O’connor SE, Caputi L, Patron NJ. Reconstitution of monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis in genome engineered Nicotiana benthamiana. Commun Biol 2022; 5. [PMID: 36088516 PMCID: PMC9464250 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03904-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) are a diverse class of plant natural products that include a number of medicinally important compounds. We set out to reconstitute the pathway for strictosidine, a key intermediate of all MIAs, from central metabolism in Nicotiana benthamiana. A disadvantage of this host is that its rich background metabolism results in the derivatization of some heterologously produced molecules. Here we use transcriptomic analysis to identify glycosyltransferases that are upregulated in response to biosynthetic intermediates and produce plant lines with targeted mutations in the genes encoding them. Expression of the early MIA pathway in these lines produces a more favorable product profile. Strictosidine biosynthesis was successfully reconstituted, with the best yields obtained by the co-expression of 14 enzymes, of which a major latex protein-like enzyme (MLPL) from Nepeta (catmint) is critical for improving flux through the iridoid pathway. The removal of endogenous glycosyltransferases does not impact the yields of strictosidine, highlighting that the metabolic flux of the pathway enzymes to a stable biosynthetic intermediate minimizes the need to engineer the endogenous metabolism of the host. The production of strictosidine in planta expands the range of MIA products amenable to biological synthesis. The biosynthesis of strictosidine, a key intermediate of monoterpene indole alkaloids, was successfully reconstructed in Nicotiana benthamiana, demonstrating the potential of Nicotiana benthamiana as a bioproduction chassis for small molecules.
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3
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Abstract
We describe the first total synthesis of complex aspidosperma alkaloids (-)-voacinol and (-)-voacandimine C via a late-stage C7-methylenation strategy inspired by a biogenetic hypothesis. We envisioned rapid access to these natural alkaloids from a common, symmetrical precursor assembled by methylenation of a D-ring-oxidized variant of the structurally related natural product (-)-deoxoapodine. Chemoselective N9-oxidation of a pentacyclic deoxoapodine precursor enabled the synthesis of the corresponding hexacyclic C8-aminonitrile. Stereocontrolled methylenation of a C8-enamine derivative of deoxoapodine, accessed by ionization of the C8-aminonitrile, afforded a symmetrical dodecacyclic bisaminonitrile as a versatile precursor to these bisindole alkaloids. The final-stage, biosynthesis-inspired, controlled reductive opening of the oxolane substructures of this dodecacyclic intermediate provided a unified approach to (-)-voacinol and (-)-voacandimine C, while direct reduction of the same intermediate afforded the structurally related (-)-methylenebisdeoxoapodine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen M Flynn
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - In-Soo Myeong
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Taylor Pinto
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Mohammad Movassaghi
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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4
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Mall M, Shanker K, Samad A, Kalra A, Sundaresan V, Shukla AK. Stress responsiveness of vindoline accumulation in Catharanthus roseus leaves is mediated through co-expression of allene oxide cyclase with pathway genes. Protoplasma 2022; 259:755-773. [PMID: 34459997 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-021-01701-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Vindoline is an important alkaloid produced in Catharanthus roseus leaves. It is the more important monomer of the scarce and costly anticancer bisindole alkaloids, vincristine, and vinblastine, as unlike catharanthine (the other monomer), its biosynthesis is restricted to the leaves. Here, biotic (bacterial endophyte, phytoplasma, virus) and abiotic (temperature, salinity, SA, MeJa) factors were studied for their effect on vindoline accumulation in C. roseus. Variations in vindoline pathway-related gene expression were reflected in changes in vindoline content. Since allene oxide cyclase (CrAOC) is involved in jasmonate biosynthesis and MeJa modulates many vindoline pathway genes, the correlation between CrAOC expression and vindoline content was studied. It was taken up for full-length cloning, tissue-specific expression profiling, in silico analyses, and upstream genomic region analysis for cis-regulatory elements. Co-expression analysis of CrAOC with vindoline metabolism-related genes under the influence of aforementioned abiotic/biotic factors indicated its stronger direct correlation with the tabersonine-to-vindoline genes (t16h, omt, t3o, t3r, nmt, d4h, dat) as compared to the pre-tabersonine genes (tdc, str, sgd). Its expression was inversely related to that of downstream-acting peroxidase (prx) (except under temperature stress). Direct/positive relationship of CrAOC expression with vindoline content established it as a key gene modulating vindoline accumulation in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maneesha Mall
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Karuna Shanker
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Abdul Samad
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Alok Kalra
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India
| | - Velusamy Sundaresan
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Allalasandra, GKVK Post, Bengaluru, 560065, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashutosh K Shukla
- CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, UP, India.
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Cheng T, Zhang K, Guo J, Yang Q, Li Y, Xian M, Zhang R. Highly efficient biosynthesis of β-caryophyllene with a new sesquiterpene synthase from tobacco. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:39. [PMID: 35468840 PMCID: PMC9040381 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02136-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND β-Caryophyllene, a kind of bicyclic sesquiterpene, is mainly used as a spice in the food and cosmetic industries. Furthermore, it also has significant value in the pharmaceutical industry and is now considered to be used as a new fuel. As a chemical energy heterotrophic microorganism, Escherichia coli can produce a large amount of acetyl-CoA through aerobic respiration, and acetyl-CoA is the common precursor substance in the biosynthesis of all terpenoids. Therefore, E. coli has the potential to be a cell factory to produce terpenoids. RESULTS A new gene of β-caryophyllene synthase (TPS7) was found by analyzing the genome of Nicotiana tabacum L. using bioinformatics methods. The gene was overexpressed in engineered E. coli with a heterogeneous mevalonate (MVA) pathway to build a recombinant strain CAR1. Subsequent cultivation experiments in shake flask of engineered strain CAR1 verified that 16.1 mg/L β-caryophyllene was detected from the fermentation broth in the shake flask after induction for 24 h with IPTG. The toxic by-product of farnesyl acetate was detected during the process, and CAR1 showed a heavily cellular accumulation of product. We constructed an engineered strain CAR2, in which the downstream genes of the MVA pathway were integrated into the E. coli chromosome, successfully increasing β-caryophyllene production to 100.3 mg/L. The highest production of β-caryophyllene during the fed-batch fermentation was 4319 mg/L. Then we employed in situ extraction fermentation to successfully increase the production of β-caryophyllene by 20% to 5142 mg/L. CONCLUSION A new sesquiterpene synthase, TPS7, from tobacco was found to be able to produce β-caryophyllene with high efficiency. Based on this, an engineered E. coli was constructed to produce a much higher concentration of β-caryophyllene than the previous studies. During the fermentation process, we observed that β-caryophyllene tends to accumulate in intracellular space, which will eventually influence the activity of engineered E. coli. As a result, we solved this by metabolism regulation and in situ extractive fermentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Cheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Jing Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Qing Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Mo Xian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Rubing Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Based Materials, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Zhang J, Paladugu SR, Gillard RM, Sarkar A, Boger DL. Tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium Hexachloroantimonate-Mediated Intermolecular C(sp 2)-C(sp 3) Free Radical Coupling of Vindoline with β-Ketoesters and Related Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:495-502. [PMID: 34963278 PMCID: PMC8758398 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c10971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
A powerful tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachloroantimonate (BAHA) mediated regioselective intermolecular coupling reaction of vindoline with a wide range of substrates that include β-ketoesters, β-diketones, β-ketoaldehydes, β-ketonitriles, β-ketolactones, β-ketolactams, β-cyanoesters, and malononitriles is detailed. The BAHA-promoted intermolecular sp3/sp2 coupling, representing a special class of selective C-H functionalization reactions with direct carbon-carbon bond formation, proceeds with generation of a quaternary center bound to the aryl C15 center of vindoline capable of accommodating of the vinblastine C16' methyl ester and functionalized for subsequent divergent heterocycle introduction. A comprehensive examination of the reaction scope, optimization of subtle reaction parameters, and key insights into the reaction mechanism are described. Contrary to what might be prevailing expectations, studies suggest the plausible mechanism entails initial single-electron oxidation of the substrate enolate, not vindoline, and subsequent regiospecific addition of the resulting electrophilic radical to vindoline. As such and beyond the new arylation reaction with vindoline, the studies define a host of new, previously unrecognized, applications of BAHA and related triarylaminium radical cations that arises from their ability to generate stabilized electrophilic radicals from β-ketoesters and related substrates under nonreducing and metal-free conditions. Those exemplified herein include mediating stabilized enolate free radical arylation, dimerization, allylation, alkene addition, and α-oxidation reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rachel M. Gillard
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Anindya Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Abstract
Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus, family Apocynaceae) is a reservoir of more than 130 monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) including the famous anti-neoplastic dimeric MIAs vinblastine and vincristine, and anti-hypertensive monomeric MIAs ajmalicine and serpentine. Understanding the biosynthetic steps and regulatory factors leading to the formation of MIAs is crucial for rational engineering to achieve targeted enhancement of different MIAs. Due to its highly recalcitrant nature, C. roseus is considered genetically non-tractable for transformation at the whole-plant level. Though few reports have demonstrated tissue culture-mediated regeneration and transformation of C. roseus at whole-plant level recently, the efficiency and reproducibility of these protocols have been a major challenge. To overcome this, we have developed a tissue-culture-independent Agrobacterium-mediated in planta transformation method in C. roseus. Using this method, we were able to efficiently generate stable transgenic plants without relying on the cumbersome methods of tissue-culture regeneration and transformation. Moreover, the transformed plants obtained through this in planta method exhibited stability in subsequent generations. Our method is useful not only for the elucidation of biosynthetic and regulatory steps involved in MIA formation through transgenic plant approach but also for metabolic engineering at the whole-plant level in C. roseus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dikki Pedenla Bomzan
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - H B Shilpashree
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, India
| | - Dinesh A Nagegowda
- Molecular Plant Biology and Biotechnology Lab, CSIR-Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants, Research Centre, Bengaluru, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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8
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Abstract
This manuscript briefly overviewed the total synthesis and structure–activity relationship studies of eight classical natural products, which emphasizes the important role of total synthesis in natural product-based drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gen Li
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Mingliang Lou
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
| | - Xiangbing Qi
- National Institute of Biological Sciences (NIBS), 7 Science Park Road ZGC Life Science Park, Beijing 102206, China
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
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9
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Abstract
A selection of the established and recently characterized alkaloids from the exploration of plant- and some marine-associated endophytic fungi is reviewed, with reference to alkaloids of biological significance.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Geoffrey A Cordell
- Natural Products Inc., Evanston, Illinois 60202, United States
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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10
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Abstract
Biocatalysis has undergone a remarkable transition in the last two decades, from being considered a niche technology to playing a much more relevant role in organic synthesis today. Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics, and the decreasing costs for gene synthesis and sequencing contribute to the growing success of engineered biocatalysts in industrial applications. However, the incorporation of biocatalytic process steps in new or established manufacturing routes is not always straightforward. To realize the full synthetic potential of biocatalysis for the sustainable manufacture of chemical building blocks, it is therefore important to regularly analyze the success factors and existing hurdles for the implementation of enzymes in large scale small molecule synthesis. Building on our previous analysis of biocatalysis in the Swiss manufacturing environment, we present a follow-up study on how the industrial biocatalysis situation in Switzerland has evolved in the last four years. Considering the current industrial landscape, we record recent advances in biocatalysis in Switzerland as well as give suggestions where enzymatic transformations may be valuably employed to address some of the societal challenges we face today, particularly in the context of the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
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11
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Arafa AS, Ragab AE, Ibrahim ARS, Abdel-Mageed WS, Nasr ME. Cloning and Overexpression of Strictosidine β-D-Glucosidase Gene Short Sequence from Catharanthus roseus in Escherichia coli. Adv Pharm Bull 2019; 9:655-661. [PMID: 31857971 PMCID: PMC6912177 DOI: 10.15171/apb.2019.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2018] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose: Strictosidine-β-D-glucosidase (SGD) is considered as a key enzyme in the production of bisindole alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus. The present study illustrated the production of a short sequence of this enzyme in Escherichia coli without codon optimization. Methods: Strictosidine-β-D-glucosidase (sgd) gene short sequence (1434 bp), which lacks the conserved sequence KGFFVWS and the localization peptide sequence at the C-terminal, was amplified from cDNA of C. roseus leaves, cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli. The activity of the produced protein in cell free lysate was tested using total alkaloid extract of C. roseus leaves. Results: HPLC and LC-MS analysis of the assay mixture revealed the disappearance of the strictosidine peak. Conclusion: SGD short sequence can be produced in Escherichia coli in active form without codon optimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed Saeed Arafa
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, 31527
| | - Amany Elsayed Ragab
- Pharmacognosy Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt, 31527
| | | | - Wael Saad Abdel-Mageed
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt, 32897.,Genetics Department, Faculty of Agriculture, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef, Egypt, 62511
| | - Mahmoud Emam Nasr
- Molecular Biology Department, Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Institute, Sadat City University, Sadat City, Egypt, 32897
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12
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Boon BA, Boger DL. Triarylaminium Radical Cation Promoted Coupling of Catharanthine with Vindoline: Diastereospecific Synthesis of Anhydrovinblastine and Reaction Scope. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:14349-14355. [PMID: 31442047 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b06968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A new triarylaminium radical cation promoted coupling of catharanthine with vindoline is disclosed, enlisting tris(4-bromophenyl)aminium hexachlororantimonate (BAHA, 1.1 equiv) in aqueous 0.05 N HCl/trifluoroethanol (1-10:1) at room temperature (25 °C), that provides anhydrovinblastine in superb yield (85%) with complete control of the newly formed quaternary C16' stereochemistry. A definition of the scope of aromatic substrates that participate with catharanthine in the BAHA-mediated diastereoselective coupling reaction and simplified indole substrates other than catharanthine that participate in the reaction are disclosed that identify the key structural features required for participation in the reaction, providing a generalized indole functionalization reaction that bears little structural relationship to catharanthine or vindoline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byron A Boon
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute of Chemical Biology , Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road , La Jolla , California 92037 , United States
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13
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Kumar SR, Shilpashree HB, Nagegowda DA. Terpene Moiety Enhancement by Overexpression of Geranyl(geranyl) Diphosphate Synthase and Geraniol Synthase Elevates Monomeric and Dimeric Monoterpene Indole Alkaloids in Transgenic Catharanthus roseus. Front Plant Sci 2018; 9:942. [PMID: 30034406 PMCID: PMC6043680 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.00942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Catharanthus roseus is the sole source of two of the most important anticancer monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs), vinblastine and vincristine and their precursors, vindoline and catharanthine. The MIAs are produced from the condensation of precursors derived from indole and terpene secoiridoid pathways. It has been previously reported that the terpene moiety limits MIA biosynthesis in C. roseus. Here, to overcome this limitation and enhance MIAs levels in C. roseus, bifunctional geranyl(geranyl) diphosphate synthase [G(G)PPS] and geraniol synthase (GES) that provide precursors for early steps of terpene moiety (secologanin) formation, were overexpressed transiently by agroinfiltration and stably by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Both transient and stable overexpression of G(G)PPS and co-expression of G(G)PPS+GES significantly enhanced the accumulation of secologanin, which in turn elevated the levels of monomeric MIAs. In addition, transgenic C. roseus plants exhibited increased levels of root alkaloid ajmalicine. The dimeric alkaloid vinblastine was enhanced only in G(G)PPS but not in G(G)PPS+GES transgenic lines that correlated with transcript levels of peroxidase-1 (PRX1) involved in coupling of vindoline and catharanthine into 3',4'-anhydrovinblastine, the immediate precursor of vinblastine. Moreover, first generation (T1) lines exhibited comparable transcript and metabolite levels to that of T0 lines. In addition, transgenic lines displayed normal growth similar to wild-type plants indicating that the bifunctional G(G)PPS enhanced flux toward both primary and secondary metabolism. These results revealed that improved availability of early precursors for terpene moiety biosynthesis enhanced production of MIAs in C. roseus at the whole plant level. This is the first report demonstrating enhanced accumulation of monomeric and dimeric MIAs including root MIA ajmalicine in C. roseus through transgenic approaches.
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14
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Hill DA, Leahy AB, Sciasci J, O’Neill SP, Reilly A, Balamuth N, Seeholzer SH, Spergel JM, Brown-Whitehorn TF. Medication contaminants as a potential cause of anaphylaxis to vincristine. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:10.1002/pbc.26761. [PMID: 28834048 PMCID: PMC5978699 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.26761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Vincristine (VCR) is a vinca alkaloid and common chemotherapeutic that is used to treat multiple pediatric and adult malignancies. Despite its common use, cases of anaphylaxis to VCR are rare and typically isolated to a single individual. We report a series of eight patients with adverse reactions to VCR over the course of 11 months at a single institution, four of which progressed to anaphylaxis and one of which resulted in cardiac arrest. Mass spectrometry analysis of medication lots was performed to test for possible contaminant(s). Our findings highlight the risk of anaphylaxis during therapy with VCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- David A. Hill
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Allison Barz Leahy
- Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Joseph Sciasci
- Department of Pharmacy, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Sean P. O’Neill
- Office of Safety and Medical Operations, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia,
PA, USA
| | - Anne Reilly
- Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi Balamuth
- Division of Oncology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Steven H. Seeholzer
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia, Perelman School of
Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jonathan M. Spergel
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA,Institute for Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Terri F. Brown-Whitehorn
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA,
USA
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15
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Wang N, Liu J, Wang C, Bai L, Jiang X. Asymmetric Total Syntheses of (−)-Jerantinines A, C, and E, (−)-16-Methoxytabersonine, (−)-Vindoline, and (+)-Vinblastine. Org Lett 2017; 20:292-295. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nengzhong Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Jianrong Liu
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Chen Wang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Leiyang Bai
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
| | - Xuefeng Jiang
- Shanghai
Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Process, School of
Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, East China Normal University, 3663 North Zhongshan Road, Shanghai 200062, P. R. China
- State
Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of
Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 345 Lingling Road, Shanghai 200032, P. R. China
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16
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Yu YJ, Zhang FL, Cheng J, Hei JH, Deng WT, Wang YF. Lewis Base–Boryl Radicals Enabled the Desulfurizative Reduction and Annulation of Thioamides. Org Lett 2017; 20:24-27. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- You-Jie Yu
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Feng-Lian Zhang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jie Cheng
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Jing-Hao Hei
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Wei-Ting Deng
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Yi-Feng Wang
- Hefei National Laboratory
for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
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17
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Abstract
A Perspective of work in our laboratory on the examination of biologically active compounds, especially natural products, is presented. In the context of individual programs and along with a summary of our work, selected cases are presented that illustrate the impact single atom changes can have on the biological properties of the compounds. The examples were chosen to highlight single heavy atom changes that improve activity, rather than those that involve informative alterations that reduce or abolish activity. The examples were also chosen to illustrate that the impact of such single-atom changes can originate from steric, electronic, conformational, or H-bonding effects, from changes in functional reactivity, from fundamental intermolecular interactions with a biological target, from introduction of a new or altered functionalization site, or from features as simple as improvements in stability or physical properties. Nearly all the examples highlighted represent not only unusual instances of productive deep-seated natural product modifications and were introduced through total synthesis but are also remarkable in that they are derived from only a single heavy atom change in the structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Research Institute, The Scripps
Research Institute, 10550
North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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18
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Lone MY, Athar M, Manhas A, Jha PC, Bhatt S, Shah A. In Silico Exploration of Vinca Domain Tubulin Inhibitors: A Combination of 3D-QSAR-Based Pharmacophore Modeling, Docking and Molecular Dynamics Simulations. ChemistrySelect 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201701971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mohsin Y. Lone
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Mohd Athar
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Anu Manhas
- School of Chemical Sciences; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Prakash C. Jha
- Centre for Applied Chemistry; Central University of Gujarat; Gandhinagar- 382030, Gujarat India
| | - Shruti Bhatt
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Department of Chemistry; Saurashtra University; Rajkot- 360005, Gujarat India
| | - Anamik Shah
- National Facility for Drug Discovery Complex, Department of Chemistry; Saurashtra University; Rajkot- 360005, Gujarat India
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19
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Maqsood M, Abdul M. Yeast extract elicitation increases vinblastine and vincristine yield in protoplast derived tissues and plantlets in Catharanthus roseus. Revista Brasileira de Farmacognosia 2017; 27:549-56. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjp.2017.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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20
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Lukesh JC, Carney DW, Dong H, Cross RM, Shukla V, Duncan KK, Yang S, Brody DM, Brütsch MM, Radakovic A, Boger DL. Vinblastine 20' Amides: Synthetic Analogues That Maintain or Improve Potency and Simultaneously Overcome Pgp-Derived Efflux and Resistance. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7591-7604. [PMID: 28857558 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A series of 180 vinblastine 20' amides were prepared in three steps from commercially available starting materials, systematically exploring a typically inaccessible site in the molecule enlisting a powerful functionalization strategy. Clear structure-activity relationships and a structural model were developed in the studies which provided many such 20' amides that exhibit substantial and some even remarkable enhancements in potency, many that exhibit further improvements in activity against a Pgp overexpressing resistant cancer cell line, and an important subset of the vinblastine analogues that display little or no differential in activity against a matched pair of vinblastine sensitive and resistant (Pgp overexpressing) cell lines. The improvements in potency directly correlated with target tubulin binding affinity, and the reduction in differential functional activity against the sensitive and Pgp overexpressing resistant cell lines was found to correlate directly with an impact on Pgp-derived efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Lukesh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel W Carney
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Huijun Dong
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - R Matthew Cross
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vyom Shukla
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katharine K Duncan
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Shouliang Yang
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Daniel M Brody
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Manuela M Brütsch
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Aleksandar Radakovic
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute , 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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21
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Lofstrand VA, Matsuura BS, Furst L, Narayanam JMR, Stephenson CRJ. Formation and Trapping of Azafulvene Intermediates Derived from Manganese-Mediated Oxidative Malonate Coupling. Tetrahedron 2016; 72:3775-3780. [PMID: 27551160 DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2016.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The one-pot, three-component, coupling reaction of indoles/pyrroles, dimethyl malonate, and acetic acid was performed using Mn(III) acetate as an oxidant. In the presence of Mn(OAc)3, indole-2, and indole-3-carbonyl compounds were alkylated at the 3- and 2- positions, respectively, with subsequent oxidation and nucleophilic capture occurring at the newly formed benzylic carbon. In contrast, oxidation of 2- and 3-indole carboxylic acids afforded the corresponding 2-oxindol-3-ylidenes and 3-oxindol-2-ylidenes. The reaction conditions, scope, and mechanism are discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Verner A Lofstrand
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Bryan S Matsuura
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Laura Furst
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Jagan M R Narayanam
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
| | - Corey R J Stephenson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Michigan, 930 N. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA
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22
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White LV, Banwell MG. Conversion of the Enzymatically Derived (1S,2S)-3-Bromocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol into Enantiomerically Pure Compounds Embodying the Pentacyclic Framework of Vindoline. J Org Chem 2016; 81:1617-26. [PMID: 26788805 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b02788] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enzymatically derived and enantiomerically pure (1S,2S)-3-bromocyclohexa-3,5-diene-1,2-diol (7) has been elaborated over 17 steps into compounds 8 and 32, each of which embodies the pentacyclic framework and much of the functionality associated with the alkaloid vindoline (3). This work sets the stage for effecting the conversion of the related metabolite (1S,6R)-5-ethyl-1,6-dihydroxycyclohexa-2,4-diene-1-carboxylic acid (4) into compound 3, the latter being a biogenetic precursor to the clinically significant anticancer agents vinblastine and vincristine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorenzo V White
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Martin G Banwell
- Research School of Chemistry, Institute of Advanced Studies, The Australian National University , Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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23
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Kellner F, Geu-Flores F, Sherden NH, Brown S, Foureau E, Courdavault V, O'Connor SE. Discovery of a P450-catalyzed step in vindoline biosynthesis: a link between the aspidosperma and eburnamine alkaloids. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 51:7626-8. [PMID: 25850027 DOI: 10.1039/c5cc01309g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Here we report the discovery of a cytochrome P450 that is required for the biosynthesis of vindoline, a plant-derived natural product used for semi-synthesis of several anti-cancer drugs. This enzyme catalyzes the formation of an epoxide that can undergo rearrangement to yield the vincamine-eburnamine backbone, thereby providing evidence for the long-standing hypothesis that the aspidosperma- and eburnamine-type alkaloids are biosynthetically related.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Kellner
- Department of Biological Chemistry, The John Innes Centre, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
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24
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Abstract
Monoterpene indole alkaloids (MIAs) have important therapeutic value, including as anticancer and antimalarial agents. Because of their chemical complexity, therapeutic MIAs, or advanced intermediates thereof, are often isolated from the native plants. The microbial synthesis of MIAs would allow for the rapid and scalable production of complex MIAs and MIA analogues for therapeutic use. Here, we produce the modified MIA hydroxystrictosidine from glucose and the monoterpene secologanin via a pterin-dependent mono-oxidation strategy. Specifically, we engineered the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae for the high-level synthesis of tetrahydrobiopterin to mono-oxidize tryptophan to 5-hydroxytryptophan, which, after decarboxylation to serotonin, is coupled to exogenously fed secologanin to produce 10-hydroxystrictosidine in an eight-enzyme pathway. We selected hydroxystrictosidine as our synthetic target because hydroxylation at the 10' position of the alkaloid core strictosidine provides a chemical handle for the future chemical semisynthesis of therapeutics. We show the generality of the pterin-dependent mono-oxidation strategy for alkaloid synthesis by hydroxylating tyrosine to L-DOPA-a key intermediate in benzylisoquinoline alkaloid (BIA) biosynthesis-and, thereafter, further converting it to dopamine. Together, these results present the first microbial synthesis of a modified alkaloid, the first production of tetrahydrobiopterin in yeast, and the first use of a pterin-dependent mono-oxidation strategy for the synthesis of L-DOPA. This work opens the door to the scalable production of MIAs as well as the production of modified MIAs to serve as late intermediates in the semisynthesis of known and novel therapeutics. Further, the microbial strains in this work can be used as plant pathway discovery tools to elucidate known MIA biosynthetic pathways or to identify pathways leading to novel MIAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. M. Ehrenworth
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡School of Chemical
and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - S. Sarria
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡School of Chemical
and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - P. Peralta-Yahya
- School of Chemistry and Biochemistry, and ‡School of Chemical
and Biomolecular
Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
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25
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Sears JE, Boger DL. Total synthesis of vinblastine, related natural products, and key analogues and development of inspired methodology suitable for the systematic study of their structure-function properties. Acc Chem Res 2015; 48:653-62. [PMID: 25586069 PMCID: PMC4363169 DOI: 10.1021/ar500400w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Biologically active natural products composed of fascinatingly complex structures are often regarded as not amenable to traditional systematic structure-function studies enlisted in medicinal chemistry for the optimization of their properties beyond what might be accomplished by semisynthetic modification. Herein, we summarize our recent studies on the Vinca alkaloids vinblastine and vincristine, often considered as prototypical members of such natural products, that not only inspired the development of powerful new synthetic methodology designed to expedite their total synthesis but have subsequently led to the discovery of several distinct classes of new, more potent, and previously inaccessible analogues. With use of the newly developed methodology and in addition to ongoing efforts to systematically define the importance of each embedded structural feature of vinblastine, two classes of analogues already have been discovered that enhance the potency of the natural products >10-fold. In one instance, remarkable progress has also been made on the refractory problem of reducing Pgp transport responsible for clinical resistance with a series of derivatives made accessible only using the newly developed synthetic methodology. Unlike the removal of vinblastine structural features or substituents, which typically has a detrimental impact, the additions of new structural features have been found that can enhance target tubulin binding affinity and functional activity while simultaneously disrupting Pgp binding, transport, and functional resistance. Already analogues are in hand that are deserving of full preclinical development, and it is a tribute to the advances in organic synthesis that they are readily accessible even on a natural product of a complexity once thought refractory to such an approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin E. Sears
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 N. Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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26
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Brown S, Clastre M, Courdavault V, O'Connor SE. De novo production of the plant-derived alkaloid strictosidine in yeast. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2015; 112:3205-10. [PMID: 25675512 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1423555112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 289] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The monoterpene indole alkaloids are a large group of plant-derived specialized metabolites, many of which have valuable pharmaceutical or biological activity. There are ∼3,000 monoterpene indole alkaloids produced by thousands of plant species in numerous families. The diverse chemical structures found in this metabolite class originate from strictosidine, which is the last common biosynthetic intermediate for all monoterpene indole alkaloid enzymatic pathways. Reconstitution of biosynthetic pathways in a heterologous host is a promising strategy for rapid and inexpensive production of complex molecules that are found in plants. Here, we demonstrate how strictosidine can be produced de novo in a Saccharomyces cerevisiae host from 14 known monoterpene indole alkaloid pathway genes, along with an additional seven genes and three gene deletions that enhance secondary metabolism. This system provides an important resource for developing the production of more complex plant-derived alkaloids, engineering of nonnatural derivatives, identification of bottlenecks in monoterpene indole alkaloid biosynthesis, and discovery of new pathway genes in a convenient yeast host.
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27
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Dai Z, Liu Y, Guo J, Huang L, Zhang X. Yeast synthetic biology for high-value metabolites. FEMS Yeast Res 2014; 15:1-11. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Zhubo Dai
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin China
| | - Yi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin China
| | - Juan Guo
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Luqi Huang
- National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica; China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences; Beijing China
| | - Xueli Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Systems Microbial Biotechnology; Tianjin Institute of Industrial Biotechnology; Chinese Academy of Sciences; Tianjin China
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28
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Barker TJ, Duncan KK, Otrubova K, Boger DL. Potent Vinblastine C20' Ureas Displaying Additionally Improved Activity Against a Vinblastine-Resistant Cancer Cell Line. ACS Med Chem Lett 2013; 4. [PMID: 24223237 DOI: 10.1021/ml400281w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of disubstituted C20'-urea derivatives of vinblastine were prepared from 20'-aminovinblastine that was made accessible through a unique Fe(III)/NaBH4- mediated alkene functionalization reaction of anhydrovinblastine. Three analogs were examined across a panel of 15 human tumor cell lines, displaying remarkably potent cell growth inhibition activity (avg. IC50 = 200-300 pM), being 10-200-fold more potent than vinblastine (avg. IC50 = 6.1 nM). Significantly, the analogs also display further improved activity against the vinblastine-resistant HCT116/VM46 cell line that bears the clinically relevant overexpression of Pgp, exhibiting IC50 values on par with that of vinblastine against the sensitive HCT116 cell line, 100-200-fold greater than the activity of vinblastine against the resistant HCT116/VM46 cell line, and display a reduced 10-20-fold activity differential between the matched sensitive and resistant cell lines (vs 100-fold for vinblastine).
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy J. Barker
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katharine K. Duncan
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Katerina Otrubova
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department
of Chemistry and
The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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29
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Liu H, Zheng K, Lu X, Wang X, Hong R. Study on the total synthesis of velbanamine: Chemoselective dioxygenation of alkenes with PIFA via a stop-and-flow strategy. Beilstein J Org Chem 2013; 9:983-90. [PMID: 23766815 PMCID: PMC3678578 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.9.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A "stop-and-flow" strategy was developed for the chemoselective dioxygenation of alkenes with a PIFA-initiated cyclization. This method is conceived for the desymmetrization of seco-diene, and a series of substituted 5-hydroxymethyl-γ-lactones were constructed after hydrolysis. This strategy also differentiates terminally substituted alkenes and constitutes a potentially novel synthetic approach for the efficient synthesis toward velbanamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhengjiang 321004, China
| | - Kuan Zheng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiang Lu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiaoxia Wang
- College of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhengjiang 321004, China
| | - Ran Hong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Synthetic Chemistry of Natural Substances, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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30
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Kumar A, Ahmad A. Biotransformation of vinblastine to vincristine by the endophytic fungusFusarium oxysporumisolated fromCatharanthus roseus. BIOCATAL BIOTRANSFOR 2013. [DOI: 10.3109/10242422.2013.776544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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31
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Schleicher KD, Sasaki Y, Tam A, Kato D, Duncan KK, Boger DL. Total synthesis and evaluation of vinblastine analogues containing systematic deep-seated modifications in the vindoline subunit ring system: core redesign. J Med Chem 2013; 56:483-95. [PMID: 23252481 DOI: 10.1021/jm3014376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of a systematic series of vinblastine analogues that contain deep-seated structural modifications to the core ring system of the lower vindoline subunit is described. Complementary to the vindoline 6,5 DE ring system, compounds with 5,5, 6,6, and the reversed 5,6 membered DE ring systems were prepared. Both the natural cis and unnatural trans 6,6-membered ring systems proved accessible, with the latter representing a surprisingly effective class for analogue design. Following Fe(III)-promoted coupling with catharanthine and in situ oxidation to provide the corresponding vinblastine analogues, their evaluation provided unanticipated insights into how the structure of the vindoline subunit contributes to activity. Two potent analogues (81 and 44) possessing two different unprecedented modifications to the vindoline subunit core architecture were discovered that matched the potency of the comparison natural products and both lack the 6,7-double bond whose removal in vinblastine leads to a 100-fold drop in activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin D Schleicher
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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32
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Giovanelli E, Moisan L, Comesse S, Leroux S, Rousseau B, Hellier P, Nicolas M, Doris E. Synthesis of fluorinated catharanthine analogues and investigation of their biomimetic coupling with vindoline. Org Biomol Chem 2013; 11:5885-91. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ob41170b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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33
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Leggans EK, Duncan KK, Barker TJ, Schleicher KD, Boger DL. A remarkable series of vinblastine analogues displaying enhanced activity and an unprecedented tubulin binding steric tolerance: C20' urea derivatives. J Med Chem 2012; 56:628-39. [PMID: 23244701 DOI: 10.1021/jm3015684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A systematic series of previously inaccessible key C20' urea and thiourea derivatives of vinblastine were prepared from 20'-aminovinblastine that was made accessible through a unique Fe(III)/NaBH(4)-mediated alkene functionalization reaction of anhydrovinblastine. Their examination defined key structural features of the urea-based analogues that contribute to their properties and provided derivatives that match or exceed the potency of vinblastine by as much as 10-fold in cell-based functional assays, which is directly related to their relative tubulin binding affinity. In contrast to expectations based on apparent steric constraints of the tubulin binding site surrounding the vinblastine C20' center depicted in an X-ray cocrystal structure, remarkably large C20' urea derivatives are accommodated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick K Leggans
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Mortensen MA, Guo C, Reynolds NT, Wang L, Helle MA, Keefe DK, Haney BP, Paul BJ, Bruzinski PR, Wolf MA, Malinowski NL, Yang Q. Process Development, Impurity Control, and Production of a Novel Tubulin Inhibitor. Org Process Res Dev 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/op3002307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mark A. Mortensen
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Cheng Guo
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Nathan T. Reynolds
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Lingling Wang
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Mark A. Helle
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Daniel K. Keefe
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Brian P. Haney
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Bernard J. Paul
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Paul R. Bruzinski
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Mark A. Wolf
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Nicole L. Malinowski
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
| | - Qiang Yang
- Chemical
Development, AMRI, 21 Corporate
Circle, Albany, New York 12203, United States
- Discovery R&D, AMRI, 30 Corporate Circle, Albany, New York, 12203, United States
- Developmental
Manufacturing, AMRI, 33 Riverside
Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
- Pharmaceutical
and Quality Services, AMRI, 33 Riverside Avenue, Rensselaer, New York 12144, United States
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Gotoh H, Sears JE, Eschenmoser A, Boger DL. New insights into the mechanism and an expanded scope of the Fe(III)-mediated vinblastine coupling reaction. J Am Chem Soc 2012; 134:13240-3. [PMID: 22856867 DOI: 10.1021/ja306229x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A definition of the scope of aromatic substrates that participate with catharanthine in an Fe(III)-mediated coupling reaction, an examination of the key structural features of catharanthine required for participation in the reaction, and the development of a generalized indole functionalization reaction that bears little structural relationship to catharanthine itself are detailed. In addition to providing insights into the mechanism of the Fe(III)-mediated coupling reaction of catharanthine with vindoline suggesting the reaction conducted in acidic aqueous buffer may be radical mediated, the studies provide new opportunities for the preparation of previously inaccessible vinblastine analogs and define powerful new methodology for the synthesis of indole-containing natural and unnatural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Zurbriggen MD, Moor A, Weber W. Plant and bacterial systems biology as platform for plant synthetic bio(techno)logy. J Biotechnol 2012; 160:80-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2012.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2011] [Revised: 01/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Sharma V, Chaudhary S, Srivastava S, Pandey R, Kumar S. Characterization of variation and quantitative trait loci related to terpenoid indole alkaloid yield in a recombinant inbred line mapping population of Catharanthus roseus. J Genet 2012; 91:49-69. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-012-0150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Sharma V, Chaudhary S, Srivastava S, Pandey R, Kumar S. Characterization of variation and quantitative trait loci related to terpenoid indole alkaloid yield in a recombinant inbred line mapping population of Catharanthus roseus. J Genet 2012; 91:49-69. [PMID: 22546825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Improved Catharanthus roseus cultivars are required for high yields of vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine and/or serpentine and ajmalicine, the pharmaceutical terpenoid indole alkaloids. An approach to derive them is to map QTL for terpenoid indole alkaloids yields, identify DNA markers tightly linked to the QTL and apply marker assisted selection. Towards the end, 197 recombinant inbred lines from a cross were grown over two seasons to characterize variability for seven biomass and 23 terpenoid indole alkaloids content-traits and yield-traits. The recombinant inbred lines were genotyped for 178 DNA markers which formed a framework genetic map of eight linkage groups (LG), spanning 1786.5 cM, with 10.0 cM average intermarker distance. Estimates of correlations between traits allowed selection of seven relatively more important traits for terpenoid indole alkaloids yields. QTL analysis was performed on them using single marker (regression) analysis, simple interval mapping and composite interval mapping procedures. A total of 20 QTL were detected on five of eight LG, 10 for five traits on LG1, five for four traits on LG2, three for one trait on LG3 and one each for different traits on LG three and four. QTL for the same or different traits were found clustered on three LG. Co-location of two QTL for biomass traits was in accord of correlation between them. The QTL were validated for use in marker assisted selection by the recombinant inbred line which transgressively expressed 16 traits contributory to the yield vinblastine, vindoline and catharanthine from leaves and roots that possessed favourable alleles of 13 relevant QTL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vishakha Sharma
- Genetical Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research, Aruna Asaf Ali Marg, New Delhi 110 067, India
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Abstract
The manipulation of pathways to make unnatural variants of natural compounds, a process often termed combinatorial biosynthesis, has been robustly successful in prokaryotic systems. The development of approaches to generate new-to-nature compounds from plant-based pathways is, in comparison, much less advanced. Success will depend on the specific chemistry of the pathway, as well as on the suitability of the plant system for transformation and genetic manipulation. As plant pathways are elucidated, and can be heterologously expressed in hosts that are more amenable to genetic manipulation, biosynthetic production of new-to-nature compounds from plant pathways will become more widespread. In this chapter, some of the key strategies that have been developed for metabolic engineering of plant pathways, namely directed biosynthesis, mutasynthesis, and pathway incorporation of engineered enzymes are highlighted. The iridoid-derived monoterpene indole alkaloids from C. roseus, which are the focus of this chapter, provide an excellent system for developing these strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E O'Connor
- John Innes Centre, Department of Biological Chemistry, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom. sarah.o'
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Gotoh H, Duncan KK, Robertson WM, Boger DL. 10'-Fluorovinblastine and 10'-Fluorovincristine: Synthesis of a Key Series of Modified Vinca Alkaloids. ACS Med Chem Lett 2011; 2:948-952. [PMID: 22247789 DOI: 10.1021/ml200236a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
A study on the impact of catharanthine C10 and C12 indole substituents on the biomimetic Fe(III)-mediated coupling with vindoline led to the discovery and characterization of two new and substantially more potent derivatives, 10'-fluorovinblastine and 10'-fluorovincristine. In addition to defining a pronounced and unanticipated substituent effect on the biomimetic coupling, fluorine substitution at C10', which minimally alters the natural products, was found to uniquely enhance the activity 8-fold against both sensitive (IC(50) = 800 pM, HCT116) and vinblastine-resistant tumor cell lines (IC(50) = 80 nM, HCT166/VM46). As depicted in the X-ray structure of vinblastine bound to tubulin, this site resides at one end of the upper portion of the T-shaped conformation of the tubulin-bound molecule, suggesting the 10'-fluorine substituent makes critical contacts with the protein at a hydrophobic site uniquely sensitive to steric interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Katharine K. Duncan
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - William M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry
and The Skaggs Institute for
Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037, United
States
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Giovanelli E, Leroux S, Moisan L, Carreyre H, Thuéry P, Buisson DA, Meddour A, Coustard JM, Thibaudeau S, Rousseau B, Nicolas M, Hellier P, Doris E. On the elucidation of the mechanism of Vinca alkaloid fluorination in superacidic medium. Org Lett 2011; 13:4116-9. [PMID: 21732596 DOI: 10.1021/ol201637m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Detailed investigations on one of the key steps of the superacidic fluorination of Vinca alkaloids that is the origin of C20' activation are reported. While two different pathways can be envisioned for the emergence of the transient secondary carbocationic intermediate, isotopic labeling experiments unambiguously revealed the involvement of a 1,2-hydride shift mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emerson Giovanelli
- CEA, iBiTecS, Service de Chimie Bioorganique et de Marquage, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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Tam A, Gotoh H, Robertson WM, Boger DL. Catharanthine C16 substituent effects on the biomimetic coupling with vindoline: preparation and evaluation of a key series of vinblastine analogues. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2010; 20:6408-10. [PMID: 20932748 PMCID: PMC2957881 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2010.09.091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The examination of the catharanthine C16 substituent effects on the Fe(III)-promoted biomimetic coupling reaction with vindoline is detailed, confirming the importance of the presence of a C16 electron-withdrawing substituent, and establishing an unanticipated unique role (>10-fold) that the C16 methyl ester plays in the expression of the natural product properties. Thus, replacement of the vinblastine C16' methyl ester with an ethyl ester (10-fold), a cyano group (100-fold), an aldehyde (100-fold), a hydroxymethyl group (1000-fold) or a primary carboxamide (>1000-fold) led to surprisingly large reductions in cytotoxic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annie Tam
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Hiroaki Gotoh
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - William M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Liscombe DK, Usera AR, O'Connor SE. Homolog of tocopherol C methyltransferases catalyzes N methylation in anticancer alkaloid biosynthesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 107:18793-8. [PMID: 20956330 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1009003107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Madagascar periwinkle (Catharanthus roseus) is the sole source of the anticancer drugs vinblastine and vincristine, bisindole alkaloids derived from the dimerization of the terpenoid indole alkaloids vindoline and catharanthine. Full elucidation of the biosynthetic pathways of these compounds is a prerequisite for metabolic engineering efforts that will improve production of these costly molecules. However, despite the medical and commercial importance of these natural products, the biosynthetic pathways remain poorly understood. Here we report the identification and characterization of a C. roseus cDNA encoding an S-adenosyl-L-methionine-dependent N methyltransferase that catalyzes a nitrogen methylation involved in vindoline biosynthesis. Recombinant enzyme produced in Escherichia coli is highly substrate specific, displaying a strict requirement for a 2,3-dihydro bond in the aspidosperma skeleton. The corresponding gene transcript is induced in methyl jasmonate-elicited seedlings, along with the other known vindoline biosynthetic transcripts. Intriguingly, this unique N methyltransferase is most similar at the amino acid level to the plastidic γ-tocopherol C methyltransferases of vitamin E biosynthesis, suggesting an evolutionary link between these two functionally disparate methyltransferases.
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Abstract
Concise asymmetric total syntheses of vindoline (1) and vindorosine (2) are detailed based on a unique intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles inspired by the natural product structures. A chiral substituent on the tether linking the dienophile and oxadiazole was used to control the facial selectivity of the initiating Diels-Alder reaction and set the absolute stereochemistry of the remaining six stereocenters in the cascade cycloadduct. This key reaction introduced three rings and four C-C bonds central to the pentacyclic ring system setting all six stereocenters and introducing essentially all the functionality found in the natural products in a single step. Implementation of the approach for the synthesis of 1 and 2 required the development of a ring expansion reaction to provide a 6-membered ring suitably functionalized for introduction of the Δ(6,7)-double bond found in the core structure of the natural products. Two unique approaches were developed that defined our use of a protected hydroxymethyl group as the substituent that controls the stereochemical course of the cycloaddition cascade. In the course of these studies, several analogues of vindoline were prepared containing deep-seated structural changes presently accessible only by total synthesis. These analogues, bearing key modifications at C6-C8, were incorporated into vinblastine analogues and used to probe the unusual importance (100-fold) and define the potential role of the vinblastine Δ(6,7)-double bond.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and The Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, California 92037
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Abstract
A remarkably concise seven- to eight-step total synthesis of a systematic series of key vinblastine derivatives is detailed and used to characterize the importance and probe the role of the C5 ethyl substituent (R = H, Me, Pr, CH=CH(2), C[triple bond]CH, CH(2)OH, and CHO vs Et). The analogues, which bear deep-seated structural changes accessible only by total synthesis, were prepared using a powerful intramolecular [4 + 2]/[3 + 2] cycloaddition cascade of 1,3,4-oxadiazoles ideally suited for use in the assemblage of the vindoline-derived lower subunit followed by their incorporation into the vinblastine analogues through the use of a single-step biomimetic coupling with catharanthine. The evaluation of the series revealed that the tubulin binding site surrounding this C5 substituent is exquisitely sensitive to the presence (Et > H, 10-fold), size (Me < or = Et > Pr, 10-fold), shape (Et > CH=CH(2) and C[triple bond]CH, > 4-fold), and polarity (Et > CHO > CH(2)OH, >10-20-fold) of this substituent and that on selected occasions only a C5 methyl group may provide analogues that approach the activity observed with the naturally occurring C5 ethyl group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Porino Va
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
| | - Erica L. Campbell
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
| | - William M. Robertson
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
| | - Dale L. Boger
- Department of Chemistry and the Skaggs Institute for Chemical Biology,
The Scripps Research Institute, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla,
California 92037
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Shukla AK, Shasany AK, Verma RK, Gupta MM, Mathur AK, Khanuja SPS. Influence of cellular differentiation and elicitation on intermediate and late steps of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis in Catharanthus roseus. Protoplasma 2010; 242:35-47. [PMID: 20217156 DOI: 10.1007/s00709-010-0120-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 02/05/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The invaluable antineoplastic bisindole alkaloids of Catharanthus roseus and their precursor, vindoline, are not produced in cell cultures. The intricacies involved in endogenous (cellular differentiation) and exogenous (elicitation) regulation of their biosynthesis need to be dissected out for favorable exploitation. This study aimed at elucidating the effect of Pythium aphanidermatum homogenate and methyl jasmonate (MeJa) on in vitro cultures (of cv. 'Dhawal') representing increasing level of differentiation (suspension < callus < shoots) in terms of alkaloid accumulation and transcript abundance of strictosidine beta-D: -glucosidase (SGD) and acetyl-CoA: 4-O-deacetylvindoline 4-O-acetyl-transferase (DAT) genes, representing intermediate and late steps, respectively, of terpenoid indole alkaloid biosynthesis. Elicitation of suspension cultures caused transcriptional upregulation of SGD and enhanced the accumulation of total alkaloids but did not produce vindoline as DAT transcripts were always found to be absent in suspension-cultured cells. Vindoline was also not detected in unelicited and MeJa-treated callus but appeared upon elicitation with fungal homogenate for 24 h that coincided with maximal DAT transcription. Transcript levels of both genes increased upon elicitation of callus but remained below levels present in the mature plant leaf. Elicitation caused appearance of vindoline in shoots and increased the transcript abundance of both genes beyond levels observed in the mature plant leaf. Differentiation was essential for expression of DAT but not SGD, and vindoline biosynthetic potential increased with it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh K Shukla
- Genetic Resources and Biotechnology Division, Central Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants (CSIR), P.O. CIMAP, Lucknow, 226015, India
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