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Rudolf J, Tomovicova L, Panzarova K, Fajkus J, Hejatko J, Skalak J. Epigenetics and plant hormone dynamics: a functional and methodological perspective. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:5267-5294. [PMID: 38373206 PMCID: PMC11389840 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/21/2024]
Abstract
Plant hormones, pivotal regulators of plant growth, development, and response to environmental cues, have recently emerged as central modulators of epigenetic processes governing gene expression and phenotypic plasticity. This review addresses the complex interplay between plant hormones and epigenetic mechanisms, highlighting the diverse methodologies that have been harnessed to decipher these intricate relationships. We present a comprehensive overview to understand how phytohormones orchestrate epigenetic modifications, shaping plant adaptation and survival strategies. Conversely, we explore how epigenetic regulators ensure hormonal balance and regulate the signalling pathways of key plant hormones. Furthermore, our investigation includes a search for novel genes that are regulated by plant hormones under the control of epigenetic processes. Our review offers a contemporary overview of the epigenetic-plant hormone crosstalk, emphasizing its significance in plant growth, development, and potential agronomical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiri Rudolf
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Tomovicova
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Klara Panzarova
- Photon Systems Instruments, Prumyslova 470, CZ-664 24 Drasov, Czech Republic
| | - Jiri Fajkus
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Radiobiology, Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, CZ-61265 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Hejatko
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Skalak
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, CEITEC - Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
- National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 753/5, CZ-62500 Brno, Czech Republic
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Dard A, Van Breusegem F, Mhamdi A. Redox regulation of gene expression: proteomics reveals multiple previously undescribed redox-sensitive cysteines in transcription complexes and chromatin modifiers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4476-4493. [PMID: 38642390 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Redox signalling is crucial for regulating plant development and adaptation to environmental changes. Proteins with redox-sensitive cysteines can sense oxidative stress and modulate their functions. Recent proteomics efforts have comprehensively mapped the proteins targeted by oxidative modifications. The nucleus, the epicentre of transcriptional reprogramming, contains a large number of proteins that control gene expression. Specific redox-sensitive transcription factors have long been recognized as key players in decoding redox signals in the nucleus and thus in regulating transcriptional responses. Consequently, the redox regulation of the nuclear transcription machinery and its cofactors has received less attention. In this review, we screened proteomic datasets for redox-sensitive cysteines on proteins of the core transcription complexes and chromatin modifiers in Arabidopsis thaliana. Our analysis indicates that redox regulation affects every step of gene transcription, from initiation to elongation and termination. We report previously undescribed redox-sensitive subunits in transcription complexes and discuss the emerging challenges in unravelling the landscape of redox-regulated processes involved in nuclear gene transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Avilien Dard
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Gent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Gent, Belgium
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Guo Y, You Y, Chen F, Liao Y. Identification of the histone acetyltransferase gene family in the Artemisia annua genome. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1389958. [PMID: 39114468 PMCID: PMC11303224 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1389958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/24/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024]
Abstract
As the most effective therapeutic drug for malaria, artemisinin can only be extracted from Artemisia annua L., which is sensitive to the surrounding growing habitat. Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) contain acetyl groups, which modulate mRNA transcription and thereby regulate plant environmental adaptation. Comprehensive analyses of HATs have been performed in many plants, but systematic identification of HATs in medicinal plants is lacking. In the present study, we identified 11 AaHATs and characterized these genes into four classes according to their conserved protein structures. According to the phylogenetic analysis results, potential functions of HAT genes from Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, and A. annua were found. According to our results, AaHAT has a highly conserved evolutionary history and is rich in highly variable regions; thus, AaHAT has become a comparatively ideal object of medical plant identification and systematic study. Moreover, motifs commonly present in histone acetyltransferases in the A. annua genome may be associated with functional AaHATs. AaHATs appear to be related to gene-specific functions. AaHATs are regulated by cis-elements, and these genes may affect phytohormone responsiveness, adaptability to stress, and developmental growth. We performed expression analyses to determine the potential roles of AaHATs in response to three environmental stresses. Our results revealed a cluster of AaHATs that potentially plays a role in the response of plants to dynamic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yong Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, Second Clinical Medical College, China Three Gorges University, Yichang, Hubei, China
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Wu Y, Sun R, Huan T, Zhao Y, Yu D, Sun Y. An insight into the gene expression evolution in Gossypium species based on the leaf transcriptomes. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:179. [PMID: 38355396 PMCID: PMC10868065 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-024-10091-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene expression pattern is associated with biological phenotype and is widely used in exploring gene functions. Its evolution is also crucial in understanding species speciation and divergence. The genus Gossypium is a bona fide model for studying plant evolution and polyploidization. However, the evolution of gene expression during cotton species divergence has yet to be extensively discussed. RESULTS Based on the seedling leaf transcriptomes, this work analyzed the transcriptomic content and expression patterns across eight cotton species, including six diploids and two natural tetraploids. Our findings indicate that, while the biological function of these cotton transcriptomes remains largely conserved, there has been significant variation in transcriptomic content during species divergence. Furthermore, we conducted a comprehensive analysis of expression distances across cotton species. This analysis lends further support to the use of G. arboreum as a substitute for the A-genome donor of natural cotton polyploids. Moreover, our research highlights the evolution of stress-responsive pathways, including hormone signaling, fatty acid degradation, and flavonoid biosynthesis. These processes appear to have evolved under lower selection pressures, presumably reflecting their critical role in the adaptations of the studied cotton species to diverse environments. CONCLUSIONS In summary, this study provided insights into the gene expression variation within the genus Gossypium and identified essential genes/pathways whose expression evolution was closely associated with the evolution of cotton species. Furthermore, the method of characterizing genes and pathways under unexpected high or slow selection pressure can also serve as a new strategy for gene function exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Wu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Rongnan Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Tong Huan
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Dongliang Yu
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
| | - Yuqiang Sun
- College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, 310018, China.
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Li N, Miao Y, Ma J, Zhang P, Chen T, Liu Y, Che Z, Shahinnia F, Yang D. Consensus genomic regions for grain quality traits in wheat revealed by Meta-QTL analysis and in silico transcriptome integration. THE PLANT GENOME 2023:e20336. [PMID: 37144681 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Grain quality traits are the key factors that determine the economic value of wheat and are largely influenced by genetics and the environment. In this study, using a meta-analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and a comprehensive in silico transcriptome assessment, we identified key genomic regions and putative candidate genes for the grain quality traits protein content, gluten content, and test weight. A total of 508 original QTLs were collected from 41 articles on QTL mapping for the three quality traits in wheat published from 2003 to 2021. When these original QTLs were projected onto a high-density consensus map consisting of 14,548 markers, 313 QTLs resulted in the identification of 64 MQTLs distributed across 17 of the 21 chromosomes. Most of the meta-QTLs (MQTLs) were distributed on sub-genomes A and B. Compared with the original QTLs, the confidence interval (CI) of the MQTLs was smaller, with an average CI of 4.47 cM, while the projected QTLs CI was 11.13 cM (2.49-fold lower). The corresponding physical length of the MQTL ranged from 0.45 to 239.01 Mb. Thirty-one of these 64 MQTLs were validated in at least one genome-wide association study. In addition, five of the 64 MQTLs were selected and designated as core MQTLs. The 211 quality-related genes from rice were used to identify wheat homologs in MQTLs. In combination with transcriptional and omics analyses, 135 putative candidate genes were identified from 64 MQTL regions. The findings should contribute to a better understanding of the molecular genetic mechanisms underlying grain quality and the improvement of these traits in wheat breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
| | - Yongping Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
| | - Jingfu Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
| | - Peipei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu, China
| | - Tao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
| | - Zhuo Che
- Plant Seed Master Station of Gansu Province, Gansu, China
| | - Fahimeh Shahinnia
- Institute for Crop Science and Plant Breeding, Bavarian State Research Centre for Agriculture, Freising, Germany
| | - Delong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Gansu, China
- College of Life Science and Technology, Gansu Agricultural University, Gansu, China
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Guo F, Islam MA, Lv C, Jin X, Sun L, Zhao K, Lu J, Yan R, Zhang W, Shi Y, Li N, Sun D. Insights into the Bioinformatics and Transcriptional Analysis of the Elongator Complexes ( ELPs) Gene Family of Wheat: TaELPs Contribute to Wheat Abiotic Stress Tolerance and Leaf Senescence. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:952. [PMID: 36840300 PMCID: PMC9961319 DOI: 10.3390/plants12040952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Elongator complexes (ELPs) are the protein complexes that promote transcription through histone acetylation in eukaryotic cells and interact with elongating RNA polymerase II (RNAPII). ELPs' role in plant growth and development, signal transduction, and response to biotic and abiotic stresses have been confirmed in model plants. However, the functions of the wheat ELP genes are not well documented. The present study identified 18 members of the ELPs from the wheat genome with a homology search. Further, bioinformatics and transcription patterns in response to different stress conditions were analyzed to dissect their potential regulatory mechanisms in wheat. Gene duplication analysis showed that 18 pairs of ELP paralogous genes were derived from segmental duplication, which was divided into six clades by protein phylogenetic and cluster analysis. The orthologous analysis of wheat TaELP genes showed that TaELP genes may have evolved from orthologous genes of other plant species or closely related plants. Moreover, a variety of cis-acting regulatory elements (CAREs) related to growth and development, hormone response, and biotic and abiotic stresses were identified in the TaELPs' promoter regions. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the transcription of TaELPs was induced under hormone, salt, and drought stress and during leaf senescence. The TaELP2 gene was silenced with BSMV-VIGS, and TaELP2 was preliminarily verified to be involved in the regulation of wheat leaf senescence. Overall, TaELP genes might be regulated by hormone signaling pathways and response to abiotic stress and leaf senescence, which could be investigated further as potential candidate genes for wheat abiotic stress tolerance and yield improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Md Ashraful Islam
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, TX 76201, USA
| | - Chenxu Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Xiujuan Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Lili Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Kai Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Juan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Rongyue Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Wenjun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Yugang Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
| | - Daizhen Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Sustainable Dryland Agriculture, College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu 030801, China
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Cheng Y, Ning K, Chen Y, Hou C, Yu H, Yu H, Chen S, Guo X, Dong L. Identification of histone acetyltransferase genes responsible for cannabinoid synthesis in hemp. Chin Med 2023; 18:16. [PMID: 36782242 PMCID: PMC9926835 DOI: 10.1186/s13020-023-00720-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone acetyltransferases (HATs) play an important role in plant growth and development, stress response, and regulation of secondary metabolite biosynthesis. Hemp (Cannabis sativa L.) is famous for its high industrial, nutritional, and medicinal value. It contains non-psychoactive cannabinoid cannabidiol (CBD) and cannabinol (CBG), which play important roles as anti-inflammatory and anti-anxiety. At present, the involvement of HATs in the regulation of cannabinoid CBD and CBG synthesis has not been clarified. METHODS The members of HAT genes family in hemp were systematically analyzed by bioinformatics analysis. In addition, the expression level of HATs and the level of histone acetylation modification were analyzed based on transcriptome data and protein modification data. Real-time quantitative PCR was used to verify the changes in gene expression levels after inhibitor treatment. The changes of CBD and CBG contents after inhibitor treatment were verified by HPLC-MS analysis. RESULTS Here, 11 HAT genes were identified in the hemp genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that hemp HAT family genes can be divided into six groups. Cannabinoid synthesis genes exhibited spatiotemporal specificity, and histones were acetylated in different inflorescence developmental stages. The expression of cannabinoid synthesis genes was inhibited and the content of CBD and CBG declined by 10% to 55% in the samples treated by HAT inhibitor (PU139). Results indicated that CsHAT genes may regulate cannabinoid synthesis through altering histone acetylation. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides genetic information of HATs responsible for cannabinoid synthesis, and offers a new approach for increasing the content of cannabinoid in hemp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufei Cheng
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China ,grid.443651.10000 0000 9456 5774College of Agronomy, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000 China
| | - Kang Ning
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Yongzhong Chen
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Cong Hou
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Haibin Yu
- Yunnan Hemp Industrial Investment CO.LTD, Kunming, 650217 China
| | - Huatao Yu
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Shilin Chen
- grid.410318.f0000 0004 0632 3409Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700 China
| | - Xiaotong Guo
- College of Agronomy, Ludong University, Yantai, 264000, China.
| | - Linlin Dong
- Key Laboratory of Beijing for Identification and Safety Evaluation of Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, 100700, China.
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Elongator stabilizes microtubules to control central spindle asymmetry and polarized trafficking of cell fate determinants. Nat Cell Biol 2022; 24:1606-1616. [PMID: 36302967 PMCID: PMC7613801 DOI: 10.1038/s41556-022-01020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetric cell division gives rise to two daughter cells that inherit different determinants, thereby acquiring different fates. Polarized trafficking of endosomes containing fate determinants recently emerged as an evolutionarily conserved feature of asymmetric cell division to enhance the robustness of asymmetric cell fate determination in flies, fish and mammals. In particular, polarized sorting of signalling endosomes by an asymmetric central spindle contributes to asymmetric cell division in Drosophila melanogaster. However, how central spindle asymmetry arises remains elusive. Here we identify a moonlighting function of the Elongator complex-an established protein acetylase and tRNA methylase involved in the fidelity of protein translation-as a key factor for central spindle asymmetry. Elongator controls spindle asymmetry by stabilizing microtubules differentially on the anterior side of the central spindle. Accordingly, lowering the activity of Elongator on the anterior side using nanobodies mistargets endosomes to the wrong cell. Molecularly, Elongator regulates microtubule dynamics independently of its acetylation and methylation enzymatic activities. Instead, Elongator directly binds to microtubules and increases their polymerization speed while decreasing their catastrophe frequency. Our data establish a non-canonical role of Elongator at the core of cytoskeleton polarity and asymmetric signalling.
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Jun SE, Cho KH, Manzoor MA, Hwang TY, Kim YS, Schaffrath R, Kim GT. AtELP4 a subunit of the Elongator complex in Arabidopsis, mediates cell proliferation and dorsoventral polarity during leaf morphogenesis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1033358. [PMID: 36340367 PMCID: PMC9634574 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1033358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The Elongator complex in eukaryotes has conserved tRNA modification functions and contributes to various physiological processes such as transcriptional control, DNA replication and repair, and chromatin accessibility. ARABIDOPSIS ELONGATOR PROTEIN 4 (AtELP4) is one of the six subunits (AtELP1-AtELP6) in Arabidopsis Elongator. In addition, there is an Elongator-associated protein, DEFORMED ROOTS AND LEAVES 1 (DRL1), whose homolog in yeast (Kti12) binds tRNAs. In this study, we explored the functions of AtELP4 in plant-specific aspects such as leaf morphogenesis and evolutionarily conserved ones between yeast and Arabidopsis. ELP4 comparison between yeast and Arabidopsis revealed that plant ELP4 possesses not only a highly conserved P-loop ATPase domain but also unknown plant-specific motifs. ELP4 function is partially conserved between Arabidopsis and yeast in the growth sensitivity toward caffeine and elevated cultivation temperature. Either single Atelp4 or drl1-102 mutants and double Atelp4 drl1-102 mutants exhibited a reduction in cell proliferation and changed the adaxial-abaxial polarity of leaves. In addition, the single Atelp4 and double Atelp4 drl1-102 mutants showed remarkable downward curling at the whole part of leaf blades in contrast to wild-type leaf blades. Furthermore, our genetic study revealed that AtELP4 might epistatically act on DRL1 in the regulation of cell proliferation and dorsoventral polarity in leaves. Taken together, we suggest that AtELP4 as part of the plant Elongator complex may act upstream of a regulatory pathway for adaxial-abaxial polarity and cell proliferation during leaf development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Kiu-Hyung Cho
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | | | - Tae Young Hwang
- Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Youn Soo Kim
- Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Gyung-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
- Graduate School of Applied Bioscience, Dong-A University, Busan, South Korea
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Obermeyer S, Stöckl R, Schnekenburger T, Moehle C, Schwartz U, Grasser KD. Distinct role of subunits of the Arabidopsis RNA polymerase II elongation factor PAF1C in transcriptional reprogramming. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:974625. [PMID: 36247629 PMCID: PMC9558118 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.974625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Transcript elongation by RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) is dynamic and highly regulated, thereby contributing to the implementation of gene expression programs during plant development or in response to environmental cues. The heterohexameric polymerase-associated factor 1 complex (PAF1C) stabilizes the RNAPII elongation complex promoting efficient transcript synthesis. In addition, PAF1C links transcriptional elongation with various post-translational histone modifications at transcribed loci. We have exposed Arabidopsis mutants deficient in the PAF1C subunits ELF7 or CDC73 to elevated NaCl concentrations to provoke a transcriptional response. The growth of elf7 plants was reduced relative to that of wildtype under these challenging conditions, whereas cdc73 plants exhibited rather enhanced tolerance. Profiling of the transcriptional changes upon NaCl exposure revealed that cdc73 responded similar to wildtype. Relative to wildtype and cdc73, the transcriptional response of elf7 plants was severely reduced in accord with their greater susceptibility to NaCl. The data also imply that CDC73 is more relevant for the transcription of longer genes. Despite the fact that both ELF7 and CDC73 are part of PAF1C the strikingly different transcriptional response of the mutants upon NaCl exposure suggests that the subunits have (partially) specific functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simon Obermeyer
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Richard Stöckl
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Tobias Schnekenburger
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Christoph Moehle
- Center of Excellence for Fluorescent Bioanalytics (KFB), University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe Schwartz
- NGS Analysis Centre, Biology and Pre-Clinical Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Klaus D. Grasser
- Cell Biology & Plant Biochemistry, Biochemistry Centre, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
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Wheat Elongator Subunit 4 Negatively Regulates Freezing Tolerance by Regulating Ethylene Accumulation. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147634. [PMID: 35886984 PMCID: PMC9324374 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Freezing stress is a major factor limiting production and geographical distribution of temperate crops. Elongator is a six subunit complex with histone acetyl-transferase activity and is involved in plant development and defense responses in Arabidopsis thaliana. However, it is unknown whether and how an elongator responds to freezing stress in plants. In this study, we found that wheat elongator subunit 4 (TaELP4) negatively regulates freezing tolerance through ethylene signaling. TaELP4 promoter contained cold response elements and was up-regulated in freezing stress. Subcellular localization showed that TaELP4 and AtELP4 localized in the cytoplasm and nucleus. Silencing of TaELP4 in wheat with BSMV-mediated VIGS approach significantly elevated tiller survival rate compared to control under freezing stress, but ectopic expression of TaELP4 in Arabidopsis increased leaf damage and survival rate compared with Col-0. Further results showed that TaELP4 positively regulated ACS2 and ACS6 transcripts, two main limiting enzymes in ethylene biosynthesis. The determination of ethylene content showed that TaELP4 overexpression resulted in more ethylene accumulated than Col-0 under freezing stress. Epigenetic research showed that histone H3K9/14ac levels significantly increased in coding/promoter regions of AtACS2 and AtACS6 in Arabidopsis. RT-qPCR assays showed that the EIN2/EIN3/EIL1-CBFs-COR pathway was regulated by TaELP4 under freezing stress. Taken together, our results suggest that TaELP4 negatively regulated plant responses to freezing stress via heightening histone acetylation levels of ACS2 and ACS6 and increasing their transcription and ethylene accumulation.
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Morini E, Gao D, Logan EM, Salani M, Krauson AJ, Chekuri A, Chen YT, Ragavendran A, Chakravarty P, Erdin S, Stortchevoi A, Svejstrup JQ, Talkowski ME, Slaugenhaupt SA. Developmental regulation of neuronal gene expression by Elongator complex protein 1 dosage. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:654-665. [PMID: 34896608 PMCID: PMC9254147 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2021.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Familial dysautonomia (FD), a hereditary sensory and autonomic neuropathy, is caused by a mutation in the Elongator complex protein 1 (ELP1) gene that leads to a tissue-specific reduction of ELP1 protein. Our work to generate a phenotypic mouse model for FD headed to the discovery that homozygous deletion of the mouse Elp1 gene leads to embryonic lethality prior to mid-gestation. Given that FD is caused by a reduction, not loss, of ELP1, we generated two new mouse models by introducing different copy numbers of the human FD ELP1 transgene into the Elp1 knockout mouse (Elp1-/-) and observed that human ELP1 expression rescues embryonic development in a dose-dependent manner. We then conducted a comprehensive transcriptome analysis in mouse embryos to identify genes and pathways whose expression correlates with the amount of ELP1. We found that ELP1 is essential for the expression of genes responsible for nervous system development. Further, gene length analysis of the differentially expressed genes showed that the loss of Elp1 mainly impacts the expression of long genes and that by gradually restoring Elongator, their expression is progressively rescued. Finally, through evaluation of co-expression modules, we identified gene sets with unique expression patterns that depended on ELP1 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Morini
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dadi Gao
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Emily M Logan
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Monica Salani
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Aram J Krauson
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anil Chekuri
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Department of Life Sciences and Institute of Genome Sciences, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taiwan
| | - Ashok Ragavendran
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Probir Chakravarty
- Bioinformatics and Biostatistics, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Serkan Erdin
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Alexei Stortchevoi
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jesper Q Svejstrup
- Mechanisms of Transcription Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Panum Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael E Talkowski
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Program in Medical and Population Genetics and Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Susan A Slaugenhaupt
- Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital Research Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Myat AA, Zhou Y, Gao Y, Zhao X, Liang C, Abid MA, Wang P, Akram U, Abbas M, Askari M, Guo S, Zhang R, Meng Z. Overexpression of GhKTI12 Enhances Seed Yield and Biomass Production in Nicotiana Tabacum. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:426. [PMID: 35327981 PMCID: PMC8953243 DOI: 10.3390/genes13030426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Revised: 02/22/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Crop molecular breeding primarily focuses on increasing the trait of plant yield. An elongator-associated protein, KTI12, is closely associated with plant biomass and yield. KTI12 is involved in developmental processes of most organs, including the leaf, root, flower, and seed, through regulating cell division and differentiation. Previous work has shown that in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum), GhKTI12 regulates plant height, flowering, and tolerance to salt and drought stress. However, little is known about the molecular regulation mechanism of GhKTI12 in plant developmental processes. In this study, we identified the main GhKTI12 (Gh_D02G144400) gene and transformed it into tobacco (Nicotonia tabacum cv NC89). From seven transgenic lines, we obtained three (OE5, OE6 and OE8) with high expression of GhKTI12; compared with wild type plants, these three lines exhibited larger plant size, later flowering, and higher seed yield. Microscopic observation revealed that the number of leaf epidermal cells and stem parenchyma cells was increased by ~55%. Biochemical analysis showed that chlorophyll content and starch accumulation were significantly increased in younger leaves at the top canopy of transgenic plants, which may contribute to improved photosynthetic rate and, in turn, increased seed yield. To understand the molecular mechanism of GhKTI12 in transgenic plants development, two lines (OE6 and OE8) with higher expression levels of GhKTI12 were used as representative plants to conduct RNA-seq analysis. Through transcriptome analysis of the plant's shoot apical meristematic tissue of these two lines, we identified 518 upregulated genes and 406 downregulated genes common to both overexpression lines. A large number of cellular component genes associated with cell division and differentiation, such as RD21, TET8, KTN80, AOX1, AOX2, CP1, and KIC, were found to be upregulated, and genes showing the most downregulation included MADS-box genes related to flowering time, such as MADS6, AP1, AP3, AGL8, AGL6, SEP1, and SEP2. Downregulation of these genes caused delayed flowering time and longer vegetative stage during development. Combined with the upregulation of the yield-related gene RD21, the GhKTI12 transgenic plants could produce a higher seed yield. We here show that the overexpression of GhKTI12 could positively improve key agronomic traits in tobacco by regulating cell proliferation, photosynthesis, and organ development, and suggest that homologs of GhKTI12 may also be important in the genetic improvement of other crop plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aye Aye Myat
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yu Zhou
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Yuan Gao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Xiang Zhao
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Chengzhen Liang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Ali Abid
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Peilin Wang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Umar Akram
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
- Institute of Plant Breeding and Biotechnology, MNS—University of Agriculture, Multan 60000, Pakistan
| | - Mubashir Abbas
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Askari
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Sandui Guo
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Rui Zhang
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
| | - Zhigang Meng
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China; (A.A.M.); (Y.Z.); (Y.G.); (X.Z.); (C.L.); (M.A.A.); (P.W.); (U.A.); (M.A.); (M.A.); (S.G.); (R.Z.)
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14
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Kurotani KI, Huang C, Okayasu K, Suzuki T, Ichihashi Y, Shirasu K, Higashiyama T, Niwa M, Notaguchi M. Interfamily grafting capacity of petunia. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 9:uhab056. [PMID: 35048114 PMCID: PMC8969063 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhab056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
In grafting, an agricultural technique for propagating flower species and fruit trees, two plants are combined to exploit their beneficial characteristics, such as rootstock disease tolerance and vigor. Grafting incompatibility has been observed, however, between distantly related plant combinations, which limits the availability of plant resources. A high grafting capacity has been found in Nicotiana, belonging to Solanaceae, but not in Ipomoea nil, a Convolvulaceae species. Here, we found that Petunia hybrida, another solanaceous species, has similar ability of interfamily grafting, which indicates that interfamily grafting capability in Solanaceae is not limited to the genus Nicotiana. RNA sequencing-based comparative time-series transcriptomic analyses of Nicotiana benthamiana, I. nil, and P. hybrida revealed that N. benthamiana and P. hybrida share a common gene expression pattern, with continued elevated expression of the β-1,4-glucanase subclade gene GH9B3 observed after interfamily grafting. During self-grafting, GH9B3 expression in each species was similarly elevated, thus suggesting that solanaceous plants have altered regulatory mechanisms for GH9B3 gene expression that allow tissue fusion even with other species. Finally, we tested the effect of the β-1,4-glucanase inhibitor D-glucono-1,5-lactone, using glucose as a control, on the interfamily grafting usability of P. hybrida with Arabidopsis rootstock. Strong inhibition of graft establishment was observed only with D-glucono-1,5-lactone, thus suggesting the important role of GH9B3 in P. hybrida grafting. The newly discovered grafting compatibility of Petunia with different families enhances the propagation techniques and the production of flower plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken-ichi Kurotani
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Chaokun Huang
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Koji Okayasu
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Takamasa Suzuki
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chubu University, Matsumoto-cho, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yasunori Ichihashi
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- RIKEN BioResource Research Center, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0074, Japan
| | - Ken Shirasu
- Center for Sustainable Resource Science, RIKEN, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Higashiyama
- Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8657, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Masaki Niwa
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- GRA&GREEN Inc., Incubation Facility, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
| | - Michitaka Notaguchi
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Graduate School of Bioagricultural Sciences, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
- GRA&GREEN Inc., Incubation Facility, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8601, Japan
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15
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Du Q, Fang Y, Jiang J, Chen M, Fu X, Yang Z, Luo L, Wu Q, Yang Q, Wang L, Qu Z, Li X, Xie X. Characterization of histone deacetylases and their roles in response to abiotic and PAMPs stresses in Sorghum bicolor. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:28. [PMID: 34991465 PMCID: PMC8739980 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08229-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histone deacetylases (HDACs) play an important role in the regulation of gene expression, which is indispensable in plant growth, development, and responses to environmental stresses. In Arabidopsis and rice, the molecular functions of HDACs have been well-described. However, systematic analysis of the HDAC gene family and gene expression in response to biotic and abiotic stresses has not been reported for sorghum. RESULTS We conducted a systematic analysis of the sorghum HDAC gene family and identified 19 SbHDACs mainly distributed on eight chromosomes. Phylogenetic tree analysis of SbHDACs showed that the gene family was divided into three subfamilies: RPD3/HDA1, SIR2, and HD2. Tissue-specific expression results showed that SbHDACs displayed different expression patterns in different tissues, indicating that these genes may perform different functions in growth and development. The expression pattern of SbHDACs under different stresses (high and low temperature, drought, osmotic and salt) and pathogen-associated molecular model (PAMPs) elf18, chitin, and flg22) indicated that SbHDAC genes may participate in adversity responses and biological stress defenses. Overexpression of SbHDA1, SbHDA3, SbHDT2 and SbSRT2 in Escherichia coli promoted the growth of recombinant cells under abiotic stress. Interestingly, we also showed that the sorghum acetylation level was enhanced when plants were under cold, heat, drought, osmotic and salt stresses. The findings will help us to understand the HDAC gene family in sorghum, and illuminate the molecular mechanism of the responses to abiotic and biotic stresses. CONCLUSION We have identified and classified 19 HDAC genes in sorghum. Our data provides insights into the evolution of the HDAC gene family and further support the hypothesis that these genes are important for the plant responses to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoli Du
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Yuanpeng Fang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Junmei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Meiqing Chen
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Xiaodong Fu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Zaifu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Liting Luo
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Qijiao Wu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Qian Yang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Lujie Wang
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Zhiguang Qu
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Xiangyang Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide and Agricultural Bioengineering, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China
| | - Xin Xie
- Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Agriculture, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, PR China.
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Paul AL, Haveman N, Califar B, Ferl RJ. Epigenomic Regulators Elongator Complex Subunit 2 and Methyltransferase 1 Differentially Condition the Spaceflight Response in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:691790. [PMID: 34589093 PMCID: PMC8475764 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.691790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Background: Plants subjected to the novel environment of spaceflight show transcriptomic changes that resemble aspects of several terrestrial abiotic stress responses. Under investigation here is whether epigenetic modulations, similar to those that occur in terrestrial stress responses, have a functional role in spaceflight physiological adaptation. The Advanced Plant Experiment-04 - Epigenetic Expression experiment examined the role of cytosine methylation in spaceflight adaptation. The experiment was conducted onboard the International Space Station, and evaluated the spaceflight-altered, genome-wide methylation profiles of two methylation-regulating gene mutants [methyltransferase 1 (met1-7) and elongator complex subunit 2 (elp2-5)] along with a wild-type Col-0 control. Results: The elp2-5 plants suffered in their physiological adaptation to spaceflight in that their roots failed to extend away from the seed and the overall development of the plants was greatly impaired in space. The met1-7 plants suffered less, with their morphology affected by spaceflight in a manner similar to that of the Col-0 controls. The differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in spaceflight were dramatically different in the elp2-5 and met1-7 plants compared to Col-0, indicating that the disruptions in these mutants resulted in a reprogramming of their spaceflight responses, especially in elp2-5. Many of the genes comprising the spaceflight transcriptome of each genotype were differentially methylated in spaceflight. In Col-0 the majority of the DEGs were representative of the now familiar spaceflight response, which includes genes associated with cell wall remodeling, pathogen responses and ROS signaling. However, the spaceflight transcriptomes of met1-7 and elp2-5 each presented patterns of DEGs that are almost completely different than Col-0, and to each other. Further, the DEGs of the mutant genotypes suggest a more severe spaceflight stress response in the mutants, particularly in elp2-5. Conclusion: Arabidopsis physiological adaptation to spaceflight results in differential DNA methylation in an organ-specific manner. Disruption of Met1 methyltransferase function does not dramatically affect spaceflight growth or morphology, yet met1-7 reprograms the spaceflight transcriptomic response in a unique manner. Disruption of elp2-5 results in poor development in spaceflight grown plants, together with a diminished, dramatically reprogrammed transcriptomic response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna-Lisa Paul
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Natasha Haveman
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Brandon Califar
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Genetics Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Robert J. Ferl
- Plant Molecular and Cellular Biology Program, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Office of Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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17
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Patrick RM, Huang XQ, Dudareva N, Li Y. Dynamic histone acetylation in floral volatile synthesis and emission in petunia flowers. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:3704-3722. [PMID: 33606881 PMCID: PMC8096599 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Biosynthesis of secondary metabolites relies on primary metabolic pathways to provide precursors, energy, and cofactors, thus requiring coordinated regulation of primary and secondary metabolic networks. However, to date, it remains largely unknown how this coordination is achieved. Using Petunia hybrida flowers, which emit high levels of phenylpropanoid/benzenoid volatile organic compounds (VOCs), we uncovered genome-wide dynamic deposition of histone H3 lysine 9 acetylation (H3K9ac) during anthesis as an underlying mechanism to coordinate primary and secondary metabolic networks. The observed epigenome reprogramming is accompanied by transcriptional activation at gene loci involved in primary metabolic pathways that provide precursor phenylalanine, as well as secondary metabolic pathways to produce volatile compounds. We also observed transcriptional repression among genes involved in alternative phenylpropanoid branches that compete for metabolic precursors. We show that GNAT family histone acetyltransferase(s) (HATs) are required for the expression of genes involved in VOC biosynthesis and emission, by using chemical inhibitors of HATs, and by knocking down a specific HAT gene, ELP3, through transient RNAi. Together, our study supports that regulatory mechanisms at chromatin level may play an essential role in activating primary and secondary metabolic pathways to regulate VOC synthesis in petunia flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan M Patrick
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
| | - Xing-Qi Huang
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
| | - Natalia Dudareva
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
- Department of Biochemistry, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
- Purdue Center for Plant Biology, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907,USA
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18
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Gao S, Li L, Han X, Liu T, Jin P, Cai L, Xu M, Zhang T, Zhang F, Chen J, Yang J, Zhong K. Genome-wide identification of the histone acetyltransferase gene family in Triticum aestivum. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:49. [PMID: 33430760 PMCID: PMC7802222 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-020-07348-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Histone acetylation is a ubiquitous and reversible post-translational modification in eukaryotes and prokaryotes that is co-regulated by histone acetyltransferase (HAT) and histone deacetylase (HDAC). HAT activity is important for the modification of chromatin structure in eukaryotic cells, affecting gene transcription and thereby playing a crucial regulatory role in plant development. Comprehensive analyses of HAT genes have been performed in Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa, barley, grapes, tomato, litchi and Zea mays, but comparable identification and analyses have not been conducted in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Results In this study, 31 TaHATs were identified and divided into six groups with conserved gene structures and motif compositions. Phylogenetic analysis was performed to predict functional similarities between Arabidopsis thaliana, Oryza sativa and Triticum aestivum HAT genes. The TaHATs appeared to be regulated by cis-acting elements such as LTR and TC-rich repeats. The qRT–PCR analysis showed that the TaHATs were differentially expressed in multiple tissues. The TaHATs in expression also responded to temperature changes, and were all significantly upregulated after being infected by barley streak mosaic virus (BSMV), Chinese wheat mosaic virus (CWMV) and wheat yellow mosaic virus (WYMV). Conclusions These results suggest that TaHATs may have specific roles in the response to viral infection and provide a basis for further study of TaHAT functions in T. aestivum plant immunity. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-020-07348-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiqi Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Yantai, 265500, China.,School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Linzhi Li
- Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Yantai, 265500, China
| | - Xiaolei Han
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.,Yantai Academy of Agricultural Science, Yantai, 265500, China.,School of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, 264005, China
| | - Tingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Peng Jin
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Linna Cai
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Miaoze Xu
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Tianye Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jianping Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Kaili Zhong
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Key Laboratory of Biotechnology in Plant Protection of Ministry of Agriculture and Zhejiang Province, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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19
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Wang H, Xu C, Zhang Y, Yan X, Jin X, Yao X, Chen P, Zheng B. PtKTI12 genes influence wobble uridine modifications and drought stress tolerance in hybrid poplar. TREE PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 40:1778-1791. [PMID: 32705117 DOI: 10.1093/treephys/tpaa088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The multisubunit Elongator complex plays key roles in transcription by interacting with RNA polymerase II and chromatin modeling. Kti proteins have been identified as the auxiliary protein for the Elongator complex. However, our knowledge of Kti proteins in woody plants remains limited. In this study, in total 16 KTI gene homologs were identified in Populus trichocarpa. Among them, the two KTI12 candidates were named PtKTI12A and PtKTI12B. Although PtKTI12A and PtKTI12B were largely different in gene expression level and tissue specificity, both genes were induced by heat and drought stresses. PtKTI12A and PtKTI12B RNAi transgenic poplar plants showed reduced levels of modified nucleosides, in particular 5-carbamoylmethyluridine and 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine. Meanwhile, their tolerance to drought was improved when subjected to withdrawal of watering. Also, the protein products of PtKTI12A and PtKTI12B had similar subcellular localization and predicted tertiary structure. The results suggest that Kti12 proteins are involved in tRNA wobble uridine modification, stress response and drought stress tolerance in hybrid poplar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailang Wang
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Xueyuan Rd, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Xu
- Yuan Longping High-Tech Agriculture Co. Ltd., No. 638, Heping Rd, Changsha 410001, China
| | - Youbing Zhang
- Guangzhou Vipotion Biotechnology Co. Ltd., 5F, Building J5, No.1 Jiantashan Road, Guangzhou Science Park, Guangzhou 510663, China
| | - Xu Yan
- Shacheng Middle School, Longtan W St, Zhangjiakou 075000, China
| | - Xiaohuan Jin
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Xueyuan Rd, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xiaoqing Yao
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Xueyuan Rd, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Peng Chen
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Xueyuan Rd, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Horticultural and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Xueyuan Rd, Wuhan 430070, China
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20
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Matsumoto H, Yasui Y, Ohmori Y, Tanaka W, Ishikawa T, Numa H, Shirasawa K, Taniguchi Y, Tanaka J, Suzuki Y, Hirano H. CURLED LATER1 encoding the largest subunit of the Elongator complex has a unique role in leaf development and meristem function in rice. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:351-364. [PMID: 32652697 PMCID: PMC7689840 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.14925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 06/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
The Elongator complex, which is conserved in eukaryotes, has multiple roles in diverse organisms. In Arabidopsis thaliana, Elongator is shown to be involved in development, hormone action and environmental responses. However, except for Arabidopsis, our knowledge of its function is poor in plants. In this study, we initially carried out a genetic analysis to characterize a rice mutant with narrow and curled leaves, termed curled later1 (cur1). The cur1 mutant displayed a heteroblastic change, whereby the mutant leaf phenotype appeared specifically at a later adult phase of vegetative development. The shoot apical meristem (SAM) was small and the leaf initiation rate was low, suggesting that the activity of the SAM seemed to be partially reduced in cur1. We then revealed that CUR1 encodes a yeast ELP1-like protein, the largest subunit of Elongator. Furthermore, disruption of OsELP3 encoding the catalytic subunit of Elongator resulted in phenotypes similar to those of cur1, including the timing of the appearance of mutant phenotypes. Thus, Elongator activity seems to be specifically required for leaf development at the late vegetative phase. Transcriptome analysis showed that genes involved in protein quality control were highly upregulated in the cur1 shoot apex at the later vegetative phase, suggesting the restoration of impaired proteins probably produced by partial defects in translational control due to the loss of function of Elongator. The differences in the mutant phenotype and gene expression profile between CUR1 and its Arabidopsis ortholog suggest that Elongator has evolved to play a unique role in rice development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hikari Matsumoto
- School of ScienceThe University of TokyoHongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8654Japan
| | - Yukiko Yasui
- School of ScienceThe University of TokyoHongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8654Japan
- Present address:
Graduate School of BiostudiesKyoto UniversitySakyo‐ku, Kyoto606‐8502Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmori
- Graduate School of Agricultural and Life SciencesThe University of TokyoYayoi, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8657Japan
| | - Wakana Tanaka
- School of ScienceThe University of TokyoHongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8654Japan
- Present address:
Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for LifeHiroshima UniversityKagamiyama, Higashi‐Hiroshima739‐8528Japan
| | | | | | - Kenta Shirasawa
- NAROKannondai 2‐1‐2Tsukuba305‐8518Japan
- Present address:
Kazusa DNA Research InstituteKazusa‐KamatariKisarazu, Chiba292‐0818Japan
| | | | | | | | - Hiro‐Yuki Hirano
- School of ScienceThe University of TokyoHongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8654Japan
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21
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Schäck MA, Jablonski KP, Gräf S, Klassen R, Schaffrath R, Kellner S, Hammann C. Eukaryotic life without tQCUG: the role of Elongator-dependent tRNA modifications in Dictyostelium discoideum. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:7899-7913. [PMID: 32609816 PMCID: PMC7430636 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In the Elongator-dependent modification pathway, chemical modifications are introduced at the wobble uridines at position 34 in transfer RNAs (tRNAs), which serve to optimize codon translation rates. Here, we show that this three-step modification pathway exists in Dictyostelium discoideum, model of the evolutionary superfamily Amoebozoa. Not only are previously established modifications observable by mass spectrometry in strains with the most conserved genes of each step deleted, but also additional modifications are detected, indicating a certain plasticity of the pathway in the amoeba. Unlike described for yeast, D. discoideum allows for an unconditional deletion of the single tQCUG gene, as long as the Elongator-dependent modification pathway is intact. In gene deletion strains of the modification pathway, protein amounts are significantly reduced as shown by flow cytometry and Western blotting, using strains expressing different glutamine leader constructs fused to GFP. Most dramatic are these effects, when the tQCUG gene is deleted, or Elp3, the catalytic component of the Elongator complex is missing. In addition, Elp3 is the most strongly conserved protein of the modification pathway, as our phylogenetic analysis reveals. The implications of this observation are discussed with respect to the evolutionary age of the components acting in the Elongator-dependent modification pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manfred A Schäck
- Ribogenetics Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, DE 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Kim Philipp Jablonski
- Ribogenetics Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, DE 28759 Bremen, Germany
| | - Stefan Gräf
- Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge Biomedical Campus, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Roland Klassen
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heinrich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kellner
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Butenandtstr. 5-13, 81377 Munich, Germany
| | - Christian Hammann
- Ribogenetics Biochemistry Lab, Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen gGmbH, DE 28759 Bremen, Germany
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22
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Plant Elongator-Protein Complex of Diverse Activities Regulates Growth, Development, and Immune Responses. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186912. [PMID: 32971769 PMCID: PMC7555253 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Contrary to the conserved Elongator composition in yeast, animals, and plants, molecular functions and catalytic activities of the complex remain controversial. Elongator was identified as a component of elongating RNA polymerase II holoenzyme in yeast, animals, and plants. Furthermore, it was suggested that Elonagtor facilitates elongation of transcription via histone acetyl transferase activity. Accordingly, phenotypes of Arabidopsis elo mutants, which show development, growth, or immune response defects, correlate with transcriptional downregulation and the decreased histone acetylation in the coding regions of crucial genes. Plant Elongator was also implicated in other processes: transcription and processing of miRNA, regulation of DNA replication by histone acetylation, and acetylation of alpha-tubulin. Moreover, tRNA modification, discovered first in yeast and confirmed in plants, was claimed as the main activity of Elongator, leading to specificity in translation that might also result indirectly in a deficiency in transcription. Heterologous overexpression of individual Arabidopsis Elongator subunits and their respective phenotypes suggest that single Elongator subunits might also have another function next to being a part of the complex. In this review, we shall present the experimental evidence of all molecular mechanisms and catalytic activities performed by Elongator in nucleus and cytoplasm of plant cells, which might explain how Elongator regulates growth, development, and immune responses.
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23
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Wang K, Rong W, Liu Y, Li H, Zhang Z. Wheat Elongator subunit 4 is required for epigenetic regulation of host immune response to Rhizoctonia cerealis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cj.2019.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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24
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Zhao N, Sheng M, Zhao J, Ma X, Wei Q, Song Q, Zhang K, Xu W, Sun C, Liu F, Su Z. Over-Expression of HDA710 Delays Leaf Senescence in Rice ( Oryza sativa L.). Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:471. [PMID: 32509751 PMCID: PMC7248171 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) influence chromatin state and gene expression. Eighteen HDAC genes with important biological functions have been identified in rice. In this study, we surveyed the gene presence frequency of all 18 rice HDAC genes in 3,010 rice accessions. HDA710/OsHDAC2 showed insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphisms in almost 98.8% japonica accessions but only 1% indica accessions. InDel polymorphism association analysis showed that accessions with partial deletions in HDA710 tended to display early leaf senescence. Further transgenic results confirmed that HDA710 delayed leaf senescence in rice. The over-expression of HDA710 delayed leaf senescence, and the knock-down of HDA710 accelerated leaf senescence. Transcriptome analysis showed that photosynthesis and chlorophyll biosynthesis related genes were up-regulated in HDA710 over-expression lines, while some programmed cell death and disease resistance related genes were down-regulated. Co-expression network analysis with gene expression view revealed that HDA710 was co-expressed with multiple genes, particularly OsGSTU12, which was significantly up-regulated in 35S::HDA710-sense lines. InDels in the promoter region of OsGSTU12 and in the gene region of HDA710 occurred coincidentally among more than 90% accessions, and we identified multiple W-box motifs at the InDel position of OsGSTU12. Over-expression of OsGSTU12 also delayed leaf senescence in rice. Taken together, our results suggest that both HDA710 and OsGSTU12 are involved in regulating the process of leaf senescence in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nannan Zhao
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Minghao Sheng
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Zhao
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop, Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Beijing, China.,Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Xuelian Ma
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Song
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Zhang
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenying Xu
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanqing Sun
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop, Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Beijing, China.,Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Fengxia Liu
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop, Ministry of Education (MOE) Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization, National Center for Evaluation of Agricultural Wild Plants (Rice), Beijing, China.,Genetic Improvement, Department of Plant Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhen Su
- College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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25
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Krutyhołowa R, Reinhardt-Tews A, Chramiec-Głąbik A, Breunig KD, Glatt S. Fungal Kti12 proteins display unusual linker regions and unique ATPase p-loops. Curr Genet 2020; 66:823-833. [PMID: 32236652 PMCID: PMC7363723 DOI: 10.1007/s00294-020-01070-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Kti12 (Kluyveromyces lactis toxin insensitive 12) is an evolutionary highly conserved ATPase, crucial for the tRNA-modification activity of the eukaryotic Elongator complex. The protein consists of an N-terminal ATPase and a C-terminal tRNA-binding domain, which are connected by a flexible linker. The precise role of the linker region and its involvement in the communication between the two domains and their activities remain elusive. Here, we analyzed all available Kti12 protein sequences and report the discovery of a subset of Kti12 proteins with abnormally long linker regions. These Kti12 proteins are characterized by a co-occurring lysine to leucine substitution in their Walker A motif, previously thought to be invariable. We show that the K14L substitution lowers the affinity to ATP, but does not affect the catalytic activity of Kti12 at high ATP concentrations. We compare the activity of mutated variants of Kti12 in vitro with complementation assays in vivo in yeast. Ultimately, we compared Kti12 to other known p-loop ATPase family members known to carry a similar deviant Walker A motif. Our data establish Kti12 of Eurotiomycetes as an example of eukaryotic ATPase harboring a significantly deviating but still functional Walker A motif.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rościsław Krutyhołowa
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology (MCB), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.,Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
| | | | | | - Karin D Breunig
- Institut für Biologie, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany.
| | - Sebastian Glatt
- Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology (MCB), Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland.
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26
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Li B, Gao J, Chen J, Wang Z, Shen W, Yi B, Wen J, Ma C, Shen J, Fu T, Tu J. Identification and fine mapping of a major locus controlling branching in Brassica napus. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2020; 133:771-783. [PMID: 31844964 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-019-03506-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
A candidate branching-controlling gene for qDBA09 was identified after delimiting a Brassica napus recessive locus within a 270-kb interval on chromosome A09. Although branching is an important trait associated with the adaptation and yield potential of rapeseed (Brassica napus), the genetic mechanisms underlining branching in this crop remain poorly understood. In this study, we characterized a naturally occurring rapeseed mutant, db1, which showed an ultrahigh branching density phenotype. By combining bulked segregant analysis (BSA) and the Brassica 60K SNP BeadChip Array, we identified two major quantitative trait loci (QTLs), qDBA09 and qDBC06, which were subsequently confirmed using the traditional QTL-mapping approach. Analysis of 208 individuals from a BC1F3 population indicated that the qDBA09 locus is a single Mendelian factor and that the dense branching phenotype is controlled by a single recessive gene. Furthermore, QTL analysis confirmed that qDBA09 explained between 9.5 and 70.5% of the variation in branching-related traits. Using 7785 individuals from the BC1F3 population, we mapped qDBA09 to a DNA fragment of approximately 270 kb in length that contained 27 predicted genes, three of which were identified as potentially involved in the control of the dense branching trait. Based on the reported function of these genes, together with sequence comparisons and co-segregation analysis, we identified a potential candidate gene for the qDBA09 locus. The present findings lay the foundations for further in-depth research on the branching mechanisms of B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiang Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiao Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Zhixin Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Wenhao Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jing Wen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Chaozhi Ma
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxiong Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tingdong Fu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jinxing Tu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Rapeseed Improvement, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China.
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27
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Rojas-Benítez D, L. Allende M. Elongator Subunit 3 (Elp3) Is Required for Zebrafish Trunk Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E925. [PMID: 32023806 PMCID: PMC7036906 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2019] [Revised: 11/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Transfer RNAs (tRNAs) are the most post-transcriptionally modified RNA species. Some of these modifications, especially the ones located in the anti-codon loop, are required for decoding capabilities of tRNAs. Such is the case for 5-methoxy-carbonyl-methyl-2-thio-uridine (mcm5s2U), synthetized by the Elongator complex. Mutants for its sub-units display pleiotropic phenotypes. In this paper, we analyze the role of elp3 (Elongator catalytic sub-unit) in zebrafish development. We found that it is required for trunk development; elp3 knock-down animals presented diminished levels of mcm5s2U and sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling activity. Activation of this pathway was sufficient to revert the phenotype caused by elp3 knockdown, indicating a functional relationship between Elongator and Shh through a yet unknown molecular mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Rojas-Benítez
- FONDAP Center for Genome Regulation (CGR), Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Las Palmeras 3425, Ñuñoa, Santiago 7800003, Chile;
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28
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Nakai Y, Horiguchi G, Iwabuchi K, Harada A, Nakai M, Hara-Nishimura I, Yano T. tRNA Wobble Modification Affects Leaf Cell Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 60:2026-2039. [PMID: 31076779 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcz064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
The tRNA modification at the wobble position of Lys, Glu and Gln (wobbleU* modification) is responsible for the fine-tuning of protein translation efficiency and translation rate. This modification influences organism function in accordance with growth and environmental changes. However, the effects of wobbleU* modification at the cellular, tissue, or individual level have not yet been elucidated. In this study, we show that sulfur modification of wobbleU* of the tRNAs affects leaf development in Arabidopsis thaliana. The sulfur modification was impaired in the two wobbleU*-modification mutants: the URM1-like protein-defective mutant and the Elongator complex-defective mutants. Analyses of the mutant phenotypes revealed that the deficiency in the wobbleU* modification increased the airspaces in the leaves and the leaf size without affecting the number and the area of palisade mesophyll cells. On the other hand, both mutants exhibited increased number of leaf epidermal pavement cells but with reduced cell size. The deficiency in the wobbleU* modification also delayed the initiation of the endoreduplication processes of mesophyll cells. The phenotype of ASYMMETRIC LEAVES2-defective mutant was enhanced in the Elongator-defective mutants, while it was unchanged in the URM1-like protein-defective mutant. Collectively, the findings of this study suggest that the tRNA wobbleU* modification plays an important role in leaf morphogenesis by balancing the development between epidermal and mesophyll tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yumi Nakai
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Gorou Horiguchi
- Department of Life Science, College of Science, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kosei Iwabuchi
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Konan University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akiko Harada
- Department of Biology, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Japan
| | - Masato Nakai
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, 3-2 Yamada-oka, Suita, Japan
| | | | - Takato Yano
- Department of Biochemistry, Osaka Medical College, 2-7 Daigakumachi, Takatsuki, Japan
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Wang Y, Sun X, Ding Y, Fei Z, Jiao C, Fan M, Yao B, Xin P, Chu J, Wei Q. Cellular and molecular characterization of a thick-walled variant reveal a pivotal role of shoot apical meristem in transverse development of bamboo culm. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:3911-3926. [PMID: 31037305 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/17/2019] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Little is known about the mechanisms underlying the development of bamboo culm. Using anatomical, mathematical modeling, and genomics methods, we investigated the role of shoot apical meristem (SAM) in the development of the transverse morphology of bamboo culm and explored the underlying cellular and molecular processes. We discovered that maintenance of SAM morphology that can produce circular culm and increase in SAM cell numbers, especially corpus cells, is the means by which bamboo makes a larger culm with a regular pith cavity and culm wall during development. A less cellular form of SAM with a lower proportion of corpus cells causes an abnormal higher ratio of wall component cells to pith cells, which breaks the balance of their interaction and triggers the random invasion of wall component cells into pith tissues during development, and finally results in the various thick culm walls of Phyllostachys nidularia f. farcta. The smaller SAM also results in a lower level of hormones such as cytokinin and auxin, and down-regulates hormone signaling and the downstream functional genes such as those related to metabolism, which finally results in a dwarf and smaller diameter culm with lower biomass. These results provide an important perspective on the culm development of bamboo, and support a plausible mechanism causing the size-reduced culm and various thick culm walls of P. nidularia f. farcta.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujun Wang
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xuepeng Sun
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Yulong Ding
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhangjun Fei
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Chen Jiao
- Boyce Thompson Institute for Plant Research, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Mingyuan Fan
- International Education College, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang Wei
- Co-Innovation Center for Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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30
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Transcription-driven chromatin repression of Intragenic transcription start sites. PLoS Genet 2019; 15:e1007969. [PMID: 30707695 PMCID: PMC6373976 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2018] [Revised: 02/13/2019] [Accepted: 01/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Progression of RNA polymerase II (RNAPII) transcription relies on the appropriately positioned activities of elongation factors. The resulting profile of factors and chromatin signatures along transcription units provides a “positional information system” for transcribing RNAPII. Here, we investigate a chromatin-based mechanism that suppresses intragenic initiation of RNAPII transcription. We demonstrate that RNAPII transcription across gene promoters represses their function in plants. This repression is characterized by reduced promoter-specific molecular signatures and increased molecular signatures associated with RNAPII elongation. The conserved FACT histone chaperone complex is required for this repression mechanism. Genome-wide Transcription Start Site (TSS) mapping reveals thousands of discrete intragenic TSS positions in fact mutants, including downstream promoters that initiate alternative transcript isoforms. We find that histone H3 lysine 4 mono-methylation (H3K4me1), an Arabidopsis RNAPII elongation signature, is enriched at FACT-repressed intragenic TSSs. Our analyses suggest that FACT is required to repress intragenic TSSs at positions that are in part characterized by elevated H3K4me1 levels. In sum, conserved and plant-specific chromatin features correlate with the co-transcriptional repression of intragenic TSSs. Our insights into TSS repression by RNAPII transcription promise to inform the regulation of alternative transcript isoforms and the characterization of gene regulation through the act of pervasive transcription across eukaryotic genomes. Genes represent DNA elements that are transcribed into mRNA. However, the position where transcription actually starts can be dynamically regulated to expand the diversity of RNA isoforms produced from a single gene. Functionally, alternative Transcription Start Sites (TSSs) may generate protein isoforms with differing N-terminal regions and distinct cellular functions. In plants, light signaling regulates protein isoforms largely through regulated TSS selection, emphasizing the biological significance of this mechanism. Despite the importance of alternative TSS selection, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanisms. Here, we characterize for the first time how transcription initiation from an upstream promoter represses alternative downstream promoter activity in plants. This repression mechanism is associated with chromatin changes that are required to maintain precise gene expression control. Specific chromatin signatures are established during transcription via dynamic interactions between the transcription machinery and associated factors. The conserved histone chaperone complex FACT is one such factor involved in regulating the chromatin environment along genes during transcription. We find that mutant plants with reduced FACT activity specifically initiate transcription from thousands of intragenic positions, thus expanding RNA isoform diversity. Overall, our study reveals conserved and plant-specific chromatin features associated with the co-transcriptional repression of downstream intragenic TSSs. These findings promise to help inform the molecular mechanism underlying environmentally-triggered TSS regulation in plants.
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Qi L, Zhang X, Zhai H, Liu J, Wu F, Li C, Chen Q. Elongator Is Required for Root Stem Cell Maintenance by Regulating SHORTROOT Transcription. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 179:220-232. [PMID: 30401723 PMCID: PMC6324240 DOI: 10.1104/pp.18.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2018] [Accepted: 10/29/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
SHORTROOT (SHR) is essential for stem cell maintenance and radial patterning in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) roots, but how its expression is regulated is unknown. Here, we report that the Elongator complex, which consists of six subunits (ELP1 to ELP6), regulates the transcription of SHR Depletion of Elongator drastically reduced SHR expression and led to defective root stem cell maintenance and radial patterning. The importance of the nuclear localization of Elongator for its functioning, together with the insensitivity of the elp1 mutant to the transcription elongation inhibitor 6-azauracil, and the direct interaction of the ELP4 subunit with the carboxyl-terminal domain of RNA polymerase II, support the notion that Elongator plays important roles in transcription elongation. Indeed, we found that ELP3 associates with the premessenger RNA of SHR and that mutation of Elongator reduces the enrichment of RNA polymerase II on the SHR gene body. Moreover, Elongator interacted in vivo with SUPPRESSOR OF Ty4, a well-established transcription elongation factor that is recruited to the SHR locus. Together, these results demonstrate that Elongator acts in concert with SUPPRESSOR OF Ty4 to regulate the transcription of SHR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linlin Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyue Zhang
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Huawei Zhai
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Centre for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jian Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
| | - Fangming Wu
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Chuanyou Li
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Qian Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, China
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Lytvyn DI, Olenieva VD, Yemets AI, Blume YB. Histochemical Analysis of Tissue-Specific α-Tubulin Acetylation as a Response to Autophagy Induction by Different Stress Factors in Arabidopsis thaliana. CYTOL GENET+ 2018. [DOI: 10.3103/s0095452718040059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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33
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Pereira JA, Yu F, Zhang Y, Jones JB, Mou Z. The Arabidopsis Elongator Subunit ELP3 and ELP4 Confer Resistance to Bacterial Speck in Tomato. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1066. [PMID: 30087688 PMCID: PMC6066517 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 06/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Although production of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) is threatened by a number of major diseases worldwide, it has been difficult to identify effective and durable management measures against these diseases. In this study, we attempted to improve tomato disease resistance by transgenic overexpression of genes encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana Elongator (AtELP) complex subunits AtELP3 and AtELP4. We show that overexpression of AtELP3 and AtELP4 significantly enhanced resistance to tomato bacterial speck caused by the Pseudomonas syringae pv. tomato strain J4 (Pst J4) without clear detrimental effects on plant growth and development. Interestingly, the transgenic plants exhibited resistance to Pst J4 only when inoculated through foliar sprays but not through infiltration into the leaf apoplast. Although this result suggested possible involvement of stomatal immunity, we found that Pst J4 inoculation did not induce stomatal closure and there were no differences in stomatal apertures and conductance between the transgenic and control plants. Further RNA sequencing and real-time quantitative PCR analyses revealed a group of defense-related genes to be induced to higher levels after infection in the AtELP4 transgenic tomato plants than in the control, suggesting that the enhanced disease resistance of the transgenic plants may be attributed to elevated induction of defense responses. Additionally, we show that the tomato genome contains single-copy genes encoding all six Elongator subunits (SlELPs), which share high identities with the AtELP proteins, and that SlELP3 and SlELP4 complemented the Arabidopsis Atelp3 and Atelp4 mutants, respectively, indicating that the function of tomato Elongator is probably conserved. Taken together, our results not only shed new light on the tomato Elongator complex, but also revealed potential candidate genes for engineering disease resistance in tomato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliana A. Pereira
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Fahong Yu
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jeffrey B. Jones
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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34
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Mateo-Bonmatí E, Esteve-Bruna D, Juan-Vicente L, Nadi R, Candela H, Lozano FM, Ponce MR, Pérez-Pérez JM, Micol JL. INCURVATA11 and CUPULIFORMIS2 Are Redundant Genes That Encode Epigenetic Machinery Components in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2018; 30:1596-1616. [PMID: 29915151 PMCID: PMC6096603 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.18.00300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
All critical developmental and physiological events in a plant's life cycle depend on the proper activation and repression of specific gene sets, and this often involves epigenetic mechanisms. Some Arabidopsis thaliana mutants with disorders of the epigenetic machinery exhibit pleiotropic defects, including incurved leaves and early flowering, due to the ectopic and heterochronic derepression of developmental regulators. Here, we studied one such mutant class, the incurvata11 (icu11) loss-of-function mutants. We have identified ICU11 as the founding member of a small gene family that we have named CUPULIFORMIS (CP). This family is part of the 2-oxoglutarate/Fe(II)-dependent dioxygenase superfamily. ICU11 and its closest paralog, CP2, have unequally redundant functions: although cp2 mutants are phenotypically wild type, icu11 cp2 double mutants skip vegetative development and flower upon germination. This phenotype is reminiscent of loss-of-function mutants of the Polycomb-group genes EMBRYONIC FLOWER1 (EMF1) and EMF2 Double mutants harboring icu11 alleles and loss-of-function alleles of genes encoding components of the epigenetic machinery exhibit synergistic, severe phenotypes, and some are similar to those of emf mutants. Hundreds of genes are misexpressed in icu11 plants, including SEPALLATA3 (SEP3), and derepression of SEP3 causes the leaf phenotype of icu11 ICU11 and CP2 are nucleoplasmic proteins that act as epigenetic repressors through an unknown mechanism involving histone modification, but not DNA methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Mateo-Bonmatí
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - David Esteve-Bruna
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Lucía Juan-Vicente
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Riad Nadi
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Héctor Candela
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - Francisca María Lozano
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - María Rosa Ponce
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - José Manuel Pérez-Pérez
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
| | - José Luis Micol
- Instituto de Bioingeniería, Universidad Miguel Hernández, Campus de Elche, 03202 Elche, Spain
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35
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Dalwadi U, Yip CK. Structural insights into the function of Elongator. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1613-1622. [PMID: 29332244 PMCID: PMC11105301 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2747-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 12/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Conserved from yeast to humans, Elongator is a protein complex implicated in multiple processes including transcription regulation, α-tubulin acetylation, and tRNA modification, and its defects have been shown to cause human diseases such as familial dysautonomia. Elongator consists of two copies of six core subunits (Elp1, Elp2, Elp3, Elp4, Elp5, and Elp6) that are organized into two subcomplexes: Elp1/2/3 and Elp4/5/6 and form a stable assembly of ~ 850 kDa in size. Although the catalytic subunit of Elongator is Elp3, which contains a radical S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAM) domain and a putative histone acetyltransferase domain, the Elp4/5/6 subcomplex also possesses ATP-modulated tRNA binding activity. How at the molecular level, Elongator performs its multiple functions and how the different subunits regulate Elongator's activities remains poorly understood. Here, we provide an overview of the proposed functions of Elongator and describe how recent structural studies provide new insights into the mechanism of action of this multifunctional complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udit Dalwadi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Calvin K Yip
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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36
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Wang C, Zhang X, Li J, Zhang Y, Mou Z. The Elongator complex-associated protein DRL1 plays a positive role in immune responses against necrotrophic fungal pathogens in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT PATHOLOGY 2018; 19:286-299. [PMID: 27868335 PMCID: PMC6637984 DOI: 10.1111/mpp.12516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
DEFORMED ROOT AND LEAVES1 (DRL1) is an Arabidopsis homologue of the yeast TOXIN TARGET4 (TOT4)/KILLER TOXIN-INSENSITIVE12 (KTI12) protein that is physically associated with the RNA polymerase II-interacting protein complex named Elongator. Mutations in DRL1 and Elongator lead to similar morphological and molecular phenotypes, suggesting that DRL1 and Elongator may functionally overlap in Arabidopsis. We have shown previously that Elongator plays an important role in both salicylic acid (SA)- and jasmonic acid (JA)/ethylene (ET)-mediated defence responses. Here, we tested whether DRL1 also plays a similar role as Elongator in plant immune responses. Our results show that, although DRL1 partially contributes to SA-induced cytotoxicity, it does not play a significant role in SA-mediated expression of PATHOGENESIS-RELATED genes and resistance to the virulent bacterial pathogen Pseudomonas syringae pv. maculicola ES4326. In contrast, DRL1 is required for JA/ET- and necrotrophic fungal pathogen Botrytis cinerea-induced defence gene expression and for resistance to B. cinerea and Alternaria brassicicola. Furthermore, unlike the TOT4/KTI12 gene which, when overexpressed in yeast, confers zymocin resistance, a phenotype of the tot4/kti12 mutant, overexpression of DRL1 does not change B. cinerea-induced defence gene expression and resistance to this pathogen. Finally, DRL1 contains an N-terminal P-loop and a C-terminal calmodulin (CaM)-binding domain and is a CaM-binding protein. We demonstrate that both the P-loop and the CaM-binding domain are essential for the function of DRL1 in B. cinerea-induced expression of PDF1.2 and ORA59, and in resistance to B. cinerea, suggesting that the function of DRL1 in plant immunity may be regulated by ATP/GTP and CaM binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenggang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell ScienceUniversity of Florida, PO Box 110700GainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Xudong Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell ScienceUniversity of Florida, PO Box 110700GainesvilleFL32611USA
| | - Jian‐Liang Li
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute at Lake NonaOrlandoFL32827USA
| | - Yanping Zhang
- Interdisciplinary Center for Biotechnology Research, University of Florida, PO Box 103622GainesvilleFL32610USA
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell ScienceUniversity of Florida, PO Box 110700GainesvilleFL32611USA
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37
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Woloszynska M, Gagliardi O, Vandenbussche F, De Groeve S, Alonso Baez L, Neyt P, Le Gall S, Fung J, Mas P, Van Der Straeten D, Van Lijsebettens M. The Elongator complex regulates hypocotyl growth in darkness and during photomorphogenesis. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.203927. [PMID: 28720596 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.203927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The Elongator complex (hereafter Elongator) promotes RNA polymerase II-mediated transcript elongation through epigenetic activities such as histone acetylation. Elongator regulates growth, development, immune response and sensitivity to drought and abscisic acid. We demonstrate that elo mutants exhibit defective hypocotyl elongation but have a normal apical hook in darkness and are hyposensitive to light during photomorphogenesis. These elo phenotypes are supported by transcriptome changes, including downregulation of circadian clock components, positive regulators of skoto- or photomorphogenesis, hormonal pathways and cell wall biogenesis-related factors. The downregulated genes LHY, HFR1 and HYH are selectively targeted by Elongator for histone H3K14 acetylation in darkness. The role of Elongator in early seedling development in darkness and light is supported by hypocotyl phenotypes of mutants defective in components of the gene network regulated by Elongator, and by double mutants between elo and mutants in light or darkness signaling components. A model is proposed in which Elongator represses the plant immune response and promotes hypocotyl elongation and photomorphogenesis via transcriptional control of positive photomorphogenesis regulators and a growth-regulatory network that converges on genes involved in cell wall biogenesis and hormone signaling.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Woloszynska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Olimpia Gagliardi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Department of Physiology, Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Ghent University, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steven De Groeve
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Luis Alonso Baez
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Pia Neyt
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Sabine Le Gall
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium.,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Jorge Fung
- Center for Research in AgriGenomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Paloma Mas
- Center for Research in AgriGenomics (CRAG), Consortium CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, 08193 Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium .,VIB Center for Plant Systems Biology, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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38
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Woloszynska M, Gagliardi O, Vandenbussche F, Van Lijsebettens M. Elongator promotes germination and early post-germination growth. PLANT SIGNALING & BEHAVIOR 2018; 13:e1422465. [PMID: 29286868 PMCID: PMC5790400 DOI: 10.1080/15592324.2017.1422465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/19/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The Elongator complex interacts with RNA polymerase II and via histone acetylation and DNA demethylation facilitates epigenetically the transcription of genes involved in diverse processes in plants, including growth, development, and immune response. Recently, we have shown that the Elongator complex promotes hypocotyl elongation and photomorphogenesis in Arabidopsis thaliana by regulating the photomorphogenesis and growth-related gene network that converges on genes implicated in cell wall biogenesis and hormone signaling. Here, we report that germination in the elo mutant was delayed by 6 h in the dark when compared to the wild type in a time lapse and germination assay. A number of germination-correlated genes were down-regulated in the elo transcriptome, suggesting a transcriptional regulation by Elongator. We also show that the hypocotyl elongation defect observed in the elo mutants in darkness originates very early in the post-germination development and is independent from the germination delay.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Woloszynska
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Genetics, Faculty of Biology and Animal Sciences, Wroclaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Olimpia Gagliardi
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Filip Vandenbussche
- Laboratory of Functional Plant Biology, Department of Biology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, Ghent, Belgium
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39
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Wang Y, Pang C, Li X, Hu Z, Lv Z, Zheng B, Chen P. Identification of tRNA nucleoside modification genes critical for stress response and development in rice and Arabidopsis. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:261. [PMID: 29268705 PMCID: PMC5740945 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1206-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/06/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Modification of nucleosides on transfer RNA (tRNA) is important either for correct mRNA decoding process or for tRNA structural stabilization. Nucleoside methylations catalyzed by MTase (methyltransferase) are the most common type among all tRNA nucleoside modifications. Although tRNA modified nucleosides and modification enzymes have been extensively studied in prokaryotic systems, similar research remains preliminary in higher plants, especially in crop species, such as rice (Oryza sativa). Rice is a monocot model plant as well as an important cereal crop, and stress tolerance and yield are of great importance for rice breeding. RESULTS In this study, we investigated how the composition and abundance of tRNA modified nucleosides could change in response to drought, salt and cold stress, as well as in different tissues during the whole growth season in two model plants-O. sativa and Arabidopsis thaliana. Twenty two and 20 MTase candidate genes were identified in rice and Arabidopsis, respectively, by protein sequence homology and conserved domain analysis. Four methylated nucleosides, Am, Cm, m1A and m7G, were found to be very important in stress response both in rice and Arabidopsis. Additionally, three nucleosides,Gm, m5U and m5C, were involved in plant development. Hierarchical clustering analysis revealed consistency on Am, Cm, m1A and m7G MTase candidate genes, and the abundance of the corresponding nucleoside under stress conditions. The same is true for Gm, m5U and m5C modifications and corresponding methylation genes in different tissues during different developmental stages. CONCLUSIONS We identified candidate genes for various tRNA modified nucleosides in rice and Arabidopsis, especially on MTases for methylated nucleosides. Based on bioinformatics analysis, nucleoside abundance assessments and gene expression profiling, we propose four methylated nucleosides (Am, Cm, m1A and m7G) that are critical for stress response in rice and Arabidopsis, and three methylated nucleosides (Gm, m5U and m5C) that might be important during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youmei Wang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Chaoqun Pang
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Xukai Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi Province 030801 China
| | - Zhen Hu
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Zhengyi Lv
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology of Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
| | - Peng Chen
- Biomass and Bioenergy Research Centre, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
- College of Plant Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070 China
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Silva KJP, Brunings AM, Pereira JA, Peres NA, Folta KM, Mou Z. The Arabidopsis ELP3/ELO3 and ELP4/ELO1 genes enhance disease resistance in Fragaria vesca L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 17:230. [PMID: 29191170 PMCID: PMC5709926 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-017-1173-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/13/2017] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plant immune response is associated with a large-scale transcriptional reprogramming, which is regulated by numerous transcription regulators such as the Elongator complex. Elongator is a multitasking protein complex involved in diverse cellular processes, including histone modification, DNA methylation, and tRNA modification. In recent years, Elongator is emerging as a key regulator of plant immune responses. However, characterization of Elongator's function in plant immunity has been conducted only in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. It is thus unclear whether Elongator's role in plant immunity is conserved in higher plants. The objective of this study is to characterize transgenic woodland strawberry (Fragaria vesca L.) overexpressing the Arabidopsis Elongator (AtELP) genes, AtELP3 and AtELP4, and to determine whether F. vesca carries a functional Elongator complex. METHODS Transgenic F. vesca and Arabidopsis plants were produced via Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation and characterized by morphology, PCR, real-time quantitative PCR, and disease resistance test. The Student's t test was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Overexpression of AtELP3 and AtELP4 in F. vesca impacts plant growth and development and confers enhanced resistance to anthracnose crown rot, powdery mildew, and angular leaf spot, which are caused by the hemibiotrophic fungal pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, the obligate biotrophic fungal pathogen Podosphaera aphanis, and the hemibiotrophic bacterial pathogen Xanthomonas fragariae, respectively. Moreover, the F. vesca genome encodes all six Elongator subunits by single-copy genes with the exception of FvELP4, which is encoded by two homologous genes, FvELP4-1 and FvELP4-2. We show that FvELP4-1 complemented the Arabidopsis Atelp4/elo1-1 mutant, indicating that FvELP4 is biologically functional. CONCLUSIONS This is the first report on overexpression of Elongator genes in plants. Our results indicate that the function of Elongator in plant immunity is most likely conserved in F. vesca and suggest that Elongator genes may hold potential for helping mitigate disease severity and reduce the use of fungicides in strawberry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katchen Julliany P. Silva
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Asha M. Brunings
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Juliana A. Pereira
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Natalia A. Peres
- Department of Plant Pathology, Gulf Coast Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Wimauma, FL 33598 USA
| | - Kevin M. Folta
- Department of Horticultural Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611 USA
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Dauden MI, Jaciuk M, Müller CW, Glatt S. Structural asymmetry in the eukaryotic Elongator complex. FEBS Lett 2017; 592:502-515. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maria I. Dauden
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany
| | - Marcin Jaciuk
- Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
| | - Christoph W. Müller
- Structural and Computational Biology Unit European Molecular Biology Laboratory Heidelberg Germany
| | - Sebastian Glatt
- Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology Jagiellonian University Krakow Poland
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Mehlgarten C, Prochaska H, Hammermeister A, Abdel-Fattah W, Wagner M, Krutyhołowa R, Jun SE, Kim GT, Glatt S, Breunig KD, Stark MJR, Schaffrath R. Use of a Yeast tRNase Killer Toxin to Diagnose Kti12 Motifs Required for tRNA Modification by Elongator. Toxins (Basel) 2017; 9:E272. [PMID: 28872616 PMCID: PMC5618205 DOI: 10.3390/toxins9090272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2017] [Revised: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 09/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells are killed by zymocin, a tRNase ribotoxin complex from Kluyveromyces lactis, which cleaves anticodons and inhibits protein synthesis. Zymocin's action requires specific chemical modification of uridine bases in the anticodon wobble position (U34) by the Elongator complex (Elp1-Elp6). Hence, loss of anticodon modification in mutants lacking Elongator or related KTI (K. lactis Toxin Insensitive) genes protects against tRNA cleavage and confers resistance to the toxin. Here, we show that zymocin can be used as a tool to genetically analyse KTI12, a gene previously shown to code for an Elongator partner protein. From a kti12 mutant pool of zymocin survivors, we identify motifs in Kti12 that are functionally directly coupled to Elongator activity. In addition, shared requirement of U34 modifications for nonsense and missense tRNA suppression (SUP4; SOE1) strongly suggests that Kti12 and Elongator cooperate to assure proper tRNA functioning. We show that the Kti12 motifs are conserved in plant ortholog DRL1/ELO4 from Arabidopsis thaliana and seem to be involved in binding of cofactors (e.g., nucleotides, calmodulin). Elongator interaction defects triggered by mutations in these motifs correlate with phenotypes typical for loss of U34 modification. Thus, tRNA modification by Elongator appears to require physical contact with Kti12, and our preliminary data suggest that metabolic signals may affect proper communication between them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constance Mehlgarten
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Heike Prochaska
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Alexander Hammermeister
- Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Wael Abdel-Fattah
- Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
| | - Melanie Wagner
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Rościsław Krutyhołowa
- Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland.
- Department of Cell Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Sang Eun Jun
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Gyung-Tae Kim
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Korea.
| | - Sebastian Glatt
- Max Planck Research Group at the Malopolska Centre of Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, 31-007 Krakow, Poland.
| | - Karin D Breunig
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
| | - Michael J R Stark
- Centre for Gene Regulation & Expression, School of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 5EH, UK.
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Institut für Biologie, Martin Luther Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, 06120 Halle/Saale, Germany.
- Institut für Biologie, FG Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, Heirich-Plett-Str. 40, 34132 Kassel, Germany.
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Uhrig RG, Schläpfer P, Mehta D, Hirsch-Hoffmann M, Gruissem W. Genome-scale analysis of regulatory protein acetylation enzymes from photosynthetic eukaryotes. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:514. [PMID: 28679357 PMCID: PMC5499015 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3894-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Reversible protein acetylation occurring on Lys-Ne has emerged as a key regulatory post-translational modification in eukaryotes. It is mediated by two groups of enzymes: lysine acetyltransferases (KATs) and lysine deacetylases (KDACs) that catalyze the addition and removal of acetyl groups from target proteins. Estimates indicate that protein acetylation is second to protein phosphorylation in abundance, with thousands of acetylated sites now identified in different subcellular compartments. Considering the important regulatory role of protein phosphorylation, elucidating the diversity of KATs and KDACs across photosynthetic eukaryotes is essential in furthering our understanding of the impact of reversible protein acetylation on plant cell processes. Results We report a genome-scale analysis of lysine acetyltransferase (KAT)- and lysine deacetylase (KDAC)-families from 53 photosynthetic eukaryotes. KAT and KDAC orthologs were identified in sequenced genomes ranging from glaucophytes and algae to land plants and then analyzed for evolutionary relationships. Based on consensus molecular phylogenetic and subcellular localization data we found new sub-classes of enzymes in established KAT- and KDAC-families. Specifically, we identified a non-photosynthetic origin of the HD-tuin family KDACs, a new monocot-specific Class I HDA-family sub-class, and a phylogenetically distinct Class II algal/heterokont sub-class which maintains an ankyrin domain not conserved in land plant Class II KDACs. Protein structure analysis showed that HDA- and SRT-KDACs exist as bare catalytic subunits with highly conserved median protein length, while all KATs maintained auxiliary domains, with CBP- and TAFII250-KATs displaying protein domain gain and loss over the course of photosynthetic eukaryote evolution in addition to variable protein length. Lastly, promoter element enrichment analyses across species revealed conserved cis-regulatory sequences that support KAT and KDAC involvement in the regulation of plant development, cold/drought stress response, as well as cellular processes such as the circadian clock. Conclusions Our results reveal new evolutionary, structural, and biological insights into the KAT- and KDAC-families of photosynthetic eukaryotes, including evolutionary parallels to protein kinases and protein phosphatases. Further, we provide a comprehensive annotation framework through our extensive phylogenetic analysis, from which future research investigating aspects of protein acetylation in plants can use to position new findings in a broader context. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-017-3894-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Glen Uhrig
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Pascal Schläpfer
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland.,Plant Biology Department, Carnegie Institution for Science, Stanford, CA, 94305, USA
| | - Devang Mehta
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Hirsch-Hoffmann
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Wilhelm Gruissem
- Department of Biology, Institute of Molecular Plant Biology, ETH Zurich, Universitätstrasse 2, 8092, Zurich, Switzerland
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Shao W, Lv C, Zhang Y, Wang J, Chen C. Involvement of BcElp4 in vegetative development, various environmental stress response and virulence of Botrytis cinerea. Microb Biotechnol 2017; 10:886-895. [PMID: 28474462 PMCID: PMC5481526 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.12720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2017] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 03/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Saccharomyces cerevisiae Elongator complex consisting of the six Elp1-Elp6 proteins has been proposed to participate in three distinct cellular processes: transcriptional elongation, polarized exocytosis and formation of modified wobble uridines in tRNA. In this study, we investigated the function of BcElp4 in Botrytis cinerea, which is homologous to S. cerevisiae Elp4. A bcelp4 deletion mutant was significantly impaired in vegetative growth, sclerotia formation and melanin biosynthesis. This mutant exhibited decreased sensitivity to osmotic and oxidative stresses as well as cell way-damaging agent. Pathogenicity assays revealed that BcElp4 is involved in the virulence of B. cinerea. In addition, the deletion of bcelp4 led to increased aerial mycelia development. All these defects were restored by genetic complementation of the bcelp4 deletion mutant with the wild-type bcelp4 gene. The results of this study indicated that BcElp4 is involved in regulation of vegetative development, various environmental stress response and virulence in B. cinerea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyong Shao
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Chiyuan Lv
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Jin Wang
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changjun Chen
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
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An C, Wang C, Mou Z. The Arabidopsis Elongator complex is required for nonhost resistance against the bacterial pathogens Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola NPS3121. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2017; 214:1245-1259. [PMID: 28134437 DOI: 10.1111/nph.14442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2016] [Accepted: 12/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Although in recent years nonhost resistance has attracted considerable attention for its broad spectrum and durability, the genetic and mechanistic components of nonhost resistance have not been fully understood. We used molecular and histochemical approaches including quantitative PCR, chromatin immunoprecipitation, and 3,3'-diaminobenzidine and aniline blue staining. The evolutionarily conserved histone acetyltransferase complex Elongator was identified as a major component of nonhost resistance against Xanthomonas citri subsp. citri (Xcc) and Pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola (Psp) NPS3121. Mutations in Elongator genes inhibit Xcc-, Psp NPS3121- and/or flg22-induced defense responses including defense gene expression, callose deposition, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and salicylic acid (SA) accumulation. Mutations in Elongator also attenuate the ROS-SA amplification loop. We show that suppressed ROS and SA accumulation in Elongator mutants is correlated with reduced expression of the Arabidopsis respiratory burst oxidase homologue AtrbohD and the SA biosynthesis gene ISOCHORISMATE SYNTHASE1 (ICS1). Furthermore, we found that the Elongator subunit ELP2 is associated with the chromatin of AtrbohD and ICS1 and is required for maintaining basal histone H3 acetylation levels in these key defense genes. As both AtrbohD and ICS1 contribute to nonhost resistance against Xcc, our results reveal an epigenetic mechanism by which Elongator regulates nonhost resistance in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuanfu An
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Chenggang Wang
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
| | - Zhonglin Mou
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, PO Box 110700, Gainesville, FL, 32611, USA
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46
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Candidate genes for adaptation to an aquatic habitat recovered from Ranunculus bungei and Ranunculus sceleratus. BIOCHEM SYST ECOL 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bse.2017.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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47
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Peng M, Ying P, Liu X, Li C, Xia R, Li J, Zhao M. Genome-Wide Identification of Histone Modifiers and Their Expression Patterns during Fruit Abscission in Litchi. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:639. [PMID: 28496451 PMCID: PMC5406457 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Modifications to histones, including acetylation and methylation processes, play crucial roles in the regulation of gene expression in plant development as well as in stress responses. However, limited information on the enzymes catalyzing histone acetylation and methylation in non-model plants is currently available. In this study, several histone modifier (HM) types, including six histone acetyltransferases (HATs), 11 histone deacetylases (HDACs), 48 histone methyltransferases (HMTs), and 22 histone demethylases (HDMs), are identified in litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn. cv. Feizixiao) based on similarities in their sequences to homologs in Arabidopsis (A. thaliana), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), and rice (Oryza sativa). Phylogenetic analyses reveal that HM enzymes can be grouped into four HAT, two HDAC, two HMT, and two HDM subfamilies, respectively, while further expression profile analyses demonstrate that 17 HMs were significantly altered during fruit abscission in two field treatments. Analyses reveal that these genes exhibit four distinct patterns of expression in response to fruit abscission, while an in vitro assay was used to confirm the HDAC activity of LcHDA2, LcHDA6, and LcSRT2. Our findings are the first in-depth analysis of HMs in the litchi genome, and imply that some are likely to play important roles in fruit abscission in this commercially important plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manjun Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Peiyuan Ying
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Xuncheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou, China
| | - Caiqin Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Rui Xia
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Jianguo Li
| | - Minglei Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, China Litchi Research Center, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Guangdong Litchi Engineering Research Center, College of Horticulture, South China Agricultural UniversityGuangzhou, China
- Minglei Zhao
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Kojic M, Wainwright B. The Many Faces of Elongator in Neurodevelopment and Disease. Front Mol Neurosci 2016; 9:115. [PMID: 27847465 PMCID: PMC5088202 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2016.00115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Development of the nervous system requires a variety of cellular activities, such as proliferation, migration, axonal outgrowth and guidance and synapse formation during the differentiation of neural precursors into mature neurons. Malfunction of these highly regulated and coordinated events results in various neurological diseases. The Elongator complex is a multi-subunit complex highly conserved in eukaryotes whose function has been implicated in the majority of cellular activities underlying neurodevelopment. These activities include cell motility, actin cytoskeleton organization, exocytosis, polarized secretion, intracellular trafficking and the maintenance of neural function. Several studies have associated mutations in Elongator subunits with the neurological disorders familial dysautonomia (FD), intellectual disability (ID), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and rolandic epilepsy (RE). Here, we review the various cellular activities assigned to this complex and discuss the implications for neural development and disease. Further research in this area has the potential to generate new diagnostic tools, better prevention strategies and more effective treatment options for a wide variety of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marija Kojic
- Genomics of Development and Disease Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Brandon Wainwright
- Genomics of Development and Disease Division, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Iñigo S, Durand AN, Ritter A, Le Gall S, Termathe M, Klassen R, Tohge T, De Coninck B, Van Leene J, De Clercq R, Cammue BPA, Fernie AR, Gevaert K, De Jaeger G, Leidel SA, Schaffrath R, Van Lijsebettens M, Pauwels L, Goossens A. Glutaredoxin GRXS17 Associates with the Cytosolic Iron-Sulfur Cluster Assembly Pathway. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2016; 172:858-873. [PMID: 27503603 PMCID: PMC5047072 DOI: 10.1104/pp.16.00261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 08/03/2016] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Cytosolic monothiol glutaredoxins (GRXs) are required in iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster delivery and iron sensing in yeast and mammals. In plants, it is unclear whether they have similar functions. Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) has a sole class II cytosolic monothiol GRX encoded by GRXS17 Here, we used tandem affinity purification to establish that Arabidopsis GRXS17 associates with most known cytosolic Fe-S assembly (CIA) components. Similar to mutant plants with defective CIA components, grxs17 loss-of-function mutants showed some degree of hypersensitivity to DNA damage and elevated expression of DNA damage marker genes. We also found that several putative Fe-S client proteins directly bind to GRXS17, such as XANTHINE DEHYDROGENASE1 (XDH1), involved in the purine salvage pathway, and CYTOSOLIC THIOURIDYLASE SUBUNIT1 and CYTOSOLIC THIOURIDYLASE SUBUNIT2, both essential for the 2-thiolation step of 5-methoxycarbonylmethyl-2-thiouridine (mcm5s2U) modification of tRNAs. Correspondingly, profiling of the grxs17-1 mutant pointed to a perturbed flux through the purine degradation pathway and revealed that it phenocopied mutants in the elongator subunit ELO3, essential for the mcm5 tRNA modification step, although we did not find XDH1 activity or tRNA thiolation to be markedly reduced in the grxs17-1 mutant. Taken together, our data suggest that plant cytosolic monothiol GRXs associate with the CIA complex, as in other eukaryotes, and contribute to, but are not essential for, the correct functioning of client Fe-S proteins in unchallenged conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Iñigo
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Astrid Nagels Durand
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Andrés Ritter
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Sabine Le Gall
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Martin Termathe
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Roland Klassen
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Takayuki Tohge
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Barbara De Coninck
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Jelle Van Leene
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Rebecca De Clercq
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Bruno P A Cammue
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Geert De Jaeger
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Sebastian A Leidel
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Raffael Schaffrath
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Mieke Van Lijsebettens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Laurens Pauwels
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
| | - Alain Goossens
- Department of Plant Systems Biology, VIB, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., B.D.C., J.V.L., R.D.C., B.P.A.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, B-9052 Ghent, Belgium (S.I., A.N.D., A.R., S.L.G., J.V.L., R.D.C., G.D.J., M.V.L., L.P., A.G.);Max Planck Research Group for RNA Biology, Max Planck Institute for Molecular Biomedicine, 48149 Muenster, Germany (M.T., S.A.L.);Institut für Biologie, Fachgebiet Mikrobiologie, Universität Kassel, D-34132 Kassel, Germany (R.K., R.S.);Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany (T.T., A.R.F.);Centre of Microbial and Plant Genetics, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven, B-3001 Leuven, Belgium (B.D.C., B.P.A.C.);Cells-in-Motion Cluster of Excellence (M.T., S.A.L.) and Faculty of Medicine (S.A.L.), University of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany;Department of Medical Protein Research, VIB, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.); andDepartment of Biochemistry, Ghent University, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium (K.G.)
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Structural basis for tRNA modification by Elp3 from Dehalococcoides mccartyi. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2016; 23:794-802. [PMID: 27455459 PMCID: PMC5018218 DOI: 10.1038/nsmb.3265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
During translation elongation decoding is based on the recognition of codons by corresponding tRNA anticodon triplets. Molecular mechanisms that regulate global protein synthesis via specific base modifications in tRNA anticodons have recently received increasing attention. The conserved eukaryotic Elongator complex specifically modifies uridines located in the wobble base position of tRNAs. Here, we present the crystal structure of Dehalococcoides mccartyi Elp3 (DmcElp3) at 2.15 Å resolution. Our results reveal the unexpected arrangement of Elp3 lysine acetyl transferase (KAT) and radical S-adenosyl-methionine (SAM) domains that share a large interface to form a composite active site and tRNA binding pocket with an iron sulfur cluster located in the dimerization interface of two DmcElp3 molecules. Structure-guided mutagenesis studies of yeast Elp3 confirm the relevance of our findings for eukaryotic Elp3s and for understanding Elongator’s role in the onset of various neurodegenerative diseases and cancer in humans.
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