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Hildebrandt F, Mohammed M, Dziedziech A, Bhandage AK, Divne AM, Barrenäs F, Barragan A, Henriksson J, Ankarklev J. scDual-Seq of Toxoplasma gondii-infected mouse BMDCs reveals heterogeneity and differential infection dynamics. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1224591. [PMID: 37575232 PMCID: PMC10415529 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1224591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells and macrophages are integral parts of the innate immune system and gatekeepers against infection. The protozoan pathogen, Toxoplasma gondii, is known to hijack host immune cells and modulate their immune response, making it a compelling model to study host-pathogen interactions. Here we utilize single cell Dual RNA-seq to parse out heterogeneous transcription of mouse bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) infected with two distinct genotypes of T. gondii parasites, over multiple time points post infection. We show that the BMDCs elicit differential responses towards T. gondii infection and that the two parasite lineages distinctly manipulate subpopulations of infected BMDCs. Co-expression networks define host and parasite genes, with implications for modulation of host immunity. Integrative analysis validates previously established immune pathways and additionally, suggests novel candidate genes involved in host-pathogen interactions. Altogether, this study provides a comprehensive resource for characterizing host-pathogen interplay at high-resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Hildebrandt
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mubasher Mohammed
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alexis Dziedziech
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Global Health, Institut Pasteur, Paris, France
| | - Amol K. Bhandage
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna-Maria Divne
- Microbial Single Cell Genomics Facility, SciLifeLab, Biomedical Center (BMC) Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Barrenäs
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Antonio Barragan
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Johan Henriksson
- Laboratory of Molecular Infection Medicine Sweden (MIMS), Umeå Center for Microbial Research, Department of Molecular Biology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden
| | - Johan Ankarklev
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The Wenner Gren Institute, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Microbial Single Cell Genomics Facility, SciLifeLab, Biomedical Center (BMC) Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Sala S, Oakes PW. Stress fiber strain recognition by the LIM protein testin is cryptic and mediated by RhoA. Mol Biol Cell 2021; 32:1758-1771. [PMID: 34038160 PMCID: PMC8684727 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e21-03-0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is a key regulator of mechanical processes in cells. The family of LIM domain proteins have recently emerged as important mechanoresponsive cytoskeletal elements capable of sensing strain in the actin cytoskeleton. The mechanisms regulating this mechanosensitive behavior, however, remain poorly understood. Here we show that the LIM domain protein testin is peculiar in that despite the full-length protein primarily appearing diffuse in the cytoplasm, the C-terminal LIM domains alone recognize focal adhesions and strained actin, while the N-terminal domains alone recognize stress fibers. Phosphorylation mutations in the dimerization regions of testin, however, reveal its mechanosensitivity and cause it to relocate to focal adhesions and sites of strain in the actin cytoskeleton. Finally, we demonstrate that activated RhoA causes testin to adorn stress fibers and become mechanosensitive. Together, our data show that testin’s mechanoresponse is regulated in cells and provide new insights into LIM domain protein recognition of the actin cytoskeleton’s mechanical state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sala
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153
| | - Patrick W Oakes
- Department of Cell and Molecular Physiology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, IL 60153
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3
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Papanikolaou M, Crump SM, Abbott GW. The focal adhesion protein Testin modulates KCNE2 potassium channel β subunit activity. Channels (Austin) 2021; 15:229-238. [PMID: 33464998 PMCID: PMC7833772 DOI: 10.1080/19336950.2021.1874119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) typically kills more people globally each year than any other single cause of death. A better understanding of genetic predisposition to CAD and the underlying mechanisms will help to identify those most at risk and contribute to improved therapeutic approaches. KCNE2 is a functionally versatile, ubiquitously expressed potassium channel β subunit associated with CAD and cardiac arrhythmia susceptibility in humans and mice. Here, to identify novel KCNE2 interaction partners, we employed yeast two-hybrid screening of adult and fetal human heart libraries using the KCNE2 intracellular C-terminal domain as bait. Testin (encoded by TES), an endothelial cell-expressed, CAD-associated, focal adhesion protein, was identified as a high-confidence interaction partner for KCNE2. We confirmed physical association between KCNE2 and Testin in vitro by co-immunoprecipitation. Whole-cell patch clamp electrophysiology revealed that KCNE2 negative-shifts the voltage dependence and increases the rate of activation of the endothelial cell and cardiomyocyte-expressed Kv channel α subunit, Kv1.5 in CHO cells, whereas Testin did not alter Kv1.5 function. However, Testin nullified KCNE2 effects on Kv1.5 voltage dependence and gating kinetics. In contrast, Testin did not prevent KCNE2 regulation of KCNQ1 gating. The data identify a novel role for Testin as a tertiary ion channel regulatory protein. Future studies will address the potential role for KCNE2-Testin interactions in arterial and myocyte physiology and CAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Papanikolaou
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Shawn M Crump
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Geoffrey W Abbott
- Bioelectricity Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of California , Irvine, CA, USA
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4
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Machnicka B, Ponceau A, Picot J, Colin Y, Lecomte MC. Deficiency of αII-spectrin affects endothelial cell-matrix contact and migration leading to impairment of angiogenesis in vitro. Cell Mol Biol Lett 2020; 25:3. [PMID: 32042281 PMCID: PMC6998227 DOI: 10.1186/s11658-020-0200-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Precise coordination of cytoskeletal components and dynamic control of cell adhesion and migration are required for crucial cell processes such as differentiation and morphogenesis. We investigated the potential involvement of αII-spectrin, a ubiquitous scaffolding element of the membrane skeleton, in the adhesion and angiogenesis mechanism. Methods The cell models were primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) and a human dermal microvascular endothelial cell line (HMEC-1). After siRNA- and shRNA-mediated knockdown of αII-spectrin, we assessed its expression and that of its partners and adhesion proteins using western blotting. The phenotypes of the control and spectrin-depleted cells were examined using immunofluorescence and video microscopy. Capillary tube formation was assessed using the thick gel Matrigel matrix-based method and a microscope equipped with a thermostatic chamber and a Nikon Biostation System camera. Results Knockdown of αII-spectrin leads to: modified cell shape; actin cytoskeleton organization with the presence of peripheral actin patches; and decreased formation of stress fibers. Spectrin deficiency affects cell adhesion on laminin and fibronectin and cell motility. This included modification of the localization of adhesion molecules, such as αVβ3- and α5-integrins, and organization of adhesion structures, such as focal points. Deficiency of αII-spectrin can also affect the complex mechanism of in vitro capillary tube formation, as demonstrated in a model of angiogenesis. Live imaging revealed that impairment of capillary tube assembly was mainly associated with a significant decrease in cell projection length and stability. αII-spectrin depletion is also associated with significantly decreased expression of three proteins involved in capillary tube formation and assembly: VE-cadherin, MCAM and β3-integrin. Conclusion Our data confirm the role of αII-spectrin in the control of cell adhesion and spreading. Moreover, our findings further support the participation of αII-spectrin in capillary tube formation in vitro through control of adhesion molecules, such as integrins. This indicates a new function of αII-spectrin in angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beata Machnicka
- 1University of Zielona Góra, Institute of Biological Sciences, Zielona Góra, Poland
| | - Aurélie Ponceau
- 2Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France.,3Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Julien Picot
- 2Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France.,3Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Yves Colin
- 2Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France.,3Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
| | - Marie-Christine Lecomte
- 2Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge, UMR_S1134, BIGR, INSERM, Université de Paris, F-75015 Paris, France.,3Institut National de la Transfusion Sanguine, F-75015 Paris, France.,Laboratoire d'Excellence GR-Ex, Paris, France
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5
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Adams CL, Dimitrova I, Post MD, Gibson L, Spillman MA, Behbakht K, Bradford AP. Identification of a novel diagnostic gene expression signature to discriminate uterine leiomyoma from leiomyosarcoma. Exp Mol Pathol 2019; 110:104284. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexmp.2019.104284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 06/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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6
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Wang DD, Chen YB, Zhao JJ, Zhang XF, Zhu GC, Weng DS, Pan K, Lv L, Pan QZ, Jiang SS, Wang LL, Xia JC. TES functions as a Mena-dependent tumor suppressor in gastric cancer carcinogenesis and metastasis. Cancer Commun (Lond) 2019; 39:3. [PMID: 30728082 PMCID: PMC6366075 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-019-0347-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In our previous study, we identified a candidate tumor suppressor gene, testin LIM domain protein (TES), in primary gastric cancer (GC). TES contains three LIM domains, which are specific interacting regions for the cell adhesion and cytoskeleton regulatory proteins. Mena is a known cytoskeleton regulator that regulates the assembly of actin filaments and modulates cell adhesion and motility by interacting with Lamellipodin (Lpd). Therefore, we hypothesized that TES plays a role as tumor suppressor in GC through interacting with Mena. This study aimed to investigate the tumor suppressive functions of TES in GC. Methods We explored the tumor suppressive effect of TES in GC by in vitro cell proliferation assay, colony formation assay, cell cycle analysis, Transwell assays, and in vivo tumorigenicity and metastasis assays. The interaction of TES and Mena was investigated through immunoprecipitation-based mass spectrometry. We also analyzed the expression of TES and Mena in 172 GC specimens using immunohistochemistry and investigated the clinicopathological and prognostic significance of TES and Mena in GC. Results TES suppressed GC cell proliferation and colony formation, induced cell cycle arrest, and inhibited tumorigenicity in vitro. Additionally, it inhibited GC cell migration and invasion in vitro and suppressed metastasis in vivo. TES interacted with Mena, and inhibited the interaction of Mena with Lpd. Transwell assays suggested that TES suppressed migration and invasion of GC cells in a Mena-dependent fashion. In GC patients with high Mena expression, the expression of TES was associated with tumor infiltration (P = 0.005), lymph node metastasis (P = 0.003), TNM stage (P = 0.003), and prognosis (P = 0.010). However, no significant association was observed in GC patients with low Mena expression. Conclusions We believe that TES functions as a Mena-dependent tumor suppressor. TES represents a valuable prognostic marker and potential target for GC treatment. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s40880-019-0347-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan-Dan Wang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Back and Neck Pain Hospital, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, 250062, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Yi-Bing Chen
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Genetic and Prenatal Diagnosis Center, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, 450052, Henan, P.R. China
| | - Jing-Jing Zhao
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Fei Zhang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Guang-Chao Zhu
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - De-Sheng Weng
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Ke Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lin Lv
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Qiu-Zhong Pan
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Shan-Shan Jiang
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China
| | - Lei-Lei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Applied Microbiology of Shandong Province, Ecology Institute of Shandong Academy of Sciences, Jinan, 250014, Shandong, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Chuan Xia
- Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center; State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Guangdong Key Laboratory of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Diagnosis and Therapy, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China. .,Department of Biotherapy, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou, 510060, Guangdong, P.R. China.
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7
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Gao L, Liu Y, Guo S, Xiao L, Liang C, Wang X. Testin protects against cardiac hypertrophy by targeting a calcineurin-dependent signalling pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:328-339. [PMID: 30467953 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.13934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 09/03/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple organs express testin (TES), including the heart. Nevertheless, current understanding of the influence of TES on cardiovascular diseases, especially on cardiac hypertrophy and its etiology, is insufficient. This study investigated the influence of TES on cardiac hypertrophy and its etiology. Murine models with excessive TES expression specific to the heart were constructed with an adeno-associated virus expression system. Cardiac hypertrophy was stimulated through aortic banding (AB). The severity of cardiac hypertrophy was evaluated through molecular, echocardiographic, pathological, and hemodynamic examination. The findings of our study revealed that TES expression was remarkably suppressed not only in failing human hearts but also in mouse hearts with cardiac hypertrophy. It was discovered that excessive TES expression driven by an adeno-associated viral vector noticeably inhibited hypertrophy triggered by angiotensin II (Ang II) in cultivated cardiomyocytes from newborn rats. It was also revealed that TES knockdown via AdshTES caused the reverse phenotype in cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, it was proved that excessive TES expression attenuated the ventricular dilation, cardiac hypertrophy, dysfunction, and fibrosis triggered by AB in mice. It was discovered that TES directly interacted with calcineurin and suppressed its downstream signalling pathway. Moreover, the inactivation of calcineurin with cyclosporin A greatly offset the exacerbated hypertrophic response triggered by AB in TES knockdown mice. Overall, the findings of our study suggest that TES serves as a crucial regulator of the hypertrophic reaction by hindering the calcineurin-dependent pathway in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Sen Guo
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lili Xiao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Cui Liang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Xiaofang Wang
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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8
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Popiel A, Kobierzycki C, Dzięgiel P. The Role of Testin in Human Cancers. Pathol Oncol Res 2018; 25:1279-1284. [PMID: 30357755 PMCID: PMC6815323 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-018-0488-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Testin is a protein expressed in almost all normal human tissues. It locates in the cytoplasm along stress fibers being recruited to focal adhesions. Together with zyxin and vasodilator stimulated protein it forms complexes with various cytoskeleton proteins such as actin, talin and paxilin. They jointly play significant role in cell motility and adhesion. In addition, their involvement in the cell cycle has been demonstrated. Expression of testin protein level correlates positively with percentage of cells in G1 phase, while overexpression can induce apoptosis and decreased colony forming ability. Decreased testin expression associate with loss by cells epithelial morphology and gain migratory and invasive properties of mesenchymal cells. Latest reports indicate that TES is a tumor suppressor gene which can contribute to cancerogenesis but the mechanism of loss TES gene expression is still unknown. Some authors point out hypermethylation of the CpG island as a main factor, however loss of heterozygosity may also play an important role [4, 5]. The altered expression of testin was found in malignant neoplasm, i.a. ovarian, lung, head and neck squamous cell cancer, breast, endometrial, colorectal, prostate and gastric cancers [1-9]. Testin participate in the processes of tumor growth, angiogenesis, and metastasis [10]. Many researchers stated involvement of testin in tumor progression, what suggest its potential usage in immunotherapy [7, 11]. Understanding the molecular functions of testin may be crucial in development personalized treatment. In the present manuscript up-to-date review of literature can be found.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Popiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland. .,Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland.
| | - Christopher Kobierzycki
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Piotr Dzięgiel
- Division of Histology and Embryology, Department of Human Morphology and Embryology, Wroclaw Medical University, Wroclaw, Poland
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9
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Smith JR, David LL, Appukuttan B, Wilmarth PA. Angiogenic and Immunologic Proteins Identified by Deep Proteomic Profiling of Human Retinal and Choroidal Vascular Endothelial Cells: Potential Targets for New Biologic Drugs. Am J Ophthalmol 2018; 193:197-229. [PMID: 29559410 PMCID: PMC6109601 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajo.2018.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Diseases that involve retinal or choroidal vascular endothelial cells are leading causes of vision loss: age-related macular degeneration, retinal ischemic vasculopathies, and noninfectious posterior uveitis. Proteins differentially expressed by these endothelial cell populations are potential drug targets. We used deep proteomic profiling to define the molecular phenotype of human retinal and choroidal endothelial cells at the protein level. METHODS Retinal and choroidal vascular endothelial cells were separately isolated from 5 human eye pairs by selection on CD31. Total protein was extracted and digested, and peptide fractions were analyzed by reverse-phase liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Peptide sequences were assigned to fragment ion spectra, and proteins were inferred from openly accessible protein databases. Protein abundance was determined by spectral counting. Publicly available software packages were used to identify proteins that were differentially expressed between human retinal and choroidal endothelial cells, and to classify proteins that were highly abundant in each endothelial cell population. RESULTS Human retinal and/or choroidal vascular endothelial cells expressed 5042 nonredundant proteins. Setting the differential expression false discovery rate at 0.05, 498 proteins of 3454 quantifiable proteins (14.4%) with minimum mean spectral counts of 2.5 were differentially abundant in the 2 cell populations. Retinal and choroidal endothelial cells were enriched in angiogenic proteins, and retinal endothelial cells were also enriched in immunologic proteins. CONCLUSIONS This work describes the different protein expression profiles of human retinal and choroidal vascular endothelial cells, and provides multiple candidates for further study as novel treatments or drug targets for posterior eye diseases. NOTE: Publication of this article is sponsored by the American Ophthalmological Society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine R Smith
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA.
| | - Larry L David
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Binoy Appukuttan
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Flinders University, Adelaide, Australia; Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
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10
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Kokate SB, Dixit P, Poirah I, Roy AD, Chakraborty D, Rout N, Singh SP, Ashktorab H, Smoot DT, Bhattacharyya A. Testin and filamin-C downregulation by acetylated Siah2 increases invasiveness of Helicobacter pylori-infected gastric cancer cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2018; 103:14-24. [PMID: 30063986 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2018.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori is the strongest known risk-factor for gastric cancer. However, its role in gastric cancer metastasis remains unclear. Previously we have reported that H. pylori promotes gastric cancer invasiveness by stabilizing the E3 ubiquitin ligase Siah2 which is mediated by Siah2 acetylation at Lys 139 (K139) residue. Here we identify that cell adhesion-related proteins testin (TES) and filamin-C (FLN-C) interact with Siah2 and get proteasomally degraded. The efficiency of TES and FLN-C degradation is significantly potentiated by K139-acetylated Siah2 (ac-K139 Siah2) in infected gastric cancer cells (GCCs). ac-Siah2-mediated downregulation of TES and FLN-C disrupts filopodia structures but promotes lamellipodia formation and enhances invasiveness and migration of infected GCCs. Since H. felis-infected mice as well as human gastric cancer biopsy samples also show high level of ac-K139 Siah2 and downregulated TES and FLN-C, we believe that acetylation of Siah2 is an important checkpoint that can be useful for therapeutic intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shrikant Babanrao Kokate
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Pragyesh Dixit
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Indrajit Poirah
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Arjama Dhar Roy
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Debashish Chakraborty
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India
| | - Niranjan Rout
- Department of Oncopathology, Acharya Harihar Regional Cancer Centre, Cuttack 753007, Odisha, India
| | | | - Hassan Ashktorab
- Department of Medicine, Howard University, Washington, DC 20060, USA
| | - Duane T Smoot
- Department of Medicine, Meharry Medical Center, Nashville, TN 37208, USA
| | - Asima Bhattacharyya
- School of Biological Sciences, National Institute of Science Education and Research (NISER) Bhubaneswar, Homi Bhabha National Institute (HBNI), P.O. Bhimpur-Padanpur, Via Jatni, Dist. Khurda Jatni, 752050, Odisha, India.
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Li H, Huang K, Gao L, Wang L, Niu Y, Liu H, Wang Z, Wang L, Wang G, Wang J. TES inhibits colorectal cancer progression through activation of p38. Oncotarget 2018; 7:45819-45836. [PMID: 27323777 PMCID: PMC5216763 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.9961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The human TESTIN (TES) gene has been identified as a candidate tumor suppressor based on its location at a common fragile site – a region where loss of heterozygosity has been detected in numerous types of tumors. To investigate its role in colorectal cancer (CRC), we examined TES protein levels in CRC tissue samples and cell lines. We observed that TES was markedly reduced in both CRC tissue and cell lines. Additionally, overexpression of TES significantly inhibited cell proliferation, migration, and invasion, while increasing cell apoptosis in colon cancer cells. By contrast, shRNA-mediated TES knockdown elicited the opposite effects. TES inhibited the progression of CRC by up-regulating pro-apoptotic proteins, down-regulating anti-apoptotic proteins, and simultaneously activating p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. Collectively, these data indicate that TES functions as a necessary suppressor of CRC progression by activating p38-MAPK signaling pathways. This suggests that TES may have a potential application in CRC diagnosis and targeted gene therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huili Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Kun Huang
- Institution of Cardiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lu Gao
- Department of Cardiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Lixia Wang
- Department of Radiology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Yanfeng Niu
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Hongli Liu
- Cancer Center, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Zheng Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China.,Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Lin Wang
- Research Center for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Guobin Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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12
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Meissner JM, Sikorski AF, Nawara T, Grzesiak J, Marycz K, Bogusławska DM, Michalczyk I, Lecomte MC, Machnicka B. αII-spectrin in T cells is involved in the regulation of cell-cell contact leading to immunological synapse formation? PLoS One 2017; 12:e0189545. [PMID: 29244882 PMCID: PMC5731749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0189545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2017] [Accepted: 11/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
T-lymphocyte activation after antigen presentation to the T-Cell Receptor (TCR) is a critical step in the development of proper immune responses to infection and inflammation. This dynamic process involves reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton and signaling molecules at the cell membrane, leading to the formation of the Immunological Synapse (IS). The mechanisms regulating the formation of the IS are not completely understood. Nonerythroid spectrin is a membrane skeletal protein involved in the regulation of many cellular processes, including cell adhesion, signaling and actin cytoskeleton remodeling. However, the role of spectrin in IS formation has not been explored. We used molecular, imaging and cellular approaches to show that nonerythroid αII-spectrin redistributes to the IS during T-cell activation. The redistribution of spectrin coincides with the relocation of CD45 and LFA-1, two components essential for IS formation and stability. We assessed the role of spectrin by shRNA-mediated depletion from Jurkat T cells and show that spectrin-depleted cells exhibit decreased adhesion and are defective in forming lamellipodia and filopodia. Importantly, IS formation is impaired in spectrin-depleted cells. Thus, spectrin may be engaged in regulation of distinct events necessary for the establishment and maturity of the IS: besides the involvement of spectrin in the control of CD45 and LFA-1 surface display, spectrin acts in the establishment of cell-cell contact and adhesion processes during the formation of the IS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna M. Meissner
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Aleksander F. Sikorski
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Tomasz Nawara
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Jakub Grzesiak
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Marycz
- Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Faculty of Biology, University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Izabela Michalczyk
- Laboratory of Cytobiochemistry, Biotechnology Faculty, University of Wrocław, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Marie-Christine Lecomte
- Biologie Intégrée du Globule Rouge UMR_S1134, Inserm, Univ. Paris Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Univ. de la Réunion, Univ. des Antilles, Paris, France
| | - Beata Machnicka
- Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Zielona Góra, Zielona Góra, Poland
- * E-mail:
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13
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Nabzdyk CS, Pradhan-Nabzdyk L, LoGerfo FW. RNAi therapy to the wall of arteries and veins: anatomical, physiologic, and pharmacological considerations. J Transl Med 2017; 15:164. [PMID: 28754174 PMCID: PMC5534068 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-017-1270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiovascular disease remains a major health care challenge. The knowledge about the underlying mechanisms of the respective vascular disease etiologies has greatly expanded over the last decades. This includes the contribution of microRNAs, endogenous non-coding RNA molecules, known to vastly influence gene expression. In addition, short interference RNA has been established as a mechanism to temporarily affect gene expression. This review discusses challenges relating to the design of a RNA interference therapy strategy for the modulation of vascular disease. Despite advances in medical and surgical therapies, atherosclerosis (ATH), aortic aneurysms (AA) are still associated with high morbidity and mortality. In addition, intimal hyperplasia (IH) remains a leading cause of late vein and prosthetic bypass graft failure. Pathomechanisms of all three entities include activation of endothelial cells (EC) and dedifferentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC). RNA interference represents a promising technology that may be utilized to silence genes contributing to ATH, AA or IH. Successful RNAi delivery to the vessel wall faces multiple obstacles. These include the challenge of cell specific, targeted delivery of RNAi, anatomical barriers such as basal membrane, elastic laminae in arterial walls, multiple layers of VSMC, as well as adventitial tissues. Another major decision point is the route of delivery and potential methods of transfection. A plethora of transfection reagents and adjuncts have been described with varying efficacies and side effects. Timing and duration of RNAi therapy as well as target gene choice are further relevant aspects that need to be addressed in a temporo-spatial fashion. Conclusions While multiple preclinical studies reported encouraging results of RNAi delivery to the vascular wall, it remains to be seen if a single target can be sufficient to the achieve clinically desirable changes in the injured vascular wall in humans. It might be necessary to achieve simultaneous and/or sequential silencing of multiple, synergistically acting target genes. Some advances in cell specific RNAi delivery have been made, but a reliable vascular cell specific transfection strategy is still missing. Also, off-target effects of RNAi and unwanted effects of transfection agents on gene expression are challenges to be addressed. Close collaborative efforts between clinicians, geneticists, biologists, and chemical and medical engineers will be needed to provide tailored therapeutics for the various types of vascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christoph S Nabzdyk
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
| | - Leena Pradhan-Nabzdyk
- Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA.
| | - Frank W LoGerfo
- Frank W. LoGerfo Division of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, 110 Francis Street, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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14
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Sala S, Catillon M, Hadzic E, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Van Troys M, Ampe C. The PET and LIM1-2 domains of testin contribute to intramolecular and homodimeric interactions. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0177879. [PMID: 28542564 PMCID: PMC5436826 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0177879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The focal adhesion protein testin is a modular scaffold and tumour suppressor that consists of an N-terminal cysteine rich (CR) domain, a PET domain of unknown function and three C-terminal LIM domains. Testin has been proposed to have an open and a closed conformation based on the observation that its N-terminal half and C-terminal half directly interact. Here we extend the testin conformational model by demonstrating that testin can also form an antiparallel homodimer. In support of this extended model we determined that the testin region (amino acids 52–233) harbouring the PET domain interacts with the C-terminal LIM1-2 domains in vitro and in cells, and assign a critical role to tyrosine 288 in this interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sala
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Marie Catillon
- Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit - FSTC, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Ermin Hadzic
- Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit - FSTC, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cytoskeleton and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit - FSTC, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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15
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Sala S, Van Troys M, Medves S, Catillon M, Timmerman E, Staes A, Schaffner-Reckinger E, Gevaert K, Ampe C. Expanding the Interactome of TES by Exploiting TES Modules with Different Subcellular Localizations. J Proteome Res 2017; 16:2054-2071. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.7b00034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Sala
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | | | - Sandrine Medves
- Cytoskeleton
and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit − FSTC, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
- Laboratory of Experimental Cancer Research, LIH, 1445 Strassen, Luxembourg
| | - Marie Catillon
- Cytoskeleton
and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit − FSTC, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Evy Timmerman
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - An Staes
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Elisabeth Schaffner-Reckinger
- Cytoskeleton
and Cell Plasticity Lab, Life Sciences Research Unit − FSTC, University of Luxembourg, 4365 Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Kris Gevaert
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
- VIB Medical Biotechnology Center, 9000 Gent, Belgium
| | - Christophe Ampe
- Department of Biochemistry, Ghent University, 9000 Gent, Belgium
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16
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Wang M, Wang Q, Peng WJ, Hu JF, Wang ZY, Liu H, Huang LN. Testin is a tumor suppressor in non-small cell lung cancer. Oncol Rep 2016; 37:1027-1035. [PMID: 28000866 DOI: 10.3892/or.2016.5316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Testin gene was previously identified in the fragile chromosomal region FRA7G at 7q31.2. It has been implicated in several types of cancers including prostate, ovarian, breast and gastric cancer. In the present study, we investigated the function of the candidate tumor-suppressor Testin gene in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In NSCLC cell lines, we observed lower expression of Testin compared to that noted in normal human bronchial epithelial cells. MTT assays, flow cytometry, clonogenic assay and invasion assay showed that the overexpression of the Testin gene inhibited cancer cell proliferation, invasion and colony formation. In tumor xenograft models, Testin markedly inhibited lung cancer cell xenograft formation and growth in athymic nude mice. Taken together, these data suggest that Testin plays an important role in the development and progression of NSCLC. Testin may be an effective novel target in NSCLC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Wang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Basic Research on Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Qian Wang
- Department of Respiration, The People's Hospital of Lingbi, Suzhou, Anhui 234000, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Jia Peng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Jun-Feng Hu
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Basic Research on Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Zu-Yi Wang
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery of the First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Hao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Engineering Technology Research Center of Biochemical Pharmaceuticals, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
| | - Li-Nian Huang
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Clinical Basic Research on Respiratory Disease, The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, Anhui 233004, P.R. China
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17
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Zhong Z, Zhang F, Yin SC. Effects of TESTIN gene expression on proliferation and migration of the 5-8F nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2555-9. [PMID: 25824796 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.6.2555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate effects of the TESTIN (TES) gene on proliferation and migration of highly metastatic nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F and the related mechanisms. MATERIALS AND METHODS The target gene of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F was amplified by PCR and cloned into the empty plasmid pEGFP-N1 to construct a eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1-TES. This was then transfected into 5-8F cells. MTT assays, flow cytometry and scratch wound tests were used to detect the proliferation and migration of transfected 5-8F cells. RESULTS A cell model with stable and high expression of TES gene was successfully established. MTT assays showed that the OD value of 5-8F/TES cells was markedly lower than that of 5-8F/GFP cells and 5-8F cells (p<0.05). Flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of 5-8F/TES cells was prominently increased compared with 5-8F/GFP cells and 5-8F cells (p<0.05). In vitro scratch wound assays showed that, the width of the wound area of 5-8F/TES cells narrowed slightly, while the width of the wound area of 5-8F/ GFP cells and 5-8F cells narrowed sharply, suggesting that the TES overexpression could inhibit the migration ability. CONCLUSIONS TES gene expression remarkably inhibits the proliferation of human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cell line 5-8F and reduces its migration in vitro. Thus, it may be a potential tumor suppressor gene for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhun Zhong
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, China E-mail :
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18
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Abstract
Background: The expression of TES, a novel tumor suppressor gene, is found to be down-regulated in the left anterior descending aorta of patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) compared with non-CAD subjects. This study aimed to investigate the expression of TES during the development of atherosclerosis in rabbits. Methods: Thirty-two New Zealand rabbits were randomly divided into a normal diet (ND) and high-fat diet (HFD) groups. Body weight and serum lipid levels were measured at 0, 4, and 12 weeks after diet treatment. The degree of atherosclerosis in thoracic aortas was analyzed by histological examinations. The expression of Testin in the tissue samples was inspected via immunohistochemical and immunofluorescence confocal microscopy. Real time-polymerase chain reaction and Western blot analysis were performed to evaluate the expression of TES/Testin at mRNA and protein levels in the aortic tissues. Results: After 12 weeks postenrollment, rabbits in HFD group had a higher level of serum lipids and atherosclerotic plaque compared to ND group (P < 0.05). Testin expression was detected at high levels in the endothelium and a weak expression on the subendothelium area. The expression of TES mRNA was markedly reduced by 10-fold in the aortic tissues in the HFD group compared with the ND group (P = 0.015), and the protein level was also significantly decreased in the HFD group (P < 0.05). Conclusions: Reduced TES/Testin expression is associated with the development of atherosclerosis, implicating a potentially important role in the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Guang-Ping Li
- Department of Cardiology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Ionic-Molecular Function of Cardiovascular Disease (Key Lab-TIC), Tianjin Institute of Cardiology, Second Hospital of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300211, China
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19
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Dong R, Pu H, Wang Y, Yu J, Lian K, Mao C. TESTIN was commonly hypermethylated and involved in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of endometrial cancer. APMIS 2015; 123:394-400. [PMID: 25720371 DOI: 10.1111/apm.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/01/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruofan Dong
- Department of Reproductive Center; First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province China
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi; Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Hong Pu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi; Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Yuan Wang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi; Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Jinjin Yu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University and the Fourth People's Hospital of Wuxi; Wuxi Jiangsu Province China
| | - Kuixian Lian
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College; Binzhou Shandong Province China
| | - Caiping Mao
- Department of Reproductive Center; First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University; Suzhou Jiangsu Province China
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Binding of the WASP/N-WASP-interacting protein WIP to actin regulates focal adhesion assembly and adhesion. Mol Cell Biol 2014; 34:2600-10. [PMID: 24797074 DOI: 10.1128/mcb.00017-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The actin cytoskeleton is essential for cell adhesion and migration, functions important for tumor invasion. In addition to binding N-WASP/WASP, WIP binds and stabilizes F-actin. WIP(-/-) fibroblasts were used to test the role of WIP in F-actin function. WIP(-/-) cells had defective focal adhesion (FA), stress fiber assembly, and adherence to substrates, functions that were restored by transduction of wild-type WIP. Protein and mRNA levels of several FA constituents regulated by the myocardin-related transcription factor (MRTF)–serum response factor (SRF) transcription factor complex were reduced in WIP(-/-) fibroblasts. The level of G-actin, which sequesters MRTF in the cytoplasm, was increased, and nuclear localization of MRTF-A and SRF was reduced, in WIP(-/-) fibroblasts. Transfection of an MRTF-A mutant that constitutively translocates to the nucleus or transfection of constitutively active SRF restored FA and stress fiber assembly. Fibroblasts from knock-in mice expressing a WIP mutant that fails to bind actin phenocopied WIP(-/-) fibroblasts. Thus, WIP is a novel regulator of FA assembly and cell adhesion.
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21
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Bai Y, Zhang QG, Wang XH. Downregulation of TES by hypermethylation in glioblastoma reduces cell apoptosis and predicts poor clinical outcome. Eur J Med Res 2014; 19:66. [PMID: 25498217 PMCID: PMC4279594 DOI: 10.1186/s40001-014-0066-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2014] [Accepted: 11/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gliomas are the most common human brain tumors. Glioblastoma, also known as glioblastoma multiform (GBM), is the most aggressive, malignant, and lethal glioma. The investigation of prognostic and diagnostic molecular biomarkers in glioma patients to provide direction on clinical practice is urgent. Recent studies demonstrated that abnormal DNA methylation states play a key role in the pathogenesis of this kind of tumor. In this study, we want to identify a novel biomarker related to glioma initiation and find the role of the glioma-related gene. METHODS We performed a methylation-specific microarray on the promoter region to identify methylation gene(s) that may affect outcome of GBM patients. Normal and GBM tissues were collected from Tiantan Hospital. Genomic DNA was extracted from these tissues and analyzed with a DNA promoter methylation microarray. Testis derived transcript (TES) protein expression was analyzed by immunohistochemistry in paraffin-embedded patient tissues. Western blotting was used to detect TES protein expression in the GBM cell line U251 with or without 5-aza-dC treatment. Cell apoptosis was evaluated by flow cytometry analysis using Annexin V/PI staining. RESULTS We found that the TES promoter was hypermethylated in GBM compared to normal brain tissues under DNA promoter methylation microarray analysis. The GBM patients with TES hypermethylation had a short overall survival (P <0.05, log-rank test). Among GBM samples, reduced TES protein level was detected in 33 (89.2%) of 37 tumor tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Down regulation of TES was also correlated with worse patient outcome (P <0.05, log-rank test). Treatment on the GBM cell line U251 with 5-aza-dC can greatly increase TES expression, confirming the hypermethylation of TES promoter in GBM. Up-regulation of TES prompts U251 apoptosis significantly. This study demonstrated that both TES promoter hypermethylation and down-regulated protein expression significantly correlated with worse patient outcome. Treatment on the GBM cell line (U251) with 5-aza-dC can highly release TES expression resulting in significant apoptosis in these cells. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that the TES gene is a novel tumor suppressor gene and might represent a valuable prognostic marker for glioblastoma, indicating a potential target for future GBM therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Department of Blood transfusion, The Central Hospital of China Aerospace Corporation, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Quan-Geng Zhang
- Department of Immunology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Wang
- Department of Blood transfusion, The Central Hospital of China Aerospace Corporation, Beijing, 100049, China.
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Yongbin Y, Jinghua L, Zhanxue Z, Aimin Z, Youchao J, Yanhong S, Manjing J. TES was epigenetically silenced and suppressed the epithelial–mesenchymal transition in breast cancer. Tumour Biol 2014; 35:11381-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-014-2472-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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Gu Z, Ding G, Liang K, Zhang H, Guo G, Zhang L, Cui J. TESTIN suppresses tumor growth and invasion via manipulating cell cycle progression in endometrial carcinoma. Med Sci Monit 2014; 20:980-7. [PMID: 24929083 PMCID: PMC4067424 DOI: 10.12659/msm.890544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TESTIN gene was demonstrated to be a tumor suppressor in prostate and breast cancer through inhibiting tumor growth and invasion. Herein, we aimed to investigate the detailed functions of TESTIN in the highly sexual hormone (estrogen)-dependent malignancy, endometrial carcinoma. MATERIAL AND METHODS TESTIN mRNA and protein expression were measured by qRT-PCR, Western blot and immunohistochemistry. Upregulation of TESTIN was achieved by transfecting the pcDNA3.1-TESTIN plasmids into AN3CA cells. Knockdown of TESTIN was achieved by transfecting the shRNA-TESTIN into Ishikawa cells. MTT assay, colony formation assay, and Transwell assay were used to investigate the effects of TESTIN on cellular proliferation and invasion. The apoptotic status and cell cycle were analyzed using flow cytometry. MMP2 secretion was determined by ELISA assay. The xenograft assay was used to investigate the functions of TESTIN in nude mice. RESULTS Compared to the non-malignant adjacent endometrium, 54% of tumor samples presented downregulation of TESTIN (P<0.001). Loss of TESTIN protein was correlated with advanced tumor stage (P=0.047), high grade (P=0.034), and lymphatic vascular space invasion (P=0.036). In vitro, overexpression of TESTIN suppressed cell proliferation, induced dramatic G1 arrest, and inhibited tumor invasion through blocking the secretion of MMP2. Loss of TESTIN accelerated cellular proliferation, promoted cell cycle progression, and enhanced tumor invasion by increasing the secretion of MMP2. Consistently, TESTIN could significantly delay the growth of xenografts in nude mice. CONCLUSIONS TESTIN was commonly downregulated in human endometrial carcinoma and was associated with poor prognostic markers. Moreover, TESTIN significantly inhibited tumor growth and invasion via arresting cell cycle in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Therefore, we propose that TESTIN might be a prognostic marker and therapeutic target for endometrial carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenpeng Gu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Guofeng Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Kuixiang Liang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Hongtao Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Guanghong Guo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Lili Zhang
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China (mainland)
| | - Jinxiu Cui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Binzhou Medical College, Binzhou, China (mainland)
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Ren DD, Kelly M, Kim SM, Grimsley-Myers CM, Chi FL, Chen P. Testin interacts with vangl2 genetically to regulate inner ear sensory cell orientation and the normal development of the female reproductive tract in mice. Dev Dyn 2013; 242:1454-65. [PMID: 23996638 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2013] [Revised: 08/23/2013] [Accepted: 08/23/2013] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Planar cell polarity (PCP) signaling regulates the coordinated polarization of cells and is required for the normal development and function of many tissues. Previous studies have identified conserved PCP genes, such as Van Gogh-like 2 (Vangl2) and Prickle (Pk), in the regulation of coordinated orientation of inner ear hair cells and female reproductive tract development. Testin shares a PET-LIM homology with Pk. It is not clear whether Testin acts in PCP processes in mammals. RESULTS We identified Testin as a Vangl2-interacting protein through a 2-hybrid screen with a cochlea cDNA library. Testin is enriched to cell-cell boundaries in the presence of Vangl2 in cultured cells. Genetic inactivation of Testin leads to abnormal hair cell orientation in the vestibule and cellular patterning defects in the cochlea. In addition, Testin genetically interacts with Vangl2 to regulate hair cell orientation in the cochlea and the opening of the vaginal tract. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggested Testin as a gene involved in coordinated hair cell orientation in the inner ear and in female reproductive tract development. Furthermore, its genetic interaction with Vangl2 implicated it as a potential molecular link, responsible for mediating the role of Vangl2-containing membranous PCP complexes in directing morphologic polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong-Dong Ren
- Department of Otolaryngology, Eye, Ear, Nose, and Throat Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia
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Zhu J, Li X, Kong X, Moran MS, Su P, Haffty BG, Yang Q. Testin is a tumor suppressor and prognostic marker in breast cancer. Cancer Sci 2012; 103:2092-101. [PMID: 22957844 DOI: 10.1111/cas.12020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 08/23/2012] [Accepted: 09/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The testin (TES) gene was previously identified in the fragile chromosomal region FRA7G at 7q31.2. In the present study, we aimed to investigate the candidate tumor suppressor function of TES and explore its correlations to clinicopathologic features and prognosis in breast cancer. In clinical samples, we showed that the expression of TES decreased gradually from normal through ductal hyperplasia without atypia, atypical ductal hyperplasia, and ductal carcinoma in situ, to invasive ductal carcinoma. To explore the possible tumor suppressing function of TES, the expression of TES in breast cancer cells was manipulated by ectopic expression or by RNAi. We revealed that ectopic TES expression significantly inhibited cell proliferation, invasive ability, and angiogenesis, whereas knockdown of TES by RNAi enhanced cell proliferation, invasive ability, and angiogenesis. In an animal model, TES markedly inhibited breast cancer cell xenograft formation in athymic nude mice and reduced breast cancer cell metastasis to lung. Moreover, we revealed that TES inhibited the invasion and angiogenesis of breast cancer partially through miR-29b-mediated MMP-2 inhibition. Using the tissue microarray of breast cancer from Yale University, we found that lower TES expression was an independent prognostic factor for shorter overall survival and disease-free survival with univariate and multivariate analyses. Taken together, these data suggest that TES, as a valuable marker of breast cancer prognosis, plays an important role in the development and progression of breast cancer. TES may be an effective novel target in breast cancer prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Zhu
- Department of Breast Surgery, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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26
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Donohoe DR, Collins LB, Wali A, Bigler R, Sun W, Bultman SJ. The Warburg effect dictates the mechanism of butyrate-mediated histone acetylation and cell proliferation. Mol Cell 2012; 48:612-26. [PMID: 23063526 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2012.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 560] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2012] [Revised: 06/15/2012] [Accepted: 08/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Widespread changes in gene expression drive tumorigenesis, yet our knowledge of how aberrant epigenomic and transcriptome profiles arise in cancer cells is poorly understood. Here, we demonstrate that metabolic transformation plays an important role. Butyrate is the primary energy source of normal colonocytes and is metabolized to acetyl-CoA, which was shown to be important not only for energetics but also for HAT activity. Due to the Warburg effect, cancerous colonocytes rely on glucose as their primary energy source, so butyrate accumulated and functioned as an HDAC inhibitor. Although both mechanisms increased histone acetylation, different target genes were upregulated. Consequently, butyrate stimulated the proliferation of normal colonocytes and cancerous colonocytes when the Warburg effect was prevented from occurring, whereas it inhibited the proliferation of cancerous colonocytes undergoing the Warburg effect. These findings link a common metabolite to epigenetic mechanisms that are differentially utilized by normal and cancerous cells because of their inherent metabolic differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dallas R Donohoe
- Department of Genetics and Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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27
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Mruk DD, Cheng CY. Rat and mouse testicular testin is different from the human tumor suppressor gene TESTIN (Tes). SPERMATOGENESIS 2012; 2:305. [PMID: 23248773 PMCID: PMC3521754 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.22790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Archacki SR, Angheloiu G, Moravec CS, Liu H, Topol EJ, Wang QK. Comparative gene expression analysis between coronary arteries and internal mammary arteries identifies a role for the TES gene in endothelial cell functions relevant to coronary artery disease. Hum Mol Genet 2011; 21:1364-73. [DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddr574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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González M, Martín-Ruíz I, Jiménez S, Pirone L, Barrio R, Sutherland JD. Generation of stable Drosophila cell lines using multicistronic vectors. Sci Rep 2011; 1:75. [PMID: 22355594 PMCID: PMC3216562 DOI: 10.1038/srep00075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2011] [Accepted: 08/09/2011] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insect cell culture is becoming increasingly important for applications including recombinant protein production and cell-based screening with chemical or RNAi libraries. While stable mammalian cell lines expressing a protein of interest can be efficiently prepared using IRES-based vectors or viral-based approaches, options for stable insect cell lines are more limited. Here, we describe pAc5-STABLEs, new vectors for use in Drosophila cell culture to facilitate stable transformation. We show that viral-derived 2A-like (or "CHYSEL") peptides function in Drosophila cells and can mediate the multicistronic expression of two or three proteins of interest under control of the Actin5C constitutive promoter. The current vectors allow mCherry and/or GFP fusions to be generated for positive selection by G418 resistance in cells and should serve as a flexible platform for future applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monika González
- Gene Silencing Platform, CIC bioGUNE, Bizkaia Technology Park, 48160 Derio, Spain
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30
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Boëda B, Knowles PP, Briggs DC, Murray-Rust J, Soriano E, Garvalov BK, McDonald NQ, Way M. Molecular recognition of the Tes LIM2-3 domains by the actin-related protein Arp7A. J Biol Chem 2011; 286:11543-54. [PMID: 21278383 PMCID: PMC3064208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.171264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2010] [Revised: 12/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Actin-related proteins (Arps) are a highly conserved family of proteins that have extensive sequence and structural similarity to actin. All characterized Arps are components of large multimeric complexes associated with chromatin or the cytoskeleton. In addition, the human genome encodes five conserved but largely uncharacterized "orphan" Arps, which appear to be mostly testis-specific. Here we show that Arp7A, which has 43% sequence identity with β-actin, forms a complex with the cytoskeletal proteins Tes and Mena in the subacrosomal layer of round spermatids. The N-terminal 65-residue extension to the actin-like fold of Arp7A interacts directly with Tes. The crystal structure of the 1-65(Arp7A)·LIM2-3(Tes)·EVH1(Mena) complex reveals that residues 28-49 of Arp7A contact the LIM2-3 domains of Tes. Two alanine residues from Arp7A that occupy equivalent apolar pockets in both LIM domains as well as an intervening GPAK linker that binds the LIM2-3 junction are critical for the Arp7A-Tes interaction. Equivalent occupied apolar pockets are also seen in the tandem LIM domain structures of LMO4 and Lhx3 bound to unrelated ligands. Our results indicate that apolar pocket interactions are a common feature of tandem LIM domain interactions, but ligand specificity is principally determined by the linker sequence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batiste Boëda
- From the Cell Motility and
- the Cell Polarity and Migration Group, CNRS 2582, Institut Pasteur, 75724 Paris, France, and
| | - Phillip P. Knowles
- Structural Biology Laboratories, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - David C. Briggs
- Structural Biology Laboratories, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
- the Wellcome Trust Centre for Cell-Matrix Research, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PT, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Murray-Rust
- Structural Biology Laboratories, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Erika Soriano
- Structural Biology Laboratories, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
| | - Boyan K. Garvalov
- the Institute of Neuropathology, Justus Liebig University, Aulweg 123, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Neil Q. McDonald
- Structural Biology Laboratories, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, United Kingdom
- the Institute of Structural and Molecular Biology, University College London and Birkbeck College, Malet Street, London WC1E 7HX, United Kingdom
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O'Donnell L, Nicholls PK, O'Bryan MK, McLachlan RI, Stanton PG. Spermiation: The process of sperm release. SPERMATOGENESIS 2011; 1:14-35. [PMID: 21866274 DOI: 10.4161/spmg.1.1.14525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2010] [Revised: 12/16/2010] [Accepted: 12/17/2010] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Spermiation is the process by which mature spermatids are released from Sertoli cells into the seminiferous tubule lumen prior to their passage to the epididymis. It takes place over several days at the apical edge of the seminiferous epithelium, and involves several discrete steps including remodelling of the spermatid head and cytoplasm, removal of specialized adhesion structures and the final disengagement of the spermatid from the Sertoli cell. Spermiation is accomplished by the co-ordinated interactions of various structures, cellular processes and adhesion complexes which make up the "spermiation machinery". This review addresses the morphological, ultrastructural and functional aspects of mammalian spermiation. The molecular composition of the spermiation machinery, its dynamic changes and regulatory factors are examined. The causes of spermiation failure and their impact on sperm morphology and function are assessed in an effort to understand how this process may contribute to sperm count suppression during contraception and to phenotypes of male infertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liza O'Donnell
- Prince Henry's Institute of Medical Research; Clayton, VIC Australia
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32
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Common fragile site tumor suppressor genes and corresponding mouse models of cancer. J Biomed Biotechnol 2010; 2011:984505. [PMID: 21318118 PMCID: PMC3035048 DOI: 10.1155/2011/984505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2010] [Accepted: 11/23/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomal common fragile sites (CFSs) are specific mammalian genomic regions that show an increased frequency of gaps and breaks when cells are exposed to replication stress in vitro. CFSs are also consistently involved in chromosomal abnormalities in vivo related to cancer. Interestingly, several CFSs contain one or more tumor suppressor genes whose structure and function are often affected by chromosomal fragility. The two most active fragile sites in the human genome are FRA3B and FRA16D where the tumor suppressor genes FHIT and WWOX are located, respectively. The best approach to study tumorigenic effects of altered tumor suppressors located at CFSs in vivo is to generate mouse models in which these genes are inactivated. This paper summarizes our present knowledge on mouse models of cancer generated by knocking out tumor suppressors of CFS.
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Ma H, Weng D, Chen Y, Huang W, Pan K, Wang H, Sun J, Wang Q, Zhou Z, Wang H, Xia J. Extensive analysis of D7S486 in primary gastric cancer supports TESTIN as a candidate tumor suppressor gene. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:190. [PMID: 20626849 PMCID: PMC2915979 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2010] [Accepted: 07/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND High frequency of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) was found at D7S486 in primary gastric cancer (GC). And we found a high frequency of LOH region on 7q31 in primary GC from China, and identified D7S486 to be the most frequent LOH locus. This study was aimed to determine what genes were affected by the LOH and served as tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) in this region. Here, a high-throughput single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) microarray fabricated in-house was used to analyze the LOH status around D7S486 on 7q31 in 75 patients with primary GC. Western blot, immunohistochemistry, and RT-PCR were used to assess the protein and mRNA expression of TESTIN (TES) in 50 and 140 primary GC samples, respectively. MTS assay was used to investigate the effect of TES overexpression on the proliferation of GC cell lines. Mutation and methylation analysis were performed to explore possible mechanisms of TES inactivation in GC. RESULTS LOH analysis discovered five candidate genes (ST7, FOXP2, MDFIC, TES and CAV1) whose frequencies of LOH were higher than 30%. However, only TES showed the potential to be a TSG associated with GC. Among 140 pairs of GC samples, decreased TES mRNA level was found in 96 (68.6%) tumor tissues when compared with matched non-tumor tissues (p < 0.001). Also, reduced TES protein level was detected in 36 (72.0%) of all 50 tumor tissues by Western blot (p = 0.001). In addition, immunohistochemical staining result was in agreement with that of RT-PCR and Western blot. Down regulation of TES was shown to be correlated with tumor differentiation (p = 0.035) and prognosis (p = 0.035, log-rank test). Its overexpression inhibited the growth of three GC cell lines. Hypermethylation of TES promoter was a frequent event in primary GC and GC cell lines. However, no specific gene mutation was observed in the coding region of the TES gene. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, all results support the role of TES as a TSG in gastric carcinogenesis and that TES is inactivated primarily by LOH and CpG island methylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiqing Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China and Department of Experimental Research, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, PR China
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Weeks RJ, Kees UR, Song S, Morison IM. Silencing of TESTIN by dense biallelic promoter methylation is the most common molecular event in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Mol Cancer 2010; 9:163. [PMID: 20573277 PMCID: PMC3224738 DOI: 10.1186/1476-4598-9-163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant promoter DNA methylation has been reported in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia (ALL) and has the potential to contribute to its onset and outcome. However, few reports demonstrate consistent, prevalent and dense promoter methylation, associated with tumour-specific gene silencing. By screening candidate genes, we have detected frequent and dense methylation of the TESTIN (TES) promoter. RESULTS Bisulfite sequencing showed that 100% of the ALL samples (n = 20) were methylated at the TES promoter, whereas the matched remission (n = 5), normal bone marrow (n = 6) and normal PBL (n = 5) samples were unmethylated. Expression of TES in hyperdiploid, TEL-AML+, BCR-ABL+, and E2A-PBX+ subtypes of B lineage ALL was markedly reduced compared to that in normal bone marrow progenitor cells and in B cells. In addition TES methylation and silencing was demonstrated in nine out of ten independent B ALL propagated as xenografts in NOD/SCID mice. CONCLUSION In total, 93% of B ALL samples (93 of 100) demonstrated methylation with silencing or reduced expression of the TES gene. Thus, TES is the most frequently methylated and silenced gene yet reported in ALL. TES, a LIM domain-containing tumour suppressor gene and component of the focal adhesion complex, is involved in adhesion, motility, cell-to-cell interactions and cell signalling. Our data implicate TES methylation in ALL and provide additional evidence for the involvement of LIM domain proteins in leukaemogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert J Weeks
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin 9054, New Zealand.
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35
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Qiu H, Zhu J, Yuan C, Yan S, Yang Q, Kong B. Frequent hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity of the testis derived transcript gene in ovarian cancer. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1255-60. [PMID: 20180808 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Testis derived transcript (TES) is a candidate tumor suppressor gene located at the human chromosome 7q31, and its function in ovarian cancer is still unknown. Using ovarian cancer cell lines and tissue samples, we demonstrated that both loss of heterozygosity and hypermethylation of the TES gene occurred in ovarian cancer at high frequencies, and there were significant correlations between TES expression and hypermethylation or loss of heterozygosity. We also detected methylation in ovarian cancer cell line A2780 after treatment with 5-aza-2-deoxycytidine. The expression level of TES was enormously up-regulated, then caused changes to the biological behaviors of A2780 cells: cell growth properties were greatly impaired, colony formatting abilities were suppressed to very low levels, and the apoptosis rate was highly raised compared to the control group. Our findings suggest that the TES gene functions as a tumor suppressor gene and is frequently silenced by hypermethylation and loss of heterozygosity in ovarian cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haifeng Qiu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Qilu Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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36
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Caffarel MM, Moreno-Bueno G, Cerutti C, Palacios J, Guzman M, Mechta-Grigoriou F, Sanchez C. JunD is involved in the antiproliferative effect of Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol on human breast cancer cells. Oncogene 2008; 27:5033-44. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2008.145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Breton J, Gage MC, Hay AW, Keen JN, Wild CP, Donnellan C, Findlay JBC, Hardie LJ. Proteomic screening of a cell line model of esophageal carcinogenesis identifies cathepsin D and aldo-keto reductase 1C2 and 1B10 dysregulation in Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1953-62. [PMID: 18396902 DOI: 10.1021/pr7007835] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Esophageal adenocarcinoma (EA) incidence is increasing rapidly and is associated with a poor prognosis. Identifying biomarkers of disease development and progression would be invaluable tools to inform clinical practice. Two-dimensional polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis was used to screen 10 esophageal cell lines representing distinct stages in the development of esophageal cancer. Thirty-three proteins were identified by MALDI-TOF-MS which demonstrated differences in expression across the cell lines. Western blotting and qRT-PCR confirmed increased cathepsin D and aldo-keto reductases 1C2 and 1B10 expression in metaplastic and dysplastic cell lines. Expression of these proteins was further assessed in esophageal epithelium from patients with nonerosive (NERD) and erosive gastro-esophageal reflux disease, Barrett's esophagus (BE) and EA. When compared with normal epithelium of NERD patients, (i) cathepsin D mRNA levels demonstrated a stepwise increase in expression (p<0.05) in erosive, metaplastic and EA tissue; (ii) AKR1B10 expression increased (p<0.05) 3- and 9-fold in erosive and Barrett's epithelium, respectively; and (iii) AKR1C2 levels increased (p<0.05) in erosive and Barrett's epithelium, but were reduced (p<0.05) in EA. These proteins may contribute to disease development via effects on apoptosis, transport of bile acids and retinoid metabolism and should be considered as candidates for further mechanistic and clinical investigations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean Breton
- Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Leeds Institute of Genetics, Health and Therapeutics, Clarendon Way, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Crompton LA, Du Roure C, Rodriguez TA. Early embryonic expression patterns of the mouse Flamingo and Prickle orthologues. Dev Dyn 2008; 236:3137-43. [PMID: 17937400 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The Drosophila melanogaster proteins Flamingo and Prickle act in the planar cell polarity (PCP) pathway, which is required for acquisition of epithelial polarity in the wing, eye, and epidermis. In mammals, PCP signaling has been shown to regulate cell movements and polarity in a variety of tissues. Here, we show that the murine Flamingo orthologues Celsr1-3 and the Prickle orthologues Prickle1, Prickle2, and Testin have dynamic patterns of expression during pregastrulation and gastrulation stages. Celsr1 is expressed in the anterior visceral endoderm and nascent mesoderm, Celsr2 and Celsr3 mark the prospective neuroectoderm, Prickle1 is expressed in the primitive streak and mesoderm, Prickle2 in the node, and Testin in the anterior visceral endoderm, the extraembryonic ectoderm, primitive streak, and mesoderm. Analysis of a gene-trap mutation in Testin indicates that this gene is not required for embryogenesis; therefore, other Prickle homologues may compensate for its function during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy A Crompton
- Molecular Embryology Group, MRC Clinical Sciences Centre, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital Campus, London, United Kingdom
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39
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Lécuyer E, Yoshida H, Parthasarathy N, Alm C, Babak T, Cerovina T, Hughes TR, Tomancak P, Krause HM. Global analysis of mRNA localization reveals a prominent role in organizing cellular architecture and function. Cell 2008; 131:174-87. [PMID: 17923096 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2007.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 697] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2007] [Accepted: 08/02/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although subcellular mRNA trafficking has been demonstrated as a mechanism to control protein distribution, it is generally believed that most protein localization occurs subsequent to translation. To address this point, we developed and employed a high-resolution fluorescent in situ hybridization procedure to comprehensively evaluate mRNA localization dynamics during early Drosophila embryogenesis. Surprisingly, of the 3370 genes analyzed, 71% of those expressed encode subcellularly localized mRNAs. Dozens of new and striking localization patterns were observed, implying an equivalent variety of localization mechanisms. Tight correlations between mRNA distribution and subsequent protein localization and function, indicate major roles for mRNA localization in nucleating localized cellular machineries. A searchable web resource documenting mRNA expression and localization dynamics has been established and will serve as an invaluable tool for dissecting localization mechanisms and for predicting gene functions and interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric Lécuyer
- Banting and Best Department of Medical Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
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40
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Boëda B, Briggs DC, Higgins T, Garvalov BK, Fadden AJ, McDonald NQ, Way M. Tes, a specific Mena interacting partner, breaks the rules for EVH1 binding. Mol Cell 2008; 28:1071-82. [PMID: 18158903 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2007.10.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 10/04/2007] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The intracellular targeting of Ena/VASP family members is achieved via the interaction of their EVH1 domain with FPPPP sequence motifs found in a variety of cytoskeletal proteins, including lamellipodin, vinculin, and zyxin. Here we show that the LIM3 domain of Tes, which lacks the FPPPP motif, binds to the EVH1 domain of Mena, but not to those of VASP or Evl. The structure of the LIM3:EVH1 complex reveals that Tes occludes the FPPPP-binding site and competes with FPPPP-containing proteins for EVH1 binding. Structure-based gain-of-function experiments define the molecular basis for the specificity of the Tes-Mena interaction. Consistent with in vitro observations, the LIM3 domain displaces Mena, but not VASP, from the leading edge and focal adhesions. It also regulates cell migration through a Mena-dependent mechanism. Our observations identify Tes as an atypical EVH1 binding partner and a regulator specific to a single Ena/VASP family member.
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Affiliation(s)
- Batiste Boëda
- Cell Motility Laboratory, Cancer Research UK, London Research Institute, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London, WC2A 3PX, UK
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41
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Cooper O, Sweetman D, Wagstaff L, Münsterberg A. Expression of avianprickle genes during early development and organogenesis. Dev Dyn 2008; 237:1442-8. [DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.21490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Cho EK, Tchinda J, Freeman JL, Chung YJ, Cai WW, Lee C. Array-based comparative genomic hybridization and copy number variation in cancer research. Cytogenet Genome Res 2006; 115:262-72. [PMID: 17124409 DOI: 10.1159/000095923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2006] [Accepted: 07/16/2006] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Array-based comparative genomic hybridization (aCGH) is a molecular cytogenetic technique used in detecting and mapping DNA copy number alterations. aCGH is able to interrogate the entire genome at a previously unattainable, high resolution and has directly led to the recent appreciation of a novel class of genomic variation: copy number variation (CNV) in mammalian genomes. All forms of DNA variation/polymorphism are important for studying the basis of phenotypic diversity among individuals. CNV research is still at its infancy, requiring careful collation and annotation of accumulating CNV data that will undoubtedly be useful for accurate interpretation of genomic imbalances identified during cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- E K Cho
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Lo SH. Focal adhesions: what's new inside. Dev Biol 2006; 294:280-91. [PMID: 16650401 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.03.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2005] [Revised: 03/22/2006] [Accepted: 03/27/2006] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
The cytoplasmic side of focal adhesions is comprised of large molecular complexes that link transmembrane receptors, such as integrins, to the actin cytoskeleton and mediate signals modulating cell attachment, migration, proliferation, differentiation, and gene expression. These complexes are heterogeneous and dynamic structures that are apparent targets of regulatory signals that control the function of focal adhesions. Recent studies using genetic approaches in invertebrate and vertebrate systems have begun to reveal the structure and function of these complexes in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Hao Lo
- Center for Tissue Regeneration and Repair, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Cancer Center, University of California-Davis, Davis, Sacramento, CA 95817, USA.
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