1
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Rojas J, Oz T, Jonak K, Lyzak O, Massaad V, Biriuk O, Zachariae W. Spo13/MEIKIN ensures a Two-Division meiosis by preventing the activation of APC/C Ama1 at meiosis I. EMBO J 2023; 42:e114288. [PMID: 37728253 PMCID: PMC10577557 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2023114288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Genome haploidization at meiosis depends on two consecutive nuclear divisions, which are controlled by an oscillatory system consisting of Cdk1-cyclin B and the APC/C bound to the Cdc20 activator. How the oscillator generates exactly two divisions has been unclear. We have studied this question in yeast where exit from meiosis involves accumulation of the APC/C activator Ama1 at meiosis II. We show that inactivation of the meiosis I-specific protein Spo13/MEIKIN results in a single-division meiosis due to premature activation of APC/CAma1 . In the wild type, Spo13 bound to the polo-like kinase Cdc5 prevents Ama1 synthesis at meiosis I by stabilizing the translational repressor Rim4. In addition, Cdc5-Spo13 inhibits the activity of Ama1 by converting the B-type cyclin Clb1 from a substrate to an inhibitor of Ama1. Cdc20-dependent degradation of Spo13 at anaphase I unleashes a feedback loop that increases Ama1's synthesis and activity, leading to irreversible exit from meiosis at the second division. Thus, by repressing the exit machinery at meiosis I, Cdc5-Spo13 ensures that cells undergo two divisions to produce haploid gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Rojas
- Laboratory of Chromosome BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Present address:
Laboratory of GeneticsUniversity of Wisconsin‐MadisonMadisonWIUSA
| | - Tugce Oz
- Laboratory of Chromosome BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Katarzyna Jonak
- Laboratory of Chromosome BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
- Present address:
Institute of Biochemistry and BiophysicsPolish Academy of SciencesWarsawPoland
| | - Oleksii Lyzak
- Laboratory of Chromosome BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Vinal Massaad
- Laboratory of Chromosome BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Olha Biriuk
- Laboratory of Chromosome BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
| | - Wolfgang Zachariae
- Laboratory of Chromosome BiologyMax Planck Institute of BiochemistryMartinsriedGermany
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2
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Nuckolls NL, Nidamangala Srinivasa A, Mok AC, Helston RM, Bravo Núñez MA, Lange JJ, Gallagher TJ, Seidel CW, Zanders SE. S. pombe wtf drivers use dual transcriptional regulation and selective protein exclusion from spores to cause meiotic drive. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1009847. [PMID: 36477651 PMCID: PMC9762604 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1009847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic drivers bias gametogenesis to ensure their transmission into more than half the offspring of a heterozygote. In Schizosaccharomyces pombe, wtf meiotic drivers destroy the meiotic products (spores) that do not inherit the driver from a heterozygote, thereby reducing fertility. wtf drivers encode both a Wtfpoison protein and a Wtfantidote protein using alternative transcriptional start sites. Here, we analyze how the expression and localization of the Wtf proteins are regulated to achieve drive. We show that transcriptional timing and selective protein exclusion from developing spores ensure that all spores are exposed to Wtf4poison, but only the spores that inherit wtf4 receive a dose of Wtf4antidote sufficient for survival. In addition, we show that the Mei4 transcription factor, a master regulator of meiosis, controls the expression of the wtf4poison transcript. This transcriptional regulation, which includes the use of a critical meiotic transcription factor, likely complicates the universal suppression of wtf genes without concomitantly disrupting spore viability. We propose that these features contribute to the evolutionary success of the wtf drivers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole L. Nuckolls
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Ananya Nidamangala Srinivasa
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
| | - Anthony C. Mok
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- University of Missouri—Kansas City, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Rachel M. Helston
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | | | - Jeffrey J. Lange
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Todd J. Gallagher
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Chris W. Seidel
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
| | - Sarah E. Zanders
- Stowers Institute for Medical Research, Kansas City, Missouri, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, Kansas, United States of America
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3
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Ohtsuka H, Imada K, Shimasaki T, Aiba H. Sporulation: A response to starvation in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Microbiologyopen 2022; 11:e1303. [PMID: 35765188 PMCID: PMC9214231 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe employs two main strategies to adapt to the environment and survive when starved for nutrients. The strategies employ sporulation via sexual differentiation and extension of the chronological lifespan. When a cell is exposed to nutrient starvation in the presence of a cell of the opposite sex, the cells undergo fusion through conjugation and sporulation through meiosis. S. pombe spores are highly resistant to diverse stresses and may survive for a very long time. In this minireview, among the various sexual differentiation processes induced by starvation, we focused on and summarized the findings of the molecular mechanisms of spore formation in fission yeast. Furthermore, comparative measurements of the chronological lifespan of stationary phase cells and G0 cells and the survival period of spore cells revealed that the spore cells survived for a long period, indicating the presence of an effective mechanism for survival. Currently, many molecules involved in sporulation and their functions are being discovered; however, our understanding of these is not complete. Further understanding of spores may not only deepen our comprehension of sexual differentiation but may also provide hints for sustaining life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hokuto Ohtsuka
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kazuki Imada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, National Institute of Technology (KOSEN), Suzuka College, Suzuka, Japan.,Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Osaka City University, Sumiyoshi-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takafumi Shimasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Aiba
- Laboratory of Molecular Microbiology, Department of Basic Medicinal Sciences, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Nagoya University, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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4
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Sakuno T, Tashiro S, Tanizawa H, Iwasaki O, Ding DQ, Haraguchi T, Noma KI, Hiraoka Y. Rec8 Cohesin-mediated Axis-loop chromatin architecture is required for meiotic recombination. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:3799-3816. [PMID: 35333350 PMCID: PMC9023276 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkac183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase, cohesin-dependent axial structures are formed in the synaptonemal complex (SC). However, the functional correlation between these structures and cohesion remains elusive. Here, we examined the formation of cohesin-dependent axial structures in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. This organism forms atypical SCs composed of linear elements (LinEs) resembling the lateral elements of SC but lacking the transverse filaments. Hi-C analysis using a highly synchronous population of meiotic S. pombe cells revealed that the axis-loop chromatin structure formed in meiotic prophase was dependent on the Rec8 cohesin complex. In contrast, the Rec8-mediated formation of the axis-loop structure occurred in cells lacking components of LinEs. To dissect the functions of Rec8, we identified a rec8-F204S mutant that lost the ability to assemble the axis-loop structure without losing cohesion of sister chromatids. This mutant showed defects in the formation of the axis-loop structure and LinE assembly and thus exhibited reduced meiotic recombination. Collectively, our results demonstrate that the Rec8-dependent axis-loop structure provides a structural platform essential for LinE assembly, facilitating meiotic recombination of homologous chromosomes, independently of its role in sister chromatid cohesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Sakuno
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Sanki Tashiro
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Hideki Tanizawa
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Osamu Iwasaki
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
| | - Da-Qiao Ding
- Advanced ICT Research Institute Kobe, National Institute of Information and Communications Technology, Kobe 651-2492, Japan
| | - Tokuko Haraguchi
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ken-ichi Noma
- Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Oregon, Eugene, OR 97403, USA
- Institute for Genetic Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0815, Japan
| | - Yasushi Hiraoka
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Suita 565-0871, Japan
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5
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Sato M, Kakui Y, Toya M. Tell the Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis: Interplay Between Chromosomes, Cytoskeleton, and Cell Cycle Regulation. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:660322. [PMID: 33898463 PMCID: PMC8060462 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.660322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized style of cell division conserved in eukaryotes, particularly designed for the production of gametes. A huge number of studies to date have demonstrated how chromosomes behave and how meiotic events are controlled. Yeast substantially contributed to the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of meiosis in the past decades. Recently, evidence began to accumulate to draw a perspective landscape showing that chromosomes and microtubules are mutually influenced: microtubules regulate chromosomes, whereas chromosomes also regulate microtubule behaviors. Here we focus on lessons from recent advancement in genetical and cytological studies of the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, revealing how chromosomes, cytoskeleton, and cell cycle progression are organized and particularly how these are differentiated in mitosis and meiosis. These studies illuminate that meiosis is strategically designed to fulfill two missions: faithful segregation of genetic materials and production of genetic diversity in descendants through elaboration by meiosis-specific factors in collaboration with general factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masamitsu Sato
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Medical-Oriented Structural Biology, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Kakui
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Waseda Institute for Advanced Study, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Mika Toya
- Laboratory of Cytoskeletal Logistics, Center for Advanced Biomedical Sciences (TWIns), Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Institute for Advanced Research of Biosystem Dynamics, Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Major in Bioscience, Global Center for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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6
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The S. pombe CDK5 Orthologue Pef1 Cooperates with Three Cyclins, Clg1, Pas1 and Psl1, to Promote Pre-Meiotic DNA Replication. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11010089. [PMID: 33445784 PMCID: PMC7828282 DOI: 10.3390/biom11010089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2020] [Revised: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiosis is a specialized cell division process that mediates genetic information transfer to the next generation. Meiotic chromosomal segregation occurs when DNA replication is completed during the pre-meiotic S phase. Here, we show that Schizosaccharomyces pombe Pef1, an orthologue of mammalian cyclin-dependent kinase 5 (CDK5), is required to promote pre-meiotic DNA replication. We examined the efficiency of meiotic initiation using pat1-114 mutants and found that, meiotic nuclear divisions did not occur in the pef1Δ pat1-114 strain. Deletion of pef1 also suppressed the expression of DNA replication factors and the phosphorylation of Cdc2 Tyr-15. The double deletion of clg1 and psl1 arrested meiotic initiation in pat1-114 mutant cells, similar to that of pef1-deficient cells. Meiotic progression was also slightly delayed in the pas1-deficient strain. Our results reveal that Pef1 regulates cyclin-coordinated meiotic progression.
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7
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Vještica A, Bérard M, Liu G, Merlini L, Nkosi PJ, Martin SG. Cell cycle-dependent and independent mating blocks ensure fungal zygote survival and ploidy maintenance. PLoS Biol 2021; 19:e3001067. [PMID: 33406066 PMCID: PMC7815208 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3001067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
To ensure genome stability, sexually reproducing organisms require that mating brings together exactly 2 haploid gametes and that meiosis occurs only in diploid zygotes. In the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe, fertilization triggers the Mei3-Pat1-Mei2 signaling cascade, which represses subsequent mating and initiates meiosis. Here, we establish a degron system to specifically degrade proteins postfusion and demonstrate that mating blocks not only safeguard zygote ploidy but also prevent lysis caused by aberrant fusion attempts. Using long-term imaging and flow-cytometry approaches, we identify previously unrecognized and independent roles for Mei3 and Mei2 in zygotes. We show that Mei3 promotes premeiotic S-phase independently of Mei2 and that cell cycle progression is both necessary and sufficient to reduce zygotic mating behaviors. Mei2 not only imposes the meiotic program and promotes the meiotic cycle, but also blocks mating behaviors independently of Mei3 and cell cycle progression. Thus, we find that fungi preserve zygote ploidy and survival by at least 2 mechanisms where the zygotic fate imposed by Mei2 and the cell cycle reentry triggered by Mei3 synergize to prevent zygotic mating. During sexual reproduction, fertilization must happen between exactly two gametes to ensure genome stability. This study shows that two mechanisms – establishment of zygotic fate and re-entry to the cell cycle – combine to prevent fission yeast zygotes fusing with further gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Vještica
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AV); (SGM)
| | - Melvin Bérard
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Gaowen Liu
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Merlini
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Junior Nkosi
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie G. Martin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- * E-mail: (AV); (SGM)
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8
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Modeling the Control of Meiotic Cell Divisions: Entry, Progression, and Exit. Biophys J 2020; 119:1015-1024. [PMID: 32783879 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpj.2020.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/20/2020] [Accepted: 07/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Upon nitrogen starvation, Schizosaccharomyces pombe exit the mitotic cell cycle and become irreversibly committed to the completion of meiosis program. Meiotic cell divisions are coordinated with sporulation events to produce haploid spores. In the last few decades, experiments on fission yeast have revealed different molecular players involved in two meiotic cell divisions, meiosis I (MI) and meiosis II (MII). How the MI entry, MI-to-MII transition, and MII exit occur because of the dynamics of the regulatory network is not well understood. In this work, we developed a comprehensive mathematical model of the network that describes the temporal dynamics of meiotic progression. The model accounts for the phenotypes of several experimental data (single and multiple mutations). We demonstrate the control strategy involving multiple feedback loops to yield two successive division cycles. The differential regulation of anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) coactivators and its inhibitors is crucial for the dynamics of both MI-to-MII transition and MII exit. This model generates mechanistic insights that help in further experiments and modeling.
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9
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CDK Regulation of Meiosis: Lessons from S. cerevisiae and S. pombe. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11070723. [PMID: 32610611 PMCID: PMC7397238 DOI: 10.3390/genes11070723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Revised: 06/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic progression requires precise orchestration, such that one round of DNA replication is followed by two meiotic divisions. The order and timing of meiotic events is controlled through the modulation of the phosphorylation state of proteins. Key components of this phospho-regulatory system include cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) and its cyclin regulatory subunits. Over the past two decades, studies in budding and fission yeast have greatly informed our understanding of the role of CDK in meiotic regulation. In this review, we provide an overview of how CDK controls meiotic events in both budding and fission yeast. We discuss mechanisms of CDK regulation through post-translational modifications and changes in the levels of cyclins. Finally, we highlight the similarities and differences in CDK regulation between the two yeast species. Since CDK and many meiotic regulators are highly conserved, the findings in budding and fission yeasts have revealed conserved mechanisms of meiotic regulation among eukaryotes.
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10
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Vještica A, Merlini L, Nkosi PJ, Martin SG. Gamete fusion triggers bipartite transcription factor assembly to block re-fertilization. Nature 2018; 560:397-400. [PMID: 30089908 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-018-0407-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The ploidy cycle, which is integral to sexual reproduction, requires meiosis to halve chromosome numbers as well as mechanisms that ensure zygotes are formed by exactly two partners1-4. During sexual reproduction of the fungal model organism Schizosaccharomyces pombe, haploid P and M cells fuse to form a diploid zygote that immediately enters meiosis5. Here we reveal that rapid post-fusion reconstitution of a bipartite transcription factor blocks re-fertilization. We first identify mutants that undergo transient cell fusion involving cytosol exchange but not karyogamy, and show that this drives distinct cell fates in the two gametes. The P partner undergoes lethal haploid meiosis, whereas the M cell persists in mating. The zygotic transcription that drives meiosis is rapidly initiated first from the P parental genome, even in wild-type cells. This asymmetric gene expression depends on a bipartite complex formed post-fusion between the cytosolic M-cell-specific peptide Mi and the nuclear P-cell-specific homeobox protein Pi6,7, which captures Mi in the P nucleus. Zygotic transcription is thus poised to initiate in the P nucleus as fast as Mi reaches it after fusion, a design that we reconstruct using two synthetic interactors localized to the nucleus and the cytosol of two respective partner cells. Notably, delaying zygotic transcription-by postponing Mi expression or deleting its transcriptional target in the P genome-leads to zygotes fusing with additional gametes, thus forming polyploids and eventually aneuploid progeny. The signalling cascade to block re-fertilization shares components with, but bifurcates from, meiotic induction8-10. Thus, a cytoplasmic connection upon gamete fusion leads to asymmetric reconstitution of a bipartite transcription factor to rapidly block re-fertilization and induce meiosis, ensuring genome maintenance during sexual reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Vještica
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Laura Merlini
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Junior Nkosi
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Sophie G Martin
- Department of Fundamental Microbiology, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland.
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11
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The telomere bouquet facilitates meiotic prophase progression and exit in fission yeast. Cell Discov 2017; 3:17041. [PMID: 29123917 PMCID: PMC5674143 DOI: 10.1038/celldisc.2017.41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
During meiotic prophase, chromosome arrangement and oscillation promote the pairing of homologous chromosomes for meiotic recombination. This dramatic movement involves clustering of telomeres at the nuclear membrane to form the so-called telomere bouquet. In fission yeast, the telomere bouquet is formed near the spindle pole body (SPB), which is the microtubule organising centre, functionally equivalent to the metazoan centrosome. Disruption of bouquet configuration impedes homologous chromosome pairing, meiotic recombination and spindle formation. Here, we demonstrate that the bouquet is maintained throughout meiotic prophase and promotes timely prophase exit in fission yeast. Persistent DNA damages, induced during meiotic recombination, activate the Rad3 and Chk1 DNA damage checkpoint kinases and extend the bouquet stage beyond the chromosome oscillation period. The auxin-inducible degron system demonstrated that premature termination of the bouquet stage leads to severe extension of prophase and consequently spindle formation defects. However, this delayed exit from meiotic prophase was not caused by residual DNA damage. Rather, loss of chromosome contact with the SPB caused delayed accumulation of CDK1-cyclin B at the SPB, which correlated with impaired SPB separation. In the absence of the bouquet, CDK1-cyclin B localised near the telomeres but not at the SPB at the later stage of meiotic prophase. Thus, bouquet configuration is maintained throughout meiotic prophase, by which this spatial organisation may facilitate local and timely activation of CDK1 near the SPB. Our findings illustrate that chromosome contact with the nuclear membrane synchronises meiotic progression of the nucleoplasmic chromosomes with that of the cytoplasmic SPB.
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12
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Murakami-Tonami Y, Ohtsuka H, Aiba H, Murakami H. Regulation of wee1(+) expression during meiosis in fission yeast. Cell Cycle 2015; 13:2853-8. [PMID: 25486473 PMCID: PMC4612672 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.946807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In eukaryotes, the cyclin-dependent kinase Cdk1p (Cdc2p) plays a central role in entry into and progression through nuclear division during mitosis and meiosis. Cdk1p is activated during meiotic nuclear divisions by dephosphorylation of its tyrosine-15 residue. The phosphorylation status of this residue is largely determined by the Wee1p kinase and the Cdc25p phosphatase. In fission yeast, the forkhead-type transcription factor Mei4p is essential for entry into the first meiotic nuclear division. We recently identified cdc25+ as an essential target of Mei4p in the control of entry into meiosis I. Here, we show that wee1+ is another important target of Mei4p in the control of entry into meiosis I. Mei4p bound to the upstream region of wee1+ in vivo and in vitro and inhibited expression of wee1+, whereas Mei4p positively regulated expression of the adjacent pseudogene. Overexpression of Mei4p inhibited expression of wee1+ and induced that of the pseudogene. Conversely, deletion of Mei4p did not decrease expression of wee1+ but inhibited that of the pseudogene. In addition, deletion of Mei4p-binding regions delayed repression of wee1+ expression as well as induction of expression of the pseudogene. These results suggest that repression of wee1+ expression is primarily owing to Mei4p-mediated transcriptional interference.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuko Murakami-Tonami
- a Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute ; Division of Molecular Oncology ; Nagoya , Japan
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13
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Transcriptional control of fungal cell cycle and cellular events by Fkh2, a forkhead transcription factor in an insect pathogen. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10108. [PMID: 25955538 PMCID: PMC4424799 DOI: 10.1038/srep10108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Transcriptional control of the cell cycle by forkhead (Fkh) transcription factors is likely associated with fungal adaptation to host and environment. Here we show that Fkh2, an ortholog of yeast Fkh1/2, orchestrates cell cycle and many cellular events of Beauveria bassiana, a filamentous fungal insect pathogen. Deletion of Fkh2 in B. bassiana resulted in dramatic down-regulation of the cyclin-B gene cluster and hence altered cell cycle (longer G2/M and S, but shorter G0/G1, phases) in unicellular blastospores. Consequently, ΔFkh2 produced twice as many, but smaller, blastospores than wild-type under submerged conditions, and formed denser septa and shorter/broader cells in aberrantly branched hyphae. In these hyphae, clustered genes required for septation and conidiation were remarkedly up-regulated, followed by higher yield and slower germination of aerial conidia. Moreover, ΔFkh2 displayed attenuated virulence and decreased tolerance to chemical and environmental stresses, accompanied with altered transcripts and activities of phenotype-influencing proteins or enzymes. All the changes in ΔFkh2 were restored by Fkh2 complementation. All together, Fkh2-dependent transcriptional control is vital for the adaptation of B. bassiana to diverse habitats of host insects and hence contributes to its biological control potential against arthropod pests.
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14
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Ruan K, Yamamoto TG, Asakawa H, Chikashige Y, Masukata H, Haraguchi T, Hiraoka Y. Meiotic nuclear movements in fission yeast are regulated by the transcription factor Mei4 downstream of a Cds1-dependent replication checkpoint pathway. Genes Cells 2014; 20:160-72. [PMID: 25492408 PMCID: PMC4359684 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In meiosis, the fission yeast nucleus displays an elongated morphology, moving back and forth within the cell; these nuclear movements continue for approximately 2 h before meiotic nuclear divisions. Meiotic DNA replication occurs in an early phase of the nuclear movements and is followed by meiotic prophase. Here we report that in mutants deficient in meiotic DNA replication, the duration of nuclear movements is strikingly prolonged to four to 5 h. We found that this prolongation was caused by the Cds1-dependent replication checkpoint, which represses expression of the mei4+ gene encoding a meiosis-specific transcription factor. In the absence of Mei4, nuclear movements persisted for more than 8 h. In contrast, overproduction of Mei4 accelerated termination of nuclear movements to approximately 30 min. These results show that Mei4 is involved in the termination of nuclear movements and that Mei4-mediated regulatory pathways link a DNA replication checkpoint to the termination of nuclear movements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Ruan
- Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, 565-0871, Japan
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15
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Soriano I, Quintales L, Antequera F. Clustered regulatory elements at nucleosome-depleted regions punctuate a constant nucleosomal landscape in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. BMC Genomics 2013; 14:813. [PMID: 24256300 PMCID: PMC4046669 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-14-813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 11/14/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nucleosomes facilitate the packaging of the eukaryotic genome and modulate the access of regulators to DNA. A detailed description of the nucleosomal organization under different transcriptional programmes is essential to understand their contribution to genomic regulation. RESULTS To visualize the dynamics of individual nucleosomes under different transcriptional programmes we have generated high-resolution nucleosomal maps in Schizosaccharomyces pombe. We show that 98.5% of the genome remains almost invariable during mitosis and meiosis while remodelling is limited to approximately 1100 nucleosomes in the promoters of a subset of meiotic genes. These inducible nucleosome-depleted regions (NDR) and also those constitutively present in the genome overlap precisely with clusters of binding sites for transcription factors (TF) specific for meiosis and for different functional classes of genes, respectively. Deletion of two TFs affects only a small fraction of all the NDRs to which they bind in vivo, indicating that TFs collectively contribute to NDR maintenance. CONCLUSIONS Our results show that the nucleosomal profile in S. pombe is largely maintained under different physiological conditions and patterns of gene expression. This relatively constant landscape favours the concentration of regulators in constitutive and inducible NDRs. The combinatorial analysis of binding motifs in this discrete fraction of the genome will facilitate the definition of the transcriptional regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio Soriano
- Instituto de Biología Funcional y Genómica, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)/Universidad de Salamanca, Campus Miguel de Unamuno, 37007 Salamanca, Spain.
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16
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Le AH, Mastro TL, Forsburg SL. The C-terminus of S. pombe DDK subunit Dfp1 is required for meiosis-specific transcription and cohesin cleavage. Biol Open 2013; 2:728-38. [PMID: 23862021 PMCID: PMC3711041 DOI: 10.1242/bio.20135173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 05/14/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The DDK complex is a conserved kinase complex, consisting of a catalytic subunit, Hsk1 (Cdc7), and its regulatory subunit Dfp1 (Dbf4). This kinase is essential for DNA replication. In this work, we show that dfp1-r35, which truncates the Dfp1 C-terminus zinc finger, causes severe meiotic defects, including reduced spore viability, reduced formation of programmed double strand breaks, altered expression of meiotic genes, and disrupted chromosome segregation. There is a high frequency of dyad formation. Mutants are also defective in the phosphorylation and degradation of the meiotic cohesion, Rec8, resulting in a failure to proceed through the MII division. These defects are more pronounced in a haploid meiosis model than in a normal diploid meiosis. Thus, several critical meiotic functions are linked specifically to the C-terminus of Dfp1, which may target specific substrates for phosphorylation by Hsk1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh-Huy Le
- Program in Molecular and Computational Biology, University of Southern California , Los Angeles, CA 90089-2910 , USA
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17
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Trickey M, Fujimitsu K, Yamano H. Anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome-mediated proteolysis of Ams2 in the G1 phase ensures the coupling of histone gene expression to DNA replication in fission yeast. J Biol Chem 2012. [PMID: 23195958 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.410241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Histone transcription and deposition are tightly regulated with the DNA replication cycle to maintain genetic integrity. Ams2 is a GATA-containing transcription factor responsible for core histone gene expression and for CENP-A loading at centromeres in fission yeast. Ams2 levels are cell cycle-regulated, and after the S phase Ams2 is degraded by the SCF(pof3) ubiquitin ligase; however, the regulation of Ams2 in G(1) or meiosis is poorly understood. Here we show that another ubiquitin ligase, the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C) targets Ams2 for destruction in G(1). Ubiquitylation and destruction of Ams2 is dependent upon a coactivator Cdh1/Ste9 and the KEN box in the C terminus of Ams2. We also find that stabilization of Ams2 sensitizes cells to the anti-microtubule drug thiabendazole and the histone deacetylase inhibitor tricostatin A when a histone deacetylase gene hst4 is deleted, suggesting that histone acetylation together with Ams2 stability ensures the coupling of mitosis to DNA replication. Furthermore, in meiosis, the failure of the APC/C-mediated destruction of Ams2 is deleterious, and pre-meiotic DNA replication is barely completed. These data suggest that Ams2 destruction via both the APC/C and the SCF ubiquitin ligases underlies the coordination of histone expression and DNA replication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Trickey
- Cell Cycle Control Group, University College London Cancer Institute, WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
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18
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Potter K, Cremona N, Sunder S, Wise JA. A dominant role for meiosis-specific 3' RNA processing in controlling expression of a fission yeast cyclin gene. RNA (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2012; 18:1408-1420. [PMID: 22647846 PMCID: PMC3383971 DOI: 10.1261/rna.033423.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2012] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Meiotic gene regulation provides a rich source of insight into mechanisms of temporal control during development. We previously reported that accumulation of many meiotic mRNAs in fission yeast is governed by changes in 3' RNA processing and elucidated the molecular basis of this regulatory mechanism for an early meiotic gene. Here, we report that cleavage/polyadenylation is also the nexus of negative control for middle meiotic genes. Parallel profiles of splicing and polyadenylation are observed over a meiotic time course for both rem1 and spo4 but not for a constitutive control gene. Nevertheless, polyadenylation of rem1 transcripts is restricted to meiosis by a splicing-independent mechanism. Through systematic sequence substitutions, we identified a negative control region (NCR) located upstream of the rem1 transcription start site and found that it is required to block 3' RNA processing in proliferating cells. Ablation of the NCR relieves inhibition regardless of whether the intron is present, absent, or carries splice site mutations. Consistent with the previous report of a polypeptide encoded by the first exon of rem1, we discovered a second 3' processing site just downstream from the 5' splice site. Polyadenylation within the intron is activated concurrent with the downstream site during meiosis, is controlled by the NCR, and is enhanced when splicing is blocked via 5' junction or branch point mutations. Taken together, these data suggest a novel regulatory mechanism in which a 5' element modulates the dynamic interplay between splicing and polyadenylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Potter
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4960, USA
| | - Nicole Cremona
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4960, USA
| | | | - Jo Ann Wise
- Center for RNA Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106-4960, USA
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19
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Kakui Y, Sato M, Tanaka K, Yamamoto M. A novel fission yeast mei4 mutant that allows efficient synchronization of telomere dispersal and the first meiotic division. Yeast 2011; 28:467-79. [PMID: 21449049 DOI: 10.1002/yea.1851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The progression of meiosis is controlled by a number of gene-expression systems in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. A forkhead-type transcription factor Mei4 activates a number of genes essential for progression from the middle to late stages of meiosis, which include meiosis I, meiosis II and sporulation. The mei4-deletion mutant (mei4Δ) arrests after meiotic prophase and does not enter meiosis I. To further analyse the Mei4 function, we isolated novel temperature-sensitive mei4 alleles. The two alleles isolated in the initial screen turned out to contain a substitution at N136 in the forkhead DNA-binding domain. Among site-directed mutants that carried a point mutation at this position, the mei4-N136A mutant showed the most severe temperature sensitivity. The mei4-N136A mutant arrested before meiosis I at the restrictive temperature, as did the mei4Δ mutant. In fission yeast, the telomeres are clustered at the spindle pole body (SPB) in meiotic prophase and disperse from it at the onset of meiosis I. The mei4Δ mutant was found to arrest with its telomeres clustered at the SPB, demonstrating a role for Mei4 in telomere dispersion. The mei4-N136A mutant also arrested with clustered telomeres at the restrictive temperature, and the clustering was synchronously resolved after a temperature down-shift, indicating that mei4-N136A is a reversible allele. Hence, the mei4-N136A mutant will be a unique tool to synchronize the meiotic cell cycle from meiosis I onwards and may facilitate analyses of cellular activities occurring during meiosis I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasutaka Kakui
- Department of Biophysics and Biochemistry, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
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20
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Klutstein M, Siegfried Z, Gispan A, Farkash-Amar S, Zinman G, Bar-Joseph Z, Simchen G, Simon I. Combination of genomic approaches with functional genetic experiments reveals two modes of repression of yeast middle-phase meiosis genes. BMC Genomics 2010; 11:478. [PMID: 20716365 PMCID: PMC3091674 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2164-11-478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 08/17/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Regulation of meiosis and sporulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae is a model for a highly regulated developmental process. Meiosis middle phase transcriptional regulation is governed by two transcription factors: the activator Ndt80 and the repressor Sum1. It has been suggested that the competition between Ndt80 and Sum1 determines the temporal expression of their targets during middle meiosis. Results Using a combination of ChIP-on-chip and expression profiling, we characterized a middle phase transcriptional network and studied the relationship between Ndt80 and Sum1 during middle and late meiosis. While finding a group of genes regulated by both factors in a feed forward loop regulatory motif, our data also revealed a large group of genes regulated solely by Ndt80. Measuring the expression of all Ndt80 target genes in various genetic backgrounds (WT, sum1Δ and MK-ER-Ndt80 strains), allowed us to dissect the exact transcriptional network regulating each gene, which was frequently different than the one inferred from the binding data alone. Conclusion These results highlight the need to perform detailed genetic experiments to determine the relative contribution of interactions in transcriptional regulatory networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Klutstein
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, The Institute for Medical Research-Israel-Canada, The Hebrew University-Hadassah Medical School, Jerusalem, Israel
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21
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Ectopic overproduction of a sporulation-specific transcription factor induces assembly of prespore-like membranous compartments in vegetative cells of fission yeast. Genetics 2009; 183:1195-9. [PMID: 19737749 DOI: 10.1534/genetics.109.106906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Mei4 is a key sporulation-specific transcription factor in fission yeast. Ectopic expression of Mei4 in vegetative cells caused formation of nucleated membranous compartments, which shared common features with normal forespore membranes, thereby perturbing nuclear division. These results suggest why expression of development-specific transcription factors must be strictly controlled.
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22
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Current awareness on yeast. Yeast 2008. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
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23
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Shimada M, Yamada-Namikawa C, Murakami-Tonami Y, Yoshida T, Nakanishi M, Urano T, Murakami H. Cdc2p controls the forkhead transcription factor Fkh2p by phosphorylation during sexual differentiation in fission yeast. EMBO J 2007; 27:132-42. [PMID: 18059475 DOI: 10.1038/sj.emboj.7601949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2007] [Accepted: 11/15/2007] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
In most eukaryotes, cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) play a central role in control of cell-cycle progression. Cdks are inactivated from the end of mitosis to the start of the next cell cycle as well as during sexual differentiation. The forkhead-type transcription factor Fkh2p is required for the periodic expression of many genes and for efficient mating in the fission yeast Schizosaccharomyces pombe. However, the mechanism responsible for coordination of cell-cycle progression with sexual differentiation is still unknown. We now show that Fkh2p is phosphorylated by Cdc2p (Cdk1) and that phosphorylation of Fkh2p on T314 or S462 by this Cdk blocks mating in S. pombe by preventing the induction of ste11+ transcription, which is required for the onset of sexual development. We propose that functional interaction between Cdks and forkhead transcription factors may link the mitotic cell cycle and sexual differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Midori Shimada
- Department of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya City University, Mizuho-ku, Nagoya, Japan
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