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Zhao H, Han K, Gao C, Madhira V, Topaloglu U, Lu Y, Jin G. VOC-alarm: mutation-based prediction of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern. Bioinformatics 2022; 38:3549-3556. [PMID: 35640977 PMCID: PMC9272809 DOI: 10.1093/bioinformatics/btac370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARY Mutation is the key for a variant of concern (VOC) to overcome selective pressures, but this process is still unclear. Understanding the association of the mutational process with VOCs is an unmet need. Motivation: Here, we developed VOC-alarm, a method to predict VOCs and their caused COVID surges, using mutations of about 5.7 million SARS-CoV-2 complete sequences. We found that VOCs rely on lineage-level entropy value of mutation numbers to compete with other variants, suggestive of the importance of population-level mutations in the virus evolution. Thus, we hypothesized that VOCs are a result of a mutational process across the globe. Results: Analyzing the mutations from January 2020 to December 2021, we simulated the mutational process by estimating the pace of evolution, and thus divided the time period, January 2020-March 2022, into eight stages. We predicted Alpha, Delta, Delta Plus (AY.4.2) and Omicron (B.1.1.529) by their mutational entropy values in the Stages I, III, V and VII with accelerated paces, respectively. In late November 2021, VOC-alarm alerted that Omicron strongly competed with Delta and Delta plus to become a highly transmissible variant. Using simulated data, VOC-alarm also predicted that Omicron could lead to another COVID surge from January 2022 to March 2022. AVAILABILITY AND IMPLEMENTATION Our software implementation is available at https://github.com/guangxujin/VOC-alarm. SUPPLEMENTARY INFORMATION Supplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Kun Han
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Chao Gao
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Health and Eugenics, Tianjin 300052, China
| | | | - Umit Topaloglu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest School of Medicine, Center for Biomedical Informatics, NC 27101, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
| | - Guangxu Jin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
- Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston-Salem, NC 27157, USA
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Dixit PD, Lyashenko E, Niepel M, Vitkup D. Maximum Entropy Framework for Predictive Inference of Cell Population Heterogeneity and Responses in Signaling Networks. Cell Syst 2020; 10:204-212.e8. [PMID: 31864963 PMCID: PMC7047530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2019.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Predictive models of signaling networks are essential for understanding cell population heterogeneity and designing rational interventions in disease. However, using computational models to predict heterogeneity of signaling dynamics is often challenging because of the extensive variability of biochemical parameters across cell populations. Here, we describe a maximum entropy-based framework for inference of heterogeneity in dynamics of signaling networks (MERIDIAN). MERIDIAN estimates the joint probability distribution over signaling network parameters that is consistent with experimentally measured cell-to-cell variability of biochemical species. We apply the developed approach to investigate the response heterogeneity in the EGFR/Akt signaling network. Our analysis demonstrates that a significant fraction of cells exhibits high phosphorylated Akt (pAkt) levels hours after EGF stimulation. Our findings also suggest that cells with high EGFR levels predominantly contribute to the subpopulation of cells with high pAkt activity. We also discuss how MERIDIAN can be extended to accommodate various experimental measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Purushottam D Dixit
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
| | - Eugenia Lyashenko
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mario Niepel
- Laboratory of Systems Pharmacology, HMS LINCS Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Dennis Vitkup
- Department of Systems Biology, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA; Center for Computational Biology and Bioinformatics, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA.
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Attentional bias towards cannabis cues in cannabis users: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 206:107719. [PMID: 31753732 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107719] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2019] [Revised: 10/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Attentional bias, the automatic selective attentional orientation towards drug-related stimuli is well demonstrated in substance users. However, attentional bias studies of cannabis users specifically have thus far been inconclusive. Thus, the aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to synthesize the currently available literature regarding cannabis related attentional bias in cannabis users. METHODS Literature search and selection was carried out, following the PRISMA guidelines, with all included studies investigating the relationship between cannabis use and attentional bias towards cannabis cues. RESULTS Fourteen manuscripts, reporting on 1271 participants (cannabis users n = 1044; controls n = 217), were considered for the systematic-review and majority were included in a meta-analysis. Studies reviewed used three types of attentional bias tasks: pictorial stimuli, word stimuli, and non-cannabis stimuli tasks. Greater attentional bias towards cannabis pictures (d = 0.42, P < 0.0001) and words (d = 0.63, P = 0.03) as well as both types of stimuli overall (d = 0.53, P < 0.0001) was observed in cannabis users compared to controls, though there was evidence of significant heterogeneity for both word stimuli and overall meta-analysis. Bigger effect sizes were associated with shorter durations of exposure to cannabis stimuli suggesting mainly automatic orientating rather than controlled attention processing. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that cannabis users display greater attentional bias towards cannabis cues, likely an automatic process, than control groups. Future studies employing shorter exposure durations may validate attentional bias as a treatment target for the development of interventions in people with cannabis use disorder.
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Skinner JA, Campbell EJ, Dayas CV, Garg ML, Burrows TL. The relationship between oxytocin, dietary intake and feeding: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in mice and rats. Front Neuroendocrinol 2019; 52:65-78. [PMID: 30315826 DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Revised: 09/13/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
The neuropeptide oxytocin has been associated with food intake and feeding behaviour. This systematic review aimed to investigate the impact of oxytocin on dietary intake and feeding behaviour in rodent studies. Six electronic databases were searched to identify published studies to April 2018. Preclinical studies in mice and rats were included if they reported: (1) a dietary measure (i.e. food or nutrient and/or behaviour (2) an oxytocin measure, and (3) relationship between the two measures. A total of 75 articles (n = 246 experiments) were included, and study quality appraised. The majority of studies were carried out in males (87%). The top three oxytocin outcomes assessed were: exogenous oxytocin administration (n = 126), oxytocin-receptor antagonist administration (n = 46) and oxytocin gene deletion (n = 29). Meta-analysis of exogenous studies in mice (3 studies, n = 43 comparisons) and rats (n = 8 studies, n = 82 comparisons) showed an overall decrease in food intake with maximum effect shown at 2 h post-administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janelle A Skinner
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Erin J Campbell
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia; Florey Department of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia.
| | - Christopher V Dayas
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Manohar L Garg
- School of Biomedical Sciences and Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
| | - Tracy L Burrows
- Nutrition and Dietetics, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medicine, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia; Priority Research Centre for Physical Activity and Nutrition, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW 2308, Australia.
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Lakhani V, Tan L, Mukherjee S, Stewart WCL, Swords WE, Das J. Mutations in bacterial genes induce unanticipated changes in the relationship between bacterial pathogens in experimental otitis media. ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2018; 5:180810. [PMID: 30564392 PMCID: PMC6281918 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Accepted: 10/19/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
Otitis media (OM) is a common polymicrobial infection of the middle ear in children under the age of 15 years. A widely used experimental strategy to analyse roles of specific phenotypes of bacterial pathogens of OM is to study changes in co-infection kinetics of bacterial populations in animal models when a wild-type bacterial strain is replaced by a specific isogenic mutant strain in the co-inoculating mixtures. As relationships between the OM bacterial pathogens within the host are regulated by many interlinked processes, connecting the changes in the co-infection kinetics to a bacterial phenotype can be challenging. We investigated middle ear co-infections in adult chinchillas (Chinchilla lanigera) by two major OM pathogens: non-typeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHi) and Moraxella catarrhalis (Mcat), as well as isogenic mutant strains in each bacterial species. We analysed the infection kinetic data using Lotka-Volterra population dynamics, maximum entropy inference and Akaike information criteria-(AIC)-based model selection. We found that changes in relationships between the bacterial pathogens that were not anticipated in the design of the co-infection experiments involving mutant strains are common and were strong regulators of the co-infecting bacterial populations. The framework developed here allows for a systematic analysis of host-host variations of bacterial populations and small sizes of animal cohorts in co-infection experiments to quantify the role of specific mutant strains in changing the infection kinetics. Our combined approach can be used to analyse the functional footprint of mutant strains in regulating co-infection kinetics in models of experimental OM and other polymicrobial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinal Lakhani
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Li Tan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
| | - Sayak Mukherjee
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - William C. L. Stewart
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - W. Edward Swords
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC 27101, USA
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jayajit Das
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
- Department of Biophysics Graduate Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Mitra T, Menon SN, Sinha S. Emergent memory in cell signaling: Persistent adaptive dynamics in cascades can arise from the diversity of relaxation time-scales. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13230. [PMID: 30185923 PMCID: PMC6125488 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31626-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling cascade, an evolutionarily conserved motif present in all eukaryotic cells, is involved in coordinating crucial cellular functions. While the asymptotic dynamical behavior of the pathway stimulated by a time-invariant signal is relatively well-understood, we show using a computational model that it exhibits a rich repertoire of transient adaptive responses to changes in stimuli. When the signal is switched on, the response is characterized by long-lived modulations in frequency as well as amplitude. On withdrawing the stimulus, the activity decays over long timescales, exhibiting reverberations characterized by repeated spiking in the activated MAPK concentration. The long-term persistence of such post-stimulus activity suggests that the cascade retains memory of the signal for a significant duration following its removal. The molecular mechanism underlying the reverberatory activity is related to the existence of distinct relaxation rates for the different cascade components. This results in the imbalance of fluxes between different layers of the cascade, with the reuse of activated kinases as enzymes when they are released from sequestration in complexes. The persistent adaptive response, indicative of a cellular “short-term” memory, suggests that this ubiquitous signaling pathway plays an even more central role in information processing by eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanmay Mitra
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India.,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India
| | - Shakti N Menon
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India
| | - Sitabhra Sinha
- The Institute of Mathematical Sciences, CIT Campus, Taramani, Chennai, 600113, India. .,Homi Bhabha National Institute, Anushaktinagar, Mumbai, 400094, India.
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Mukherjee S, Jensen H, Stewart W, Stewart D, Ray WC, Chen SY, Nolan GP, Lanier LL, Das J. In silico modeling identifies CD45 as a regulator of IL-2 synergy in the NKG2D-mediated activation of immature human NK cells. Sci Signal 2017; 10:10/485/eaai9062. [PMID: 28655861 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aai9062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells perform immunosurveillance of virally infected and transformed cells, and their activation depends on the balance between signaling by inhibitory and activating receptors. Cytokine receptor signaling can synergize with activating receptor signaling to induce NK cell activation. We investigated the interplay between the signaling pathways stimulated by the cytokine interleukin-2 (IL-2) and the activating receptor NKG2D in immature (CD56bright) and mature (CD56dim) subsets of human primary NK cells using mass cytometry experiments and in silico modeling. Our analysis revealed that IL-2 changed the abundances of several key proteins, including NKG2D and the phosphatase CD45. Furthermore, we found differences in correlations between protein abundances, which were associated with the maturation state of the NK cells. The mass cytometry measurements also revealed that the signaling kinetics of key protein abundances induced by NKG2D stimulation depended on the maturation state and the pretreatment condition of the NK cells. Our in silico model, which described the multidimensional data with coupled first-order reactions, predicted that the increase in CD45 abundance was a major enhancer of NKG2D-mediated activation in IL-2-treated CD56bright NK cells but not in IL-2-treated CD56dim NK cells. This dependence on CD45 was verified by measurement of CD107a mobilization to the NK cell surface (a marker of activation). Our mathematical framework can be used to glean mechanisms underlying synergistic signaling pathways in other activated immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Mukherjee
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
| | - Helle Jensen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA
| | - William Stewart
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Statistics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - David Stewart
- Department of Mathematics, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - William C Ray
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Shih-Yu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Garry P Nolan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Lewis L Lanier
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology and Parker Institute for Cancer Immunotherapy, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143, USA.
| | - Jayajit Das
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. .,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43205, USA.,Biophysics Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.,Department of Physics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Jashnsaz H, Nguyen T, Petrache HI, Pressé S. Inferring Models of Bacterial Dynamics toward Point Sources. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0140428. [PMID: 26466373 PMCID: PMC4605597 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0140428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Experiments have shown that bacteria can be sensitive to small variations in chemoattractant (CA) concentrations. Motivated by these findings, our focus here is on a regime rarely studied in experiments: bacteria tracking point CA sources (such as food patches or even prey). In tracking point sources, the CA detected by bacteria may show very large spatiotemporal fluctuations which vary with distance from the source. We present a general statistical model to describe how bacteria locate point sources of food on the basis of stochastic event detection, rather than CA gradient information. We show how all model parameters can be directly inferred from single cell tracking data even in the limit of high detection noise. Once parameterized, our model recapitulates bacterial behavior around point sources such as the “volcano effect”. In addition, while the search by bacteria for point sources such as prey may appear random, our model identifies key statistical signatures of a targeted search for a point source given any arbitrary source configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Jashnsaz
- Physics Dept., Indiana Univ. - Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Tyler Nguyen
- Stark Neuroscience Institute, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
| | - Horia I. Petrache
- Physics Dept., Indiana Univ. - Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
| | - Steve Pressé
- Physics Dept., Indiana Univ. - Purdue Univ. Indianapolis, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, United States of America
- Dept. of Cell and Integrative Physiology, Indiana Univ. School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Mukherjee S, Weimer KE, Seok SC, Ray WC, Jayaprakash C, Vieland VJ, Swords WE, Das J. Host-to-host variation of ecological interactions in polymicrobial infections. Phys Biol 2014; 12:016003. [PMID: 25473880 DOI: 10.1088/1478-3975/12/1/016003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Host-to-host variability with respect to interactions between microorganisms and multicellular hosts are commonly observed in infection and in homeostasis. However, the majority of mechanistic models used to analyze host-microorganism relationships, as well as most of the ecological theories proposed to explain coevolution of hosts and microbes, are based on averages across a host population. By assuming that observed variations are random and independent, these models overlook the role of differences between hosts. Here, we analyze mechanisms underlying host-to-host variations of bacterial infection kinetics, using the well characterized experimental infection model of polymicrobial otitis media (OM) in chinchillas, in combination with population dynamic models and a maximum entropy (MaxEnt) based inference scheme. We find that the nature of the interactions between bacterial species critically regulates host-to-host variations in these interactions. Surprisingly, seemingly unrelated phenomena, such as the efficiency of individual bacterial species in utilizing nutrients for growth, and the microbe-specific host immune response, can become interdependent in a host population. The latter finding suggests a potential mechanism that could lead to selection of specific strains of bacterial species during the coevolution of the host immune response and the bacterial species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sayak Mukherjee
- Battelle Center for Mathematical Medicine, The Research Institute at the Nationwide Children's Hospital and, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA. Departments of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, 700 Children's Drive, Columbus, OH 43205, USA
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