1
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Zhang G, Wang L, Wang J, Li G, Huang G, Yang G, Xue H, Ning Z, Wu Y, Xu JP, Song Y, An Z, Zheng C, Shen J, Li J, Chen Y, Li W. Spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking in KTaO 3 heterointerface superconductors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3046. [PMID: 37236987 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38759-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Broken symmetries play a fundamental role in superconductivity and influence many of its properties in a profound way. Understanding these symmetry breaking states is essential to elucidate the various exotic quantum behaviors in non-trivial superconductors. Here, we report an experimental observation of spontaneous rotational symmetry breaking of superconductivity at the heterointerface of amorphous (a)-YAlO3/KTaO3(111) with a superconducting transition temperature of 1.86 K. Both the magnetoresistance and superconducting critical field in an in-plane field manifest striking twofold symmetric oscillations deep inside the superconducting state, whereas the anisotropy vanishes in the normal state, demonstrating that it is an intrinsic property of the superconducting phase. We attribute this behavior to the mixed-parity superconducting state, which is an admixture of s-wave and p-wave pairing components induced by strong spin-orbit coupling inherent to inversion symmetry breaking at the heterointerface of a-YAlO3/KTaO3. Our work suggests an unconventional nature of the underlying pairing interaction in the KTaO3 heterointerface superconductors, and brings a new broad of perspective on understanding non-trivial superconducting properties at the artificial heterointerfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Lijie Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jinghui Wang
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics & School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Guoan Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Guangyi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Guang Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Huanyi Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Zhongfeng Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Yueshen Wu
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics & School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China
| | - Jin-Peng Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yanru Song
- ShanghaiTech Quantum Device Lab, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Zhenghua An
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
- Institute for Nanoelectronic Devices and Quantum Computing, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Changlin Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Jie Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China.
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, 523808, China.
| | - Jun Li
- ShanghaiTech Laboratory for Topological Physics & School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai, 201210, China.
| | - Yan Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China
| | - Wei Li
- State Key Laboratory of Surface Physics and Department of Physics, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200433, China.
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2
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Gan Y, Yang F, Kong L, Chen X, Xu H, Zhao J, Li G, Zhao Y, Yan L, Zhong Z, Chen Y, Ding H. Light-Induced Giant Rashba Spin-Orbit Coupling at Superconducting KTaO 3 (110) Heterointerfaces. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023:e2300582. [PMID: 36972144 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202300582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
The 2D electron system (2DES) at the KTaO3 surface or heterointerface with 5d orbitals hosts extraordinary physical properties, including a stronger Rashba spin-orbit coupling (RSOC), higher superconducting transition temperature, and potential of topological superconductivity. Herein, a huge enhancement of RSOC under light illumination achieved at a superconducting amorphous-Hf0.5 Zr0.5 O2 /KTaO3 (110) heterointerfaces is reported. The superconducting transition is observed with Tc = 0.62 K and the temperature-dependent upper critical field reveals the interaction between spin-orbit scattering and superconductivity. A strong RSOC with Bso = 1.9 T is revealed by weak antilocalization in the normal state, which undergoes sevenfold enhancement under light illumination. Furthermore, RSOC strength develops a dome-shaped dependence of carrier density with the maximum of Bso = 12.6 T achieved near the Lifshitz transition point nc ≈ 4.1 × 1013 cm-2 . The highly tunable giant RSOC at KTaO3 (110)-based superconducting interfaces show great potential for spintronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yulin Gan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Fazhi Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lingyuan Kong
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Xuejiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Hao Xu
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Jin Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Gang Li
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Yuchen Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Lei Yan
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Zhicheng Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Devices and Zhejiang Province Key Laboratory of Magnetic Materials and Application Technology, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering (NIMTE), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
| | - Yunzhong Chen
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Hong Ding
- Beijing National Laboratory of Condensed Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
- Tsung-Dao Lee Institute & School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
- CAS Center for Excellence in Topological Quantum Computation, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, China
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3
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Popescu DG, Husanu MA, Constantinou PC, Filip LD, Trupina L, Bucur CI, Pasuk I, Chirila C, Hrib LM, Stancu V, Pintilie L, Schmitt T, Teodorescu CM, Strocov VN. Experimental Band Structure of Pb(Zr,Ti)O 3 : Mechanism of Ferroelectric Stabilization. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205476. [PMID: 36592417 PMCID: PMC9951575 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT) is the most common ferroelectric (FE) material widely used in solid-state technology. Despite intense studies of PZT over decades, its intrinsic band structure, electron energy depending on 3D momentum k, is still unknown. Here, Pb(Zr0.2 Ti0.8 )O3 using soft-X-ray angle-resolved photoelectron spectroscopy (ARPES) is explored. The enhanced photoelectron escape depth in this photon energy range allows sharp intrinsic definition of the out-of-plane momentum k and thereby of the full 3D band structure. Furthermore, the problem of sample charging due to the inherently insulating nature of PZT is solved by using thin-film PZT samples, where a thickness-induced self-doping results in their heavy doping. For the first time, the soft-X-ray ARPES experiments deliver the intrinsic 3D band structure of PZT as well as the FE-polarization dependent electrostatic potential profile across the PZT film deposited on SrTiO3 and Lax SrMn1- x O3 substrates. The negative charges near the surface, required to stabilize the FE state pointing away from the sample (P+), are identified as oxygen vacancies creating localized in-gap states below the Fermi energy. For the opposite polarization state (P-), the positive charges near the surface are identified as cation vacancies resulting from non-ideal stoichiometry of the PZT film as deduced from quantitative XPS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lucian Dragos Filip
- National Institute of Materials PhysicsAtomistilor 405AMagurele077125Romania
| | - Lucian Trupina
- National Institute of Materials PhysicsAtomistilor 405AMagurele077125Romania
| | | | - Iuliana Pasuk
- National Institute of Materials PhysicsAtomistilor 405AMagurele077125Romania
| | - Cristina Chirila
- National Institute of Materials PhysicsAtomistilor 405AMagurele077125Romania
| | | | - Viorica Stancu
- National Institute of Materials PhysicsAtomistilor 405AMagurele077125Romania
| | - Lucian Pintilie
- National Institute of Materials PhysicsAtomistilor 405AMagurele077125Romania
| | - Thorsten Schmitt
- Swiss Light SourcePaul Scherrer InstituteVilligen‐PSI5232Switzerland
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4
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Benyoussef M, Saitzek S, Rajput NS, El Marssi M, Jouiad M. Effect of Sr and Ti substitutions on optical and photocatalytic properties of Bi 1-x Sr x Fe 1-x Ti x O 3 nanomaterials. NANOSCALE ADVANCES 2023; 5:869-878. [PMID: 36756517 PMCID: PMC9890516 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00755j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The potential use of down-sized BFO-xSTO systems (x ≤ 25%) as highly efficient photoanodes for photocatalytic water splitting is investigated. BFO-xSTO is prepared by a solid-state method and subsequently deposited by spray coating. The compounds possess rhombohedral symmetry for x ≤ 15% and phase coexistence for x > 15%, as demonstrated by Raman spectroscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Our findings revealed a drastic grain size decrease with increasing STO content, namely 260 nm for BFO to 50 nm for BFO with 25% STO. Moreover, BFO-xSTO, x > 10% exhibited high optical absorption (> 80%) in the full spectrum and interestingly a very promising band alignment with water redox potentials. Moreover, the photochemical measurements revealed a photocurrent density of ∼0.17 μA cm-2 achieved for x = 15% at 0 bias. Using DFT calculations, the substitution effects on the electronic, optical, and photocatalytic performances of the BFO system were investigated and quantified. Surprisingly, a high hydrogen yield (∼191 μmol g-1) was achieved by BFO-12.5%STO compared to 1 μmol g-1 and 57 μmol g-1 for BFO and STO, respectively. This result highlights the beneficial effects of both the downsizing and substitution of BFO on the photocatalytic water splitting and hydrogen production performances of Bi1-x Sr x Fe1-x Ti x O3 systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manal Benyoussef
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University of Picardie Jules Verne Scientific Pole, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, CEDEX 1 80039 Amiens France
| | - Sébastien Saitzek
- Université d'Artois, CNRS, Centrale Lille, ENSCL, Université de Lille, UMR 8181, Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide (UCCS) 62300 Lens France
| | - Nitul S Rajput
- Advanced Materials Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute Abu Dhabi P.O. Box 9639 United Arab Emirates
| | - Mimoun El Marssi
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University of Picardie Jules Verne Scientific Pole, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, CEDEX 1 80039 Amiens France
| | - Mustapha Jouiad
- Laboratory of Physics of Condensed Matter (LPMC), University of Picardie Jules Verne Scientific Pole, 33 Rue Saint-Leu, CEDEX 1 80039 Amiens France
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5
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Das T, Di Liberto G, Pacchioni G. Quantum confinement in chalcogenides 2D nanostructures from first principles. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2022; 34:405301. [PMID: 35868296 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/ac838b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the impact of quantum confinement on the band gap of chalcogenides 2D nanostructures by means of density functional theory. We studied six different systems: MoS2, WS2, SnS2, GaS, InSe, and HfS2and we simulated nanosheets of increasing thickness, ranging from ultrathin films to ∼10-13 nm thick slabs, a size where the properties converge to the bulk. In some cases, the convergence of the band gap with slab thickness is rather slow, and sizeable deviations from the bulk value are still present with few nm-thick sheets. The results of the simulations were compared with the available experimental data, finding a quantitative agreement. The impact of quantum confinement can be rationalized in terms of effective masses of electrons and holes and system's size. These results show the possibility of reliably describing quantum confinement effects on systems for which experimental data are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tilak Das
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Giovanni Di Liberto
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
| | - Gianfranco Pacchioni
- Dipartimento di Scienza dei Materiali, Università di Milano-Bicocca, via Cozzi 55, Milano, 20125, Italy
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6
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Reticcioli M, Wang Z, Schmid M, Wrana D, Boatner LA, Diebold U, Setvin M, Franchini C. Competing electronic states emerging on polar surfaces. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4311. [PMID: 35879300 PMCID: PMC9314351 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31953-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Excess charge on polar surfaces of ionic compounds is commonly described by the two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) model, a homogeneous distribution of charge, spatially-confined in a few atomic layers. Here, by combining scanning probe microscopy with density functional theory calculations, we show that excess charge on the polar TaO2 termination of KTaO3(001) forms more complex electronic states with different degrees of spatial and electronic localization: charge density waves (CDW) coexist with strongly-localized electron polarons and bipolarons. These surface electronic reconstructions, originating from the combined action of electron-lattice interaction and electronic correlation, are energetically more favorable than the 2DEG solution. They exhibit distinct spectroscopy signals and impact on the surface properties, as manifested by a local suppression of ferroelectric distortions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Reticcioli
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Center for Computational Materials Science, Vienna, Austria
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Zhichang Wang
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
- State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Energy Materials, and Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dominik Wrana
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic
| | - Lynn A Boatner
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, USA
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Setvin
- Institute of Applied Physics, Technische Universität Wien, Vienna, Austria.
- Department of Surface and Plasma Science, Faculty of Mathematics and Physics, Charles University, 180 00, Prague 8, Czech Republic.
| | - Cesare Franchini
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics, Center for Computational Materials Science, Vienna, Austria.
- Dipartimento di Fisica e Astronomia, Università di Bologna, 40127, Bologna, Italy.
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7
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Franceschi G, Schmid M, Diebold U, Riva M. Movable holder for a quartz crystal microbalance for exact growth rates in pulsed laser deposition. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:065003. [PMID: 32611011 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/29/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Controlling the amount of material deposited by pulsed laser deposition (PLD) down to fractions of one atomic layer is crucial for nanoscale technologies based on thin-film heterostructures. Albeit unsurpassed for measuring growth rates with high accuracy, the quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) suffers from some limitations when applied to PLD. The strong directionality of the PLD plasma plume and its pronounced dependence on deposition parameters (e.g., background pressure and fluence) require that the QCM is placed at the same position as the substrate during growth. However, QCM sensors are commonly fixed off to one side of the substrate. This also entails fast degradation of the crystal, as it is constantly exposed to the ablated material. The design for a movable QCM holder discussed in this work overcomes these issues. The holder is compatible with standard transfer arms, enabling easy insertion and transfer between a PLD chamber and other adjoining vacuum chambers. The QCM can be placed at the same position as the substrate during PLD growth. Its resonance frequency is measured in vacuum at any location where it can be in contact with an electrical feedthrough, before and after deposition. We tested the design for the deposition of hematite (Fe2O3), comparing the rates derived from the QCM and from reflection high-energy electron diffraction oscillations during homoepitaxial growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Franceschi
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/E134, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/E134, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/E134, 1040 Wien, Austria
| | - Michele Riva
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10/E134, 1040 Wien, Austria
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8
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Bao Z, Fung V, Polo-Garzon F, Hood ZD, Cao S, Chi M, Bai L, Jiang DE, Wu Z. The interplay between surface facet and reconstruction on isopropanol conversion over SrTiO3 nanocrystals. J Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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9
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Dichotomy of the photo-induced 2-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO 3 surface terminations. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:16687-16691. [PMID: 31391304 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1821937116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxide materials are important candidates for the next generation of electronics due to a wide array of desired properties, which they can exhibit alone or when combined with other materials. While SrTiO3 (STO) is often considered a prototypical oxide, it, too, hosts a wide array of unusual properties, including a 2-dimensional electron gas (2DEG), which can form at the surface when exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light. Using layer-by-layer growth of high-quality STO films, we show that the 2DEG only forms with the SrO termination and not with the TiO2 termination, contrary to expectation. This dichotomy of the observed angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) spectra is similarly seen in BaTiO3 (BTO), in which the 2DEG is only observed for BaO-terminated films. These results will allow for a deeper understanding and better control of the electronic structure of titanate films, substrates, and heterostructures.
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10
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Interface-based tuning of Rashba spin-orbit interaction in asymmetric oxide heterostructures with 3d electrons. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3052. [PMID: 31296861 PMCID: PMC6624272 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10961-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 06/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
The Rashba effect plays important roles in emerging quantum materials physics and potential spintronic applications, entailing both the spin orbit interaction (SOI) and broken inversion symmetry. In this work, we devise asymmetric oxide heterostructures of LaAlO3//SrTiO3/LaAlO3 (LAO//STO/LAO) to study the Rashba effect in STO with an initial centrosymmetric structure, and broken inversion symmetry is created by the inequivalent bottom and top interfaces due to their opposite polar discontinuities. Furthermore, we report the observation of a transition from the cubic Rashba effect to the coexistence of linear and cubic Rashba effects in the oxide heterostructures, which is controlled by the filling of Ti orbitals. Such asymmetric oxide heterostructures with initially centrosymmetric materials provide a general strategy for tuning the Rashba SOI in artificial quantum materials. The two-dimensional electron gases that form at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterostructure interfaces feature strong spin-orbit interactions, leading to proposed spintronic applications. Lin et al. show that the design of asymmetric heterostructures enables the Rashba spin-orbit interaction to be tuned between two regimes.
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11
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Wang L, Pan W, Hu WX, Sun DY. Strain-induced indirect-to-direct bandgap transition in an np-type LaAlO 3/SrTiO 3(110) superlattice. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:7075-7082. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp07761d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By applying uniaxial in-plane strains, an indirect-to-direct bandgap transition occurs in the polar LaAlO3/SrTiO3 (110) superlattices.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Wang
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- People's Republic of China
| | - W. Pan
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- People's Republic of China
| | - W. X. Hu
- The computer Center
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- People's Republic of China
| | - D. Y. Sun
- Department of Physics
- East China Normal University
- Shanghai 200241
- People's Republic of China
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12
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Riva M, Kubicek M, Hao X, Franceschi G, Gerhold S, Schmid M, Hutter H, Fleig J, Franchini C, Yildiz B, Diebold U. Influence of surface atomic structure demonstrated on oxygen incorporation mechanism at a model perovskite oxide. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3710. [PMID: 30213926 PMCID: PMC6137039 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-05685-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Perovskite oxide surfaces catalyze oxygen exchange reactions that are crucial for fuel cells, electrolyzers, and thermochemical fuel synthesis. Here, by bridging the gap between surface analysis with atomic resolution and oxygen exchange kinetics measurements, we demonstrate how the exact surface atomic structure can determine the reactivity for oxygen exchange reactions on a model perovskite oxide. Two precisely controlled surface reconstructions with (4 × 1) and (2 × 5) symmetry on 0.5 wt.% Nb-doped SrTiO3(110) were subjected to isotopically labeled oxygen exchange at 450 °C. The oxygen incorporation rate is three times higher on the (4 × 1) surface phase compared to the (2 × 5). Common models of surface reactivity based on the availability of oxygen vacancies or on the ease of electron transfer cannot account for this difference. We propose a structure-driven oxygen exchange mechanism, relying on the flexibility of the surface coordination polyhedra that transform upon dissociation of oxygen molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Riva
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraβe 8-10/E134, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Markus Kubicek
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164EC, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Xianfeng Hao
- Key Laboratory of Applied Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Yanshan University, 066004, Qinhuangdao, China
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/8, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Giada Franceschi
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraβe 8-10/E134, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Stefan Gerhold
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraβe 8-10/E134, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraβe 8-10/E134, 1040, Wien, Austria
| | - Herbert Hutter
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164EC, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Juergen Fleig
- Institute of Chemical Technologies and Analytics, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/164EC, 1060, Wien, Austria
| | - Cesare Franchini
- Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/8, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Bilge Yildiz
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraβe 8-10/E134, 1040, Wien, Austria.
- Laboratory for Electrochemical Interfaces, Departments of Nuclear Science and Engineering, and Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA.
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraβe 8-10/E134, 1040, Wien, Austria.
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13
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Foo GS, Hood ZD, Wu Z. Shape Effect Undermined by Surface Reconstruction: Ethanol Dehydrogenation over Shape-Controlled SrTiO3 Nanocrystals. ACS Catal 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.7b03341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guo Shiou Foo
- Chemical
Sciences Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - Zachary D. Hood
- School
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332, United States
| | - Zili Wu
- Chemical
Sciences Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
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14
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Plumb NC, Radović M. Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy studies of metallic surface and interface states of oxide insulators. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2017; 29:433005. [PMID: 28961143 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aa833f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last decade, conducting states embedded in insulating transition metal oxides (TMOs) have served as gateways to discovering and probing surprising phenomena that can emerge in complex oxides, while also opening opportunities for engineering advanced devices. These states are commonly realized at thin film interfaces, such as the well-known case of LaAlO3 (LAO) grown on SrTiO3 (STO). In recent years, the use of angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) to investigate the k-space electronic structure of such materials led to the discovery that metallic states can also be formed on the bare surfaces of certain TMOs. In this topical review, we report on recent studies of low-dimensional metallic states confined at insulating oxide surfaces and interfaces as seen from the perspective of ARPES, which provides a direct view of the occupied band structure. While offering a fairly broad survey of progress in the field, we draw particular attention to STO, whose surface is so far the best-studied, and whose electronic structure is probably of the most immediate interest, given the ubiquitous use of STO substrates as the basis for conducting oxide interfaces. The ARPES studies provide crucial insights into the electronic band structure, orbital character, dimensionality/confinement, spin structure, and collective excitations in STO surfaces and related oxide surface/interface systems. The obtained knowledge increases our understanding of these complex materials and gives new perspectives on how to manipulate their properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas C Plumb
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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15
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Wang Z, Zhong Z, McKeown Walker S, Ristic Z, Ma JZ, Bruno FY, Riccò S, Sangiovanni G, Eres G, Plumb NC, Patthey L, Shi M, Mesot J, Baumberger F, Radovic M. Atomically Precise Lateral Modulation of a Two-Dimensional Electron Liquid in Anatase TiO 2 Thin Films. NANO LETTERS 2017; 17:2561-2567. [PMID: 28282495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.7b00317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Engineering the electronic band structure of two-dimensional electron liquids (2DELs) confined at the surface or interface of transition metal oxides is key to unlocking their full potential. Here we describe a new approach to tailoring the electronic structure of an oxide surface 2DEL demonstrating the lateral modulation of electronic states with atomic scale precision on an unprecedented length scale comparable to the Fermi wavelength. To this end, we use pulsed laser deposition to grow anatase TiO2 films terminated by a (1 × 4) in-plane surface reconstruction. Employing photostimulated chemical surface doping we induce 2DELs with tunable carrier densities that are confined within a few TiO2 layers below the surface. Subsequent in situ angle-resolved photoemission experiments demonstrate that the (1 × 4) surface reconstruction provides a periodic lateral perturbation of the electron liquid. This causes strong backfolding of the electronic bands, opening of unidirectional gaps and a saddle point singularity in the density of states near the chemical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Z Zhong
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, Würzburg 97070 Germany
| | - S McKeown Walker
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Z Ristic
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J-Z Ma
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190, China
| | - F Y Bruno
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - S Riccò
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - G Sangiovanni
- Institut für Theoretische Physik und Astrophysik, Universität Würzburg , Am Hubland, Würzburg 97070 Germany
| | - G Eres
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory , Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, United States
| | - N C Plumb
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - L Patthey
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - J Mesot
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL) , CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich , CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - F Baumberger
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva , 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - M Radovic
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut , CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
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16
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Zhang C, Liu Z, Chen Z, Xie Y, He R, Tang S, He J, Li W, Jia T, Rebec SN, Ma EY, Yan H, Hashimoto M, Lu D, Mo SK, Hikita Y, Moore RG, Hwang HY, Lee D, Shen Z. Ubiquitous strong electron-phonon coupling at the interface of FeSe/SrTiO 3. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14468. [PMID: 28186084 PMCID: PMC5311057 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2016] [Accepted: 01/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The observation of replica bands in single-unit-cell FeSe on SrTiO3 (STO)(001) by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) has led to the conjecture that the coupling between FeSe electrons and the STO phonons are responsible for the enhancement of Tc over other FeSe-based superconductors. However the recent observation of a similar superconducting gap in single-unit-cell FeSe/STO(110) raised the question of whether a similar mechanism applies. Here we report the ARPES study of the electronic structure of FeSe/STO(110). Similar to the results in FeSe/STO(001), clear replica bands are observed. We also present a comparative study of STO(001) and STO(110) bare surfaces, and observe similar replica bands separated by approximately the same energy, indicating this coupling is a generic feature of the STO surfaces and interfaces. Our findings suggest that the large superconducting gaps observed in FeSe films grown on different STO surface terminations are likely enhanced by a common mechanism. Whether electron–phonon coupling is a generic feature in FeSe/SrTiO3 to enhance superconductivity remains unclear. Here, Zhang et al. report replica bands in FeSe/SrTiO3(110), suggesting a common mechanism in FeSe on SrTiO3 with different surface terminations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Zhang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Zhongkai Liu
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Zhuoyu Chen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Yanwu Xie
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Ruihua He
- Department of Physics, Boston College, Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, USA
| | - Shujie Tang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Junfeng He
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Wei Li
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Tao Jia
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Slavko N Rebec
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Eric Yue Ma
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Hao Yan
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Makoto Hashimoto
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Donghui Lu
- Stanford Synchrotron Radiation Lightsource, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Sung-Kwan Mo
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Yasuyuki Hikita
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Robert G Moore
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Harold Y Hwang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Dunghai Lee
- Department of Physics, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Zhixun Shen
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, 2575 Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA.,Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Departments of Physics and Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
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17
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Coey JMD, Venkatesan M, Stamenov P. Surface magnetism of strontium titanate. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2016; 28:485001. [PMID: 27666311 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/28/48/485001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
SrTiO3 plays a central role in oxide electronics. It is the substrate of choice for functional oxide heterostructures based on perovskite-structure thin-film stacks, and its surface or interface with a polar oxide such as LaAlO3 can become a 2D conductor because of electronic reconstruction or the presence of oxygen defects. Inconsistent reports of magnetic order in SrTiO3 abound in the literature. Here, we report a systematic experimental study aimed at establishing how and when SrTiO3 can develop a magnetic moment at room temperature. Polished (1 0 0), (1 1 0) or (1 1 1) crystal slices from four different suppliers are characterized before and after vacuum annealing at 750 °C, both in single-crystal and powdered form. Impurity content is analysed at the surface and in the bulk. Besides the underlying intrinsic diamagnetism of SrTiO3, magnetic signals are of three types-a Curie law susceptibility due to dilute magnetic impurities at the ppm level, a hysteretic temperature-dependent ferromagnetic impurity contribution, and a practically anhysteretic defect-related temperature-independent component that saturates in about 200 mT. The latter component is intrinsic. It is often the largest, reaching 10 μ B nm-2 of the surface area or more and dominating the magnetic response in low fields at room temperature. It is associated with defects near the surface, and can be destroyed by treatment with Tiron (C6H4Na2O8S2), an electron donor molecule that forms a strong complex with titanium at the surface. The origin of this unusual high-temperature ferromagnetic-like response is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J M D Coey
- School of Physics, Trinity College, Dublin 2, Ireland
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18
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Bai Y, Ye L, Chen T, Wang L, Shi X, Zhang X, Chen D. Facet-Dependent Photocatalytic N 2 Fixation of Bismuth-Rich Bi 5O 7I Nanosheets. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:27661-27668. [PMID: 27668449 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.6b08129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
Bismuth-rich bismuth oxyhalides (Bi-O-X; X = Cl, Br, I) display high photocatalytic reduction activity due to the promoting conduction band potential. In this work, two Bi5O7I nanosheets with different dominant facets were synthesized using either molecular precursor hydrolysis or calcination. Crystal structure characterizations, included X-ray diffraction patterns (XRD), field emission electron microscopy and fast Fourier transformation (FFT) images, showed that hydrolysis and calcination resulted in the dominant exposure of {100} and {001} facets, respectively. Photocatalytic data revealed that Bi5O7I-001 had a higher activity than Bi5O7I-100 for N2 fixation and dye degradation. Photoelectrochemical data revealed that Bi5O7I-001 had higher photoinduced carrier separation efficiency than Bi5O7I-100. The band structure analysis also used to explain the underlying photocatalytic mechanism based on the different conduction band position. This work presents the first report about the facet-dependent photocatalytic performance of bismuth-rich Bi-O-X photocatalysts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, and School of Oil & Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Liqun Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, and School of Oil & Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu 610500, China
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion of Henan Province; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Ting Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, and School of Oil & Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Li Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ecological Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line Project of South-to-North Water Diversion of Henan Province; Henan Collaborative Innovation Center of Water Security for Water Source Region of Mid-line of South-to-North Diversion Project, Nanyang Normal University , Nanyang 473061, China
| | - Xian Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Reservoir Geology and Exploitation, and School of Oil & Natural Gas Engineering, Southwest Petroleum University , Chengdu 610500, China
| | - Xu Zhang
- College of Oil Engineering, Chongqing University of Science and Technology , Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Dan Chen
- Institute of Tarim Oilfield Company , Kuerle 841000, China
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19
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Dudy L, Sing M, Scheiderer P, Denlinger JD, Schütz P, Gabel J, Buchwald M, Schlueter C, Lee TL, Claessen R. In Situ Control of Separate Electronic Phases on SrTiO3 Surfaces by Oxygen Dosing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:7443-7449. [PMID: 27332795 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 05/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Insulating SrTiO3 (STO) can host 2D electron systems (2DESs) on its surfaces, caused by oxygen defects. This study shows that the STO surface exhibits phase separation once the 2DES is formed and relates this inhomogeneity to recently reported magnetic order at STO surfaces and interfaces. The results open pathways to exploit oxygen defects for engineering the electronic and magnetic properties of oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenart Dudy
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Michael Sing
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Philipp Scheiderer
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Jonathan D Denlinger
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94270, USA
| | - Philipp Schütz
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Judith Gabel
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Mathias Buchwald
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | | | - Tien-Lin Lee
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Didcot, Oxfordshire, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ralph Claessen
- Physikalisches Institut and Röntgen Center for Complex Material Systems (RCCM), Universität Würzburg, D-97074, Würzburg, Germany
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20
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Wang Z, McKeown Walker S, Tamai A, Wang Y, Ristic Z, Bruno FY, de la Torre A, Riccò S, Plumb NC, Shi M, Hlawenka P, Sánchez-Barriga J, Varykhalov A, Kim TK, Hoesch M, King PDC, Meevasana W, Diebold U, Mesot J, Moritz B, Devereaux TP, Radovic M, Baumberger F. Tailoring the nature and strength of electron-phonon interactions in the SrTiO3(001) 2D electron liquid. NATURE MATERIALS 2016; 15:835-839. [PMID: 27064529 DOI: 10.1038/nmat4623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Surfaces and interfaces offer new possibilities for tailoring the many-body interactions that dominate the electrical and thermal properties of transition metal oxides. Here, we use the prototypical two-dimensional electron liquid (2DEL) at the SrTiO3(001) surface to reveal a remarkably complex evolution of electron-phonon coupling with the tunable carrier density of this system. At low density, where superconductivity is found in the analogous 2DEL at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interface, our angle-resolved photoemission data show replica bands separated by 100 meV from the main bands. This is a hallmark of a coherent polaronic liquid and implies long-range coupling to a single longitudinal optical phonon branch. In the overdoped regime the preferential coupling to this branch decreases and the 2DEL undergoes a crossover to a more conventional metallic state with weaker short-range electron-phonon interaction. These results place constraints on the theoretical description of superconductivity and allow a unified understanding of the transport properties in SrTiO3-based 2DELs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - S McKeown Walker
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A Tamai
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - Y Wang
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - Z Ristic
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Y Bruno
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - A de la Torre
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - S Riccò
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - N C Plumb
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - P Hlawenka
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY-II, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Sánchez-Barriga
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY-II, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Varykhalov
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie, Elektronenspeicherring BESSY-II, 12489 Berlin, Germany
| | - T K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - M Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK
| | - P D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
| | - W Meevasana
- School of Physics and NANOTEC-SUT Center of Excellence on Advanced Functional Nanomaterials, Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima 30000, Thailand
| | - U Diebold
- Institute of Applied Physics, Vienna University of Technology, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, A-1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - J Mesot
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Institute of Condensed Matter Physics, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
- Laboratory for Solid State Physics, ETH Zürich, CH-8093 Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B Moritz
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - T P Devereaux
- Stanford Institute for Materials and Energy Sciences, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
- Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - M Radovic
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - F Baumberger
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, UK
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21
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Wang Z, Loon A, Subramanian A, Gerhold S, McDermott E, Enterkin JA, Hieckel M, Russell BC, Green RJ, Moewes A, Guo J, Blaha P, Castell MR, Diebold U, Marks LD. Transition from Reconstruction toward Thin Film on the (110) Surface of Strontium Titanate. NANO LETTERS 2016; 16:2407-12. [PMID: 26954064 PMCID: PMC4834633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The surfaces of metal oxides often are reconstructed with a geometry and composition that is considerably different from a simple termination of the bulk. Such structures can also be viewed as ultrathin films, epitaxed on a substrate. Here, the reconstructions of the SrTiO3 (110) surface are studied combining scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), transmission electron diffraction, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS), and analyzed with density functional theory calculations. Whereas SrTiO3 (110) invariably terminates with an overlayer of titania, with increasing density its structure switches from n × 1 to 2 × n. At the same time the coordination of the Ti atoms changes from a network of corner-sharing tetrahedra to a double layer of edge-shared octahedra with bridging units of octahedrally coordinated strontium. This transition from the n × 1 to 2 × n reconstructions is a transition from a pseudomorphically stabilized tetrahedral network toward an octahedral titania thin film with stress-relief from octahedral strontia units at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z. Wang
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- E-mail:
| | - A. Loon
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - A. Subramanian
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - S. Gerhold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - E. McDermott
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - J. A. Enterkin
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - M. Hieckel
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - B. C. Russell
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - R. J. Green
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - A. Moewes
- Department of Physics and Engineering Physics, University of Saskatchewan, 116 Science Place, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - J. Guo
- Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed
Matter Physics and Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, People’s Republic
of China
| | - P. Blaha
- Institute of Materials Chemistry, TU Wien, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, 1060 Vienna, Austria
| | - M. R. Castell
- Department
of Materials, University of Oxford, Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, United
Kingdom
| | - U. Diebold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstrasse 8-10/134, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - L. D. Marks
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
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22
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Sarkar T, Gopinadhan K, Zhou J, Saha S, Coey JMD, Feng YP, Venkatesan T. Electron Transport at the TiO₂ Surfaces of Rutile, Anatase, and Strontium Titanate: The Influence of Orbital Corrugation. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2015; 7:24616-24621. [PMID: 26509804 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b06694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The two-dimensional electron gas in SrTiO3 created by an overlayer of amorphous LaAlO3 is compared with those at the TiO2-terminated surfaces of rutile and anatase. Differences in conductivity are explained in terms of the limiting Ti-O-Ti bond angles (orbital corrugation), band dispersion, and polaron formation. At 300 K, the sheet conductivity and mobility of anatase exceed those for SrTiO3 or rutile by one or two orders of magnitude, respectively. The electrons in rutile become localized below 25 K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tarapada Sarkar
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
| | - Kalon Gopinadhan
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
| | - Jun Zhou
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
| | - Surajit Saha
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
| | - J M D Coey
- School of Physics and CRANN, Trinity College , Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - Yuan Ping Feng
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
| | - T Venkatesan
- Department of Physics, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117542
- NUSNNI-NanoCore, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 117576
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National University of Singapore , Singapore 119077
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23
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Gerhold S, Riva M, Wang Z, Bliem R, Wagner M, Osiecki J, Schulte K, Schmid M, Diebold U. Nickel-Oxide-Modified SrTiO 3(110)-(4 × 1) Surfaces and Their Interaction with Water. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2015; 119:20481-20487. [PMID: 26617682 PMCID: PMC4642217 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b06144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Nickel oxide (NiO), deposited onto the strontium titanate (SrTiO3) (110)-(4 × 1) surface, was studied using photoemission spectroscopy (PES), X-ray absorption near edge structure (XANES), and low-energy He+ ion scattering (LEIS), as well as scanning tunneling microscopy (STM). The main motivation for studying this system comes from the prominent role it plays in photocatalysis. The (4 × 1) reconstructed SrTiO3(110) surface was previously found to be remarkably inert toward water adsorption under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. Nickel oxide grows on this surface as patches without any apparent ordered structure. PES and LEIS reveal an upward band bending, a reduction of the band gap, and reactivity toward water adsorption upon deposition of NiO. Spectroscopic results are discussed with respect to the enhanced reactivity toward water of the NiO-loaded surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Gerhold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Michele Riva
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- CNISM
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Politecnico di
Milano, Piazza Leonardo
da Vinci 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- Swiss
Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5234 Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Roland Bliem
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Margareta Wagner
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Jacek Osiecki
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Karina Schulte
- MAX
IV Laboratory, Lund University, Ole Römers väg 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, TU Wien, Wiedner Hauptstraße 8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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24
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Walker SM, Bruno FY, Wang Z, de la Torre A, Riccó S, Tamai A, Kim TK, Hoesch M, Shi M, Bahramy MS, King PDC, Baumberger F. Carrier-Density Control of the SrTiO3 (001) Surface 2D Electron Gas studied by ARPES. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2015; 27:3894-3899. [PMID: 26010071 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201501556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2015] [Revised: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The origin of the 2D electron gas (2DEG)stabilized at the bare surface of SrTiO3 (001) is investigated. Using high-resolution angle-resolved photoemission and core-level spectroscopy, it is shown conclusively that this 2DEG arises from light-induced oxygen vacancies. The dominant mechanism driving vacancy formation is identified, allowing unprecedented control over the 2DEG carrier density.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siobhan McKeown Walker
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Flavio Yair Bruno
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Zhiming Wang
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Alberto de la Torre
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Sara Riccó
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Anna Tamai
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Timur K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Moritz Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Ming Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
| | - Mohammad Saeed Bahramy
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, Department of Applied Physics, University of Tokyo, 113-8656, Tokyo, Japan
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science, 351-0198, Wako, Japan
| | - Phil D C King
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, KY16 9SS, St Andrews, UK
| | - Felix Baumberger
- Department of Quantum Matter Physics, University of Geneva, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211, Geneva, Switzerland
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232, Villigen, Switzerland
- SUPA School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, KY16 9SS, St Andrews, UK
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25
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Herranz G, Singh G, Bergeal N, Jouan A, Lesueur J, Gázquez J, Varela M, Scigaj M, Dix N, Sánchez F, Fontcuberta J. Engineering two-dimensional superconductivity and Rashba spin-orbit coupling in LaAlO₃/SrTiO₃ quantum wells by selective orbital occupancy. Nat Commun 2015; 6:6028. [PMID: 25583368 PMCID: PMC4308716 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms7028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at oxide interfaces-involving electrons in narrow d-bands-has broken new ground, enabling the access to correlated states that are unreachable in conventional semiconductors based on s- and p- electrons. There is a growing consensus that emerging properties at these novel quantum wells-such as 2D superconductivity and magnetism-are intimately connected to specific orbital symmetries in the 2DEG sub-band structure. Here we show that crystal orientation allows selective orbital occupancy, disclosing unprecedented ways to tailor the 2DEG properties. By carrying out electrostatic gating experiments in LaAlO3/SrTiO3 wells of different crystal orientations, we show that the spatial extension and anisotropy of the 2D superconductivity and the Rashba spin-orbit field can be largely modulated by controlling the 2DEG sub-band filling. Such an orientational tuning expands the possibilities for electronic engineering of 2DEGs at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gervasi Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Gyanendra Singh
- LPEM-UMR8213/CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Nicolas Bergeal
- LPEM-UMR8213/CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Alexis Jouan
- LPEM-UMR8213/CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Lesueur
- LPEM-UMR8213/CNRS-ESPCI ParisTech-UPMC, PSL University, 10 rue Vauquelin, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Jaume Gázquez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - María Varela
- 1] Materials Science &Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA [2] GFMC, Department de Fisica Aplicada III &Instituto Pluridisciplinar, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mateusz Scigaj
- 1] Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain [2] Departament de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Nico Dix
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Florencio Sánchez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Josep Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Catalonia, Spain
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26
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Walker SM, de la Torre A, Bruno FY, Tamai A, Kim TK, Hoesch M, Shi M, Bahramy MS, King PDC, Baumberger F. Control of a two-dimensional electron gas on SrTiO₃(111) by atomic oxygen. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:177601. [PMID: 25379937 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.177601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We report on the formation of a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) at the bare surface of (111) oriented SrTiO3. Angle resolved photoemission experiments reveal highly itinerant carriers with a sixfold symmetric Fermi surface and strongly anisotropic effective masses. The electronic structure of the 2DEG is in good agreement with self-consistent tight-binding supercell calculations that incorporate a confinement potential due to surface band bending. We further demonstrate that alternate exposure of the surface to ultraviolet light and atomic oxygen allows tuning of the carrier density and the complete suppression of the 2DEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- S McKeown Walker
- Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Universitée de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A de la Torre
- Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Universitée de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - F Y Bruno
- Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Universitée de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - A Tamai
- Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Universitée de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland
| | - T K Kim
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - M Hoesch
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, United Kingdom
| | - M Shi
- Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - M S Bahramy
- Quantum-Phase Electronics Center, Department of Applied Physics, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan and RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), Wako 351-0198, Japan
| | - P D C King
- SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
| | - F Baumberger
- Département de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Universitée de Genève, 24 Quai Ernest-Ansermet, 1211 Genève 4, Switzerland and Swiss Light Source, Paul Scherrer Institut, CH-5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland and SUPA, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9SS, United Kingdom
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27
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Pesquera D, Scigaj M, Gargiani P, Barla A, Herrero-Martín J, Pellegrin E, Valvidares SM, Gázquez J, Varela M, Dix N, Fontcuberta J, Sánchez F, Herranz G. Two-dimensional electron gases at LaAlO3/SrTiO3 interfaces: orbital symmetry and hierarchy engineered by crystal orientation. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2014; 113:156802. [PMID: 25375731 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.156802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Recent findings show the emergence of two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) interfaces along different orientations; yet details on band reconstructions have remained so far unknown. Via x-ray linear dichroism spectroscopy, we demonstrate that crystal symmetry imposes distinctive 2DEG orbital hierarchies on (001)-and (110)-oriented quantum wells, allowing selective occupancy of states of different symmetry. Such orientational tuning expands the possibilities for electronic engineering of 2DEGs and opens up enticing opportunities to understand the link between orbital symmetry and complex correlated states at LaAlO(3)/SrTiO(3) quantum wells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pesquera
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Scigaj
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Catalonia, Spain and Departamento de Física, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - P Gargiani
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera BP 1413 km 3.3, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - A Barla
- Istituto di Struttura della Materia, ISM CNR, Area Science Park Basovizza (Ts), Trieste I-34149, Italy
| | - J Herrero-Martín
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera BP 1413 km 3.3, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - E Pellegrin
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera BP 1413 km 3.3, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - S M Valvidares
- ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Carretera BP 1413 km 3.3, E-08290 Cerdanyola del Vallès, Barcelona, Spain
| | - J Gázquez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - M Varela
- Departamento Física Aplicada III, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Madrid, 28040 Spain and Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA
| | - N Dix
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - J Fontcuberta
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - F Sánchez
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Catalonia, Spain
| | - G Herranz
- Institut de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus de la UAB, Bellaterra E-08193, Catalonia, Spain
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28
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Wang Z, Hao X, Gerhold S, Mares P, Wagner M, Bliem R, Schulte K, Schmid M, Franchini C, Diebold U. Stabilizing Single Ni Adatoms on a Two-Dimensional Porous Titania Overlayer at the SrTiO 3(110) Surface. THE JOURNAL OF PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY. C, NANOMATERIALS AND INTERFACES 2014; 118:19904-19909. [PMID: 25177410 PMCID: PMC4148460 DOI: 10.1021/jp506234r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2014] [Revised: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Nickel vapor-deposited on the SrTiO3(110) surface was studied using scanning tunneling microscopy, photoemission spectroscopy (PES), and density functional theory calculations. This surface forms a (4 × 1) reconstruction, composed of a 2-D titania structure with periodic six- and ten-membered nanopores. Anchored at these nanopores, Ni single adatoms are stabilized at room temperature. PES measurements show that the Ni adatoms create an in-gap state located at 1.9 eV below the conduction band minimum and induce an upward band bending. Both experimental and theoretical results suggest that Ni adatoms are positively charged. Our study produces well-dispersed single-adatom arrays on a well-characterized oxide support, providing a model system to investigate single-adatom catalytic and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiming Wang
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Xianfeng Hao
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefan Gerhold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Petr Mares
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
- CEITEC BUT, Technicka 10, 61669 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Margareta Wagner
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Roland Bliem
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Karina Schulte
- MAX IV Laboratory, Lund University, Ole
Römers väg 1, 223 63 Lund, Sweden
| | - Michael Schmid
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
| | - Cesare Franchini
- Faculty of Physics
and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/12, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Diebold
- Institute
of Applied Physics, Vienna University of
Technology, Wiedner Hauptstraße
8-10, 1040 Vienna, Austria
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29
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Franchini C. Hybrid functionals applied to perovskites. JOURNAL OF PHYSICS. CONDENSED MATTER : AN INSTITUTE OF PHYSICS JOURNAL 2014; 26:253202. [PMID: 24871431 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/25/253202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
After being used for years in the chemistry community to describe molecular properties, hybrid functionals have been increasingly and successfully employed for a wide range of solid state problems which are not accurately accessible by standard density functional theory. In particular, the upsurge of interest in transition metal perovskite-based compounds, motivated by their technological relevance and functional ductility, has incentivized the use of hybrid functionals for realistic applications, as hybrid functionals appear to be capable of capturing the complex correlated physics of this class of oxide material, characterized by a subtle coupling between several competing interactions (lattice, orbital, spin). Here we present a map of recent applications of hybrid functionals to perovskites, aiming to cover an ample spectra of cases, including the 'classical' 3d compounds (manganites, titanates, nickelates, ferrites, etc.), less conventional examples from the the 4d (technetiates) and 5d (iridates) series, and the (non-transition metal) sp perovskite BaBiO3. We focus our attention on the technical aspects of the hybrid functional formalism, such as the role of the mixing and (for range-separated hybrids) screening parameters, and on an extended array of physical phenomena: pressure- and doping-induced insulator-to-metal and structural phase transitions, multiferroism, surface and interface effects, charge ordering and localization effects, and spin-orbit coupling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cesare Franchini
- University of Vienna, Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria
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