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Cao C, Guo S, Deng P, Yang S, Xu J, Hu T, Hu Z, Chen D, Zhang H, Navea IP, Chin JH, Zhang W, Jing W. The BEL1-like homeodomain protein OsBLH4 regulates rice plant height, grain number, and heading date by repressing the expression of OsGA2ox1. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024. [PMID: 38824648 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/04/2024]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) play crucial roles in regulating plant architecture and grain yield of crops. In rice, the inactivation of endogenous bioactive GAs and their precursors by GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) regulates stem elongation and reproductive development. However, the regulatory mechanisms of GA2ox gene expression, especially in rice reproductive organs, are unknown. The BEL1-like homeodomain protein OsBLH4, a negative regulatory factor for the rice OsGA2ox1 gene, was identified in this study. Loss of OsBLH4 function results in decreased bioactive GA levels and pleiotropic phenotypes, including reduced plant height, decreased grain number per panicle, and delayed heading date, as also observed in OsGA2ox1-overexpressing plants. Consistent with the mutant phenotype, OsBLH4 was predominantly expressed in shoots and young spikelets; its encoded protein was exclusively localized in the nucleus. Molecular analysis demonstrated that OsBLH4 directly bound to the promoter region of OsGA2ox1 to repress its expression. Genetic assays revealed that OsBLH4 acts upstream of OsGA2ox1 to control rice plant height, grain number, and heading date. Taken together, these results indicate a crucial role for OsBLH4 in regulating rice plant architecture and yield potential via regulation of bioactive GA levels, and provide a potential strategy for genetic improvements of rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengjuan Cao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuaiqiang Guo
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ping Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Xianghu Laboratory, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shiyi Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jing Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Tengfei Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhijuan Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Di Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Hongsheng Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ian Paul Navea
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joong Hyoun Chin
- Department of Integrative Biological Sciences and Industry, Sejong University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wenhua Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wen Jing
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement and Utilization, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Shani E, Hedden P, Sun TP. Highlights in gibberellin research: A tale of the dwarf and the slender. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 195:111-134. [PMID: 38290048 PMCID: PMC11060689 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiae044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 10/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/01/2024]
Abstract
It has been almost a century since biologically active gibberellin (GA) was isolated. Here, we give a historical overview of the early efforts in establishing the GA biosynthesis and catabolism pathway, characterizing the enzymes for GA metabolism, and elucidating their corresponding genes. We then highlight more recent studies that have identified the GA receptors and early GA signaling components (DELLA repressors and F-box activators), determined the molecular mechanism of DELLA-mediated transcription reprograming, and revealed how DELLAs integrate multiple signaling pathways to regulate plant vegetative and reproductive development in response to internal and external cues. Finally, we discuss the GA transporters and their roles in GA-mediated plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eilon Shani
- School of Plant Sciences and Food Security, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - Peter Hedden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Institute of Experimental Botany and Palacky University, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Sustainable Soils and Crops, Rothamsted Research, Harpenden AL5 2JQ, UK
| | - Tai-ping Sun
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA
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3
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Lin Y, Liang M, Pang H, Wang Z, Bi H, Wei Y, Du L. Production of Gibberellins via a Non-Natural Pathway Using Steviol as a Substrate. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:540-548. [PMID: 38131295 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones widely used in agriculture. At present, GAs are produced by fermentation of the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi. However, fungal growth is too slow, resulting in slow fungal fermentation and a low yield. Here, to develop an alternative production source of GAs, an artificial pathway was engineered in Escherichia coli. By selecting and combining enzymes derived from plants and bacteria, a novel 4-enzyme pathway was successfully constructed to produce GAs using steviol, a readily available and less valuable byproduct during enzymatic refining of rebaudioside A, as a feedstock. Whole-cell biotransformation with E. coli strain expressing the novel pathway produced 71.17 ± 2.00 mg/L GA1 and a trace amount of GA3 from steviol in 48 h. This report presents a significant advancement in the fast production of GAs and establishes a method for the metabolism of terpenoids to produce target products in microbial hosts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Lin
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Meng Liang
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Hao Pang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Daling Road No. 98, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Zilong Wang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Bio-refinery, National Engineering Research Center for Non-Food Biorefinery, National Key Laboratory of Non-Food Biomass Energy Technology, Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Daling Road No. 98, Nanning, Guangxi 530007, China
| | - Hai Bi
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Yutuo Wei
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
| | - Liqin Du
- Guangxi Research Center for Microbial and Enzymatic Technology, College of Life Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Daxue Road No. 100, Nanning, Guangxi 530004, China
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4
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Duan A, Liu R, Liu C, Wu F, Su H, Zhou S, Huang M, Tian X, Jia H, Liu Y, Li M, Du H. Mutation of the gene encoding the PHD-type transcription factor SAB23 confers submergence tolerance in rice. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:168-179. [PMID: 37798132 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Submergence is a major constraint on rice production in South and Southeast Asia. In this study, we determined that a gene of the Sub1A-binding protein family, SAB23, encodes a plant homeodomain (PHD)-type transcription factor that has a novel function of negatively regulating submergence tolerance in rice. The T-DNA insertion mutant sab23 displayed reduced plant height, delayed seed maturation, and lower percentage seed set. Importantly, this mutant also exhibited enhanced submergence tolerance. In addition, CRISPR/Cas9 knock out of SAB23 resulted in a significant reduction in the content of the gibberellin GA4 and a dramatic increase in the content of GA1 in the plants. SAB23 binds to the promoter of CYTOCHROME P450 714B2 (CYP714B2), which encodes a GA13-oxidase that catalyses the conversion of GA53 to GA19. Disruption of SAB23 function led to increased CYP714B2 transcription, and overexpression of CYP714B2 produced phenotypes similar to those of the SAB23-knockout plants. Taken together, our results reveal that SAB23 negatively regulates rice submergence tolerance by modulating CYP714B2 expression, which has significant potential for use in future breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ao Duan
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Rui Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Changchang Liu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Fei Wu
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Hang Su
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Shuangzhen Zhou
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Min Huang
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohai Tian
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops, Yangzte University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R. China
| | - Haitao Jia
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Food Crop Germplasm and Genetic Improvement, Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430064, P.R. China
| | - Ya Liu
- Maize Research Institute, Beijing Academy of Agriculture & Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, P.R. China
| | - Manfei Li
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
| | - Hewei Du
- College of Life Science, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434025, P.R. China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain Crops, Yangzte University, Jingzhou 434025, P.R. China
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5
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Deng L, Li C, Gao Q, Yang W, Jiang J, Xing J, Xiang H, Zhao J, Yang Y, Leng P. Loss function of NtGA3ox1 delays flowering through impairing gibberellins metabolite synthesis in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1340039. [PMID: 38162297 PMCID: PMC10754988 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1340039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Flowering time, plays a crucial role in tobacco ecological adaptation besides its substantial influence on tobacco production and leaf quality. Meanwhile, it is sensitive to biotic or abiotic challenges. The plant hormones Gibberellins (GAs), controlling a number of metabolic processes, govern plants growth and development. In this study, we created a late flowering mutant HG14 through knocking out NtGA3ox1 by CRISPR/Cas9. It took around 13.0 and 12.1 days longer to budding and flowering compared to wild type Honghuadajinyuan. Nearly all of the evaluated agronomic characters deteriorated in HG14, showing slower growth and noticeably shorter and narrower leaves. We found that NtGA3ox was more prevalent in flowers through quantitative reverse transcription PCR analysis. Transcriptome profiling detected 4449, 2147, and 4567 differently expressed genes at the budding, flowering, and mature stages, respectively. The KEGG pathway enrichment analysis identified the plant-pathogen interaction, plant hormone signal transduction pathway, and MAPK signaling pathway are the major clusters controlled by NtGA3ox1 throughout the budding and flowering stages. Together with the abovementioned signaling pathway, biosynthesis of monobactam, metabolism of carbon, pentose, starch, and sucrose were enriched at the mature stage. Interestingly, 108 up- and 73 down- regulated DEGs, impairing sugar metabolism, diterpenoid biosynthesis, linoleic and alpha-linolenic acid metabolism pathway, were continuously detected accompanied with the development of HG14. This was further evidenced by the decreasing content of GA metabolites such as GA4 and GA7, routine chemicals, alkaloids, amino acids, and organic acids Therefore, we discovered a novel tobacco flowering time gene NtGA3ox1 and resolved its regulatory network, which will be beneficial to the improvement of tobacco varieties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lele Deng
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Chaofan Li
- Crop Functional Genome Research Center, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Gao
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Wenwu Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiarui Jiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jiaxin Xing
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Haiying Xiang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Crop Functional Genome Research Center, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yekun Yang
- Yunnan Key Laboratory of Tobacco Chemistry, R&D Center of China Tobacco Yunnan Industrial Co. Ltd., Kunming, Yunnan, China
| | - Pengfei Leng
- Crop Functional Genome Research Center, Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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6
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Wu H, He Q, He B, He S, Zeng L, Yang L, Zhang H, Wei Z, Hu X, Hu J, Zhang Y, Shang L, Wang S, Cui P, Xiong G, Qian Q, Wang Q. Gibberellin signaling regulates lignin biosynthesis to modulate rice seed shattering. THE PLANT CELL 2023; 35:4383-4404. [PMID: 37738159 PMCID: PMC10689197 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koad244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The elimination of seed shattering was a key step in rice (Oryza sativa) domestication. In this paper, we show that increasing the gibberellic acid (GA) content or response in the abscission region enhanced seed shattering in rice. We demonstrate that SLENDER RICE1 (SLR1), the key repressor of GA signaling, could physically interact with the rice seed shattering-related transcription factors quantitative trait locus of seed shattering on chromosome 1 (qSH1), O. sativa HOMEOBOX 15 (OSH15), and SUPERNUMERARY BRACT (SNB). Importantly, these physical interactions interfered with the direct binding of these three regulators to the lignin biosynthesis gene 4-COUMARATE: COENZYME A LIGASE 3 (4CL3), thereby derepressing its expression. Derepression of 4CL3 led to increased lignin deposition in the abscission region, causing reduced rice seed shattering. Importantly, we also show that modulating GA content could alter the degree of seed shattering to increase harvest efficiency. Our results reveal that the "Green Revolution" phytohormone GA is important for regulating rice seed shattering, and we provide an applicable breeding strategy for high-efficiency rice harvesting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Wu
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Qi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Bing He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Shuyi He
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, China
- Shenzhen Research Institute of Henan University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | | | - Longbo Yang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Zhaoran Wei
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Xingming Hu
- College of Agronomy, Anhui Agricultural University, Heifei 230026, China
| | - Jiang Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Center of Informational Biology, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Lianguang Shang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Suikang Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Peng Cui
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Guosheng Xiong
- Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Plant Phenomics Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Qian Qian
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou 311401, China
| | - Quan Wang
- Shenzhen Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
- College of Agricultural Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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7
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Qiao L, Wu Q, Yuan L, Huang X, Yang Y, Li Q, Shahzad N, Li H, Li W. SMALL PLANT AND ORGAN 1 ( SPO1) Encoding a Cellulose Synthase-like Protein D4 (OsCSLD4) Is an Important Regulator for Plant Architecture and Organ Size in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:16974. [PMID: 38069299 PMCID: PMC10707047 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242316974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Revised: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant architecture and organ size are considered as important traits in crop breeding and germplasm improvement. Although several factors affecting plant architecture and organ size have been identified in rice, the genetic and regulatory mechanisms remain to be elucidated. Here, we identified and characterized the small plant and organ 1 (spo1) mutant in rice (Oryza sativa), which exhibits narrow and rolled leaf, reductions in plant height, root length, and grain width, and other morphological defects. Map-based cloning revealed that SPO1 is allelic with OsCSLD4, a gene encoding the cellulose synthase-like protein D4, and is highly expressed in the roots at the seedling and tillering stages. Microscopic observation revealed the spo1 mutant had reduced number and width in leaf veins, smaller size of leaf bulliform cells, reduced cell length and cell area in the culm, and decreased width of epidermal cells in the outer glume of the grain. These results indicate the role of SPO1 in modulating cell division and cell expansion, which modulates plant architecture and organ size. It is showed that the contents of endogenous hormones including auxin, abscisic acid, gibberellin, and zeatin tested in the spo1 mutant were significantly altered, compared to the wild type. Furthermore, the transcriptome analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) are significantly enriched in the pathways associated with plant hormone signal transduction, cell cycle progression, and cell wall formation. These results indicated that the loss of SPO1/OsCSLD4 function disrupted cell wall cellulose synthase and hormones homeostasis and signaling, thus leading to smaller plant and organ size in spo1. Taken together, we suggest the functional role of SPO1/OsCSLD4 in the control of rice plant and organ size by modulating cell division and expansion, likely through the effects of multiple hormonal pathways on cell wall formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Qilong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Liuzhen Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Xudong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Yutao Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Qinying Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Nida Shahzad
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
| | - Haifeng Li
- College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Wenqiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China (X.H.); (Y.Y.); (Q.L.); (N.S.)
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8
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Zhou M, Li Y, Cheng Z, Zheng X, Cai C, Wang H, Lu K, Zhu C, Ding Y. Important Factors Controlling Gibberellin Homeostasis in Plant Height Regulation. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:15895-15907. [PMID: 37862148 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c03560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic trait that is closely associated with crop yield and quality. Gibberellins (GAs), a class of highly efficient plant growth regulators, play key roles in regulating plant height. Increasing reports indicate that transcriptional regulation is a major point of regulation of the GA pathways. Although substantial knowledge has been gained regarding GA biosynthetic and signaling pathways, important factors contributing to the regulatory mechanisms homeostatically controlling GA levels remain to be elucidated. Here, we provide an overview of current knowledge regarding the regulatory network involving transcription factors, noncoding RNAs, and histone modifications involved in GA pathways. We also discuss the mechanisms of interaction between GAs and other hormones in plant height development. Finally, future directions for applying knowledge of the GA hormone in crop breeding are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yakun Li
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Zhuowei Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Xinyu Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Chong Cai
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Huizhen Wang
- Huangshan Institute of Product Quality Inspection, Huangshan 242700, China
| | - Kaixing Lu
- Ningbo Key Laboratory of Agricultural Germplasm Resources Mining and Environmental Regulation, College of Science and Technology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315000, China
| | - Cheng Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
| | - Yanfei Ding
- Key Laboratory of Specialty Agri-Product Quality and Hazard Controlling Technology of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou 310018, China
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9
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Hsieh KT, Wu CC, Lee SJ, Chen YH, Shiue SY, Liao YC, Liu SH, Wang IW, Tseng CS, Li WH, Wang CS, Chen LJ. Rice GA3ox1 modulates pollen starch granule accumulation and pollen wall development. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0292400. [PMID: 37812600 PMCID: PMC10561864 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0292400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice GA biosynthetic gene OsGA3ox1 has been proposed to regulate pollen development through the gametophytic manner, but cellular characterization of its mutant pollen is lacking. In this study, three heterozygotic biallelic variants, "-3/-19", "-3/-2" and "-3/-10", each containing one null and one 3bp-deletion allele, were obtained by the CRISPR/Cas9 technique for the functional study of OsGA3ox1. The three homozygotes, "-19/-19", "-2/-2" and "-10/-10", derived from heterozygotic variants, did not affect the development of most vegetative and floral organs but showed a significant reduction in seed-setting rate and in pollen viability. Anatomic characterizations of these mutated osga3ox1 pollens revealed defects in starch granule accumulation and pollen wall development. Additional molecular characterization suggests that abnormal pollen development in the osga3ox1 mutants might be linked to the regulation of transcription factors OsGAMYB, OsTDR and OsbHLH142 during late pollen development. In brief, the rice GA3ox1 is a crucial gene that modulates pollen starch granule accumulation and pollen wall development at the gametophytic phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chi-Chih Wu
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Jie Lee
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Heng Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Yu Shiue
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chun Liao
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hui Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - I.-Wen Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Tseng
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wen-Hsiung Li
- Biodiversity Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States of America
| | - Chang-Sheng Wang
- Department of Agronomy, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jwu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Innovation Center for Agricultural Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
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10
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Sun J, Huang S, Lu Q, Li S, Zhao S, Zheng X, Zhou Q, Zhang W, Li J, Wang L, Zhang K, Zheng W, Feng X, Liu B, Kong F, Xiang F. UV-B irradiation-activated E3 ligase GmILPA1 modulates gibberellin catabolism to increase plant height in soybean. Nat Commun 2023; 14:6262. [PMID: 37805547 PMCID: PMC10560287 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41824-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height is a key agronomic trait that affects yield and is controlled by both phytohormone gibberellin (GA) and ultraviolet-B (UV-B) irradiation. However, whether and how plant height is modulated by UV-B-mediated changes in GA metabolism are not well understood. It has not been reported that the E3 ubiquitin ligase Anaphase Promoting Complex/Cyclosome (APC/C) is involved in the regulation of plant growth in response to environmental factors. We perform a forward genetic screen in soybean and find that a mutation in Glycine max Increased Leaf Petiole Angle1 (GmILPA1), encoding a subunit of the APC/C, lead to dwarfism under UV-B irradiation. UV-B promotes the accumulation of GmILPA1, which ubiquitinate the GA catabolic enzyme GA2 OXIDASE-like (GmGA2ox-like), resulting in its degradation in a UV-B-dependent manner. Another E3 ligase, GmUBL1, also ubiquitinate GmGA2ox-like and enhance the GmILPA1-mediated degradation of GmGA2ox-like, which suggest that GmILPA1-GmGA2ox-like module counteract the UV-B-mediated reduction of bioactive GAs. We also determine that GmILPA1 is a target of selection during soybean domestication and breeding. The deletion (Indel-665) in the promoter might facilitate the adaptation of soybean to high UV-B irradiation. This study indicates that an evolutionary GmILPA1 variant has the capability to develop ideal plant architecture with soybean cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaqi Sun
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shiyu Huang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qing Lu
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shuo Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Shizhen Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xiaojian Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Qian Zhou
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Jie Li
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Lili Wang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Wenyu Zheng
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China
| | - Xianzhong Feng
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, 130000, China.
| | - Baohui Liu
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Plant Adaptation and Molecular Design, Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Editing, Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Fengning Xiang
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaptation Biology, Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China.
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11
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Liu Y, Liu Y, He Y, Yan Y, Yu X, Ali M, Pan C, Lu G. Cytokinin-inducible response regulator SlRR6 controls plant height through gibberellin and auxin pathways in tomato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2023; 74:4471-4488. [PMID: 37115725 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erad159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is a key agronomic trait regulated by several phytohormones such as gibberellins (GAs) and auxin. However, little is known about how cytokinin (CK) participates in this process. Here, we report that SlRR6, a type-A response regulator in the CK signaling pathway, positively regulates plant height in tomato. SlRR6 was induced by exogenous kinetin and GA3, but inhibited by indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Knock out of SlRR6 reduced tomato plant height through shortening internode length, while overexpression of SlRR6 caused taller plants due to increased internode number. Cytological observation of longitudinal stems showed that both knock out and overexpression of SlRR6 generated larger cells, but significantly reduced cell numbers in each internode. Further studies demonstrated that overexpression of SlRR6 enhanced GA accumulation and lowered IAA content, along with expression changes in GA- and IAA-related genes. Exogenous paclobutrazol and IAA treatments restored the increased plant height phenotype in SlRR6-overexpressing lines. Yeast two-hybrid, bimolecular fluorescence complementation, and co-immunoprecipitation assays showed that SlRR6 interacts with a small auxin up RNA protein, SlSAUR58. Moreover, SlSAUR58-overexpressing plants were dwarf with decreased internode length. Overall, our findings establish SlRR6 as a vital component in the CK signaling, GA, and IAA regulatory network that controls plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yichen Liu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Yanjun He
- Institute of Vegetable Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Yanqiu Yan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xiaolin Yu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Muhammad Ali
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Changtian Pan
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Gang Lu
- Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Growth, Development and Quality Improvement, Ministry of Agricultural, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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12
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Peng S, Liu Y, Xu Y, Zhao J, Gao P, Liu Q, Yan S, Xiao Y, Zuo SM, Kang H. Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies a Plant-Height-Associated Gene OsPG3 in a Population of Commercial Rice Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11454. [PMID: 37511211 PMCID: PMC10380248 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height is one of the most crucial components of plant structure. However, due to its complexity, the genetic architecture of rice plant height has not been fully elucidated. In this study, we performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) to determine rice plant height using 178 commercial rice varieties and identified 37 loci associated with rice plant height (LAPH). Among these loci, in LAPH2, we identified a polygalacturonase gene, OsPG3, which was genetically and functionally associated with rice plant height. The rice plant exhibits a super dwarf phenotype when the knockout of the OsPG3 gene occurs via CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that OsPG3 modulates the expression of genes involved in phytohormone metabolism and cell-wall-biosynthesis pathways. Our findings suggest that OsPG3 plays a vital role in controlling rice plant height by regulating cell wall biosynthesis. Given that rice architecture is one of the most critical phenotypes in rice breeding, OsPG3 has potential in rice's molecular design breeding toward an ideal plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shasha Peng
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yanchen Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yuchen Xu
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jianhua Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qi Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shuangyong Yan
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Breeding, Tianjin Crop Research Institute, Tianjin Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Yinghui Xiao
- College of Agronomy, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128, China
| | - Shi-Min Zuo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding/Zhongshan Biological Breeding Laboratory/Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education, Agricultural College of Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Houxiang Kang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193, China
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13
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Zhou Y, Zhao C, Du T, Li A, Qin Z, Zhang L, Dong S, Wang Q, Hou F. Overexpression of 9- cis-Epoxycarotenoid Dioxygenase Gene, IbNCED1, Negatively Regulates Plant Height in Transgenic Sweet Potato. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10421. [PMID: 37445599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Revised: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height is one of the key agronomic traits for improving the yield of sweet potato. Phytohormones, especially gibberellins (GAs), are crucial to regulate plant height. The enzyme 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase (NCED) is the key enzyme for abscisic acid (ABA) biosynthesis signalling in higher plants. However, its role in regulating plant height has not been reported to date. Here, we cloned a new NCED gene, IbNCED1, from the sweet potato cultivar Jishu26. This gene encoded the 587-amino acid polypeptide containing an NCED superfamily domain. The expression level of IbNCED1 was highest in the stem and the old tissues in the in vitro-grown and field-grown Jishu26, respectively. The expression of IbNCED1 was induced by ABA and GA3. Overexpression of IbNCED1 promoted the accumulation of ABA and inhibited the content of active GA3 and plant height and affected the expression levels of genes involved in the GA metabolic pathway. Exogenous application of GA3 could rescue the dwarf phenotype. In conclusion, we suggest that IbNCED1 regulates plant height and development by controlling the ABA and GA signalling pathways in transgenic sweet potato.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Zhou
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Chunling Zhao
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Taifeng Du
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Aixian Li
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Zhen Qin
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Liming Zhang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Shunxu Dong
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Qingmei Wang
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
| | - Fuyun Hou
- Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, China
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14
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Basu U, Parida SK. Restructuring plant types for developing tailor-made crops. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2023; 21:1106-1122. [PMID: 34260135 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Plants have adapted to different environmental niches by fine-tuning the developmental factors working together to regulate traits. Variations in the developmental factors result in a wide range of quantitative variations in these traits that helped plants survive better. The major developmental pathways affecting plant architecture are also under the control of such pathways. Most notable are the CLAVATA-WUSCHEL pathway regulating shoot apical meristem fate, GID1-DELLA module influencing plant height and tillering, LAZY1-TAC1 module controlling branch/tiller angle and the TFL1-FT determining the floral fate in plants. Allelic variants of these key regulators selected during domestication shaped the crops the way we know them today. There is immense yield potential in the 'ideal plant architecture' of a crop. With the available genome-editing techniques, possibilities are not restricted to naturally occurring variations. Using a transient reprogramming system, one can screen the effect of several developmental gene expressions in novel ecosystems to identify the best targets. We can use the plant's fine-tuning mechanism for customizing crops to specific environments. The process of crop domestication can be accelerated with a proper understanding of these developmental pathways. It is time to step forward towards the next-generation molecular breeding for restructuring plant types in crops ensuring yield stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Udita Basu
- Genomics-Assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
| | - Swarup K Parida
- Genomics-Assisted Breeding and Crop Improvement Laboratory, National Institute of Plant Genome Research (NIPGR), New Delhi, India
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15
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Gong XR, Zhang SN, Ye LN, Luo JJ, Zhang C. Cross talk between Cu excess and Fe deficiency in the roots of rice. Gene 2023; 874:147491. [PMID: 37207827 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2023.147491] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2023] [Revised: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and iron (Fe) share similar characteristics and participate as coenzymes in several physiological processes. Both Cu excess and Fe deficiency result in chlorosis, however, the crosstalk between the two is not clear in rice. In this study, we performed transcriptome analysis for Cu excess and Fe deficiency in rice. Some WRKY family members (such as WRKY26) and some bHLH family members (such as late flowering) were selected as novel potential transcription factors involved in the regulation of Cu detoxification and Fe utilization, respectively. These genes were induced under corresponding stress conditions. Many Fe uptake-related genes were induced by Cu excess, while Cu detoxification-related genes were not induced by Fe deficiency. Meanwhile, some genes, such as metallothionein 3a, gibberellin 3beta-dioxygenase 2 and WRKY11, were induced by Cu excess but repressed by Fe deficiency. Concisely, our results highlight the crosstalk between Cu excess and Fe deficiency in rice. Cu excess caused Fe deficiency response, while Fe deficiency did not lead to Cu toxicity response. Metallothionein 3a might be responsible for Cu toxicity-induced chlorosis in rice. The crosstalk between Cu excess and Fe deficiency might be regulated by gibberellic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Ran Gong
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Shi-Nan Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Li-Na Ye
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Jia-Jun Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China
| | - Chang Zhang
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province 110866, China.
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16
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Luo J, Tang Y, Chu Z, Peng Y, Chen J, Yu H, Shi C, Jafar J, Chen R, Tang Y, Lu Y, Ye Z, Li Y, Ouyang B. SlZF3 regulates tomato plant height by directly repressing SlGA20ox4 in the gibberellic acid biosynthesis pathway. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2023; 10:uhad025. [PMID: 37090098 PMCID: PMC10116951 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhad025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important target trait for crop genetic improvement. Our previous work has identified a salt-tolerant C2H2 zinc finger, SlZF3, and its overexpression lines also showed a semi-dwarf phenotype, but the molecular mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we characterized the dwarf phenotype in detail. The dwarfism is caused by a decrease in stem internode cell elongation and deficiency of bioactive gibberellic acids (GAs), and can be rescued by exogenous GA3 treatment. Gene expression assays detected reduced expression of genes in the GA biosynthesis pathway of the overexpression lines, including SlGA20ox4. Several protein-DNA interaction methods confirmed that SlZF3 can directly bind to the SlGA20ox4 promoter and inhibit its expression, and the interaction can also occur for SlKS and SlKO. Overexpression of SlGA20ox4 in the SlZF3-overexpressing line can recover the dwarf phenotype. Therefore, SlZF3 regulates plant height by directly repressing genes in the tomato GA biosynthesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinying Luo
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunfei Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhuannan Chu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuxin Peng
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiawei Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huiyang Yu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunmei Shi
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jahanzeb Jafar
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Rong Chen
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yaping Tang
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yongen Lu
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Zhibiao Ye
- National Key Laboratory for Germplasm Innovation & Utilization of Horticultural Crops, College of Horticulture and Forestry Sciences, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ying Li
- Corresponding authors. E-mail: ;
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17
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Li B, Li Y, Qiu M, Dong H, Li X, Liu X, He C, Li L. OsSRK1, a lectin receptor-like kinase, controls plant height by mediating internode elongation in Oryza sativa L. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2022; 42:74. [PMID: 37313323 PMCID: PMC10248599 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-022-01340-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
LecRLKs (lectin receptor-like kinases) is a subfamily of RLKs (receptor like kinase) and takes part in mounds of biological processes in plant-environment interaction. However, the roles of LecRLKs in plant development are still elusive. Here, we showed that OsSRK1, belonging to LecRLK family in rice, had a relative higher expression in internode and stem in comparison with that in root and leaf. Importantly, srk1-1 and srk1-2, two genome-edited mutants of OsSRK1 using CRISPR/Cas9 system, exhibited obviously a decreased plant height and shorter length of the first internode and second internode compared with those in WT. Subsequently, histochemical sectioning showed that the stem diameter and the cell length in stem are significantly reduced in srk1-1 and srk1-2 compared with WT. Moreover, analyzing the expression of four gibberellin biosynthesis related genes showed that CPS, KAO, KS1, and GA3ox2 expression had similar levels between WT and mutants. Importantly, we further verified that OsSRK1 can directly interact with gibberellin receptor GID1. Together, our results revealed that LecRLKs family member OsSRK1 positively regulated plant height by controlling internode elongation which maybe depended on OsSRK1-GID1 interaction mediated gibberellin signaling transduction. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-022-01340-6.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixing Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Mudan Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hao Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiushan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xuanming Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 People’s Republic of China
| | - Chongsheng He
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Biology, and Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics and Developmental Regulation, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082 People’s Republic of China
| | - Li Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Hunan Hybrid Rice Research Center, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, People’s Republic of China
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Ma Z, Jin YM, Wu T, Hu L, Zhang Y, Jiang W, Du X. OsDREB2B, an AP2/ERF transcription factor, negatively regulates plant height by conferring GA metabolism in rice. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1007811. [PMID: 36388558 PMCID: PMC9650310 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1007811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The AP2/ERF family is a large group of plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in many biological processes, such as growth, development, and abiotic stress responses. OsDREB2B, a dehydration responsive factor (DRE/CRT) in the DREB subgroup of the AP2/ERF family, is associated with abiotic stress responses, such as cold, drought, salt, and heat stress, in Arabidopsis or rice. However, its role in regulating plant growth and development in rice is unclear. In this study, we reported a new function of OsDREB2B, which negatively regulates plant height in rice. Compared with wild type (WT), OsDREB2B-overexpressing (OE) rice exhibited dwarf phenotypes, such as reduction in plant height, internode length, and seed length, as well as grain yield, while the knockout mutants developed by CRISPR/Cas9 technology exhibited similar phenotypes. Spatial expression analysis revealed that OsDREB2B was highly expressed in the leaf sheaths. Under exogenous GA3 application, OsDREB2B expression was induced, and the length of the second leaf sheath of the OsDREB2B-OE lines recovered to that of the WT. OsDREB2B localized to the nucleus of the rice protoplast acted as a transcription activator and upregulated OsAP2-39 by directly binding to its promoter. OsDREB2B-OE lines reduced endogenous bioactive GA levels by downregulating seven GA biosynthesis genes and upregulating eight GA deactivation genes but not GA signaling genes. The yeast two-hybrid assay and bimolecular fluorescence complementation assay showed that OsDREB2B interacted with OsWRKY21. In summary, our study suggests that OsDREB2B plays a negative role in rice growth and development by regulating GA metabolic gene expression, which is mediated by OsAP2-39 and OsWRKY21, thereby reducing GA content and rice plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziming Ma
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Yong-Mei Jin
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Lanjuan Hu
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Institute of Agricultural Biotechnology, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, China
| | - Wenzhu Jiang
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xinglin Du
- Jilin Provincial Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun, China
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Zhang M, Ma Y, Zheng X, Tan B, Ye X, Wang W, Zhang L, Li J, Li Z, Cheng J, Feng J. The distribution of bioactive gibberellins along peach annual shoots is closely associated with PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression profiles. BMC Genomics 2022; 23:730. [PMID: 36307759 PMCID: PMC9615383 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 10/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The rapid growth of annual shoots is detrimental to peach production. While gibberellin (GA) promotes the rapid growth of peach shoots, there is limited information on the identity and expression profiles of GA-metabolism genes for this species. Results All six GA biosynthetic gene families were identified in the peach genome, and the expression profiles of these family members were determined in peach shoots. The upstream biosynthetic gene families have only one or two members (1 CPS, 2 KSs, and 1 KO), while the downstream gene families have multiple members (7 KAOs, 6 GA20oxs, and 5 GA3oxs). Between the two KS genes, PpKS1 showed a relatively high transcript level in shoots, while PpKS2 was undetectable. Among the seven KAO genes, PpKAO2 was highly expressed in shoots, while PpKAO1 and − 6 were weakly expressed. For the six GA20ox genes, both PpGA20ox1 and − 2 were expressed in shoots, but PpGA20ox1 levels were higher than PpGA20ox2. For the five GA3ox genes, only PpGA3ox1 was highly expressed in shoots. Among these biosynthesis genes, PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 showed a gradual decrease in transcript level along shoots from top to bottom, and a similar trend was observed in bioactive GA1 and GA4 distribution. Among the GA-deactivation genes, PpGA2ox6 was highly expressed in peach shoots. PpGA2ox1 and − 5 transcripts were relatively lower and showed a similar pattern to PpGA20ox1 and PpGA3ox1 in peach shoots. Overexpression of PpGA20ox1, − 2, or PpGA2ox6 in Arabidopsis or tobacco promoted or depressed the plant growth, respectively, while PpGA3ox1 did not affect plant height. Transient expression of PpGA20ox1 in peach leaves significantly increased bioactive GA1 content. Conclusions Our results suggest that PpGA20ox and PpGA2ox expression are closely associated with the distribution of active GA1 and GA4 in peach annual shoots. Our research lays a foundation for future studies into ways to effectively repress the rapid growth of peach shoot. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12864-022-08943-5.
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Wang S, Wang Y. Harnessing hormone gibberellin knowledge for plant height regulation. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:1945-1953. [PMID: 35857075 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-022-02904-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Harnessing hormone GA knowledge is a potential means to develop plant height ideotypes. Plant height holds significance for natural beauty and agricultural revolution. The increased grain productivity during the Green Revolution of the 1960s is partly attributed to the reshaping of plant stature, which is conferred by changes in phytohormone gibberellin (GA) metabolism or signaling. GA fine-tunes multiple aspects of biological events and plays a pivotal role in plant height determinant. Harnessing hormone GA knowledge is a potential means to develop ideal plant height to meet the future demand. Here, we present an overview of characterized GA pathway genes for plant height regulation. Novel alleles of Green Revolution genes sd1 and Rht are specially delineated. Through interactome analysis, we uncover GA20ox and GA3ox family members as central hub modulators of GA pathway. Empowered by GA knowledge, we suggest ways towards design breeding of plant height ideotypes through harnessing the alterations of GA cascade. We highlight the utility of genome editing to generate weak alleles to circumvent side effects of GA pathway perturbation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Yijun Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Physiology/ Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of Education/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Molecular Breeding, College of Agriculture, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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21
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Ping X, Ye Q, Yan M, Zeng J, Yan X, Li H, Li J, Liu L. Integrated genetic mapping and transcriptome analysis reveal the BnaA03.IAA7 protein regulates plant architecture and gibberellin signaling in Brassica napus L. TAG. THEORETICAL AND APPLIED GENETICS. THEORETISCHE UND ANGEWANDTE GENETIK 2022; 135:3497-3510. [PMID: 35962210 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-022-04196-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
A novel mutation in the BnaA03.IAA7 protein reduces plant height and enhances gibberellin signaling in Brassica napus L. Rapeseed (Brassica napus) is an excellent and important source for vegetable oil production, but its production is severely affected by lodging. Lodging hinders mechanization and decreases yield, and an ideal solution is semidwarf breeding. Limited by germplasm resources, semidwarf breeding developed slowly in rapeseed. In the current study, a mutant called sdA03 was isolated from EMS-mutagenized lines of Zhongshuang 11 (ZS11). The inheritance analysis showed that phenotypes of sdA03 were controlled by a single semidominant gene. Genetic mapping, RNA-seq and candidate gene analysis identified BnaA03.IAA7 as a candidate gene, and a function test confirmed that the mutated BnaA03.iaa7 regulates plant architecture in a dose-dependent manner. Yeast two-hybrid and transient expression experiments illustrated the P87L substitution in the GWPPV/I degron motif of BnaA03.iaa7 impaired the interaction between BnaA03.IAA7 and TIR1 proteins, and BnaA03.iaa7 prevented ARF from activating the auxin signaling pathway.The gibberellin (GA) content was higher in sdA03 hypocotyls than in those of ZS11. Further expression analysis showed more active gibberellin signaling in hypocotyl and richer expression of GA synthetic genes in root and cotyledon of sdA03 seedlings. Finally, a marker was developed based on the SNP found in BnaA03.iaa7 and used in molecular breeding. The study enriched our understanding of the architectural regulation of rapeseed and provided germplasm resources for breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoke Ping
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Qianjun Ye
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Mei Yan
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Jianyan Zeng
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Xingying Yan
- Biotechnology Research Center, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Haitao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Jiana Li
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Liezhao Liu
- College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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22
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Bai Y, Zhang X, Xuan X, Sadeghnezhad E, Liu F, Dong T, Pei D, Fang J, Wang C. miR3633a- GA3ox2 Module Conducts Grape Seed-Embryo Abortion in Response to Gibberellin. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158767. [PMID: 35955901 PMCID: PMC9369392 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Seedlessness is one of the important quality and economic traits favored by grapevine consumers, which are mainly affected by phytohormones, especially gibberellin (GA). GA is widely utilized in seedless berry production and could effectively induce grape seed embryo abortion. However, the molecular mechanism underlying this process, like the role of RNA silencing in the biosynthesis pathway of GA remains elusive. Here, Gibberellin 3-β dioxygenase2 (GA3ox2) as the last key enzyme in GA biosynthesis was predicated as a potential target gene for miR3633a, and two of them were identified as a GA response in grape berries. We also analyzed the promoter regions of genes encoding GA biosynthesis and found the hormone-responsive elements to regulate grape growth and development. The cleavage interaction between VvmiR3633a and VvGA3ox2 was validated by RLM-RACE and the transient co-transformation technique in tobacco in vivo. Interestingly, during GA-induced grape seed embryo abortion, exogenous GA promoted the expression of VvmiR3633a, thereby mainly repressing the level of VvGA3ox2 in seed embryos. We also observed a negative correlation between down-regulated VvGA20ox2/VvGA3ox2 and up-regulated VvGA2ox3/VvGA2ox1, of which GA inactivation was greater than GA synthesis, inhibited active GA content, accompanied by the reduction of VvSOD and VvCAT expression levels and enzymatic activities. These series of changes might be the main causes of grape seed embryo abortion. In conclusion, we have preliminarily drawn a schematic mode of GA-mediated VvmiR3633a and related genes regulatory network during grape seed abortion induced by exogenous GA. Our findings provide novel insights into the GA-responsive roles of the VvmiR3633a-VvGA3ox2 module in the modulation of grape seed-embryo abortion, which has implications for the molecular breeding of high-quality seedless grape berries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhe Bai
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Xuxian Xuan
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ehsan Sadeghnezhad
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Department of Plant Biology, Faculty of Biological Science, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran P.O. Box 14115-111, Iran
| | - Fei Liu
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Tianyu Dong
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Dan Pei
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Jinggui Fang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Chen Wang
- College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
- Correspondence:
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23
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Ćalić I, Groen SC, Choi JY, Joly‐Lopez Z, Hamann E, Natividad MA, Dorph K, Cabral CLU, Torres RO, Vergara GV, Henry A, Purugganan MD, Franks SJ. The influence of genetic architecture on responses to selection under drought in rice. Evol Appl 2022; 15:1670-1690. [PMID: 36330294 PMCID: PMC9624088 DOI: 10.1111/eva.13419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Accurately predicting responses to selection is a major goal in biology and important for successful crop breeding in changing environments. However, evolutionary responses to selection can be constrained by such factors as genetic and cross‐environment correlations, linkage, and pleiotropy, and our understanding of the extent and impact of such constraints is still developing. Here, we conducted a field experiment to investigate potential constraints to selection for drought resistance in rice (Oryza sativa) using phenotypic selection analysis and quantitative genetics. We found that traits related to drought response were heritable, and some were under selection, including selection for earlier flowering, which could allow drought escape. However, patterns of selection generally were not opposite under wet and dry conditions, and we did not find individual or closely linked genes that influenced multiple traits, indicating a lack of evidence that antagonistic pleiotropy, linkage, or cross‐environment correlations would constrain selection for drought resistance. In most cases, genetic correlations had little influence on responses to selection, with direct and indirect selection largely congruent. The exception to this was seed mass under drought, which was predicted to evolve in the opposite direction of direct selection due to correlations. Because of this indirect effect on selection on seed mass, selection for drought resistance was not accompanied by a decrease in seed mass, and yield increased with fecundity. Furthermore, breeding lines with high fitness and yield under drought also had high fitness and yield under wet conditions, indicating that there was no evidence for a yield penalty on drought resistance. We found multiple genes in which expression influenced both water use efficiency (WUE) and days to first flowering, supporting a genetic basis for the trade‐off between drought escape and avoidance strategies. Together, these results can provide helpful guidance for understanding and managing evolutionary constraints and breeding stress‐resistant crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Ćalić
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
- Institute of Botany University of Cologne Cologne Germany
| | - Simon C. Groen
- Department of Nematology University of California at Riverside Riverside CA USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Jae Young Choi
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | - Zoé Joly‐Lopez
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
- Département de Chimie Université du Québec à Montréal Montréal Québec Canada
| | - Elena Hamann
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
- Department of Genetics and Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
| | | | - Katherine Dorph
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
| | | | | | - Georgina V. Vergara
- International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Laguna Philippines
- Institute of Crop Science, University of the Philippines Los Baños, 4031 College Laguna Philippines
| | - Amelia Henry
- International Rice Research Institute Los Baños Laguna Philippines
| | - Michael D. Purugganan
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biology New York University New York NY USA
- Center for Genomics and Systems Biology NYU Abu Dhabi Research Institute New York University Abu Dhabi, Saadiyat Island Abu Dhabi United Arab Emirates
| | - Steven J. Franks
- Department of Biological Sciences Fordham University Bronx NY USA
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24
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Xue Y, Zhang Y, Shan J, Ji Y, Zhang X, Li W, Li D, Zhao L. Growth Repressor GmRAV Binds to the GmGA3ox Promoter to Negatively Regulate Plant Height Development in Soybean. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:1721. [PMID: 35163641 PMCID: PMC8836252 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Revised: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant height is an important component of plant architecture, and significantly affects crop quality and yield. A soybean GmRAV (Related to ABI3/VP1) transcription factor containing both AP2 and B3 domains is a growth repressor. Three GmRAV-overexpressing (GmRAV-ox) transgenic lines displayed extremely shorter height and shortened internodes compared with control plants, whereas transgenic inhibition of GmRAV expression resulted in increased plant height. GmRAV-ox soybean plants showed a low active gibberellin level and the dwarf phenotype could be rescued by treatment with exogenous GA3 treatment. ChIP (Chromatin immunoprecipitation)-qPCR assay showed that GmRAV could directly regulate the expression of the GA4 biosynthetic genes GA3-oxidase (GmGA3ox) by binding two CAACA motifs in the GmGA3ox promoter. The GmGA3ox promoter was bound by GmRAV, whose expression levels in leaves were both elevated in GmRAV-i-3 and decreased in GmRAV-ox-7 soybean plants. Transient expression assay in N. benthamiana also showed that the proGmRAV:GmRAV-3F6H effector strongly repressed the expression of LUC reporter gene driven by GmGA3ox promoter containing two CAACA motifs. Together, our results suggested that GmRAV protein repressed the expression of GmGA3ox by directly binding to the two CAACA motifs in the promoter to limit soybean plant height.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Dongmei Li
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
| | - Lin Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Soybean Biology of Ministry of Education China, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; (Y.X.); (Y.Z.); (J.S.); (Y.J.); (X.Z.); (W.L.)
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25
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Zhan P, Ma S, Xiao Z, Li F, Wei X, Lin S, Wang X, Ji Z, Fu Y, Pan J, Zhou M, Liu Y, Chang Z, Li L, Bu S, Liu Z, Zhu H, Liu G, Zhang G, Wang S. Natural variations in grain length 10 (GL10) regulate rice grain size. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:405-413. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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26
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Exogenous Gibberellin Treatment Enhances Melatonin Synthesis for Melatonin-Enriched Rice Production. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12020198. [PMID: 35204699 PMCID: PMC8961596 DOI: 10.3390/biom12020198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Melatonin production is induced by many abiotic and biotic stressors; it modulates the levels of many plant hormones and their signaling pathways. This study investigated the effects of plant hormones on melatonin synthesis. Melatonin synthesis in rice seedlings was significantly induced upon exogenous gibberellin 3 (GA3) treatment, while it was severely decreased by GA synthesis inhibitor paclobutrazol. In contrast, abscisic acid (ABA) strongly inhibited melatonin synthesis, whereas its inhibitor norflurazon (NF) induced melatonin synthesis. The observed GA-mediated increase in melatonin was closely associated with elevated expression levels of melatonin biosynthetic genes such as TDC3, T5H, and ASMT1; it was also associated with reduced expression levels of catabolic genes ASDAC and M2H. In a paddy field, the treatment of immature rice seeds with exogenous GA led to enhanced melatonin production in rice seeds; various transgenic rice plants downregulating a GA biosynthesis gene (GA3ox2) and a signaling gene (Gα) showed severely decreased melatonin levels, providing in vivo genetic evidence that GA has a positive effect on melatonin synthesis. This is the first study to report that GA is positively involved in melatonin synthesis in plants; GA treatment can be used to produce melatonin-rich seeds, vegetables, and fruits, which are beneficial for human health.
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27
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Kawai K, Takehara S, Kashio T, Morii M, Sugihara A, Yoshimura H, Ito A, Hattori M, Toda Y, Kojima M, Takebayashi Y, Furuumi H, Nonomura KI, Mikami B, Akagi T, Sakakibara H, Kitano H, Matsuoka M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. Evolutionary alterations in gene expression and enzymatic activities of gibberellin 3-oxidase 1 in Oryza. Commun Biol 2022; 5:67. [PMID: 35046494 PMCID: PMC8770518 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03008-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proper anther and pollen development are important for plant reproduction. The plant hormone gibberellin is important for anther development in rice, but its gametophytic functions remain largely unknown. Here, we report the functional and evolutionary analyses of rice gibberellin 3-oxidase 1 (OsGA3ox1), a gibberellin synthetic enzyme specifically expressed in the late developmental stages of anthers. Enzymatic and X-ray crystallography analyses reveal that OsGA3ox1 has a higher GA7 synthesis ratio than OsGA3ox2. In addition, we generate an osga3ox1 knockout mutant by genome editing and demonstrate the bioactive gibberellic acid synthesis by the OsGA3ox1 action during starch accumulation in pollen via invertase regulation. Furthermore, we analyze the evolution of Oryza GA3ox1s and reveal that their enzyme activity and gene expression have evolved in a way that is characteristic of the Oryza genus and contribute to their male reproduction ability. The authors solve the crystal structure of OsGA3ox2 and predict that of OsGA3ox1. These enzymes catalyze the final step in the biosynthesis of gibberellin, one of the plant hormones. Evolutionary analysis combined with the new structure reveal important aspects of the OsGA3ox1’s function in plant male reproduction.
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28
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Khan N, Essemine J, Hamdani S, Qu M, Lyu MJA, Perveen S, Stirbet A, Govindjee G, Zhu XG. Natural variation in the fast phase of chlorophyll a fluorescence induction curve (OJIP) in a global rice minicore panel. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2021; 150:137-158. [PMID: 33159615 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00794-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Photosynthesis can be probed through Chlorophyll a fluorescence induction (FI), which provides detailed insight into the electron transfer process in Photosystem II, and beyond. Here, we have systematically studied the natural variation of the fast phase of the FI, i.e. the OJIP phase, in rice. The OJIP phase of the Chl a fluorescence induction curve is referred to as "fast transient" lasting for less than a second; it is obtained after a dark-adapted sample is exposed to saturating light. In the OJIP curve, "O" stands for "origin" (minimal fluorescence), "P" for "peak" (maximum fluorescence), and J and I for inflection points between the O and P levels. Further, Fo is the fluorescence intensity at the "O" level, whereas Fm is the intensity at the P level, and Fv (= Fm - Fo) is the variable fluorescence. We surveyed a set of quantitative parameters derived from the FI curves of 199 rice accessions, grown under both field condition (FC) and growth room condition (GC). Our results show a significant variation between Japonica (JAP) and Indica (IND) subgroups, under both the growth conditions, in almost all the parameters derived from the OJIP curves. The ratio of the variable to the maximum (Fv/Fm) and of the variable to the minimum (Fv/Fo) fluorescence, the performance index (PIabs), as well as the amplitude of the I-P phase (AI-P) show higher values in JAP compared to that in the IND subpopulation. In contrast, the amplitude of the O-J phase (AO-J) and the normalized area above the OJIP curve (Sm) show an opposite trend. The performed genetic analysis shows that plants grown under GC appear much more affected by environmental factors than those grown in the field. We further conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using 11 parameters derived from plants grown in the field. In total, 596 non-unique significant loci based on these parameters were identified by GWAS. Several photosynthesis-related proteins were identified to be associated with different OJIP parameters. We found that traits with high correlation are usually associated with similar genomic regions. Specifically, the thermal phase of FI, which includes the amplitudes of the J-I and I-P subphases (AJ-I and AI-P) of the OJIP curve, is, in turn, associated with certain common genomic regions. Our study is the first one dealing with the natural variations in rice, with the aim to characterize potential candidate genes controlling the magnitude and half-time of each of the phases in the OJIP FI curve.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naveed Khan
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology, CAS-MPG Partner Institute for Computational Biology, Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Jemaa Essemine
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Saber Hamdani
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Mingnan Qu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Ming-Ju Amy Lyu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Shahnaz Perveen
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | | | - Govindjee Govindjee
- Department of Plant Biology, Department of Biochemistry, and Center of Biophysics & Quantitative Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Xin-Guang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory for Plant Molecular Genetics and Center of Excellence for Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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Du X, Wang ·Z, Han ·K, Lian ·S, Li ·Y, Zhang ·L, Guo ·E, Wang J. Fine mapping of qPH9, a major quantitative trait locus, responsible for plant height in foxtail millet [ Setaria italica (L.) P. Beauv.]. MOLECULAR BREEDING : NEW STRATEGIES IN PLANT IMPROVEMENT 2021; 41:77. [PMID: 37309515 PMCID: PMC10236064 DOI: 10.1007/s11032-021-01261-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is vital for crop yield by influencing plant architecture and resistance to lodging. Although lots of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling plant height had been mapped in foxtail millet, their contributions to phenotypic variation were generally small and mapping regions were relatively large, indicating the difficult application in molecular breeding using marker-assisted selection (MAS). In the present paper, a total of 23 QTLs involving in 15 traits were identified via a high-density Bin map containing 3024 Bin markers with an average distance of 0.48 cM through an F2 population. Among them, qPH9, with a large phenotypic variation explained (51.6%) related to plant height, was one of the major QTLs. Furthermore, qPH9 was repeatedly detected in multi-environments under field conditions using two new developed F2 populations from the same F1 plant, and was narrowed down to a smaller interval of 281 kb using 1024 recessive F2 individuals from the same F1 plant. Finally, we found that there was an extremely significant correlation between marker MRI1016 and plant height, and further speculated that Seita.9G088900 and Seita.9G089700 could be key candidates of qPH9. This study laid an important foundation for the cloning of qPH9 and molecular breeding of dwarf varieties via MAS. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11032-021-01261-w.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofen Du
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
| | - ·Zhilan Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
| | - ·Kangni Han
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
| | - ·Shichao Lian
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
| | - ·Yuxin Li
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
| | - ·Linyi Zhang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
| | - ·Erhu Guo
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
| | - Jun Wang
- Shanxi Key Laboratory of Minor Crops Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding, Millet Research Institute, Shanxi Agricultural University, Changzhi, 046011 China
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Su S, Hong J, Chen X, Zhang C, Chen M, Luo Z, Chang S, Bai S, Liang W, Liu Q, Zhang D. Gibberellins orchestrate panicle architecture mediated by DELLA-KNOX signalling in rice. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2021; 19:2304-2318. [PMID: 34800075 PMCID: PMC8541776 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Revised: 06/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Panicle architecture is a key determinant of grain yield in cereals, but the mechanisms governing panicle morphogenesis and organ development remain elusive. Here, we have identified a quantitative trait locus (qPA1) associated with panicle architecture using chromosome segment substitution lines from parents Nipponbare and 9311. The panicle length, branch number and grain number of Nipponbare were significantly higher than CSSL-9. Through map-based cloning and complementation tests, we confirmed that qPA1 was identical to SD1 (Semi Dwarf1), which encodes a gibberellin 20-oxidase enzyme participating in gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis. Transcript analysis revealed that SD1 was widely expressed during early panicle development. Analysis of sd1/osga20ox2 and gnp1/ osga20ox1 single and double mutants revealed that the two paralogous enzymes have non-redundant functions during panicle development, likely due to differences in spatiotemporal expression; GNP1 expression under control of the SD1 promoter could rescue the sd1 phenotype. The DELLA protein SLR1, a component of the GA signalling pathway, accumulated more highly in sd1 plants. We have demonstrated that SLR1 physically interacts with the meristem identity class I KNOTTED1-LIKE HOMEOBOX (KNOX) protein OSH1 to repress OSH1-mediated activation of downstream genes related to panicle development, providing a mechanistic link between gibberellin and panicle architecture morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Su
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Jun Hong
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xiaofei Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Changquan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Mingjiao Chen
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhijing Luo
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shuwei Chang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Shaoxing Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Wanqi Liang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Qiaoquan Liu
- Key Laboratory of Plant Functional Genomics of the Ministry of EducationCollege of AgricultureYangzhou UniversityYangzhouChina
| | - Dabing Zhang
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental SciencesState Key Laboratory of Hybrid RiceSchool of Life Sciences and BiotechnologyShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghaiChina
- School of Agriculture, Food and WineUniversity of AdelaideUrrbraeSAAustralia
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31
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Gao K, Zha WL, Zhu JX, Zheng C, Zi JC. A review: biosynthesis of plant-derived labdane-related diterpenoids. Chin J Nat Med 2021; 19:666-674. [PMID: 34561077 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(21)60100-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Plant-derived labdane-related diterpenoids (LRDs) represent a large group of terpenoids. LRDs possess either a labdane-type bicyclic core structure or more complex ring systems derived from labdane-type skeletons, such as abietane, pimarane, kaurane, etc. Due to their various pharmaceutical activities and unique properties, many of LRDs have been widely used in pharmaceutical, food and perfume industries. Biosynthesis of various LRDs has been extensively studied, leading to characterization of a large number of new biosynthetic enzymes. The biosynthetic pathways of important LRDs and the relevant enzymes (especially diterpene synthases and cytochrome P450 enzymes) were summarized in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Wen-Long Zha
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jian-Xun Zhu
- College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Cheng Zheng
- Zhejiang Institute for Food and Drug Control, NMPA Key Laboratory for Quality Evaluation of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310052, China.
| | - Jia-Chen Zi
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substance and Function of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, China.
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Gibberellins Inhibit Flavonoid Biosynthesis and Promote Nitrogen Metabolism in Medicago truncatula. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179291. [PMID: 34502200 PMCID: PMC8431309 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179291] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 08/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Bioactive gibberellic acids (GAs) are diterpenoid plant hormones that are biosynthesized through complex pathways and control various aspects of growth and development. Although GA biosynthesis has been intensively studied, the downstream metabolic pathways regulated by GAs have remained largely unexplored. We investigated Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of Medicago truncatula with a dwarf phenotype by forward and reverse genetics screening and phylogenetic, molecular, biochemical, proteomic and metabolomic analyses. Three Tnt1 retrotransposon insertion mutant lines of the gibberellin 3-beta-dioxygenase 1 gene (GA3ox1) with a dwarf phenotype were identified, in which the synthesis of GAs (GA3 and GA4) was inhibited. Phenotypic analysis revealed that plant height, root and petiole length of ga3ox1 mutants were shorter than those of the wild type (Medicago truncatula ecotype R108). Leaf size was also much smaller in ga3ox1 mutants than that in wild-type R108, which is probably due to cell-size diminution instead of a decrease in cell number. Proteomic and metabolomic analyses of ga3ox1/R108 leaves revealed that in the ga3ox1 mutant, flavonoid isoflavonoid biosynthesis was significantly up-regulated, while nitrogen metabolism was down-regulated. Additionally, we further demonstrated that flavonoid and isoflavonoid biosynthesis was induced by prohexadione calcium, an inhibitor of GA3ox enzyme, and inhibited by exogenous GA3. In contrast, nitrogen metabolism was promoted by exogenous GA3 but inhibited by prohexadione calcium. The results of this study further demonstrated that GAs play critical roles in positively regulating nitrogen metabolism and transport and negatively regulating flavonoid biosynthesis through GA-mediated signaling pathways in leaves.
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Li W, Ma Q, Yin P, Wen J, Pei Y, Niu L, Lin H. The GA 20-Oxidase Encoding Gene MSD1 Controls the Main Stem Elongation in Medicago truncatula. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:709625. [PMID: 34421956 PMCID: PMC8371406 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.709625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/25/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Plant height is an important agronomic trait that is closely related to biomass yield and crop production. Despite legumes comprise one of the largest monophyletic families that are second only to grasses in terms of economic and nutritional values, due to an ancient genome duplication event, most legume plants have complex genomes, thus the molecular mechanisms that determine plant height are less known in legumes. Here, we report the identification and characterization of MAIN STEM DWARF1 (MSD1), which is required for the plant height in the model legume Medicago truncatula. Loss of function of MSD1 leads to severely reduced main stem height but normal lateral branch elongation in M. truncatula. Histological analysis revealed that the msd1-1 main stem has shorter internodes with reduced cell size and number compared with the wild type, indicating that MSD1 affects cell elongation and cell proliferation. MSD1 encodes a putative GA 20-oxidase that is expressed at significantly higher levels in the main shoot apex than in the lateral shoot apices, suggesting that MSD1 expression is associated with its effect on the main stem elongation. UPLC-MS/MS analysis showed that GA9 and GA4, two identified products of the GA 20-oxidase, were severely reduced in msd1-1, and the dwarf phenotype of msd1-1 could be rescued by supplementation with gibberellic acid GA3, confirming that MSD1 functions as a biologically active GA 20-oxidase. Moreover, we found that disruption of either MtGA20ox7 or MtGA20ox8, homologs of MSD1, has little effects on the elongation of the main stem, while the msd1-1 mtga20ox7-1 mtga20ox8 triple mutants exhibits a severe short main shoot and lateral branches, as well as reduced leaf size, suggesting that MSD1 and its homologs MtGA20ox7 and MtGA20ox8, redundantly regulate M. truncatula shoot elongation and leaf development. Taken together, our findings demonstrate the molecular mechanism of MSD1-mediated regulation of main stem elongation in M. truncatula and provide insights into understanding the functional diversity of GA 20-oxidases in optimizing plant architecture in legumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanying Li
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qingxia Ma
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Pengcheng Yin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiangqi Wen
- Institute for Agricultural Biosciences, Oklahoma State University, Ardmore, OK, United States
- Department of Plant and Soil Sciences, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, United States
| | - Yanxi Pei
- College of Life Science, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lifang Niu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Lin
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
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Wei X, Zhou H, Xie D, Li J, Yang M, Chang T, Wang D, Hu L, Xie G, Wang J, Wang L. Genome-Wide Association Study in Rice Revealed a Novel Gene in Determining Plant Height and Stem Development, by Encoding a WRKY Transcription Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158192. [PMID: 34360958 PMCID: PMC8347446 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Semi-dwarfism is a main agronomic trait in crop breeding. In this study, we performed genome-wide association study (GWAS) and identified a new quantitative trait nucleotide (QTN) for rice shoot length. The peak QTN (C/T) was located in the first coding region of a group III WRKY transcription factor OsWRKY21 (LOC_Os01g60640). Interestingly, further haplotype analysis showed that C/T difference only existed in the indica group but not in the japonica group, resulting in significant differences in plant height among the different indica rice varieties. OsWRKY21 was expressed in embryo, radicle, shoots, leaves, and stems. Most notably, overexpressing OsWRKY21 resulted in the semi-dwarf phenotype, early heading date and short internodes compared to the wild type, while the knockout mutant plants by CRISPR/Cas9 technology yielded the opposite. The overexpressing lines exhibited the decreased length of the cells near sclerenchyma epidermis, accompanied with the lower levels of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and gibberellin 3 (GA3), but increased levels of the abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) in the internodes at heading stage. Moreover, the semi-dwarf phenotype could be fully rescued by exogenous GA3 application at seedling stage. The RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis confirmed the differential expression levels of genes in development and the stress responses in rice, including GA metabolism (GA20ox2, GA2ox6, and YABY1) and cell wall biosynthesis (CesA4, 7, and 9) and regulation (MYB103L). These data suggest the essential role of OsWRKY21 in regulation of internode elongation and plant height in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoshuang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Hailian Zhou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Deying Xie
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
| | - Jianguo Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
| | - Mingchong Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Tianli Chang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
| | - Dongxin Wang
- College of Life Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (D.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Lihua Hu
- College of Life Science & Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (D.W.); (L.H.)
| | - Guosheng Xie
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
| | - Jihong Wang
- Department of Life Science, Tangshan Normal University, Tangshan 063000, China;
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation & Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China; (X.W.); (H.Z.); (J.L.); (M.Y.); (T.C.)
- College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China; (D.X.); (G.X.)
- Correspondence:
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Hsieh KT, Chen YT, Hu TJ, Lin SM, Hsieh CH, Liu SH, Shiue SY, Lo SF, Wang IW, Tseng CS, Chen LJ. Comparisons within the Rice GA 2-Oxidase Gene Family Revealed Three Dominant Paralogs and a Functional Attenuated Gene that Led to the Identification of Four Amino Acid Variants Associated with GA Deactivation Capability. RICE (NEW YORK, N.Y.) 2021; 14:70. [PMID: 34322729 PMCID: PMC8319247 DOI: 10.1186/s12284-021-00499-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND GA 2-oxidases (GA2oxs) are involved in regulating GA homeostasis in plants by inactivating bioactive GAs through 2β-hydroxylation. Rice GA2oxs are encoded by a family of 10 genes; some of them have been characterized, but no comprehensive comparisons for all these genes have been conducted. RESULTS Rice plants with nine functional GA2oxs were demonstrated in the present study, and these genes not only were differentially expressed but also revealed various capabilities for GA deactivation based on their height-reducing effects in transgenic plants. Compared to that of wild-type plants, the relative plant height (RPH) of transgenic plants was scored to estimate their reducing effects, and 8.3% to 59.5% RPH was observed. Phylogenetic analysis of class I GA2ox genes revealed two functionally distinct clades in the Poaceae. The OsGA2ox3, 4, and 8 genes belonging to clade A showed the most severe effect (8.3% to 8.7% RPH) on plant height reduction, whereas the OsGA2ox7 gene belonging to clade B showed the least severe effect (59.5% RPH). The clade A OsGA2ox3 gene contained two conserved C186/C194 amino acids that were crucial for enzymatic activity. In the present study, these amino acids were replaced with OsGA2ox7-conserved arginine (C186R) and proline (C194P), respectively, or simultaneously (C186R/C194P) to demonstrate their importance in planta. Another two amino acids, Q220 and Y274, conserved in OsGA2ox3 were substituted with glutamic acid (E) and phenylalanine (F), respectively, or simultaneously to show their significance in planta. In addition, through sequence divergence, RNA expression profile and GA deactivation capability analyses, we proposed that OsGA2ox1, OsGA2ox3 and OsGA2ox6 function as the predominant paralogs in each of their respective classes. CONCLUSIONS This study demonstrates rice has nine functional GA2oxs and the class I GA2ox genes are divided into two functionally distinct clades. Among them, the OsGA2ox7 of clade B is a functional attenuated gene and the OsGA2ox1, OsGA2ox3 and OsGA2ox6 are the three predominant paralogs in the family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ting Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ting Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Jen Hu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Min Lin
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Hsieh
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Su-Hui Liu
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shiau-Yu Shiue
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - Shuen-Fang Lo
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan
| | - I-Wen Wang
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Shan Tseng
- Division of Biotechnology, Taiwan Agriculture Research Institute, Taichung, 41362, Taiwan
| | - Liang-Jwu Chen
- Institute of Molecular Biology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 40227, Taiwan.
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Marciniak K, Przedniczek K. Anther dehiscence is regulated by gibberellic acid in yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 21:314. [PMID: 34215194 PMCID: PMC8252261 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-021-03085-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Anther dehiscence resulting in the release of pollen grains is tightly regulated in a spatiotemporal manner by various factors. In yellow lupine (Lupinus luteus L.), a species that shows cleistogamy, the anthers split before the flowers open, but the course and regulation of this process are unknown. The specific control of anther development takes place via hormonal pathways, the wide action of which ensures reproductive success. In our previous research concerning flower and early pod development in yellow lupine, we showed that the lowest transcript level of LlDELLA1, a main repressor of gibberellin (GA) signalling, occurs approximately at the time of anther opening; therefore, the main purpose of this study was to precisely investigate the gibberellic acid (GA3)-dependent regulation of the anther dehiscence in this species. RESULTS In this paper, we showed the specific changes in the yellow lupine anther structure during dehiscence, including secondary thickening in the endothecium by lignocellulosic deposition, enzymatic cell wall breakdown at the septum/stomium and cell degeneration via programmed cell death (PCD), and identified several genes widely associated with this process. The expression profile of genes varied over time, with the most intense mRNA accumulation in the phases prior to or at the time of anther opening. The transcriptional activity also revealed that these genes are highly coexpressed and regulated in a GA-dependent manner. The cellular and tissue localization of GA3 showed that these molecules are present before anther opening, mainly in septum cells, near the vascular bundle and in the endothecium, and that they are subsequently undetectable. GA3 localization strongly correlates with the transcriptional activity of genes related to GA biosynthesis and deactivation. The results also suggest that GA3 controls LlGAMYB expression via an LlMIR159-dependent pathway. CONCLUSIONS The presented results show a clear contribution of GA3 in the control of the extensive anther dehiscence process in yellow lupine. Understanding the processes underlying pollen release at the hormonal and molecular levels is a significant aspect of controlling fertility in this economically important legume crop species and is of increasing interest to breeders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Marciniak
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland.
| | - Krzysztof Przedniczek
- Faculty of Biological and Veterinary Sciences, Department of Plant Physiology and Biotechnology, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Lwowska 1 St, 87-100, Toruń, Poland
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Phenotypic Characterization and Differential Gene Expression Analysis Reveal That Dwarf Mutant dwf Dwarfism Is Associated with Gibberellin in Eggplant. HORTICULTURAE 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/horticulturae7050114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Dwarfism is a desirable trait in eggplant breeding, as it confers higher lodging resistance and allows simplified management and harvest. However, a few dwarf mutants have been reported, and the molecular mechanism underlying dwarfism in eggplant is completely unknown. Here, we report a dwarf mutant (dwf) isolated from an ethyl methyl sulfonate (EMS)-induced mutant library. The hypocotyl length, plant height, and length of internode cells of dwf were significantly decreased compared to those of the wild-type parent ‘14-345’ (WT). Differential gene expression analysis revealed that GA-related genes, including GA2ox and DELLA, were up-regulated whereas the gibberellin (GA3) content decreased in dwf. Moreover, exogenous GA3 treatment significantly increased the relative growth rate of dwf compared to WT, further indicating the important roles of GA in regulating the dwarf phenotype of dwf. Collectively, our findings shed light on GA-mediated dwarfism in dwf plants and offer a good germplasm that could be used for eggplant dwarfism breeding in the future.
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38
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Tai L, Wang HJ, Xu XJ, Sun WH, Ju L, Liu WT, Li WQ, Sun J, Chen KM. Pre-harvest sprouting in cereals: genetic and biochemical mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:2857-2876. [PMID: 33471899 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of the global population and the increasing frequency of natural disasters, crop yields must be steadily increased to enhance human adaptability to risks. Pre-harvest sprouting (PHS), a term mainly used to describe the phenomenon in which grains germinate on the mother plant directly before harvest, is a serious global problem for agricultural production. After domestication, the dormancy level of cultivated crops was generally lower than that of their wild ancestors. Although the shortened dormancy period likely improved the industrial performance of cereals such as wheat, barley, rice, and maize, the excessive germination rate has caused frequent PHS in areas with higher rainfall, resulting in great economic losses. Here, we systematically review the causes of PHS and its consequences, the major indicators and methods for PHS assessment, and emphasize the biological significance of PHS in crop production. Wheat quantitative trait loci functioning in the control of PHS are also comprehensively summarized in a meta-analysis. Finally, we use Arabidopsis as a model plant to develop more complete PHS regulatory networks for wheat. The integration of this information is conducive to the development of custom-made cultivated lines suitable for different demands and regions, and is of great significance for improving crop yields and economic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Tai
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hong-Jin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wei-Hang Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Lan Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Ting Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Wen-Qiang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jiaqiang Sun
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Kun-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Life Sciences, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Numan M, Khan AL, Asaf S, Salehin M, Beyene G, Tadele Z, Ligaba-Osena A. From Traditional Breeding to Genome Editing for Boosting Productivity of the Ancient Grain Tef [ Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter]. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:628. [PMID: 33806233 PMCID: PMC8066236 DOI: 10.3390/plants10040628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tef (Eragrostis tef (Zucc.) Trotter) is a staple food crop for 70% of the Ethiopian population and is currently cultivated in several countries for grain and forage production. It is one of the most nutritious grains, and is also more resilient to marginal soil and climate conditions than major cereals such as maize, wheat and rice. However, tef is an extremely low-yielding crop, mainly due to lodging, which is when stalks fall on the ground irreversibly, and prolonged drought during the growing season. Climate change is triggering several biotic and abiotic stresses which are expected to cause severe food shortages in the foreseeable future. This has necessitated an alternative and robust approach in order to improve resilience to diverse types of stresses and increase crop yields. Traditional breeding has been extensively implemented to develop crop varieties with traits of interest, although the technique has several limitations. Currently, genome editing technologies are receiving increased interest among plant biologists as a means of improving key agronomic traits. In this review, the potential application of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated proteins (CRISPR-Cas) technology in improving stress resilience in tef is discussed. Several putative abiotic stress-resilient genes of the related monocot plant species have been discussed and proposed as target genes for editing in tef through the CRISPR-Cas system. This is expected to improve stress resilience and boost productivity, thereby ensuring food and nutrition security in the region where it is needed the most.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Numan
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Abdul Latif Khan
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Biotechnology and OMICs Laboratory, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (A.L.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Sajjad Asaf
- Natural and Medical Sciences Research Center, Biotechnology and OMICs Laboratory, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman; (A.L.K.); (S.A.)
| | - Mohammad Salehin
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
| | - Getu Beyene
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO 63132, USA;
| | - Zerihun Tadele
- Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Altenbergrain 21, CH-3013 Bern, Switzerland;
| | - Ayalew Ligaba-Osena
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, NC 27412, USA; (M.N.); (M.S.)
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40
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Chen H, Yu H, Jiang W, Li H, Wu T, Chu J, Xin P, Li Z, Wang R, Zhou T, Huang K, Lu L, Bian M, Du X. Overexpression of ovate family protein 22 confers multiple morphological changes and represses gibberellin and brassinosteroid signalings in transgenic rice. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 304:110734. [PMID: 33568286 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
OVATE family proteins (OFPs) are plant-specific transcription factors that regulate plant growth and development. OFPs interact with 3-aa loop extension (TALE) homeodomain proteins and brassinosteroid (BR) signaling components to modulate gibberellic acid (GA) biosynthesis and BR responses. Bioactive GAs are essential in regulating plant organogenesis and organ growth by promoting cell differentiation and elongation. DELLA proteins act as the central repressors of GA-regulated processes and are targeted to be degraded by the 26S proteasome in the presence of GA. We discovered that the rice OFP22 negatively regulates GA and BR signal transduction. OsOFP22 expression was rapidly up-regulated by exogenous GA and BR application, detected predominantly in the calli and spikelets. Overexpression of OsOFP22 conferred multiple morphological phenotypes, including reduced plant height, dark green leaves, and shortened and widened leaves, floral organs and grains. The GA-induced elongation of the second leaf sheath in the seedlings, and α-amylase activity in the endosperms were attenuated in transgenic lines overexpressing OsOFP22, while GA-biosynthesis gene transcripts and bioactive GA3 and GA4 contents were increased in the transgenic plants. OsOFP22 promotes the protein accumulation of SLR1, the single DELLA in rice protein. Furthermore, Overexpression of OsOFP22 suppresses BR response and the expression of BR-related genes. OsOFP22 is thus involved in the repression of GA and BR signal transduction and integrates GA with BR to regulate plant growth and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haoyuan Chen
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hui Yu
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China; Key Laboratory of Soybean Molecular Design Breeding, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130102, China
| | - Wenzhu Jiang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Hongyu Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Tao Wu
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Jinfang Chu
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100039, China
| | - Peiyong Xin
- National Centre for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhao Li
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Tie Zhou
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Kai Huang
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Lin Lu
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China
| | - Mingdi Bian
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
| | - Xinglin Du
- Jilin Province Engineering Laboratory of Plant Genetic Improvement, College of Plant Science, Jilin University, Changchun 130062, China.
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Li Q, Li J, Zhang L, Pan C, Yang N, Sun K, He C. Gibberellins are required for dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 303:110749. [PMID: 33487338 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2020.110749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 10/26/2020] [Accepted: 10/31/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Photoperiod is a major determinant of chasmogamous (CH)-cleistogamous (CL) dimorphic flower development in Viola philippica, and only long-day (LD) conditions induce CL flowers. In this study, it was found that the active gibberellin (GA) content in CL floral buds was higher than in CH floral buds formed under short-day (SD) conditions, suggesting that the biosynthesis of active GAs is enhanced by a longer photoperiod and may be associated with dimorphic flower development. Thus, the next step was to molecularly characterize the key V. philippica GA synthesis genes GA 20-oxidase (VpGA20ox) and GA 3-oxidase (VpGA3ox). In terms of the expression of VpGA20ox and VpGA3ox, it was found that the active GAs could be upregulated in developing pistils under both LD and SD conditions to develop functional pistils, and GAs could also accumulate in the stamens under SD conditions. The anthers and the adjacent petals were well developed under SD conditions. In contrast, the above-mentioned floral organs displayed low GA contents under LD conditions and were poorly developed. Although the application of paclobutrazol, an inhibitor of GA synthesis, did not reverse CL development under LD conditions, exogenous GAs could partially trigger the transition from CH to CL flowers under relative SD conditions (≤12 h daylight). This was coupled with the downregulation of B-class MADS-box genes, thereby restraining stamen and petal development. Both VpGA20ox and VpGA3ox exhibited similar expression profiles with B-class MADS-box genes in the development of the stamens and petals. Therefore, in response to photoperiod, GA signaling could affect the expression of B-class homeotic genes and regulate dimorphic flower development in Viola. As a compensation for poorly-developed nectaries, anthers, and petals, filament elongation, style shortness, and inward bending could ensure self-pollination in CL flowers. This work provides new insights into the regulation of CH-CL floral development and the evolutionary significance of the formation of dimorphic flowers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaoxia Li
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Jigang Li
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Chaochao Pan
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Ning Yang
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu, China
| | - Kun Sun
- Life Science College, Northwest Normal University, Anning East Road 967, Anning, 730070 Lanzhou, Gansu, China.
| | - Chaoying He
- State Key Laboratory of Systematic and Evolutionary Botany, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanxincun 20, Xiangshan, 100093 Beijing, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yuquan Road 19A, 100049 Beijing, China.
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Hedden P. The Current Status of Research on Gibberellin Biosynthesis. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1832-1849. [PMID: 32652020 PMCID: PMC7758035 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Gibberellins are produced by all vascular plants and several fungal and bacterial species that associate with plants as pathogens or symbionts. In the 60 years since the first experiments on the biosynthesis of gibberellic acid in the fungus Fusarium fujikuroi, research on gibberellin biosynthesis has advanced to provide detailed information on the pathways, biosynthetic enzymes and their genes in all three kingdoms, in which the production of the hormones evolved independently. Gibberellins function as hormones in plants, affecting growth and differentiation in organs in which their concentration is very tightly regulated. Current research in plants is focused particularly on the regulation of gibberellin biosynthesis and inactivation by developmental and environmental cues, and there is now considerable information on the molecular mechanisms involved in these processes. There have also been recent advances in understanding gibberellin transport and distribution and their relevance to plant development. This review describes our current understanding of gibberellin metabolism and its regulation, highlighting the more recent advances in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hedden
- Laboratory of Growth Regulators, Palack� University & Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 27, 78371 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Rothamsted Research, West Common, Harpenden, Hertfordshire AL5 2JQ, UK
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Müller LM, Campos-Soriano L, Levesque-Tremblay V, Bravo A, Daniels DA, Pathak S, Park HJ, Harrison MJ. Constitutive Overexpression of RAM1 Leads to an Increase in Arbuscule Density in Brachypodium distachyon. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 184:1263-1272. [PMID: 32873628 PMCID: PMC7608154 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) symbiosis is a mutually beneficial association of plants and fungi of the subphylum Glomeromycotina. Endosymbiotic AM fungi colonize the inner cortical cells of the roots, where they form branched hyphae called arbuscules that function in nutrient exchange with the plant. To support arbuscule development and subsequent bidirectional nutrient exchange, the root cortical cells undergo substantial transcriptional reprogramming. REDUCED ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZA1 (RAM1), previously studied in several dicot plant species, is a major regulator of this cortical cell transcriptional program. Here, we generated ram1 mutants and RAM1 overexpressors in a monocot, Brachypodium distachyon. The AM phenotypes of two ram1 lines revealed that RAM1 is only partly required to enable arbuscule development in B. distachyon Transgenic lines constitutively overexpressing BdRAM1 showed constitutive expression of AM-inducible genes even in the shoots. Following inoculation with AM fungi, BdRAM1-overexpressing plants showed higher arbuscule densities relative to controls, indicating the potential to manipulate the relative proportion of symbiotic interfaces via modulation of RAM1 However, the overexpressors also show altered expression of hormone biosynthesis genes and aberrant growth patterns, including stunted bushy shoots and poor seed set. While these phenotypes possibly provide additional clues about the scope of influence of BdRAM1, they also indicate that directed approaches to increase the density of symbiotic interfaces will require a more focused, potentially cell type specific manipulation of transcription factor gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Hee-Jin Park
- Boyce Thompson Institute, Ithaca, New York 14853
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Gao Y, Huang S, Qu G, Fu W, Zhang M, Liu Z, Feng H. The mutation of ent-kaurene synthase, a key enzyme involved in gibberellin biosynthesis, confers a non-heading phenotype to Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L. ssp. pekinensis). HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2020; 7:178. [PMID: 33328441 PMCID: PMC7603516 DOI: 10.1038/s41438-020-00399-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The presence of a leafy head is a vital agronomic trait that facilitates the evaluation of the yield and quality of Chinese cabbage. A non-heading mutant (nhm1) was identified in an ethyl methanesulfonate mutagenesis population of the heading Chinese cabbage double haploid line FT. Segregation analysis revealed that a single recessive gene, Brnhm1, controlled the mutant phenotype. Using MutMap, Kompetitive allele-specific PCR, and cloning analyses, we demonstrated that BraA07g042410.3C, which encodes an ent-kaurene synthase involved in the gibberellin biosynthesis pathway, is the nhm1 mutant candidate gene. A single-nucleotide mutation (C to T) in the fourth exon of BraA07g042410.3C caused an amino acid substitution from histidine to tyrosine. Compared to that of the wild-type FT, BraA07g042410.3C in the leaves of the nhm1 mutant had lower levels of expression. In addition, gibberellin contents were lower in the mutant than in the wild type, and the mutant plant phenotype could be restored to that of the wild type after exogenous GA3 treatment. These results indicate that BraA07g042410.3C caused the non-heading mutation. This is the first study to demonstrate a relationship between gibberellin content in the leaves and leafy head formation in Chinese cabbage. These findings facilitate the understanding of the mechanisms underlying leafy head development in Chinese cabbage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Gao
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Huang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Gaoyang Qu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Fu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Meidi Zhang
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhiyong Liu
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China
| | - Hui Feng
- Liaoning Key Laboratory of Genetics and Breeding for Cruciferous Vegetable Crops, College of Horticulture, Shenyang Agricultural University, 110866, Shenyang, China.
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Wang Y, Hou Y, Qiu J, Wang H, Wang S, Tang L, Tong X, Zhang J. Abscisic acid promotes jasmonic acid biosynthesis via a 'SAPK10-bZIP72-AOC' pathway to synergistically inhibit seed germination in rice (Oryza sativa). THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2020; 228:1336-1353. [PMID: 32583457 PMCID: PMC7689938 DOI: 10.1111/nph.16774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonic acid (JA) both inhibit seed germination, but their interactions during this process remain elusive. Here, we report the identification of a 'SAPK10-bZIP72-AOC' pathway, through which ABA promotes JA biosynthesis to synergistically inhibit rice seed germination. Using biochemical interaction and phosphorylation assays, we show that SAPK10 exhibits autophosphorylation activity on the 177th serine, which enables it to phosphorylate bZIP72 majorly on 71st serine. The SAPK10-dependent phosphorylation enhances bZIP72 protein stability as well as the DNA-binding ability to the G-box cis-element of AOC promoter, thereby elevating the AOC transcription and the endogenous concentration of JA. Blocking of JA biosynthesis significantly alleviated the ABA sensitivity on seed germination, suggesting that ABA-imposed inhibition partially relied on the elevated concentration of JA. Our findings shed a novel insight into the molecular networks of ABA-JA synergistic interaction during rice seed germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
| | - Yuxuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
| | - Jiehua Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
| | - Huimei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
| | - Shuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
- College of Life ScienceYangtze UniversityJingzhou434025China
| | - Liqun Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
| | - Xiaohong Tong
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice BiologyChina National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou311400China
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Lan J, Lin Q, Zhou C, Ren Y, Liu X, Miao R, Jing R, Mou C, Nguyen T, Zhu X, Wang Q, Zhang X, Guo X, Liu S, Jiang L, Wan J. Small grain and semi-dwarf 3, a WRKY transcription factor, negatively regulates plant height and grain size by stabilizing SLR1 expression in rice. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 104:429-450. [PMID: 32808190 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-01049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
OsWRKY36 represses plant height and grain size by inhibiting gibberellin signaling. Plant height and grain size are important agronomic traits affecting yield in cereals, including rice. Gibberellins (GAs) are plant hormones that promote plant growth and developmental processions such as stem elongation and grain size. WRKYs are transcription factors that regulate stress tolerance and plant development including height and grain size. However, the relationship between GA signaling and WRKY genes is still poorly understood. Here, we characterized a small grain and semi-dwarf 3 (sgsd3) mutant in rice cv. Hwayoung (WT). A T-DNA insertion in the 5'-UTR of OsWRKY36 induced overexpression of OsWRKY36 in the sgsd3 mutant, likely leading to the mutant phenotype. This was confirmed by the finding that overexpression of OsWRKY36 caused a similar small grain and semi-dwarf phenotype to the sgsd3 mutant whereas knock down and knock out caused larger grain phenotypes. The sgsd3 mutant was also hyposensitive to GA and accumulated higher mRNA and protein levels of SLR1 (a GA signaling DELLA-like inhibitor) compared with the WT. Further assays showed that OsWRKY36 enhanced SLR1 transcription by directly binding to its promoter. In addition, we found that OsWRKY36 can protect SLR1 from GA-mediated degradation. We thus identified a new GA signaling repressor OsWRKY36 that represses GA signaling through stabilizing the expression of SLR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qibing Lin
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Chunlei Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Yakun Ren
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Rong Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ruonan Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Changling Mou
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Thanhliem Nguyen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
- Department of Biology and Agricultural Engineering, Quynhon University, Quynhon, Binhdinh, 590000, Vietnam
| | - Xingjie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Qian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Shijia Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China
| | - Ling Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
| | - Jianmin Wan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement, Jiangsu Plant Gene Engineering Research Center, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, 210095, China.
- National Key Facility for Crop Gene Resources and Genetic Improvement, Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China.
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Morii M, Sugihara A, Takehara S, Kanno Y, Kawai K, Hobo T, Hattori M, Yoshimura H, Seo M, Ueguchi-Tanaka M. The Dual Function of OsSWEET3a as a Gibberellin and Glucose Transporter Is Important for Young Shoot Development in Rice. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 61:1935-1945. [DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Translocation and long-distance transport of phytohormones are considered important processes for phytohormone responses, as well as their synthesis and signaling. Here, we report on the dual function of OsSWEET3a, a bidirectional sugar transporter from clade I of the rice SWEET family of proteins, as both a gibberellin (GA) and a glucose transporter. OsSWEET3a efficiently transports GAs in the C13-hydroxylation pathway of GA biosynthesis. Both knockout and overexpression lines of OsSWEET3a showed defects in germination and early shoot development, which were partially restored by GA, especially GA20. Quantitative reverse transcription PCR, GUS staining and in situ hybridization revealed that OsSWEET3a was expressed in vascular bundles in basal parts of the seedlings. OsSWEET3a expression was co-localized with OsGA20ox1 expression in the vascular bundles but not with OsGA3ox2, whose expression was restricted to leaf primordia and young leaves. These results suggest that OsSWEET3a is expressed in the vascular tissue of basal parts of seedlings and is involved in the transport of both GA20 and glucose to young leaves, where GA20 is possibly converted to the bioactive GA1 form by OsGA3ox2, during early plant development. We also indicated that such GA transport activities of SWEET proteins have sporadically appeared in the evolution of plants: GA transporters in Arabidopsis have evolved from sucrose transporters, while those in rice and sorghum have evolved from glucose transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minami Morii
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Akihiko Sugihara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Sayaka Takehara
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Yuri Kanno
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Kyosuke Kawai
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Tokunori Hobo
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Masako Hattori
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Hisako Yoshimura
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
| | - Mitsunori Seo
- RIKEN Center for Sustainable Resource Science, 1-7-22 Suehiro-cho, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 230-0045 Japan
| | - Miyako Ueguchi-Tanaka
- Bioscience and Biotechnology Center, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8601 Japan
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Zhang X, He L, Zhao B, Zhou S, Li Y, He H, Bai Q, Zhao W, Guo S, Liu Y, Chen J. Dwarf and Increased Branching 1 controls plant height and axillary bud outgrowth in Medicago truncatula. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2020; 71:6355-6365. [PMID: 32964922 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/eraa364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing plant architecture is an efficient approach for breeders to increase crop yields, and phytohormones such as gibberellins (GAs) play an important role in controlling growth. Medicago truncatula is a model legume species, but the molecular mechanisms underlying its architecture are largely unknown. In this study, we examined a tobacco retrotransposon Tnt1-tagged mutant collection of M. truncatula and identified dwarf and increased branching 1 (dib1), which exhibited extreme dwarfism and increased numbers of lateral branches. By analysis of the flanking sequences of Tnt1 insertions in different alleles of the tagged lines, we were able to clone DIB1. Linkage analysis and reverse screening of the flanking-sequence tags identified Medtr2g102570 as the gene corresponding to the DIB1 locus in the dib1 loss-of-function mutants. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that DIB1 was the ortholog of PsGA3ox1/Le in Pisum sativum. Expression analysis using a GUS-staining reporter line showed that DIB1 was expressed in the root apex, pods, and immature seeds. Endogenous GA4 concentrations were markedly decreased whilst some of representative GA biosynthetic enzymes were up-regulated in the dib1 mutant. In addition, exogenous application of GA3 rescued the dib1 mutant phenotypes. Overall, our results suggest that DIB1 controls plant height and axillary bud outgrowth via an influence on the biosynthesis of bioactive GAs. DIB1 could therefore be a good candidate gene for breeders to optimize plant architecture for crop improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojia Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Liangliang He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Baolin Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Shaoli Zhou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Youhan Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Hua He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Quanzi Bai
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Weiyue Zhao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Shiqi Guo
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
| | - Jianghua Chen
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan Province, China
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Sun Y, Zhang H, Fan M, He Y, Guo P. A mutation in the intron splice acceptor site of a GA3ox gene confers dwarf architecture in watermelon (Citrullus lanatus L.). Sci Rep 2020; 10:14915. [PMID: 32913219 PMCID: PMC7483442 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71861-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Dwarf architecture is an important trait associated with plant yield, lodging resistance and labor cost. Here, we aimed to identify a gene causing dwarfism in watermelon. The ‘w106’ (dwarf) and ‘Charleston Gray’ (vine) were used as parents to construct F1 and F2 progeny. Dwarf architecture of ‘w106’ was mainly caused by longitudinal cell length reduction and was controlled by a single recessive gene. Whole-genome sequencing of two parents and two bulk DNAs of F2 population localized this gene to a 2.63-Mb region on chromosome 9; this was further narrowed to a 541-kb region. Within this region, Cla015407, encoding a gibberellin 3β-hydroxylase (GA3ox), was the candidate gene. Cla015407 had a SNP mutation (G → A) in the splice acceptor site of the intron, leading to altered splicing event and generating two splicing isoforms in dwarf plants. One splicing isoform retained the intron sequences, while the other had a 13-bp deletion in the second exon of GA3ox transcript, both resulting in truncated proteins and loss of the functional Fe2OG dioxygenase domain in dwarf plants. RNA-Seq analysis indicated that expression of Cla015407 and other GA biosynthetic and metabolic genes were mostly up-regulated in the shoots of dwarf plants compared with vine plants in F2 population. Measurement of endogenous GA levels indicated that bioactive GA4 was significantly decreased in the shoots of dwarf plants. Moreover, the dwarf phenotype can be rescued by exogenous applications of GA3 or GA4+7, with the latter having a more distinct effect than the former. Subcellular localization analyses of GA3ox proteins from two parents revealed their subcellular targeting in nucleus and cytosol. Here, a GA3ox gene controlling dwarf architecture was identified, and loss function of GA3ox leads to GA4 reduction and dwarfism phenotype in watermelon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyan Sun
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Huiqing Zhang
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Min Fan
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China.
| | - Yanjun He
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
| | - Pingan Guo
- Institute of Vegetables, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou, 310021, China
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Jung YJ, Kim JH, Lee HJ, Kim DH, Yu J, Bae S, Cho YG, Kang KK. Generation and Transcriptome Profiling of Slr1-d7 and Slr1-d8 Mutant Lines with a New Semi-Dominant Dwarf Allele of SLR1 Using the CRISPR/Cas9 System in Rice. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21155492. [PMID: 32752068 PMCID: PMC7432230 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21155492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The rice SLR1 gene encodes the DELLA protein (protein with DELLA amino acid motif), and a loss-of-function mutation is dwarfed by inhibiting plant growth. We generate slr1-d mutants with a semi-dominant dwarf phenotype to target mutations of the DELLA/TVHYNP domain using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing in rice. Sixteen genetic edited lines out of 31 transgenic plants were generated. Deep sequencing results showed that the mutants had six different mutation types at the target site of the TVHYNP domain of the SLR1 gene. The homo-edited plants selected individuals without DNA (T-DNA) transcribed by segregation in the T1 generation. The slr1-d7 and slr1-d8 plants caused a gibberellin (GA)-insensitive dwarf phenotype with shrunken leaves and shortened internodes. A genome-wide gene expression analysis by RNA-seq indicated that the expression levels of two GA-related genes, GA20OX2 (Gibberellin oxidase) and GA3OX2, were increased in the edited mutant plants, suggesting that GA20OX2 acts as a convert of GA12 signaling. These mutant plants are required by altering GA responses, at least partially by a defect in the phytohormone signaling system process and prevented cell elongation. The new mutants, namely, the slr1-d7 and slr1-d8 lines, are valuable semi-dominant dwarf alleles with potential application value for molecule breeding using the CRISPR/Cas9 system in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Jin Jung
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
| | - Jong Hee Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Hyo Ju Lee
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Dong Hyun Kim
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
| | - Jihyeon Yu
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Sangsu Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (J.Y.); (S.B.)
| | - Yong-Gu Cho
- Department of Crop Science, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju 28644, Korea;
| | - Kwon Kyoo Kang
- Division of Horticultural Biotechnology, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea; (Y.J.J.); (J.H.K.); (H.J.L.); (D.H.K.)
- Institute of Genetic Engineering, Hankyong National University, Anseong 17579, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-5104
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