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Shangguan R, Hu Z, Luo Y, Chen M, Lai X, Sun J, Chen S. Intramuscular mitochondrial and lipid metabolic changes of rats after regular high-intensity interval training (HIIT) of different training periods. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:2591-2601. [PMID: 36626064 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-022-08205-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High-intensity Interval Training (HIIT) is a time-efficient form of exercise and has gained popularity in recent years. However, at molecular level, the understanding about the effects of HIIT is not comprehensive, and even less is elucidated about HIIT of different training duration cycles, although different durations always lead to different post-training consequences. METHOD In this study, by training SD rats using HIIT protocols lasting for different training duration cycles, we investigated the adaptive response of intramuscular triglyceride abundance as well as mitochondrial and lipid metabolic changes after HIIT training (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 weeks). We selected 72 h after the last session of training as the time point of sacrifice. RESULTS The suppressed activation of the cAMP-PKA pathway indicates that skeletal muscle was in the recovery phase at this time point. Intramuscular triglyceride abundance was significantly elevated after 2, 4, and 10 weeks of HIIT. However, the lipid metabolism-related proteins inconsistently changed in a chaotic trend (see Table 1). The expression levels of PGC1-α and COX IV decreased after 2 and 4 weeks of training and raised after 6 and 8 weeks of training. The expression level of citrate synthase (CS) decreased after 2, 4, 8, and 10 weeks of training, and showed an upward trend after 6 weeks of training. While the activity of CS decreased after 2 and 8 weeks of training and showed an upward trend after 6 weeks of HIIT. CONCLUSION Given the abovementioned changing trends, we propose two speculations: (A) the damaged mitochondria oxidation capacity might be one of the causes of IMTG accumulation observed after 2 and 4 weeks of HIIT. This phase might be similar to the condition of type 2 diabetes. (B) after 6-week HIIT, mitochondria function and biogenesis might be improved and the IMTG contents declined to baseline. This might be explained as: mitochondrial enhancement increased the capacity of lipid oxidation and then offset the increase in IMTG achieved during the first 4 weeks. For HIIT Rat Modelling, if the aim is to observe HIIT-induced positive effects, caution should be exercised when considering 2 and 4 weeks of training under our HIIT frame. Also, implementing six-week training is at least effective for mitochondrial enhancement when using similar HIIT frame of this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruonan Shangguan
- Department of Physical Education, Chengdu University, 610106, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Hu
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuzhen Luo
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Min Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiangdeng Lai
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Jingquan Sun
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.,Department of Physical Education, Sichuan University, 610041, Chengdu, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyu Chen
- Institute of Sports Science, Sichuan University, Section 1, Southern Frist Ring Rd, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, 610041, People's Republic of China.
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O’Neill CC, Locke EJ, Sipf DA, Thompson JH, Drebushenko EK, Berger NS, Segich BS, Kolwicz SC. The Effects of Exercise Training on Glucose Homeostasis and Muscle Metabolism in Type 1 Diabetic Female Mice. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12100948. [PMID: 36295850 PMCID: PMC9608674 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12100948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Although exercise training is an important recommendation for the management of type 1 diabetes (T1D), most of the available research studies predominantly focus on male subjects. Given the importance of sex as a biological variable, additional studies are required to improve the knowledge gap regarding sex differences in T1D research. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of exercise training in mediating changes in glucose homeostasis and skeletal muscle metabolism in T1D female mice. Female mice were injected with streptozotocin (STZ) to induce T1D. Two weeks after STZ injection, control (CON) and STZ mice were exercise trained on a treadmill for 4 weeks. Aerobic exercise training failed to improve glucose tolerance, prevent the decrease in body weight and adipose tissue mass, or attenuate muscle atrophy in T1D female mice. However, insulin sensitivity was improved in T1D female mice after exercise training. Aerobic exercise training maintained skeletal muscle triglyceride content but did not prevent depletion of skeletal muscle or liver glycogen in T1D mice. Gene expression analysis suggested that T1D resulted in decreased glucose transport, decreased ketone body oxidation, and increased fatty acid metabolism in the skeletal muscle, which was not altered by exercise training. These data demonstrate that 4 weeks of aerobic exercise training of a moderate intensity is insufficient to counteract the negative effects of T1D in female mice, but does lead to an improvement in insulin sensitivity.
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3
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Hwang J, Thurmond DC. Exocytosis Proteins: Typical and Atypical Mechanisms of Action in Skeletal Muscle. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:915509. [PMID: 35774142 PMCID: PMC9238359 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.915509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in skeletal muscle is of fundamental importance to prevent postprandial hyperglycemia, and long-term deficits in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake underlie insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Skeletal muscle is responsible for ~80% of the peripheral glucose uptake from circulation via the insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4. GLUT4 is mainly sequestered in intracellular GLUT4 storage vesicles in the basal state. In response to insulin, the GLUT4 storage vesicles rapidly translocate to the plasma membrane, where they undergo vesicle docking, priming, and fusion via the high-affinity interactions among the soluble N-ethylmaleimide sensitive factor attachment protein receptor (SNARE) exocytosis proteins and their regulators. Numerous studies have elucidated that GLUT4 translocation is defective in insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence also links defects in several SNAREs and SNARE regulatory proteins to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in rodents and humans. Therefore, we highlight the latest research on the role of SNAREs and their regulatory proteins in insulin-stimulated GLUT4 translocation in skeletal muscle. Subsequently, we discuss the novel emerging role of SNARE proteins as interaction partners in pathways not typically thought to involve SNAREs and how these atypical functions reveal novel therapeutic targets for combating peripheral insulin resistance and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Debbie C. Thurmond
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, Beckman Research Institute at City of Hope, Duarte, CA, United States
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Merz KE, Hwang J, Zhou C, Veluthakal R, McCown EM, Hamilton A, Oh E, Dai W, Fueger PT, Jiang L, Huss JM, Thurmond DC. Enrichment of the exocytosis protein STX4 in skeletal muscle remediates peripheral insulin resistance and alters mitochondrial dynamics via Drp1. Nat Commun 2022; 13:424. [PMID: 35058456 PMCID: PMC8776765 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28061-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial dysfunction is implicated in skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Syntaxin 4 (STX4) levels are reduced in human diabetic skeletal muscle, and global transgenic enrichment of STX4 expression improves insulin sensitivity in mice. Here, we show that transgenic skeletal muscle-specific STX4 enrichment (skmSTX4tg) in mice reverses established insulin resistance and improves mitochondrial function in the context of diabetogenic stress. Specifically, skmSTX4tg reversed insulin resistance caused by high-fat diet (HFD) without altering body weight or food consumption. Electron microscopy of wild-type mouse muscle revealed STX4 localisation at or proximal to the mitochondrial membrane. STX4 enrichment prevented HFD-induced mitochondrial fragmentation and dysfunction through a mechanism involving STX4-Drp1 interaction and elevated AMPK-mediated phosphorylation at Drp1 S637, which favors fusion. Our findings challenge the dogma that STX4 acts solely at the plasma membrane, revealing that STX4 localises at/proximal to and regulates the function of mitochondria in muscle. These results establish skeletal muscle STX4 enrichment as a candidate therapeutic strategy to reverse peripheral insulin resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karla E Merz
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Irell and Manella Graduate School of Biological Sciences, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Amgen, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA
| | - Jinhee Hwang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Chunxue Zhou
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Rajakrishnan Veluthakal
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Erika M McCown
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Angelica Hamilton
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Wenting Dai
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Patrick T Fueger
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Comprehensive Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Lei Jiang
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Janice M Huss
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Endocrinology, Arthur Riggs Diabetes and Metabolism Research Institute, City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA.
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Wilson KA, Chamoli M, Hilsabeck TA, Pandey M, Bansal S, Chawla G, Kapahi P. Evaluating the beneficial effects of dietary restrictions: A framework for precision nutrigeroscience. Cell Metab 2021; 33:2142-2173. [PMID: 34555343 PMCID: PMC8845500 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2021.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restriction (DR) has long been viewed as the most robust nongenetic means to extend lifespan and healthspan. Many aging-associated mechanisms are nutrient responsive, but despite the ubiquitous functions of these pathways, the benefits of DR often vary among individuals and even among tissues within an individual, challenging the aging research field. Furthermore, it is often assumed that lifespan interventions like DR will also extend healthspan, which is thus often ignored in aging studies. In this review, we provide an overview of DR as an intervention and discuss the mechanisms by which it affects lifespan and various healthspan measures. We also review studies that demonstrate exceptions to the standing paradigm of DR being beneficial, thus raising new questions that future studies must address. We detail critical factors for the proposed field of precision nutrigeroscience, which would utilize individualized treatments and predict outcomes using biomarkers based on genotype, sex, tissue, and age.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Manish Chamoli
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Tyler A Hilsabeck
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Manish Pandey
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Sakshi Bansal
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Geetanjali Chawla
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology, Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India.
| | - Pankaj Kapahi
- The Buck Institute for Research on Aging, Novato, CA 94945, USA; Leonard Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA.
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Ajiboye BO, Oyinloye BE, Owero-Ozeze OS, Okesola MA, Ekakitie IL, Ojo OA, Kappo AP. Aqueous extract of Solanum macrocarpon Linn leaves abates hyperglycaemia and expression of glucose transporters gene in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. J Endocrinol Invest 2021; 44:265-276. [PMID: 32504457 DOI: 10.1007/s40618-020-01280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE In this study, antihyperglycaemic and level of gene expression of glucose transporters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats administered aqueous extract of S. macrocarpon leaves were assessed. METHOD AND RESULTS Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal (I.P) injection of freshly prepared alloxan. The animals were divided into six groups, euthanized on the fourteenth day of the experiment and different hyperglycaemic parameters were evaluated. Administration of different doses of the plant extract significantly (p < 0.05) reduced the fasting blood glucose level, glycated haemoglobin, serum lipid profiles, lipid peroxidation, and glucose-6-phosphatase. There was a significant (p < 0.05) increase in liver glycogen content, antioxidant enzyme activities, hexokinase activity, and expression of glucose transporter genes (GLUT-2 and GLUT-4) in diabetic rats administered different doses of S. macrocarpon. CONCLUSION It can be concluded that the aqueous extract of S. macrocarpon leaves could be helpful in the management of diabetes mellitus and its metabolic complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B O Ajiboye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria.
| | - B E Oyinloye
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Biotechnology and Structural Biology (BSB) Group, Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, University of Zululand, KwaDlangezwa, 3886, South Africa
| | - O S Owero-Ozeze
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - M A Okesola
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - I L Ekakitie
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
| | - O A Ojo
- Phytomedicine, Biochemical Toxicology and Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Sciences, Afe Babalola University, Ado-Ekiti, Ekiti State, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Landmark University, Omu-Aran, Kwara State, Nigeria
| | - A P Kappo
- Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology Group, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Fiorentino TV, Monroy A, Kamath S, Sotero R, Cas MD, Daniele G, Chavez AO, Abdul-Ghani M, Hribal ML, Sesti G, Tripathy D, DeFronzo RA, Folli F. Pioglitazone corrects dysregulation of skeletal muscle mitochondrial proteins involved in ATP synthesis in type 2 diabetes. Metabolism 2021; 114:154416. [PMID: 33137378 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2020.154416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT In this study, we aimed to identify the determinants of mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle (SKLM) of subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2DM), and to evaluate the effect of pioglitazone (PIO) on SKLM mitochondrial proteome. METHODS Two different groups of adults were studied. Group I consisted of 8 individuals with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and 8 with T2DM, subjected to SKLM mitochondrial proteome analysis by 2D-gel electrophoresis followed by mass spectrometry-based protein identification. Group II included 24 individuals with NGT and 24 with T2DM, whose SKLM biopsies were subjected to immunoblot analysis. Of the 24 subjects with T2DM, 20 were randomized to receive placebo or PIO (15 mg daily) for 6 months. After 6 months of treatment, SKLM biopsy was repeated. RESULTS Mitochondrial proteomic analysis on Group I revealed that several mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative metabolism were differentially expressed between T2DM and NGT groups, with a downregulation of ATP synthase alpha chain (ATP5A), electron transfer flavoprotein alpha-subunit (ETFA), cytochrome c oxidase subunit VIb isoform 1 (CX6B1), pyruvate dehydrogenase protein X component (ODPX), dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase (DLDH), dihydrolipoamide-S-succinyltransferase (DLST), and mitofilin, and an up-regulation of hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HCDH), 3,2-trans-enoyl-CoA-isomerase (D3D2) and delta3,5-delta2,4-dienoyl-CoA-isomerase (ECH1) in T2DM as compared to NGT subjects. By immunoblot analysis on SKLM lysates obtained from Group II we confirmed that, in comparison to NGT subjects, those with T2DM exhibited lower protein levels of ATP5A (-30%, P = 0.006), ETFA (-50%, P = 0.02), CX6B1 (-30%, P = 0.03), key factors for ATP biosynthesis, and of the structural protein mitofilin (-30%, P = 0.01). T2DM was associated with a reduced abundance of the enzymes involved in the Krebs cycle DLST and ODPX (-20%, P ≤ 0.05) and increased levels of HCDH and ECH1, enzymes implicated in the fatty acid catabolism (+30%, P ≤ 0.05). In subjects with type 2 diabetes treated with PIO for 6 months we found a restored SKLM protein abundance of ATP5A, ETFA, CX6B1, and mitofilin. Moreover, protein levels of HCDH and ECH1 were reduced by -10% and - 15% respectively (P ≤ 0.05 for both) after PIO treatment. CONCLUSION Type 2 diabetes is associated with reduced levels of mitochondrial proteins involved in oxidative phosphorylation and an increased abundance of enzymes implicated in fatty acid catabolism in SKLM. PIO treatment is able to improve SKLM mitochondrial proteomic profile in subjects with T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Vanessa Fiorentino
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy; Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Adriana Monroy
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; Oncology, General Hospital of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Subash Kamath
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Rosa Sotero
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Michele Dei Cas
- Clinical Biochemistry and Mass Spectrometry Laboratory, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Daniele
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Alberto O Chavez
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Muhammad Abdul-Ghani
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Marta Letizia Hribal
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University Magna Graecia of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giorgio Sesti
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, University of Rome-Sapienza, Rome, Italy
| | - Devjit Tripathy
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Ralph A DeFronzo
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America
| | - Franco Folli
- Division of Diabetes, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, United States of America; Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Health Science, University of Milan, Diabetologia e Malattie Metaboliche, Aziende Socio Sanitarie Territoriali Santi Paolo e Carlo, Milan, Italy.
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Mondragon P, Bergdahl A. Metallothionein expression in slow- vs. fast-twitch muscle fibers following 4 weeks of streptozotocin-induced type 1 diabetes. Facets (Ott) 2018. [DOI: 10.1139/facets-2017-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is known to cause an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS) and elevated intracellular glucose levels. We investigated the metallothionein I and II (MT I+II) antioxidants expression in soleus (mainly slow-twitch) and plantaris (predominantly fast-twitch) skeletal muscle using a rodent model of streptozotocin-induced diabetes. The presence of oxidative stress was confirmed by the detection of increased levels of protein carbonyl formation in the diabetic tissues. DAB (3,3′-diaminobenzidine) immunostaining and Western blotting analyses demonstrated that MT I+II expression was significantly upregulated in the diabetic soleus and plantaris muscle tissues compared with their respective controls. Moreover, no significant difference was detected between the plantaris and soleus controls or between the plantaris and soleus diabetic tissues. These findings suggest that there is an increase in MT protein expression in the soleus and plantaris muscles associated with the induction of T1DM. A better understanding of the molecular mechanisms that allow MT to prevent the oxidative stress associated with diabetes could lead to a novel therapeutic strategy for this chronic disease and its associated complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Mondragon
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Andreas Bergdahl
- Department of Exercise Science, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke West, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
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Early energy metabolism-related molecular events in skeletal muscle of diabetic rats: The effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic. Chem Biol Interact 2017; 272:188-196. [PMID: 28483572 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Revised: 04/20/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Considering the vital role of skeletal muscle in control of whole-body metabolism and the severity of long-term diabetic complications, we aimed to reveal the molecular pattern of early diabetes-related skeletal muscle phenotype in terms of energy metabolism, focusing on regulatory mechanisms, and the possibility to improve it using two redox modulators, l-arginine and superoxide dismutase (SOD) mimic. Alloxan-induced diabetic rats (120 mg/kg) were treated with l-arginine or the highly specific SOD mimic, M40403, for 7 days. As appropriate controls, non-diabetic rats received the same treatments. We found that l-arginine and M40403 restored diabetes-induced impairment of phospho-5'-AMP-activated protein kinase α (AMPKα) signaling by upregulating AMPKα protein itself and its downstream effectors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator-1α and nuclear respiratory factor 1. Also, there was a restitution of the protein levels of oxidative phosphorylation components (complex I, complex II and complex IV) and mitofusin 2. Furthermore, l-arginine and M40403 induced translocation of glucose transporter 4 to the membrane and upregulation of protein of phosphofructokinase and acyl coenzyme A dehydrogenase, diminishing negative diabetic effects on limiting factors of glucose and lipid metabolism. Both treatments abolished diabetes-induced downregulation of sarcoplasmic reticulum calcium-ATPase proteins (SERCA 1 and 2). Similar effects of l-arginine and SOD mimic treatments suggest that disturbances in the superoxide/nitric oxide ratio may be responsible for skeletal muscle mitochondrial and metabolic impairment in early diabetes. Our results provide evidence that l-arginine and SOD mimics have potential in preventing and treating metabolic disturbances accompanying this widespread metabolic disease.
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Otasevic V, Surlan L, Vucetic M, Tulic I, Buzadzic B, Stancic A, Jankovic A, Velickovic K, Golic I, Markelic M, Korac A, Korac B. Expression patterns of mitochondrial OXPHOS components, mitofusin 1 and dynamin-related protein 1 are associated with human embryo fragmentation. Reprod Fertil Dev 2017; 28:319-27. [PMID: 25033890 DOI: 10.1071/rd13415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Developmental dysfunction in embryos, such as a lethal level of fragmentation, is assumed to be mitochondrial in origin. This study investigated the molecular basis of mitochondrial impairment in embryo fragmentation. Transcription patterns of factors that determine mitochondrial functionality: (i) components of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) - complex I, cytochrome b, complex IV and ATP synthase; (ii) mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP); (iii) mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) content and (iv) proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics, mitofusin 1 (Mfn1) and dynamin related protein 1 (Drp1) were examined in six-cells Day 3 non-fragmented (control), low-fragmented (LF) and high-fragmented (HF) human embryos. Gene expression of mitochondria-encoded components of complex I and IV, cytochrome b and mtDNA were increased in HF embryos compared with control and LF embryos. In LF embryos, expression of these molecules was decreased compared with control and HF embryos. Both classes of fragmented embryos had decreased MMP compared with control. LF embryos had increased gene expression of Mfn1 accompanied by decreased expression of Drp1, while HF embryos had decreased Mfn1 expression but increased Drp1 expression. The study revealed that each improper transcriptional (in)activation of mitochondria-encoded components of the OXPHOS during early in vitro embryo development is associated with a decrease in MMP and with embryo fragmentation. The results also showed the importance of mitochondrial dynamics in fragmentation, at least in the extent of this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vesna Otasevic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Lela Surlan
- The Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Vucetic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivan Tulic
- The Clinic of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Koste Todorovica 26, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Biljana Buzadzic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Stancic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Jankovic
- University of Belgrade, Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ksenija Velickovic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Electron Microscopy, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Golic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Electron Microscopy, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milica Markelic
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Electron Microscopy, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Aleksandra Korac
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Biology and Centre for Electron Microscopy, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bato Korac
- University of Belgrade, Department of Physiology, Institute for Biological Research 'Sinisa Stankovic', Bulevar despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
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11
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Cook GA, Lavrentyev EN, Pham K, Park EA. Streptozotocin diabetes increases mRNA expression of ketogenic enzymes in the rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2016; 1861:307-312. [PMID: 27845231 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2016.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetic cardiomyopathy develops in insulin-dependent diabetic patients who have no hypertension, cardiac hypertrophy or vascular disease. Diabetes increases cardiac fatty acid oxidation, but cardiac hypertrophy limits fatty acid oxidation. Here we examined effects of diabetes on gene expression in rat hearts. METHODS We used oligonucleotide microarrays to examine effects of insulindependent diabetes in the rat heart. RTQ PCR confirmed results of microarrays. Specific antibodies were used to examine changes in the mitochondrial 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2). RESULTS A surprising result of diabetes was increased mRNA encoding all enzymes of the ketone body synthesis pathway. Increased mRNA expression for these enzymes was confirmed by RTQ PCR. The mRNA encoding HMGCS2, the rate-controlling enzyme, was 27 times greater in diabetic hearts. Total HMGCS2 protein increased 8-fold in diabetic hearts, but no difference was found in HMGCS2 protein in control vs. diabetic liver. CONCLUSIONS Insulin-dependent diabetes induced the enzymes of ketone body synthesis in the heart, including HMGCS2, as well as increasing enzymes of fatty acid oxidation. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The mammalian heart does not export ketone bodies to other tissues, but rather is a major consumer of ketone bodies. Induction of HMGCS2, which is normally expressed only in the fetal and newborn heart, may indicate an adaptation by the heart to combat "metabolic inflexibility" by shifting the flux of excess intramitochondrial acetyl-CoA derived from elevated fatty acid oxidation into ketone bodies, liberating free CoA to balance the acetyl-CoA/CoA ratio in favor of increased glucose oxidation through the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- George A Cook
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States.
| | - Eduard N Lavrentyev
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States
| | - Kevin Pham
- Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States
| | - Edwards A Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, The University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, United States; Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 1030 Jefferson Avenue, Memphis, TN 38104, United States
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12
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Zabielski P, Lanza IR, Gopala S, Heppelmann CJH, Bergen HR, Dasari S, Nair KS. Altered Skeletal Muscle Mitochondrial Proteome As the Basis of Disruption of Mitochondrial Function in Diabetic Mice. Diabetes 2016; 65:561-73. [PMID: 26718503 PMCID: PMC4764144 DOI: 10.2337/db15-0823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Insulin plays pivotal role in cellular fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle. Despite being the primary site of energy metabolism, the underlying mechanism on how insulin deficiency deranges skeletal muscle mitochondrial physiology remains to be fully understood. Here we report an important link between altered skeletal muscle proteome homeostasis and mitochondrial physiology during insulin deficiency. Deprivation of insulin in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice decreased mitochondrial ATP production, reduced coupling and phosphorylation efficiency, and increased oxidant emission in skeletal muscle. Proteomic survey revealed that the mitochondrial derangements during insulin deficiency were related to increased mitochondrial protein degradation and decreased protein synthesis, resulting in reduced abundance of proteins involved in mitochondrial respiration and β-oxidation. However, a paradoxical upregulation of proteins involved in cellular uptake of fatty acids triggered an accumulation of incomplete fatty acid oxidation products in skeletal muscle. These data implicate a mismatch of β-oxidation and fatty acid uptake as a mechanism leading to increased oxidative stress in diabetes. This notion was supported by elevated oxidative stress in cultured myotubes exposed to palmitate in the presence of a β-oxidation inhibitor. Together, these results indicate that insulin deficiency alters the balance of proteins involved in fatty acid transport and oxidation in skeletal muscle, leading to impaired mitochondrial function and increased oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Zabielski
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Ian R Lanza
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Srinivas Gopala
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | | | - H Robert Bergen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - Surendra Dasari
- Division of Biomedical Statistics and Informatics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
| | - K Sreekumaran Nair
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Metabolism, and Nutrition, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, MN
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13
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Pujia A, Gazzaruso C, Ferro Y, Mazza E, Maurotti S, Russo C, Lazzaro V, Romeo S, Montalcini T. Individuals with Metabolically Healthy Overweight/Obesity Have Higher Fat Utilization than Metabolically Unhealthy Individuals. Nutrients 2016; 8:E2. [PMID: 26742056 PMCID: PMC4728616 DOI: 10.3390/nu8010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Revised: 12/04/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms underlying the change in phenotype from metabolically healthy to metabolically unhealthy obesity are still unclear. The aim of this study is to investigate whether a difference in fasting fat utilization exists between overweight/obese individuals with a favorable cardiovascular risk profile and those with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, we sought to explore whether there is an association between fasting fat utilization and insulin resistance. In this cross-sectional study, 172 overweight/obese individuals underwent a nutritional assessment. Those with fasting glucose ≥ 126 mg/dL or antidiabetic treatment were considered to be diabetics. If at least three of the NCEP criteria were present, they had Metabolic Syndrome, while those with less criteria were considered to be healthy overweight/obese. An indirect calorimetry was performed to estimate Respiratory Quotient, an index of nutrient utilization. A lower Respiratory Quotient (i.e., higher fat utilization) was found in healthy overweight/obese individuals than in those with Metabolic Syndrome and Type 2 diabetes (0.85 ± 0.05; 0.87 ± 0.06; 0.88 ± 0.05 respectively, p = 0.04). The univariate and multivariable analysis showed a positive association between the Respiratory Quotient and HOMA-IR (slope in statistic (B) = 0.004; β = 0.42; p = 0.005; 95% Confidence interval = 0.001-0.006). In this study, we find, for the first time, that the fasting Respiratory Quotient is significantly lower (fat utilization is higher) in individuals who are metabolically healthy overweight/obese than in those with metabolically unhealthy obesity. In addition, we demonstrated the association between fat utilization and HOMA-IR, an insulin resistance index.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arturo Pujia
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | | | - Yvelise Ferro
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Elisa Mazza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Samantha Maurotti
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Cristina Russo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Veronica Lazzaro
- Department of Health Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
| | - Stefano Romeo
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg 40530, Sweden.
| | - Tiziana Montalcini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Science, University Magna Grecia, Catanzaro 88100, Italy.
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Oh E, Miller RA, Thurmond DC. Syntaxin 4 Overexpression Ameliorates Effects of Aging and High-Fat Diet on Glucose Control and Extends Lifespan. Cell Metab 2015; 22:499-507. [PMID: 26331606 PMCID: PMC4560841 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Indirect evidence suggests that improved insulin sensitivity may contribute to improved lifespan of mice in which aging has been slowed by mutations, drugs, or dietary means, even in stocks of mice that do not show signs of late-life diabetes. Peripheral responses to insulin can be augmented by overexpression of Syntaxin 4 (Syn4), a plasma-membrane-localized SNARE protein. We show here that Syn4 transgenic (Tg) mice with high level expression of Syn4 had a significant extension of lifespan (33% increase in median) and showed increased peripheral insulin sensitivity, even at ages where controls exhibited age-related insulin resistance. Moreover, skeletal muscle GLUT4 and islet insulin granule exocytosis processes were fully protected in Syn4 Tg mice challenged with a high-fat diet. Hence, high-level expressing Syn4 Tg mice may exert better glycemic control, which slows multiple aspects of aging and extends lifespan, even in non-diabetic mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjin Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
| | - Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA.
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15
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Thurmond DC, Oh E, Miller RA. Potential Site Effects and Transgene Expression Discrepancies in Mouse Lifespan Studies. Cell Metab 2015; 22:346-7. [PMID: 26331599 PMCID: PMC4768787 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.07.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 07/13/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Debbie C Thurmond
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA.
| | - Eunjin Oh
- Department of Pediatrics, Herman B Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Richard A Miller
- Department of Pathology and Geriatrics Center, University of Michigan School of Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI 48109-2200, USA
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16
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Regulation of hepatic carbohydrate metabolism by Selenium during diabetes. Chem Biol Interact 2015; 232:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2015.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Revised: 02/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/23/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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The Constitutive Activation of Egr-1/C/EBPa Mediates the Development of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus by Enhancing Hepatic Gluconeogenesis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2015; 185:513-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2014.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2014] [Revised: 09/28/2014] [Accepted: 10/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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18
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Al-Khalili L, de Castro Barbosa T, Ostling J, Massart J, Cuesta PG, Osler ME, Katayama M, Nyström AC, Oscarsson J, Zierath JR. Proteasome inhibition in skeletal muscle cells unmasks metabolic derangements in type 2 diabetes. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C774-87. [PMID: 25143351 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00110.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2-D DIGE)-based proteome analysis has revealed intrinsic insulin resistance in myotubes derived from type 2 diabetic patients. Using 2-D DIGE-based proteome analysis, we identified a subset of insulin-resistant proteins involved in protein turnover in skeletal muscle of type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting aberrant regulation of the protein homeostasis maintenance system underlying metabolic disease. We then validated the role of the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) in myotubes to investigate whether impaired proteasome function may lead to metabolic arrest or insulin resistance. Myotubes derived from muscle biopsies obtained from people with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) or type 2 diabetes were exposed to the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib (BZ; Velcade) without or with insulin. BZ exposure increased protein carbonylation and lactate production yet impaired protein synthesis and UPS function in myotubes from type 2 diabetic patients, marking the existence of an insulin-resistant signature that was retained in cultured myotubes. In conclusion, BZ treatment further exacerbates insulin resistance and unmasks intrinsic features of metabolic disease in myotubes derived from type 2 diabetic patients. Our results highlight the existence of a confounding inherent abnormality in cellular protein dynamics in metabolic disease, which is uncovered through concurrent inhibition of the proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubna Al-Khalili
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jörgen Ostling
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden; and
| | - Julie Massart
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Pablo Garrido Cuesta
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Functional Biology, Physiology Area, University of Oviedo, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Megan E Osler
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mutsumi Katayama
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Jan Oscarsson
- AstraZeneca Research and Development, Mölndal, Sweden; and
| | - Juleen R Zierath
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden;
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19
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Al-Khalili L, de Castro Barbosa T, Östling J, Massart J, Katayama M, Nyström AC, Oscarsson J, Zierath JR. Profiling of human myotubes reveals an intrinsic proteomic signature associated with type 2 diabetes. TRANSLATIONAL PROTEOMICS 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trprot.2013.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
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20
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Liu Z, Li Q, Huang J, Liang Q, Yan Y, Lin H, Xiao W, Lin Y, Zhang S, Tan B, Luo G. Proteomic analysis of the inhibitory effect of epigallocatechin gallate on lipid accumulation in human HepG2 cells. Proteome Sci 2013; 11:32. [PMID: 23866759 PMCID: PMC3723827 DOI: 10.1186/1477-5956-11-32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Accepted: 07/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Background (−)-Epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin found in green tea, effectively reduces body weight and tissue and blood lipid accumulation. To explore the mechanism by which EGCG inhibits cellular lipid accumulation in free fatty acid (FFA) induced HepG2 cell culture, we investigated the proteome change of FFA-induced HepG2 cells exposed to EGCG using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry. Results In this study, 36 protein spots showed a significant change in intensity by more than 1.5-fold from the control group to the FFA group and from the FFA group to the FFA + EGCG group. Among them, 24 spots were excised from gels and identified by LC-MS/MS. In total, 18 proteins were successfully identified. All identified proteins were involved in lipid metabolism, glycometabolism, antioxidant defense, respiration, cytoskeleton organization, signal transduction, DNA repair, mRNA processing, iron storage, or were chaperone proteins. This indicated that these physiological processes may play roles in the mechanism of inhibition of lipid accumulation by EGCG in FFA-induced HepG2 cells. Western blotting analysis was used to verify the expression levels of differentially expressed proteins, which agree with the proteomic results. Conclusions From the proteomic analysis, we hypothesized that EGCG reduced cellular lipid accumulation in FFA-induced HepG2 cells through the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) resulting from the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The induction of ROS may be a result of EGCG regulation of the antioxidant defense system. Activation of AMPK shifted some FFA toward oxidation, away from lipid and triglyceride storage, and suppressed hepatic gluconeogenesis. The findings of this study improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms of inhibition of lipid accumulation by EGCG in HepG2 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhonghua Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University and Key Laboratory of Biological Organic Phosphorus and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China.,Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qin Li
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China.,National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Jianan Huang
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Innovation and Utilization and Key Laboratory of Tea Science, Ministry of Education, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Qionglin Liang
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University and Key Laboratory of Biological Organic Phosphorus and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
| | - Yujun Yan
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Haiyan Lin
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Wenjun Xiao
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Yong Lin
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Bin Tan
- National Research Center of Engineering & Technology for Utilization of Botanical Functional Ingredients, Changsha, Hunan 410128, China
| | - Guoan Luo
- Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University and Key Laboratory of Biological Organic Phosphorus and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100084, China
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Teichert J, Tuemmers T, Achenbach H, Preiss C, Hermann R, Ruus P, Preiss R. Pharmacokinetics of Alpha-Lipoic Acid in Subjects With Severe Kidney Damage and End-Stage Renal Disease. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 45:313-28. [PMID: 15703366 DOI: 10.1177/0091270004270792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In an open-label, parallel-group study involving 16 patients (8 with severely reduced renal function, 8 with end-stage renal disease needing hemodialysis), the effect of renal function on the pharmacokinetics, metabolism, and safety and of alpha-lipoic acid (thioctic acid) was evaluated by comparing the pharmacokinetic parameters with those of a reference group of 8 healthy subjects. Alpha-lipoic acid 600 mg was administered orally once daily for 4 days, and the pharmacokinetic parameters were measured on days 1 and 4. The mean percentage of the administered dose excreted in urine as parent compound was 0.2 and 0.05 in healthy subjects and subjects with severely reduced renal function, respectively. Assuming a bioavailability of 30%, this represents 0.67% and 0.17% of the bioavailable amount of alpha-lipoic acid, respectively. The percentage of total urinary recovered amounts of alpha-lipoic acid and 5 of its metabolites was 12.0 on both days. The respective values for patients with severe kidney damage were 5.2% (day 1) and 6.4% (day 4). The total percentage of the administered dose removed by hemodialysis was 4.0 in patients with end-stage renal disease. Renal clearance of alpha-lipoic acid and its major metabolites, 6,8-bismethylthio-octanoic acid, 4,6-bismethylthio-hexanoic acid and 2,4-bismethylthio-butanoic acid, were significantly decreased in subjects with kidney damage compared to the reference group. Apparent total clearance of alpha-lipoic acid was poorly correlated with creatinine clearance. There is strong evidence that alpha-lipoic acid is mainly excreted by nonrenal mechanism or further degraded to smaller units in the catabolic process. The significantly increased area under the curve values of 4,6-bismethylthio-hexanoic acid and half-lives of 2,4-bismethylthio-butanoic acid on both days in patients with severely reduced function and end-stage renal disease were not considered to be clinically relevant. Although trough levels of both metabolites tend to increase slightly in these subjects, no accumulation effects were detected. We conclude that the pharmacokinetics of alpha-lipoic acid are not influenced by creatinine clearance and are unaffected in subjects with severely reduced kidney function or end-stage renal disease. Hemodialysis did not significantly contribute to the clearance of alpha-lipoic acid. Hence, dose adjustment of alpha-lipoic acid is not necessary in patients with renal dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Teichert
- University of Leipzig, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Härtelstr. 16-18, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Sales V, Patti ME. The Ups and Downs of Insulin Resistance and Type 2 Diabetes: Lessons from Genomic Analyses in Humans. CURRENT CARDIOVASCULAR RISK REPORTS 2012; 7:46-59. [PMID: 23459395 DOI: 10.1007/s12170-012-0283-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
We are in the midst of a worldwide epidemic of type 2 diabetes (T2D) and obesity. Understanding the mechanisms underlying these diseases is critical if we are to halt their progression and ultimately prevent their development. The advent and widespread implementation of microarray technology has allowed analysis of small samples of human skeletal muscle, adipose, liver, pancreas and blood. While patterns differ in each tissue, several dominant themes have emerged from these studies, including altered expression of genes indicating increased inflammation and altered lipid and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and insulin signaling in patients with T2D, and in some cases, in those at risk for disease. Unraveling which changes in gene expression are primary, and which are secondary to an insulin resistant or diabetes metabolic milieu remains a scientific challenge but we are one step closer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vicencia Sales
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Department of Medicine, Harvard Medical School ; Department of Biophysics, Federal University of São Paulo, UNIFESP/EPM, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
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23
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Oleksiak MF, Crawford DL. The relationship between phenotypic and environmental variation: do physiological responses reduce interindividual differences? Physiol Biochem Zool 2012; 85:572-84. [PMID: 23099455 DOI: 10.1086/666904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
What is the effect of a variable environment on phenotypic variation? Does the physiological response to a new environment increase or decrease the differences among individuals? We provide a speculative hypothesis suggesting that the induction of a physiological response to environmental change minimizes phenotypic differences among individuals in outbred genetically variable populations. Although this suggestion runs counter to the general idea that environmental variation induces phenotypic variation, we provide evidence that this is not always the case. One explanation for this counterintuitive hypothesis is that in a variable environment, the physiological mechanism that maintains homeostasis changes the concentrations of active transcription factors (TFs). This change in TFs reduces the effectiveness of nucleotide polymorphisms in TF binding sites and thus reduces the variation among individuals in mRNA expression and in the phenotypes affected by these mRNA transcripts. Thus, there are fewer differences among individuals in a variable environment compared with the variation observed in a constant environment. Our conjecture is that the physiological mechanisms that maintain homeostasis in response to environmental variation canalize phenotypic variation. If our hypothesis is correct, then the physiological canalization of gene expression in a variable environment hides genetic variation and thereby reduces the evolutionary costs of polymorphism. This hypothesis provides a new perspective on the mechanisms by which high levels of genetic variation can persist in real-world populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie F Oleksiak
- Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, Florida 33149, USA
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Taurino F, Stanca E, Siculella L, Trentadue R, Papa S, Zanotti F, Gnoni A. Mitochondrial proteome analysis reveals depression of the Ndufs3 subunit and activity of complex I in diabetic rat brain. J Proteomics 2012; 75:2331-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2012.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2011] [Revised: 01/26/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Fu L, Liu X, Niu Y, Yuan H, Zhang N, Lavi E. Effects of high-fat diet and regular aerobic exercise on global gene expression in skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice. Metabolism 2012; 61:146-52. [PMID: 21820135 DOI: 10.1016/j.metabol.2011.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2010] [Revised: 05/26/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2011] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Exercise training may decrease insulin resistance (IR) and increase glucose tolerance. However, the adaptive responses in skeletal muscle at the molecular and genetic level have not been clearly understood. Here we used oligonucleotide microarray analysis to dissect the effects of high-fat diet (HFD) and regular aerobic exercise on global gene expression in the skeletal muscle of C57BL/6 mice. C57BL/6 male mice (n = 40) were fed with normal chow (n = 20) and HFD (n = 20) for 8 weeks. The animals were then divided into 1 of 4 intervention groups: groups of mice fed with normal chow and HFD accompanied with 6-week treadmill running (60 min/d) at 75% maximum oxygen consumption (NE and HE) and their sedentary control groups (NC and HC). Oligonucleotide microarray was applied to analyze the effect of aerobic exercise and HFD at the transcriptional level, and selected genes were confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Our data showed that 6 weeks of aerobic exercise improved the plasma lipid profile and reversed the glucose intolerance induced by HFD. A set of 503 genes was differentially expressed in samples of HC mice as compared with those of the NC group. Forty of those genes were identified as involved in the process of aerobic exercise ameliorating IR by comparing the changes in expression profiles between the HE and HC groups. These changes include genes involved in metabolism, defense, and inflammation and genes of unknown function. Aerobic exercise training is able to ameliorate IR of mice maintained with HFD. The biochemical pathways involved in ameliorating IR identified in this study may represent potential targets for the treatment of IR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Fu
- Department of Rehabilitation and Sports Medicine, Tianjin Medical University, Heping District, Tianjin 300070, China.
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Li P, Zhao Y, Wu X, Xia M, Fang M, Iwasaki Y, Sha J, Chen Q, Xu Y, Shen A. Interferon gamma (IFN-γ) disrupts energy expenditure and metabolic homeostasis by suppressing SIRT1 transcription. Nucleic Acids Res 2011; 40:1609-20. [PMID: 22064865 PMCID: PMC3287208 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkr984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammation impairs metabolic homeostasis and is intimately correlated with the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. The pro-inflammatory cytokine IFN-γ is an integral part of the metabolic inflammation circuit and contributes significantly to metabolic dysfunction. The underlying mechanism, however, remains largely unknown. In the present study, we report that IFN-γ disrupts the expression of genes key to cellular metabolism and energy expenditure by repressing the expression and activity of SIRT1 at the transcription level. Further analysis reveals that IFN-γ requires class II transactivator (CIITA) to repress SIRT1 transcription. CIITA, once induced by IFN-γ, is recruited to the SIRT1 promoter by hypermethylated in cancer 1 (HIC1) and promotes down-regulation of SIRT1 transcription via active deacetylation of core histones surrounding the SIRT1 proximal promoter. Silencing CIITA or HIC1 restores SIRT1 activity and expression of metabolic genes in skeletal muscle cells challenged with IFN-γ. Therefore, our data delineate an IFN-γ/HIC1/CIITA axis that contributes to metabolic dysfunction by suppressing SIRT1 transcription in skeletal muscle cells and as such shed new light on the development of novel therapeutic strategies against type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine and Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Disease,The Second Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Chen KH, Cheng ML, Jing YH, Chiu DTY, Shiao MS, Chen JK. Resveratrol ameliorates metabolic disorders and muscle wasting in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2011; 301:E853-63. [PMID: 21791624 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00048.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is characterized by dysregulated energy metabolism. Resveratrol (RSV) has been shown to ameliorate hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia in diabetic animals. However, its overall in vivo effects on energy metabolism and the underlying mechanism require further investigation. In the present study, electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry was employed to characterize the urine and plasma metabolomes of control, streptozotocin-induced DM and RSV-treated DM rats. Using principal component analysis (PCA) and heat map analysis, we discovered significant differences among control and experimental groups. RSV treatment significantly reduced the metabolic abnormalities in DM rats. Compared with the age-matched control rats, the level of carnitine was lower, and the levels of acetylcarnitine and butyrylcarnitine were higher in the urine and plasma of DM rats. RSV treatment ameliorated the deranged carnitine metabolism in DM rats. In addition, RSV treatment attenuated the diabetic ketoacidosis and muscle protein degradation, as evidenced from the attenuation of elevated urinary methyl-histidine and plasma branched-chain amino acids levels in DM rats. The beneficial effects of RSV in DM rats were correlated with activation of hepatic AMP-activated protein kinase and SIRT1 expression, increase of hepatic and muscular mitochondrial biogenesis and inhibition of muscle NF-κB activities. We concluded that RSV possesses multiple beneficial metabolic effects in insulin-deficient DM rats, particularly in improving energy metabolism and reducing protein wasting.
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MESH Headings
- Adenylate Kinase/genetics
- Adenylate Kinase/metabolism
- Animals
- Antioxidants/pharmacology
- Antioxidants/therapeutic use
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/chemically induced
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/complications
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/drug therapy
- Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental/genetics
- Drug Evaluation, Preclinical
- Male
- Metabolic Diseases/etiology
- Metabolic Diseases/genetics
- Metabolic Diseases/metabolism
- Metabolic Diseases/prevention & control
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Skeletal/drug effects
- Muscle, Skeletal/metabolism
- Muscle, Skeletal/pathology
- Muscular Diseases/etiology
- Muscular Diseases/genetics
- Muscular Diseases/metabolism
- Muscular Diseases/prevention & control
- NF-kappa B/genetics
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Rats
- Rats, Sprague-Dawley
- Resveratrol
- Sirtuin 1/genetics
- Sirtuin 1/metabolism
- Stilbenes/pharmacology
- Stilbenes/therapeutic use
- Streptozocin
- Wasting Syndrome/etiology
- Wasting Syndrome/genetics
- Wasting Syndrome/metabolism
- Wasting Syndrome/prevention & control
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Hsing Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, Chang Gung University, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan
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Willsky GR, Chi LH, Godzala M, Kostyniak PJ, Smee JJ, Trujillo AM, Alfano JA, Ding W, Hu Z, Crans DC. Anti-diabetic effects of a series of vanadium dipicolinate complexes in rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Coord Chem Rev 2011; 255:2258-2269. [PMID: 23049138 PMCID: PMC3461829 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2011.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 169] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of oral treatment of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes with a range of vanadium dipicolinate complexes (Vdipic) and derivatives are reviewed. Structure-reactivity relationships are explored aiming to correlate properties such as stability, to their insulin-enhancing effects. Three types of modifications are investigated; first, substitutions on the aromatic ring, second, coordination of a hydroxylamido group to the vanadium, and third, changes in the oxidation state of the vanadium ion. These studies allowed us to address the importance of coordination chemistry, and redox chemistry, as modes of action. Dipicolinate was originally chosen as a ligand because the dipicolinatooxovanadium(V) complex (V5dipic), is a potent inhibitor of phosphatases. The effect of vanadium oxidation state (3, 4 or 5), on the insulin-enhancing properties was studied in both the Vdipic and VdipicCl series. Effects on blood glucose, body weight, serum lipids, alkaline phosphatase and aspartate transaminase were selectively monitored. Statistically distinct differences in activity were found, however, the trends observed were not the same in the Vdipic and VdipicCl series. Interperitoneal administration of the Vdipic series was used to compare the effect of administration mode. Correlations were observed for blood vanadium and plasma glucose levels after V5dipic treatment, but not after treatment with corresponding V4dipic and V3dipic complexes. Modifications of the aromatic ring structure with chloride, amine or hydroxyl groups had limited effects. Global gene expression was measured using Affymetrix oligonucleotide chips. All diabetic animals treated with hydroxyl substituted V5dipic (V5dipicOH) and some diabetic rats treated with vanadyl sulfate had normalized hyperlipidemia yet uncontrolled hyperglycemia and showed abnormal gene expression patterns. In contrast to the normal gene expression profiles previously reported for some diabetic rats treated with vanadyl sulfate, where both hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia were normalized. Modification of the metal, changing the coordination chemistry to form a hydroxylamine ternary complex, had the most influence on the anti-diabetic action. Vanadium absorption into serum was determined by atomic absorption spectroscopy for selected vanadium complexes. Only diabetic rats treated with the ternary V5dipicOH hydroxylamine complex showed statistically significant increases in accumulation of vanadium into serum compared to diabetic rats treated with vanadyl sulfate. The chemistry and physical properties of the Vdipic complexes correlated with their anti-diabetic properties. Here, we propose that compound stability and ability to interact with cellular redox reactions are key components for the insulin-enhancing activity of vanadium compounds. Specifically, we found that the most overall effective anti-diabetic Vdipic compounds were obtained when the compound administered had an increased coordination number in the vanadium complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gail R. Willsky
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Lai-Har Chi
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Michael Godzala
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Paul J. Kostyniak
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Jason J. Smee
- Present Address: Dept of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Tyler, Tyler TX, USA
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO, USA
| | | | - Josephine A. Alfano
- University at Buffalo, School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Buffalo, NY USA
| | - Wenjin Ding
- College of Life Sciences, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Zihua Hu
- University at Buffalo, Center for Computational Research, Buffalo NY USA
| | - Debbie C. Crans
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins CO, USA
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Pihlajamäki J, Lerin C, Itkonen P, Boes T, Floss T, Schroeder J, Dearie F, Crunkhorn S, Burak F, Jimenez-Chillaron JC, Kuulasmaa T, Miettinen P, Park PJ, Nasser I, Zhao Z, Zhang Z, Xu Y, Wurst W, Ren H, Morris AJ, Stamm S, Goldfine AB, Laakso M, Patti ME. Expression of the splicing factor gene SFRS10 is reduced in human obesity and contributes to enhanced lipogenesis. Cell Metab 2011; 14:208-18. [PMID: 21803291 PMCID: PMC3167228 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2011.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2010] [Revised: 11/24/2010] [Accepted: 06/02/2011] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Alternative mRNA splicing provides transcript diversity and may contribute to human disease. We demonstrate that expression of several genes regulating RNA processing is decreased in both liver and skeletal muscle of obese humans. We evaluated a representative splicing factor, SFRS10, downregulated in both obese human liver and muscle and in high-fat-fed mice, and determined metabolic impact of reduced expression. SFRS10-specific siRNA induces lipogenesis and lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Moreover, Sfrs10 heterozygous mice have increased hepatic lipogenic gene expression, VLDL secretion, and plasma triglycerides. We demonstrate that LPIN1, a key regulator of lipid metabolism, is a splicing target of SFRS10; reduced SFRS10 favors the lipogenic β isoform of LPIN1. Importantly, LPIN1β-specific siRNA abolished lipogenic effects of decreased SFRS10 expression. Together, our results indicate that reduced expression of SFRS10, as observed in tissues from obese humans, alters LPIN1 splicing, induces lipogenesis, and therefore contributes to metabolic phenotypes associated with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jussi Pihlajamäki
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
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Jin W, Goldfine AB, Boes T, Henry RR, Ciaraldi TP, Kim EY, Emecan M, Fitzpatrick C, Sen A, Shah A, Mun E, Vokes V, Schroeder J, Tatro E, Jimenez-Chillaron J, Patti ME. Increased SRF transcriptional activity in human and mouse skeletal muscle is a signature of insulin resistance. J Clin Invest 2011; 121:918-29. [PMID: 21393865 DOI: 10.1172/jci41940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Accepted: 12/22/2010] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is a key phenotype associated with type 2 diabetes (T2D) for which the molecular mediators remain unclear. We therefore conducted an expression analysis of human muscle biopsies from patients with T2D; normoglycemic but insulin-resistant subjects with a parental family history (FH(+)) of T2D; and family history-negative control individuals (FH(–)). Actin cytoskeleton genes regulated by serum response factor (SRF) and its coactivator megakaryoblastic leukemia 1 (MKL1) had increased expression in T2D and FH(+) groups. Furthermore, striated muscle activator of Rho signaling (STARS), an activator of SRF, was upregulated in T2D and FH(+) and was inversely correlated with insulin sensitivity. Skeletal muscle from insulin-resistant mice recapitulated this gene expression pattern and showed reduced G-actin and increased nuclear localization of MKL1, each of which regulates SRF activity. Overexpression of MKL1 or reduction in G-actin decreased insulin-stimulated Akt phosphorylation, whereas reduction of STARS expression increased insulin signaling and glucose uptake. Pharmacological SRF inhibition by CCG-1423 reduced nuclear MKL1 and improved glucose uptake and tolerance in insulin-resistant mice in vivo. Thus, SRF pathway alterations are linked to insulin resistance, may contribute to T2D pathogenesis, and could represent therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wanzhu Jin
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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31
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Expression pattern of thermogenesis-related factors in interscapular brown adipose tissue of alloxan-treated rats: Beneficial effect of l-arginine. Nitric Oxide 2010; 23:42-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2010.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2010] [Accepted: 04/02/2010] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
The pathophysiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM) is varied and complex. However, the association of DM with obesity and inactivity indicates an important, and potentially pathogenic, link between fuel and energy homeostasis and the emergence of metabolic disease. Given the central role for mitochondria in fuel utilization and energy production, disordered mitochondrial function at the cellular level can impact whole-body metabolic homeostasis. Thus, the hypothesis that defective or insufficient mitochondrial function might play a potentially pathogenic role in mediating risk of type 2 DM has emerged in recent years. Here, we summarize current literature on risk factors for diabetes pathogenesis, on the specific role(s) of mitochondria in tissues involved in its pathophysiology, and on evidence pointing to alterations in mitochondrial function in these tissues that could contribute to the development of DM. We also review literature on metabolic phenotypes of existing animal models of impaired mitochondrial function. We conclude that, whereas the association between impaired mitochondrial function and DM is strong, a causal pathogenic relationship remains uncertain. However, we hypothesize that genetically determined and/or inactivity-mediated alterations in mitochondrial oxidative activity may directly impact adaptive responses to overnutrition, causing an imbalance between oxidative activity and nutrient load. This imbalance may lead in turn to chronic accumulation of lipid oxidative metabolites that can mediate insulin resistance and secretory dysfunction. More refined experimental strategies that accurately mimic potential reductions in mitochondrial functional capacity in humans at risk for diabetes will be required to determine the potential pathogenic role in human insulin resistance and type 2 DM.
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33
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Morsy MD, Hassan WN, Zalat SI. Improvement of renal oxidative stress markers after ozone administration in diabetic nephropathy in rats. Diabetol Metab Syndr 2010; 2:29. [PMID: 20465785 PMCID: PMC2880015 DOI: 10.1186/1758-5996-2-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2009] [Accepted: 05/13/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several complications of diabetes mellitus (DM) e.g. nephropathy (DN) have been linked to oxidative stress. Ozone, by means of oxidative preconditioning, may exert its protective effects on DN. AIM The aim of the present work is to study the possible role of ozone therapy in ameliorating oxidative stress and inducing renal antioxidant defence in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. METHODS Six groups (n = 10) of male Sprague Dawley rats were used as follows: Group C: Control group. Group O: Ozone group, in which animals received ozone intraperitoneally (i.p.) (1.1 mg/kg). Group D: Diabetic group, in which DM was induced by single i.p. injections of streptozotocin (STZ). Group DI: Similar to group D but animals also received subcutaneous (SC) insulin (0.75 IU/100 gm BW.). Group DO: In which diabetic rats received the same dose of ozone, 48 h after induction of diabetes. Group DIO, in which diabetic rats received the same doses of insulin and ozone, respectively. All animals received daily treatment for six weeks. At the end of the study period (6 weeks), blood pressure, blood glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), serum creatinine, blood urea nitrogen (BUN), kidney tissue levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxide (GPx), aldose reductase (AR) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration were measured. RESULTS Induction of DM in rats significantly elevated blood pressure, HbA1c, BUN, creatinine and renal tissue levels of MDA and AR while significantly reducing SOD, CAT and GPx activities. Either Insulin or ozone therapy significantly reversed the effects of DM on all parameters; in combination (DIO group), they caused significant improvements in all parameters in comparison to each alone. CONCLUSIONS Ozone administration in conjunction with insulin in DM rats reduces oxidative stress markers and improves renal antioxidant enzyme activity which highlights its potential uses in the regimen for treatment of diabetic patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed D Morsy
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Waleed N Hassan
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
| | - Sherif I Zalat
- Department of Anesthesia, College of Medicine, Menoufiya University, Egypt
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Ogunmoyole T, Rocha J, Okoronkwo A, Kade I. Altered pH homeostasis modulates the glutathione peroxidase mimics and other antioxidant properties of diphenyl diselenide. Chem Biol Interact 2009; 182:106-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2009] [Revised: 08/28/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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35
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Muoio DM. Intramuscular triacylglycerol and insulin resistance: guilty as charged or wrongly accused? Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2009; 1801:281-8. [PMID: 19958841 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2009.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2009] [Revised: 11/20/2009] [Accepted: 11/20/2009] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The term lipotoxicity elicits visions of steatotic liver, fat laden skeletal muscles and engorged lipid droplets that spawn a number of potentially harmful intermediates that can wreak havoc on signal transduction and organ function. Prominent among these so-called lipotoxic mediators are signaling molecules such as long chain acyl-CoAs, ceramides and diacyglycerols; each of which is thought to engage serine kinases that disrupt the insulin signaling cascade, thereby causing insulin resistance. Defects in skeletal muscle fat oxidation have been implicated as a driving factor contributing to systemic lipid imbalance, whereas exercise-induced enhancement of oxidative potential is considered protective. The past decade of diabetes research has focused heavily on the foregoing scenario, and indeed the model is grounded in strong experimental evidence, albeit largely correlative. This review centers on mechanisms that connect lipid surplus to insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, as well as those that underlie the antilipotoxic actions of exercise. Emphasis is placed on recent studies that challenge accepted paradigms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Muoio
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center and Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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36
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Yang YL, Xiang RL, Yang C, Liu XJ, Shen WJ, Zuo J, Chang YS, Fang FD. Gene expression profile of human skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of Chinese Han patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. BIOMEDICAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES : BES 2009; 22:359-368. [PMID: 20163059 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-3988(10)60012-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the differential patterns of gene expression in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and healthy subjects using DNA microarray analysis. METHODS T2DM patiens were divided into female group, young male group and old male group. DNA microarray analysis and quantitative real-time PCR were carried out to analyze the relation between gene expressions and T2DM. RESULTS The mRNA expression of 298, 578, and 350 genes was changed in the skeletal muscle of diabetes mellitus patients compared with control subjects. The 1320, 1143, and 2847 genes were modified in adipose tissue of the three groups. Among the genes surveyed, the change of 25 and 39 gene transcripts in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue was > or = 2 folds. These differentially expressed genes were classified into 15 categories according to their functions. CONCLUSION New genes are found and T2DM can be prevented or cured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Li Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College & Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Kade I, Nogueira C, Rocha J. Diphenyl diselenide and streptozotocin did not alter cerebral glutamatergic and cholinergic systems but modulate antioxidant status and sodium pump in diabetic rats. Brain Res 2009; 1284:202-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2009.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2008] [Revised: 03/31/2009] [Accepted: 04/02/2009] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Benter IF, Benboubetra M, Hollins AJ, Yousif MHM, Canatan H, Akhtar S. Early inhibition of EGFR signaling prevents diabetes-induced up-regulation of multiple gene pathways in the mesenteric vasculature. Vascul Pharmacol 2009; 51:236-45. [PMID: 19577003 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2008] [Revised: 06/12/2009] [Accepted: 06/23/2009] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is associated with vascular complications including an impairment of vascular function and alterations in the reactivity of blood vessels to vasoactive hormones. However, the signaling mechanisms leading to vascular dysfunction in diabetes are not fully understood. This microarray-based study was designed to identify differential gene expression between the normal and diabetic mesenteric vasculature and to investigate the effect of inhibiting epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling on global gene expression in the mesenteric bed of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats. Transcriptome analysis was performed in triplicate using oligonucleotide microarrays housing 10,000 rat genes on the mesenteric bed of normal, diabetic, and diabetic rats treated with AG1478, a selective inhibitor of EGFR. Four weeks of diabetes led to a profound alteration in gene expression within the mesenteric bed with 1167 of the 3074 annotated genes being up-regulated and 141 genes down-regulated by at least 2-fold. The up-regulated gene ontologies included receptor tyrosine kinases, G-protein coupled receptors and ion channel activity. In particular, significant overexpressions of colipase, phospholipase A2, carboxypeptidases, and receptor tyrosine kinases such as EGFR, erbB2 and fibroblast growth factor receptor were observed in diabetes mesenteric vasculature. A 4-week intraperitoneal treatment of diabetic animals with AG1478 (1.2 mg/kg/alt diem) beginning on the same day as STZ injection prevented up-regulation of the majority (approximately 95%) of the genes associated with STZ diabetes including those apparently "unrelated" to the known EGFR pathway without correction of hyperglycemia. These results suggest that activation of EGFR signaling is a key initiating step that leads to induction of multiple signaling pathways in the development of diabetes-induced vascular dysfunction. Thus, therapeutic targeting of EGFR may represent a novel strategy for the prevention and/or treatment of vascular dysfunction in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim F Benter
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Safat, Kuwait.
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Haidara MA, Mikhailidis DP, Rateb MA, Ahmed ZA, Yassin HZ, Ibrahim IM, Rashed LA. Evaluation of the effect of oxidative stress and vitamin E supplementation on renal function in rats with streptozotocin-induced Type 1 diabetes. J Diabetes Complications 2009; 23:130-6. [PMID: 18436458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2008.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2007] [Revised: 02/09/2008] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED We investigated the possible role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) on renal function in experimental diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Seven groups of male rats were studied. Group I consisted of control animals. Diabetes was induced (by streptozotocin) in the animals in the other groups and they received either insulin or vitamin E (300 or 600 mg/kg), both insulin and vitamin E, or no treatment for 4 weeks. At the end of the study, blood pressure was measured and parameters of kidney function and oxidative stress were evaluated in serum and kidney tissue samples. RESULTS Diabetic animals had higher blood pressures; increased serum glucose, urea, creatinine, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP); increased kidney tissue levels of malondialdehyde and inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS); and reduced serum glutathione peroxidase when compared with control animals. Blood glucose levels in diabetic animals were controlled by insulin and not by any dose of vitamin E alone. However, all other measured parameters improved towards control levels with either insulin or vitamin E in either dose. An additive beneficial effect was observed on the levels of iNOS and cGMP when both forms of treatment were used in diabetic animals. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that ROS may play an important role in diabetes-induced nephropathy in this rat model. Vitamin E supplementation in addition to insulin can have additive protective effects against deterioration of renal function in this model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Haidara
- Physiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Abstract
Gene expression changes in neuropsychiatric and neurodegenerative disorders, and gene responses to therapeutic drugs, provide new ways to identify central nervous system (CNS) targets for drug discovery. This review summarizes gene and pathway targets replicated in expression profiling of human postmortem brain, animal models, and cell culture studies. Analysis of isolated human neurons implicates targets for Alzheimer's disease and the cognitive decline associated with normal aging and mild cognitive impairment. In addition to tau, amyloid-beta precursor protein, and amyloid-beta peptides (Abeta), these targets include all three high-affinity neurotrophin receptors and the fibroblast growth factor (FGF) system, synapse markers, glutamate receptors (GluRs) and transporters, and dopamine (DA) receptors, particularly the D2 subtype. Gene-based candidates for Parkinson's disease (PD) include the ubiquitin-proteosome system, scavengers of reactive oxygen species, brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), its receptor, TrkB, and downstream target early growth response 1, Nurr-1, and signaling through protein kinase C and RAS pathways. Increasing variability and decreases in brain mRNA production from middle age to old age suggest that cognitive impairments during normal aging may be addressed by drugs that restore antioxidant, DNA repair, and synaptic functions including those of DA to levels of younger adults. Studies in schizophrenia identify robust decreases in genes for GABA function, including glutamic acid decarboxylase, HINT1, glutamate transport and GluRs, BDNF and TrkB, numerous 14-3-3 protein family members, and decreases in genes for CNS synaptic and metabolic functions, particularly glycolysis and ATP generation. Many of these metabolic genes are increased by insulin and muscarinic agonism, both of which are therapeutic in psychosis. Differential genomic signals are relatively sparse in bipolar disorder, but include deficiencies in the expression of 14-3-3 protein members, implicating these chaperone proteins and the neurotransmitter pathways they support as possible drug targets. Brains from persons with major depressive disorder reveal decreased expression for genes in glutamate transport and metabolism, neurotrophic signaling (eg, FGF, BDNF and VGF), and MAP kinase pathways. Increases in these pathways in the brains of animals exposed to electroconvulsive shock and antidepressant treatments identify neurotrophic and angiogenic growth factors and second messenger stimulation as therapeutic approaches for the treatment of depression.
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Hiromura M, Adachi Y, Machida M, Hattori M, Sakurai H. Glucose lowering activity by oral administration of bis(allixinato)oxidovanadium(iv) complex in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and gene expression profiling in their skeletal muscles. Metallomics 2009. [DOI: 10.1039/b815384c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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Altar CA, Hunt RA, Jurata LW, Webster MJ, Derby E, Gallagher P, Lemire A, Brockman J, Laeng P. Insulin, IGF-1, and muscarinic agonists modulate schizophrenia-associated genes in human neuroblastoma cells. Biol Psychiatry 2008; 64:1077-87. [PMID: 18973876 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2008.08.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2007] [Revised: 08/20/2008] [Accepted: 08/20/2008] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genes associated with energy metabolism are decreased in schizophrenia brain and human and rodent diabetic skeletal muscle. These and other similarities between diabetes and schizophrenia suggest that an insulin signaling deficit may underlie schizophrenia. We determined with human SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma and astrocyte cell lines whether insulin or other molecules could modulate genes opposite to their change reported in schizophrenia brain. METHODS Both cell lines were treated with insulin, insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1, IGF-2, or brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF). Genes whose expression was found with microarrays to be changed by insulin in a reciprocal manner to their change in schizophrenia were used in a 16-gene miniarray to identify small molecules that might mimic insulin. RESULTS Insulin phosphorylated its receptor in the neuroblastoma cells but not in astrocytes and, like IGF-1, increased ERK1/2 and Akt phosphorylation. Insulin and IGF-1 increased the expression of genes decreased in schizophrenia, including those involved in mitochondrial functions, glucose and energy metabolism, hydrogen ion transport, and synaptic function. These gene effects were confirmed and shown to be dose related with the 16-gene miniarrays. Most of 1940 pharmacologically unique compounds failed to alter gene expression, with the exception of muscarinic agonists, which mimicked insulin and IGF-1, and which were blocked by the muscarinic antagonists atropine and telenzepine. CONCLUSIONS Stimulation of muscarinic and insulin/IGF-1 receptors alter genes associated with metabolic and synaptic functions in a manner reciprocal to their changes in schizophrenia. Pharmacologic activation of these receptors may normalize genomic alterations in schizophrenia and better address root causes of this disease.
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Isshiki K, He Z, Maeno Y, Ma RC, Yasuda Y, Kuroki T, White GS, Patti ME, Weir GC, King GL. Insulin regulates SOCS2 expression and the mitogenic effect of IGF-1 in mesangial cells. Kidney Int 2008; 74:1434-43. [PMID: 19008912 DOI: 10.1038/ki.2008.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Renal hypertrophy and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins are consistent findings in diabetic nephropathy and these processes can be halted or reversed by euglycemic control. Using DNA microarray analysis of glomerular RNA from control and diabetic rats we found that the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF-1R) were increased while those of suppressor of cytokine signaling 2 (SOCS2) and STAT5 were decreased. All of these changes were normalized by islet cell transplantation. Overexpression of SOCS2 in rat mesangial cells inhibited IGF-1-induced activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase, which subsequently reduced type IV collagen and DNA synthesis, an effect due to interaction of SOCS2 with IGF-1R. Inhibition of SOCS2 overexpression by small interfering RNA suppressed IGF-1R-mediated actions by preventing phosphorylation of tyrosine 317 in the p66Shc adaptor protein; however, overexpression of either SOCS1 or SOCS3 did not affect IGF-1R signaling. Insulin directly increased STAT5 and SOCS2 expression in mesangial cells. This study shows that insulin can inhibit the mitogenic action of IGF-1 in mesangial cells by regulating STAT5/SOCS2 expression. Insulin deficiency may contribute to the mesangial expansion found in diabetes through reduced STAT5/SOCS2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiji Isshiki
- Research Division, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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Kade IJ, Borges VC, Savegnago L, Ibukun EO, Zeni G, Nogueira CW, Rocha JBT. Effect of oral administration of diphenyl diselenide on antioxidant status, and activity of delta aminolevulinic acid dehydratase and isoforms of lactate dehydrogenase, in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Cell Biol Toxicol 2008; 25:415-24. [DOI: 10.1007/s10565-008-9095-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2007] [Accepted: 06/17/2008] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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Bergman BC, Cornier MA, Horton TJ, Bessesen DH, Eckel RH. Skeletal muscle munc18c and syntaxin 4 in human obesity. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2008; 5:21. [PMID: 18652694 PMCID: PMC2515313 DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-5-21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Animal and cell culture data suggest a critical role for Munc18c and Syntaxin 4 proteins in insulin mediated glucose transport in skeletal muscle, but no studies have been published in humans. Methods We investigated the effect of a 12 vs. 48 hr fast on insulin action and skeletal muscle Munc18c and Syntaxin 4 protein in lean and obese subjects. Healthy lean (n = 14; age = 28.0 +/- 1.4 yr; BMI = 22.8 +/- 0.42 kg/m2) and obese subjects (n = 11; age = 34.6 +/- 2.3 yr; BMI = 36.1 +/- 1.5 kg/m2) were studied twice following a 12 and 48 hr fast. Skeletal muscle biopsies were obtained before a 3 hr 40 mU/m2/min hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp with [6,6-2H2]glucose infusion. Results Glucose rate of disappearance (Rd) during the clamp was lower in obese vs. lean subjects after the 12 hr fast (obese: 6.25 +/- 0.67 vs. lean: 9.42 +/- 1.1 mg/kgFFM/min, p = 0.007), and decreased significantly in both groups after the 48 hr fast (obese 3.49 +/- 0.31 vs. lean: 3.91 +/- 0.42 mg/kgFFM/min, p = 0.002). Munc18c content was not significantly different between lean and obese subjects after the 12 hour fast, and decreased after the 48 hr fast in both groups (p = 0.013). Syntaxin 4 content was not altered by obesity or fasting duration. There was a strong positive relationship between plasma glucose concentration and Munc18c content in lean and obese subjects during both 12 and 48 hr fasts (R2 = 0.447, p = 0.0015). Significant negative relationships were also found between Munc18c and FFA (p = 0.041), beta-hydroxybutyrate (p = 0.039), and skeletal muscle AKT content (p = 0.035) in lean and obese subjects. Conclusion These data indicate Munc18c and Syntaxin 4 are present in human skeletal muscle. Munc18c content was not significantly different between lean and obese subjects, and is therefore unlikely to explain obesity-induced insulin resistance. Munc18c content decreased after prolonged fasting in lean and obese subjects concurrently with reduced insulin action. These data suggest changes in Munc18c content in skeletal muscle are associated with short-term changes in insulin action in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryan C Bergman
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA.
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Kivelä R, Silvennoinen M, Lehti M, Jalava S, Vihko V, Kainulainen H. Exercise-induced expression of angiogenic growth factors in skeletal muscle and in capillaries of healthy and diabetic mice. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2008; 7:13. [PMID: 18452614 PMCID: PMC2386864 DOI: 10.1186/1475-2840-7-13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2008] [Accepted: 05/01/2008] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Diabetes has negative, and exercise training positive, effects on the skeletal muscle vasculature, but the mechanisms are not yet fully understood. In the present experiment the effects of running exercise on the mRNA expression of pro- and antiangiogenic factors were studied in healthy and diabetic skeletal muscle. The responses in capillaries and muscle fibers, collected from the muscle with laser capture microdissection, were also studied separately. Methods Healthy and streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice were divided into sedentary and exercise groups. Exercise was a single bout of 1 h running on a treadmill. Gastrocnemius muscles were harvested 3 h and 6 h post exercise, and angiogenesis-related gene expressions were analyzed with real-time PCR. In addition to muscle homogenates, capillaries and muscle fibers were collected from the muscle with laser capture microdissection method and analyzed for vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) and thrombospondin-1 (TSP-1) mRNA expression. Results Of the proangiogenic factors, VEGF-A and VEGF receptor-2 (VEGFR-2) mRNA expression increased significantly (P < 0.05) in healthy skeletal muscle 6 h post exercise. VEGF-B also showed a similar trend (P = 0.08). No significant change was observed post exercise in diabetic muscles in the expression of VEGF-A, VEGFR-2 or VEGF-B. The expression of angiogenesis inhibitor TSP-1 and angiogenic extracellular matrix protein Cyr61 were significantly increased in diabetic muscles (P < 0.05–0.01). Capillary mRNA expression resembled that in the muscle homogenates, however, the responses were greater in capillaries compared to muscle homogenates and pure muscle fibers. Conclusion The present study is the first to report the effects of a single bout of exercise on the expression of pro- and antiangiogenic factors in diabetic skeletal muscle, and it provides novel data about the separate responses in capillaries and muscle fibers to exercise and diabetes. Diabetic mice seem to have lower angiogenic responses to exercise compared to healthy mice, and they show markedly increased expression of angiogenesis inhibitor TSP-1. Furthermore, exercise-induced VEGF-A expression was shown to be greater in capillaries than in muscle fibers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riikka Kivelä
- LIKES Research Center for Sport and Health Sciences, Rautpohjankatu 8a, 40700 Jyväskylä, Finland.
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Xie X, Li S, Liu S, Lu Y, Shen P, Ji J. Proteomic analysis of mouse islets after multiple low-dose streptozotocin injection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2008; 1784:276-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2007.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2007] [Revised: 10/21/2007] [Accepted: 11/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Muoio DM, Koves TR. Skeletal muscle adaptation to fatty acid depends on coordinated actions of the PPARs and PGC1 alpha: implications for metabolic disease. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2008; 32:874-83. [PMID: 18059612 DOI: 10.1139/h07-083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Dyslipidemia and intramuscular accumulation of fatty acid metabolites are increasingly recognized as core features of obesity and type 2 diabetes. Emerging evidence suggests that normal physiological adaptations to a heavy lipid load depend on the coordinated actions of broad transcriptional regulators such as the peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) and PPAR gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1 alpha). The application of transcriptomics and targeted metabolic profiling tools based on mass spectrometry has led to our finding that lipid-induced insulin resistance is a condition in which upregulation of PPAR-targeted genes and high rates of beta-oxidation are not supported by a commensurate upregulation of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle activity. In contrast, exercise training enhances mitochondrial performance, favoring tighter coupling between beta-oxidation and the TCA cycle, and concomitantly restores insulin sensitivity in animals fed a chronic high-fat diet. The exercise-activated transcriptional coactivator, PGC1 alpha, plays a key role in coordinating metabolic flux through these 2 intersecting metabolic pathways, and its suppression by overfeeding may contribute to diet-induced mitochondrial dysfunction. Our emerging model predicts that muscle insulin resistance arises from a mitochondrial disconnect between beta-oxidation and TCA cycle activity. Understanding of this "disconnect" and its molecular basis may lead to new therapeutic approaches to combatting metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deborah M Muoio
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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Koves TR, Ussher JR, Noland RC, Slentz D, Mosedale M, Ilkayeva O, Bain J, Stevens R, Dyck JRB, Newgard CB, Lopaschuk GD, Muoio DM. Mitochondrial overload and incomplete fatty acid oxidation contribute to skeletal muscle insulin resistance. Cell Metab 2008; 7:45-56. [PMID: 18177724 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2007.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1440] [Impact Index Per Article: 90.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2007] [Revised: 07/27/2007] [Accepted: 10/23/2007] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Previous studies have suggested that insulin resistance develops secondary to diminished fat oxidation and resultant accumulation of cytosolic lipid molecules that impair insulin signaling. Contrary to this model, the present study used targeted metabolomics to find that obesity-related insulin resistance in skeletal muscle is characterized by excessive beta-oxidation, impaired switching to carbohydrate substrate during the fasted-to-fed transition, and coincident depletion of organic acid intermediates of the tricarboxylic acid cycle. In cultured myotubes, lipid-induced insulin resistance was prevented by manipulations that restrict fatty acid uptake into mitochondria. These results were recapitulated in mice lacking malonyl-CoA decarboxylase (MCD), an enzyme that promotes mitochondrial beta-oxidation by relieving malonyl-CoA-mediated inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1. Thus, mcd(-/-) mice exhibit reduced rates of fat catabolism and resist diet-induced glucose intolerance despite high intramuscular levels of long-chain acyl-CoAs. These findings reveal a strong connection between skeletal muscle insulin resistance and lipid-induced mitochondrial stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy R Koves
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC 27710, USA
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Maassen JA. Do we inherit or acquire mitochondrial dysfunction in the metabolic syndrome and Type 2 diabetes? Expert Rev Endocrinol Metab 2007; 2:599-606. [PMID: 30736122 DOI: 10.1586/17446651.2.5.599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The rapid increase in the incidence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus as part of the metabolic syndrome in our current societies is largely the result of an increased caloric intake in combination with a sedentary lifestyle. Mitochondria are the organelles within our body that oxidize the constituents of our food, furthermore, they provide the energy for physical activity. An imbalance between energy supply and energy consumption at the mitochondrial level may be at the basis of the current epidemics of Type 2 diabetes. This review discusses underlying pathogenic mechanisms. In particular, it will focus on the contribution of mitochondrial dysfunction in muscle and adipose tissue and the issue to what extent genetic factors are primary determinants for a mitochondrial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A Maassen
- a Leiden University Medical Centre, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, PO Box 9600, Postal Zone S01-P, 2300RC Leiden, The Netherlands.
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