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Chu L, Zhuang J, Geng M, Zhang Y, Zhu J, Zhang C, Schnittger A, Yi B, Yang C. ASYNAPSIS3 has diverse dosage-dependent effects on meiotic crossover formation in Brassica napus. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:3838-3856. [PMID: 39047149 PMCID: PMC11371185 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2024] [Revised: 06/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Crossovers create genetic diversity and are required for equal chromosome segregation during meiosis. Crossover number and distribution are highly regulated by different mechanisms that are not yet fully understood, including crossover interference. The chromosome axis is crucial for crossover formation. Here, we explore the function of the axis protein ASYNAPSIS3. To this end, we use the allotetraploid species Brassica napus; due to its polyploid nature, this system allows a fine-grained dissection of the dosage of meiotic regulators. The simultaneous mutation of all 4 ASY3 alleles results in defective synapsis and drastic reduction of crossovers, which is largely rescued by the presence of only one functional ASY3 allele. Crucially, while the number of class I crossovers in mutants with 2 functional ASY3 alleles is comparable to that in wild type, this number is significantly increased in mutants with only one functional ASY3 allele, indicating that reducing ASY3 dosage increases crossover formation. Moreover, the class I crossovers on each bivalent in mutants with 1 functional ASY3 allele follow a random distribution, indicating compromised crossover interference. These results reveal the distinct dosage-dependent effects of ASY3 on crossover formation and provide insights into the role of the chromosome axis in patterning recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Chu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jixin Zhuang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Miaowei Geng
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yashi Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jing Zhu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chunyu Zhang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Arp Schnittger
- Department of Developmental Biology, Institute of Plant Science and Microbiology, University of Hamburg, Hamburg 22609, Germany
| | - Bin Yi
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Chao Yang
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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2
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Dubois E, Boisnard S, Bourbon HM, Yefsah K, Budin K, Debuchy R, Zhang L, Kleckner N, Zickler D, Espagne E. Canonical and noncanonical roles of Hop1 are crucial for meiotic prophase in the fungus Sordaria macrospora. PLoS Biol 2024; 22:e3002705. [PMID: 38950075 PMCID: PMC11244814 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2023] [Revised: 07/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/07/2024] [Indexed: 07/03/2024] Open
Abstract
We show here that in the fungus Sordaria macrospora, the meiosis-specific HORMA-domain protein Hop1 is not essential for the basic early events of chromosome axis development, recombination initiation, or recombination-mediated homolog coalignment/pairing. In striking contrast, Hop1 plays a critical role at the leptotene/zygotene transition which is defined by transition from pairing to synaptonemal complex (SC) formation. During this transition, Hop1 is required for maintenance of normal axis structure, formation of SC from telomere to telomere, and development of recombination foci. These hop1Δ mutant defects are DSB dependent and require Sme4/Zip1-mediated progression of the interhomolog interaction program, potentially via a pre-SC role. The same phenotype occurs not only in hop1Δ but also in absence of the cohesin Rec8 and in spo76-1, a non-null mutant of cohesin-associated Spo76/Pds5. Thus, Hop1 and cohesins collaborate at this crucial step of meiotic prophase. In addition, analysis of 4 non-null mutants that lack this transition defect reveals that Hop1 also plays important roles in modulation of axis length, homolog-axis juxtaposition, interlock resolution, and spreading of the crossover interference signal. Finally, unexpected variations in crossover density point to the existence of effects that both enhance and limit crossover formation. Links to previously described roles of the protein in other organisms are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emeline Dubois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisnard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Henri-Marc Bourbon
- Centre de Biologie Intégrative, Molecular, Cellular & Developmental Biology Unit, Université Fédérale de Toulouse, Toulouse, France
| | - Kenza Yefsah
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karine Budin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Denise Zickler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Espagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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3
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Jones G, Kleckner N, Zickler D. Meiosis through three centuries. Chromosoma 2024; 133:93-115. [PMID: 38730132 PMCID: PMC11180163 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-024-00822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Meiosis is the specialized cellular program that underlies gamete formation for sexual reproduction. It is therefore not only interesting but also a fundamentally important subject for investigation. An especially attractive feature of this program is that many of the processes of special interest involve organized chromosomes, thus providing the possibility to see chromosomes "in action". Analysis of meiosis has also proven to be useful in discovering and understanding processes that are universal to all chromosomal programs. Here we provide an overview of the different historical moments when the gap between observation and understanding of mechanisms and/or roles for the new discovered molecules was bridged. This review reflects also the synergy of thinking and discussion among our three laboratories during the past several decades.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gareth Jones
- School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA.
| | - Denise Zickler
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Centre National de La Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, 91198, Gif-Sur-Yvette, France
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4
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Nozaki T, Weiner B, Kleckner N. Rapid Homolog Juxtaposition During Meiotic Chromosome Pairing. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.23.586418. [PMID: 38586034 PMCID: PMC10996542 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.23.586418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
A central basic feature of meiosis is pairing of homologous maternal and paternal chromosomes ("homologs") intimately along their lengths. Recognition between homologs and their juxtaposition in space are mediated by axis-associated DNA recombination complexes. Additional effects ensure that pairing occurs without ultimately giving entanglements among unrelated chromosomes. Here we examine the process of homolog juxtaposition in real time by 4D fluorescence imaging of tagged chromosomal loci at high spatio-temporal resolution in budding yeast. We discover that corresponding loci start coming together from a quite large distance (∼1.8 µm) and progress to completion of pairing in a very short time, usually less than six minutes (thus, "rapid homolog juxtaposition" or "RHJ"). Juxtaposition initiates by motion-mediated extension of a nascent interhomolog DNA linkage, raising the possibility of a tension-mediated trigger. In a first transition, homolog loci move rapidly together (in ∼30 sec, at speeds of up to ∼60 nm/sec) into a discrete intermediate state corresponding to canonical ∼400 nm axis distance coalignment. Then, after a short pause, crossover/noncrossover differentiation (crossover interference) mediates a second short, rapid transition that brings homologs even closer together. If synaptonemal complex (SC) component Zip1 is present, this transition concomitantly gives final close pairing by axis juxtaposition at ∼100 nm, the "SC distance". We also find that: (i) RHJ occurs after chromosomes acquire their prophase chromosome organization; (ii) is nearly synchronously over thirds (or more) of chromosome lengths; but (iii) is asynchronous throughout the genome. Furthermore, cytoskeleton-mediated movement is important for the timing and distance of RHJ onset and also for ensuring normal progression. Potential implications for local and global aspects of pairing are discussed.
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5
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Chen L, Weir JR. The molecular machinery of meiotic recombination. Biochem Soc Trans 2024; 52:379-393. [PMID: 38348856 PMCID: PMC10903461 DOI: 10.1042/bst20230712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2023] [Revised: 01/15/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination, a cornerstone of eukaryotic diversity and individual genetic identity, is essential for the creation of physical linkages between homologous chromosomes, facilitating their faithful segregation during meiosis I. This process requires that germ cells generate controlled DNA lesions within their own genome that are subsequently repaired in a specialised manner. Repair of these DNA breaks involves the modulation of existing homologous recombination repair pathways to generate crossovers between homologous chromosomes. Decades of genetic and cytological studies have identified a multitude of factors that are involved in meiotic recombination. Recent work has started to provide additional mechanistic insights into how these factors interact with one another, with DNA, and provide the molecular outcomes required for a successful meiosis. Here, we provide a review of the recent developments with a focus on protein structures and protein-protein interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Chen
- Structural Biochemistry of Meiosis Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory, Max-Planck-Ring 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - John R Weir
- Structural Biochemistry of Meiosis Group, Friedrich Miescher Laboratory, Max-Planck-Ring 9, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
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6
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Abstract
The raison d'être of meiosis is shuffling of genetic information via Mendelian segregation and, within individual chromosomes, by DNA crossing-over. These outcomes are enabled by a complex cellular program in which interactions between homologous chromosomes play a central role. We first provide a background regarding the basic principles of this program. We then summarize the current understanding of the DNA events of recombination and of three processes that involve whole chromosomes: homolog pairing, crossover interference, and chiasma maturation. All of these processes are implemented by direct physical interaction of recombination complexes with underlying chromosome structures. Finally, we present convergent lines of evidence that the meiotic program may have evolved by coupling of this interaction to late-stage mitotic chromosome morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denise Zickler
- Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Sud, Université Paris-Saclay, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA;
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7
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Draeger TN, Rey MD, Hayta S, Smedley M, Alabdullah AK, Moore G, Martín AC. ZIP4 is required for normal progression of synapsis and for over 95% of crossovers in wheat meiosis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1189998. [PMID: 37324713 PMCID: PMC10266424 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1189998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Tetraploid (AABB) and hexaploid (AABBDD) wheat have multiple sets of similar chromosomes, with successful meiosis and preservation of fertility relying on synapsis and crossover (CO) formation only taking place between homologous chromosomes. In hexaploid wheat, the major meiotic gene TaZIP4-B2 (Ph1) on chromosome 5B, promotes CO formation between homologous chromosomes, whilst suppressing COs between homeologous (related) chromosomes. In other species, ZIP4 mutations eliminate approximately 85% of COs, consistent with loss of the class I CO pathway. Tetraploid wheat has three ZIP4 copies: TtZIP4-A1 on chromosome 3A, TtZIP4-B1 on 3B and TtZIP4-B2 on 5B. Here, we have developed single, double and triple zip4 TILLING mutants and a CRISPR Ttzip4-B2 mutant, to determine the effect of ZIP4 genes on synapsis and CO formation in the tetraploid wheat cultivar 'Kronos'. We show that disruption of two ZIP4 gene copies in Ttzip4-A1B1 double mutants, results in a 76-78% reduction in COs when compared to wild-type plants. Moreover, when all three copies are disrupted in Ttzip4-A1B1B2 triple mutants, COs are reduced by over 95%, suggesting that the TtZIP4-B2 copy may also affect class II COs. If this is the case, the class I and class II CO pathways may be interlinked in wheat. When ZIP4 duplicated and diverged from chromosome 3B on wheat polyploidization, the new 5B copy, TaZIP4-B2, could have acquired an additional function to stabilize both CO pathways. In tetraploid plants deficient in all three ZIP4 copies, synapsis is delayed and does not complete, consistent with our previous studies in hexaploid wheat, when a similar delay in synapsis was observed in a 59.3 Mb deletion mutant, ph1b, encompassing the TaZIP4-B2 gene on chromosome 5B. These findings confirm the requirement of ZIP4-B2 for efficient synapsis, and suggest that TtZIP4 genes have a stronger effect on synapsis than previously described in Arabidopsis and rice. Thus, ZIP4-B2 in wheat accounts for the two major phenotypes reported for Ph1, promotion of homologous synapsis and suppression of homeologous COs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - María-Dolores Rey
- Agroforestry and Plant Biochemistry, Proteomics and Systems Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Spain
| | - Sadiye Hayta
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Mark Smedley
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | | | - Graham Moore
- John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Azahara C. Martín
- Department of Plant Genetic Improvement, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Córdoba, Spain
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8
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Shinohara M, Shinohara A. The Msh5 complex shows homeostatic localization in response to DNA double-strand breaks in yeast meiosis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170689. [PMID: 37274743 PMCID: PMC10232913 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossing over is essential for the segregation of homologous chromosomes. The formation and distribution of meiotic crossovers (COs), which are initiated by the formation of double-strand break (DSB), are tightly regulated to ensure at least one CO per bivalent. One type of CO control, CO homeostasis, maintains a consistent level of COs despite fluctuations in DSB numbers. Here, we analyzed the localization of proteins involved in meiotic recombination in budding yeast xrs2 hypomorphic mutants which show different levels of DSBs. The number of cytological foci with recombinases, Rad51 and Dmc1, which mark single-stranded DNAs at DSB sites is proportional to the DSB numbers. Among the pro-CO factor, ZMM/SIC proteins, the focus number of Zip3, Mer3, or Spo22/Zip4, was linearly proportional to reduced DSBs in the xrs2 mutant. In contrast, foci of Msh5, a component of the MutSγ complex, showed a non-linear response to reduced DSBs. We also confirmed the homeostatic response of COs by genetic analysis of meiotic recombination in the xrs2 mutants and found a chromosome-specific homeostatic response of COs. Our study suggests that the homeostatic response of the Msh5 assembly to reduced DSBs was genetically distinct from that of the Zip3 assembly for CO control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miki Shinohara
- Department of Advanced Bioscience, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
- Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara, Japan
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
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9
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Mu N, Li Y, Li S, Shi W, Shen Y, Yang H, Zhang F, Tang D, Du G, You A, Cheng Z. MUS81 is required for atypical recombination intermediate resolution but not crossover designation in rice. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2023; 237:2422-2434. [PMID: 36495065 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The endonuclease methyl methanesulfonate and UV-sensitive protein 81 (MUS81) has been reported to participate in DNA repair during mitosis and meiosis. However, the exact meiotic function of MUS81 in rice remains unclear. Here, we use a combination of physiological, cytological, and genetic approaches to provide evidence that MUS81 functions in atypical recombination intermediate resolution rather than crossover designation in rice. Cytological and genetic analysis revealed that the total chiasma numbers in mus81 mutants were indistinguishable from wild-type. The numbers of HEI10 foci (the sites of interference-sensitive crossovers) in mus81 were also similar to that of wild-type. Moreover, disruption of MUS81 in msh5 or msh4 msh5 background did not further decrease chiasmata frequency, suggesting that rice MUS81 did not function in crossover designation. Mutation of FANCM and ZEP1 could enhance recombination frequency. Unexpectedly, chromosome fragments and bridges were frequently observed in mus81 zep1 and mus81 fancm, illustrating that MUS81 may resolve atypical recombination intermediates. Taken together, our data suggest that MUS81 contributes little to crossover designation but plays a crucial role in the resolution of atypical meiotic intermediates by working together with other anti-crossover factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Mu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Sanhe Li
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Wenqing Shi
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Han Yang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Fanfan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Regulation Biology of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, 100875, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
| | - Aiqing You
- Institute of Food Crops, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan, 430064, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, 225009, Yangzhou, China
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101, Beijing, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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10
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Joint control of meiotic crossover patterning by the synaptonemal complex and HEI10 dosage. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5999. [PMID: 36224180 PMCID: PMC9556546 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33472-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Meiotic crossovers are limited in number and are prevented from occurring close to each other by crossover interference. In many species, crossover number is subject to sexual dimorphism, and a lower crossover number is associated with shorter chromosome axes lengths. How this patterning is imposed remains poorly understood. Here, we show that overexpression of the Arabidopsis pro-crossover protein HEI10 increases crossovers but maintains some interference and sexual dimorphism. Disrupting the synaptonemal complex by mutating ZYP1 also leads to an increase in crossovers but, in contrast, abolishes interference and disrupts the link between chromosome axis length and crossovers. Crucially, combining HEI10 overexpression and zyp1 mutation leads to a massive and unprecedented increase in crossovers. These observations support and can be predicted by, a recently proposed model in which HEI10 diffusion along the synaptonemal complex drives a coarsening process leading to well-spaced crossover-promoting foci, providing a mechanism for crossover patterning. During meiosis, the number and distribution of crossovers (COs) are tightly controlled, but the mechanistic basis of this control is unclear. Here, by combining experimental data and mathematical modeling, the study advocates a CO patterning model via coarsening through the diffusion of HEI10 along the synaptonemal complex.
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11
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Shang Y, Huang J, Li W, Zhang Y, Zhou X, Shao Q, Tan T, Yin S, Zhang L, Wang S. MEIOK21 regulates oocyte quantity and quality via modulating meiotic recombination. FASEB J 2022; 36:e22357. [PMID: 35593531 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202101950r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The reproductive life span of females is largely determined by the number and quality of oocytes. Previously, we identified MEIOK21 as a meiotic recombination regulator required for male fertility. Here, we characterize the important roles of MEIOK21 in regulating female meiosis and oocyte number and quality. MEIOK21 localizes at recombination sites as a component of recombination bridges in oogenesis like in spermatogenesis. Meiok21-/- female mice show subfertility. Consistently, the size of the primordial follicle pool in Meiok21-/- females is only ~40% of wild-type females because a great number of oocytes with defects in meiotic recombination and/or synapsis are eliminated. Furthermore, the numbers of primordial and growing follicles show a more marked decrease in an age-dependent manner compared with wild-type females. Further analysis shows Meiok21-/- oocytes also have reduced rates of germinal vesicle breakdown and the first polar body extrusion when cultured in vitro, indicating poor oocyte quality. Additionally, Meiok21-/- oocytes have more chromosomes bearing a single distally localized crossover (chiasmata), suggesting a possible defect in crossover maturation. Taken together, our findings indicate critical roles for MEIOK21 in ensuring the number and quality of oocytes in the follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Shang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ju Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
| | - Weidong Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Yanan Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
| | - Xu Zhou
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Qiqi Shao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Taicong Tan
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Shen Yin
- College of Life Sciences, Institute of Reproductive Sciences, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Jinan, China.,Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, China
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12
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Foe VE. Does the Pachytene Checkpoint, a Feature of Meiosis, Filter Out Mistakes in Double-Strand DNA Break Repair and as a side-Effect Strongly Promote Adaptive Speciation? Integr Org Biol 2022; 4:obac008. [PMID: 36827645 PMCID: PMC8998493 DOI: 10.1093/iob/obac008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This essay aims to explain two biological puzzles: why eukaryotic transcription units are composed of short segments of coding DNA interspersed with long stretches of non-coding (intron) DNA, and the near ubiquity of sexual reproduction. As is well known, alternative splicing of its coding sequences enables one transcription unit to produce multiple variants of each encoded protein. Additionally, padding transcription units with non-coding DNA (often many thousands of base pairs long) provides a readily evolvable way to set how soon in a cell cycle the various mRNAs will begin being expressed and the total amount of mRNA that each transcription unit can make during a cell cycle. This regulation complements control via the transcriptional promoter and facilitates the creation of complex eukaryotic cell types, tissues, and organisms. However, it also makes eukaryotes exceedingly vulnerable to double-strand DNA breaks, which end-joining break repair pathways can repair incorrectly. Transcription units cover such a large fraction of the genome that any mis-repair producing a reorganized chromosome has a high probability of destroying a gene. During meiosis, the synaptonemal complex aligns homologous chromosome pairs and the pachytene checkpoint detects, selectively arrests, and in many organisms actively destroys gamete-producing cells with chromosomes that cannot adequately synapse; this creates a filter favoring transmission to the next generation of chromosomes that retain the parental organization, while selectively culling those with interrupted transcription units. This same meiotic checkpoint, reacting to accidental chromosomal reorganizations inflicted by error-prone break repair, can, as a side effect, provide a mechanism for the formation of new species in sympatry. It has been a long-standing puzzle how something as seemingly maladaptive as hybrid sterility between such new species can arise. I suggest that this paradox is resolved by understanding the adaptive importance of the pachytene checkpoint, as outlined above.
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Blasio F, Prieto P, Pradillo M, Naranjo T. Genomic and Meiotic Changes Accompanying Polyploidization. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:plants11010125. [PMID: 35009128 PMCID: PMC8747196 DOI: 10.3390/plants11010125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2021] [Revised: 12/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hybridization and polyploidy have been considered as significant evolutionary forces in adaptation and speciation, especially among plants. Interspecific gene flow generates novel genetic variants adaptable to different environments, but it is also a gene introgression mechanism in crops to increase their agronomical yield. An estimate of 9% of interspecific hybridization has been reported although the frequency varies among taxa. Homoploid hybrid speciation is rare compared to allopolyploidy. Chromosome doubling after hybridization is the result of cellular defects produced mainly during meiosis. Unreduced gametes, which are formed at an average frequency of 2.52% across species, are the result of altered spindle organization or orientation, disturbed kinetochore functioning, abnormal cytokinesis, or loss of any meiotic division. Meiotic changes and their genetic basis, leading to the cytological diploidization of allopolyploids, are just beginning to be understood especially in wheat. However, the nature and mode of action of homoeologous recombination suppressor genes are poorly understood in other allopolyploids. The merger of two independent genomes causes a deep modification of their architecture, gene expression, and molecular interactions leading to the phenotype. We provide an overview of genomic changes and transcriptomic modifications that particularly occur at the early stages of allopolyploid formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Blasio
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Pilar Prieto
- Plant Breeding Department, Institute for Sustainable Agriculture, Agencia Estatal Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC), Alameda del Obispo s/n, Apartado 4048, 14080 Cordova, Spain;
| | - Mónica Pradillo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.B.); (M.P.)
| | - Tomás Naranjo
- Departamento de Genética, Fisiología y Microbiología, Facultad de Biología, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (F.B.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence:
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14
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Pyatnitskaya A, Andreani J, Guérois R, De Muyt A, Borde V. The Zip4 protein directly couples meiotic crossover formation to synaptonemal complex assembly. Genes Dev 2022; 36:53-69. [PMID: 34969823 PMCID: PMC8763056 DOI: 10.1101/gad.348973.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Meiotic recombination is triggered by programmed double-strand breaks (DSBs), a subset of these being repaired as crossovers, promoted by eight evolutionarily conserved proteins, named ZMM. Crossover formation is functionally linked to synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly between homologous chromosomes, but the underlying mechanism is unknown. Here we show that Ecm11, a SC central element protein, localizes on both DSB sites and sites that attach chromatin loops to the chromosome axis, which are the starting points of SC formation, in a way that strictly requires the ZMM protein Zip4. Furthermore, Zip4 directly interacts with Ecm11, and point mutants that specifically abolish this interaction lose Ecm11 binding to chromosomes and exhibit defective SC assembly. This can be partially rescued by artificially tethering interaction-defective Ecm11 to Zip4. Mechanistically, this direct connection ensuring SC assembly from CO sites could be a way for the meiotic cell to shut down further DSB formation once enough recombination sites have been selected for crossovers, thereby preventing excess crossovers. Finally, the mammalian ortholog of Zip4, TEX11, also interacts with the SC central element TEX12, suggesting a general mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pyatnitskaya
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, Dynamics of Genetic Information, UMR3244, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75248, France
| | - Jessica Andreani
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Raphaël Guérois
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomique et aux Énergies Alternatives, CNRS, Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette 91198, France
| | - Arnaud De Muyt
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, Dynamics of Genetic Information, UMR3244, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75248, France
| | - Valérie Borde
- Institut Curie, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres, Sorbonne Université, Dynamics of Genetic Information, UMR3244, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Paris 75248, France
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Abstract
In this Outlook, Grey and de Massy discuss a study by Pyatnitskaya et al. in this issue of Genes & Development that highlights the central role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZMM protein Zip4 in how crossover formation and synapsis initiation are linked. During meiosis, a molecular program induces DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) and their repair by homologous recombination. DSBs can be repaired with or without crossovers. ZMM proteins promote the repair toward crossover. The sites of DSB repair are also sites where the axes of homologous chromosomes are juxtaposed and stabilized, and where a structure called the synaptonemal complex initiates, providing further regulation of both DSB formation and repair. How crossover formation and synapsis initiation are linked has remained unknown. The study by Pyatnitskaya and colleagues (pp. 53–69) in this issue of Genes & Development highlights the central role of the Saccharomyces cerevisiae ZMM protein Zip4 in this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corinne Grey
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier, Montpellier 34396, France
| | - Bernard de Massy
- Institut de Génétique Humaine (IGH), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Montpellier, Montpellier 34396, France
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16
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RNA-DNA hybrids regulate meiotic recombination. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110097. [PMID: 34879269 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 07/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
RNA-DNA hybrids are often associated with genome instability and also function as a cellular regulator in many biological processes. In this study, we show that accumulated RNA-DNA hybrids cause multiple defects in budding yeast meiosis, including decreased sporulation efficiency and spore viability. Further analysis shows that these RNA-DNA hybrid foci colocalize with RPA/Rad51 foci on chromosomes. The efficient formation of RNA-DNA hybrid foci depends on Rad52 and ssDNA ends of meiotic DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and their number is correlated with DSB frequency. Interestingly, RNA-DNA hybrid foci and recombination foci show similar dynamics. The excessive accumulation of RNA-DNA hybrids around DSBs competes with Rad51/Dmc1, impairs homolog bias, and decreases crossover and noncrossover recombination. Furthermore, precocious removal of RNA-DNA hybrids by RNase H1 overexpression also impairs meiotic recombination similarly. Taken together, our results demonstrate that RNA-DNA hybrids form at ssDNA ends of DSBs to actively regulate meiotic recombination.
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17
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Martín AC, Alabdullah AK, Moore G. A separation-of-function ZIP4 wheat mutant allows crossover between related chromosomes and is meiotically stable. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21811. [PMID: 34750469 PMCID: PMC8575954 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01379-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Many species, including most flowering plants, are polyploid, possessing multiple genomes. During polyploidisation, fertility is preserved via the evolution of mechanisms to control the behaviour of these multiple genomes during meiosis. On the polyploidisation of wheat, the major meiotic gene ZIP4 duplicated and diverged, with the resulting new gene TaZIP4-B2 being inserted into chromosome 5B. Previous studies showed that this TaZIP4-B2 promotes pairing and synapsis between wheat homologous chromosomes, whilst suppressing crossover between related (homoeologous) chromosomes. Moreover, in wheat, the presence of TaZIP4-B2 preserves up to 50% of grain number. The present study exploits a 'separation-of-function' wheat Tazip4-B2 mutant named zip4-ph1d, in which the Tazip4-B2 copy still promotes correct pairing and synapsis between homologues (resulting in the same pollen profile and fertility normally found in wild type wheat), but which also allows crossover between the related chromosomes in wheat haploids of this mutant. This suggests an improved utility for the new zip4-ph1d mutant line during wheat breeding, compared to the previously described CRISPR Tazip4-B2 and ph1 mutant lines. The results also reveal that loss of suppression of homoeologous crossover between wheat chromosomes does not in itself reduce wheat fertility when promotion of homologous pairing and synapsis by TaZIP4-B2 is preserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azahara C Martín
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK.
| | | | - Graham Moore
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich, NR4 7UH, UK
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18
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Morgan C, White MA, Franklin FCH, Zickler D, Kleckner N, Bomblies K. Evolution of crossover interference enables stable autopolyploidy by ensuring pairwise partner connections in Arabidopsis arenosa. Curr Biol 2021; 31:4713-4726.e4. [PMID: 34480856 PMCID: PMC8585506 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2021.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Polyploidy is a major driver of evolutionary change. Autopolyploids, which arise by within-species whole-genome duplication, carry multiple nearly identical copies of each chromosome. This presents an existential challenge to sexual reproduction. Meiotic chromosome segregation requires formation of DNA crossovers (COs) between two homologous chromosomes. How can this outcome be achieved when more than two essentially equivalent partners are available? We addressed this question by comparing diploid, neo-autotetraploid, and established autotetraploid Arabidopsis arenosa using new approaches for analysis of meiotic CO patterns in polyploids. We discover that crossover interference, the classical process responsible for patterning of COs in diploid meiosis, is defective in the neo-autotetraploid but robust in the established autotetraploid. The presented findings suggest that, initially, diploid-like interference fails to act effectively on multivalent pairing and accompanying pre-CO recombination interactions and that stable autopolyploid meiosis can emerge by evolution of a “supercharged” interference process, which can now act effectively on such configurations. Thus, the basic interference mechanism responsible for simplifying CO patterns along chromosomes in diploid meiosis has evolved the capability to also simplify CO patterns among chromosomes in autopolyploids, thereby promoting bivalent formation. We further show that evolution of stable autotetraploidy preadapts meiosis to higher ploidy, which in turn has interesting mechanistic and evolutionary implications. In a neo-autotetraploid, aberrant crossover interference confers aberrant meiosis In a stable autotetraploid, regular crossover interference confers regular meiosis Crossover and synaptic patterns point to evolution of “supercharged” interference Accordingly, evolution of stable autotetraploidy preadapts to higher ploidies
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Morgan
- John Innes Centre, Colney Lane, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK
| | - Martin A White
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | | | - Denise Zickler
- University Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique at aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), 1 Avenue de la Terrasse, 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Nancy Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Ren L, Zhao T, Zhao Y, Du G, Yang S, Mu N, Tang D, Shen Y, Li Y, Cheng Z. The E3 ubiquitin ligase DESYNAPSIS1 regulates synapsis and recombination in rice meiosis. Cell Rep 2021; 37:109941. [PMID: 34731625 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.109941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Synaptonemal complex (SC) assembly and homologous recombination, the most critical events during prophase I, are the prerequisite for faithful meiotic chromosome segregation. However, the underlying regulatory mechanism remains largely unknown. Here, we reveal that a functional RING finger E3 ubiquitin ligase, DESYNAPSIS1 (DSNP1), plays significant roles in SC assembly and homologous recombination during rice meiosis. In the dsnp1 mutant, homologous synapsis is discontinuous and aberrant SC-like polycomplexes occur independent of coaligned homologous chromosomes. Accompanying the decreased foci of HEI10, ZIP4, and MER3 on meiotic chromosomes, the number of crossovers (COs) decreases dramatically in dsnp1 meiocytes. Furthermore, the absence of central elements largely restores the localization of non-ZEP1 ZMM proteins and the number of COs in the dsnp1 background. Collectively, DSNP1 stabilizes the canonical tripartite SC structure along paired homologous chromosomes and further promotes the formation of COs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijun Ren
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; Oil Crops Research Institute of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan 430062, China
| | - Tingting Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Yangzi Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Shuying Yang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Na Mu
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, China; Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China.
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20
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Liu C, Cao Y, Hua Y, Du G, Liu Q, Wei X, Sun T, Lin J, Wu M, Cheng Z, Wang K. Concurrent Disruption of Genetic Interference and Increase of Genetic Recombination Frequency in Hybrid Rice Using CRISPR/Cas9. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:757152. [PMID: 34675957 PMCID: PMC8523357 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.757152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Manipulation of the distribution and frequency of meiotic recombination events to increase genetic diversity and disrupting genetic interference are long-standing goals in crop breeding. However, attenuation of genetic interference is usually accompanied by a reduction in recombination frequency and subsequent loss of plant fertility. In the present study, we generated null mutants of the ZEP1 gene, which encodes the central component of the meiotic synaptonemal complex (SC), in a hybrid rice using CRISPR/Cas9. The null mutants exhibited absolute male sterility but maintained nearly unaffected female fertility. By pollinating the zep1 null mutants with pollen from indica rice variety 93-11, we successfully conducted genetic analysis and found that genetic recombination frequency was greatly increased and genetic interference was completely eliminated in the absence of ZEP1. The findings provided direct evidence to support the controversial hypothesis that SC is involved in mediating interference. Additionally, the remained female fertility of the null mutants makes it possible to break linkage drag. Our study provides a potential approach to increase genetic diversity and fully eliminate genetic interference in rice breeding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaolei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yiwei Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yufeng Hua
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Qing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Tingting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jianrong Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mingguo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kejian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, China
- National Nanfan Research Institute (Sanya), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Sanya, China
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21
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Soares NR, Mollinari M, Oliveira GK, Pereira GS, Vieira MLC. Meiosis in Polyploids and Implications for Genetic Mapping: A Review. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12101517. [PMID: 34680912 PMCID: PMC8535482 DOI: 10.3390/genes12101517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant cytogenetic studies have provided essential knowledge on chromosome behavior during meiosis, contributing to our understanding of this complex process. In this review, we describe in detail the meiotic process in auto- and allopolyploids from the onset of prophase I through pairing, recombination, and bivalent formation, highlighting recent findings on the genetic control and mode of action of specific proteins that lead to diploid-like meiosis behavior in polyploid species. During the meiosis of newly formed polyploids, related chromosomes (homologous in autopolyploids; homologous and homoeologous in allopolyploids) can combine in complex structures called multivalents. These structures occur when multiple chromosomes simultaneously pair, synapse, and recombine. We discuss the effectiveness of crossover frequency in preventing multivalent formation and favoring regular meiosis. Homoeologous recombination in particular can generate new gene (locus) combinations and phenotypes, but it may destabilize the karyotype and lead to aberrant meiotic behavior, reducing fertility. In crop species, understanding the factors that control pairing and recombination has the potential to provide plant breeders with resources to make fuller use of available chromosome variations in number and structure. We focused on wheat and oilseed rape, since there is an abundance of elucidating studies on this subject, including the molecular characterization of the Ph1 (wheat) and PrBn (oilseed rape) loci, which are known to play a crucial role in regulating meiosis. Finally, we exploited the consequences of chromosome pairing and recombination for genetic map construction in polyploids, highlighting two case studies of complex genomes: (i) modern sugarcane, which has a man-made genome harboring two subgenomes with some recombinant chromosomes; and (ii) hexaploid sweet potato, a naturally occurring polyploid. The recent inclusion of allelic dosage information has improved linkage estimation in polyploids, allowing multilocus genetic maps to be constructed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Reis Soares
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Marcelo Mollinari
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7566, USA;
- Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695-7555, USA
| | - Gleicy K. Oliveira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
| | - Guilherme S. Pereira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Department of Agronomy, Federal University of Viçosa, Viçosa 36570-900, Brazil
| | - Maria Lucia Carneiro Vieira
- Escola Superior de Agricultura “Luiz de Queiroz”, Universidade de São Paulo, Piracicaba 13400-918, Brazil; (N.R.S.); (G.K.O.); (G.S.P.)
- Correspondence:
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22
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Zhang FG, Zhang RR, Gao JM. The organization, regulation, and biological functions of the synaptonemal complex. Asian J Androl 2021; 23:580-589. [PMID: 34528517 PMCID: PMC8577265 DOI: 10.4103/aja202153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific proteinaceous macromolecular structure that assembles between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis in various eukaryotes. The SC has a highly conserved ultrastructure and plays critical roles in controlling multiple steps in meiotic recombination and crossover formation, ensuring accurate meiotic chromosome segregation. Recent studies in different organisms, facilitated by advances in super-resolution microscopy, have provided insights into the macromolecular structure of the SC, including the internal organization of the meiotic chromosome axis and SC central region, the regulatory pathways that control SC assembly and dynamics, and the biological functions exerted by the SC and its substructures. This review summarizes recent discoveries about how the SC is organized and regulated that help to explain the biological functions associated with this meiosis-specific structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Guo Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Rui-Rui Zhang
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
| | - Jin-Min Gao
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Animal Resistance Biology of Shandong Province, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, China
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23
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Lee MS, Higashide MT, Choi H, Li K, Hong S, Lee K, Shinohara A, Shinohara M, Kim KP. The synaptonemal complex central region modulates crossover pathways and feedback control of meiotic double-strand break formation. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:7537-7553. [PMID: 34197600 PMCID: PMC8287913 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2020] [Revised: 06/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a proteinaceous structure that mediates homolog engagement and genetic recombination during meiosis. In budding yeast, Zip-Mer-Msh (ZMM) proteins promote crossover (CO) formation and initiate SC formation. During SC elongation, the SUMOylated SC component Ecm11 and the Ecm11-interacting protein Gmc2 facilitate the polymerization of Zip1, an SC central region component. Through physical recombination, cytological, and genetic analyses, we found that ecm11 and gmc2 mutants exhibit chromosome-specific defects in meiotic recombination. CO frequencies on a short chromosome (chromosome III) were reduced, whereas CO and non-crossover frequencies on a long chromosome (chromosome VII) were elevated. Further, in ecm11 and gmc2 mutants, more double-strand breaks (DSBs) were formed on a long chromosome during late prophase I, implying that the Ecm11–Gmc2 (EG) complex is involved in the homeostatic regulation of DSB formation. The EG complex may participate in joint molecule (JM) processing and/or double-Holliday junction resolution for ZMM-dependent CO-designated recombination. Absence of the EG complex ameliorated the JM-processing defect in zmm mutants, suggesting a role for the EG complex in suppressing ZMM-independent recombination. Our results suggest that the SC central region functions as a compartment for sequestering recombination-associated proteins to regulate meiosis specificity during recombination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Su Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Mika T Higashide
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Hyungseok Choi
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Ke Li
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Soogil Hong
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Kangseok Lee
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Akira Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Miki Shinohara
- Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.,Graduate School of Agriculture, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan.,Agricultural Technology and Innovation Research Institute, Kindai University, Nara 631-8505, Japan
| | - Keun P Kim
- Department of Life Science, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
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24
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Girard C, Budin K, Boisnard S, Zhang L, Debuchy R, Zickler D, Espagne E. RNAi-Related Dicer and Argonaute Proteins Play Critical Roles for Meiocyte Formation, Chromosome-Axes Lengths and Crossover Patterning in the Fungus Sordaria macrospora. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:684108. [PMID: 34262901 PMCID: PMC8274715 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.684108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
RNA interference (RNAi) is a cellular process involving small RNAs that target and regulate complementary RNA transcripts. This phenomenon has well-characterized roles in regulating gene and transposon expression. In addition, Dicer and Argonaute proteins, which are key players of RNAi, also have functions unrelated to gene repression. We show here that in the filamentous Ascomycete Sordaria macrospora, genes encoding the two Dicer (Dcl1 and Dcl2) and the two Argonaute (Sms2 and Qde2) proteins are dispensable for vegetative growth. However, we identified roles for all four proteins in the sexual cycle. Dcl1 and Sms2 are essential for timely and successful ascus/meiocyte formation. During meiosis per se, Dcl1, Dcl2, and Qde2 modulate, more or less severely, chromosome axis length and crossover numbers, patterning and interference. Additionally, Sms2 is necessary both for correct synaptonemal complex formation and loading of the pro-crossover E3 ligase-protein Hei10. Moreover, meiocyte formation, and thus meiotic induction, is completely blocked in the dcl1 dcl2 and dcl1 sms2 null double mutants. These results indicate complex roles of the RNAi machinery during major steps of the meiotic process with newly uncovered roles for chromosomes-axis length modulation and crossover patterning regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Girard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomiques et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Karine Budin
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomiques et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Stéphanie Boisnard
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomiques et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Robert Debuchy
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomiques et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Denise Zickler
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomiques et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Eric Espagne
- Université Paris-Saclay, Commissariat à l'Énergie Atomiques et aux Énergies Alternatives (CEA), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute for Integrative Biology of the Cell (I2BC), Gif-sur-Yvette, France
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25
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Alabdullah AK, Moore G, Martín AC. A Duplicated Copy of the Meiotic Gene ZIP4 Preserves up to 50% Pollen Viability and Grain Number in Polyploid Wheat. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:290. [PMID: 33918149 PMCID: PMC8065865 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Although most flowering plants are polyploid, little is known of how the meiotic process evolves after polyploidisation to stabilise and preserve fertility. On wheat polyploidisation, the major meiotic gene ZIP4 on chromosome 3B duplicated onto 5B and diverged (TaZIP4-B2). TaZIP4-B2 was recently shown to promote homologous pairing, synapsis and crossover, and suppress homoeologous crossover. We therefore suspected that these meiotic stabilising effects could be important for preserving wheat fertility. A CRISPR Tazip4-B2 mutant was exploited to assess the contribution of the 5B duplicated ZIP4 copy in maintaining pollen viability and grain setting. Analysis demonstrated abnormalities in 56% of meiocytes in the Tazip4-B2 mutant, with micronuclei in 50% of tetrads, reduced size in 48% of pollen grains and a near 50% reduction in grain number. Further studies showed that most of the reduced grain number occurred when Tazip4-B2 mutant plants were pollinated with the less viable Tazip4-B2 mutant pollen rather than with wild type pollen, suggesting that the stabilising effect of TaZIP4-B2 on meiosis has a greater consequence in subsequent male, rather than female gametogenesis. These studies reveal the extraordinary value of the wheat chromosome 5B TaZIP4-B2 duplication to agriculture and human nutrition. Future studies should further investigate the role of TaZIP4-B2 on female fertility and assess whether different TaZIP4-B2 alleles exhibit variable effects on meiotic stabilisation and/or resistance to temperature change.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Graham Moore
- Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Colney, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK; (A.K.A.); (A.C.M.)
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26
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ZYP1 is required for obligate cross-over formation and cross-over interference in Arabidopsis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2021671118. [PMID: 33782125 PMCID: PMC8040812 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2021671118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The synaptonemal complex (SC) is a meiosis-specific proteinaceous ultrastructure required to ensure cross-over (CO) formation in the majority of sexually reproducing eukaryotes. It is composed of two lateral elements adjoined by transverse filaments. Even though the general structure of the SC is conserved throughout kingdoms, phenotypic differences between mutants perpetuate the enigmatic role of the SC. Here, we have used genetic and cytogenetic approaches to show that the transverse filament protein, ZYP1, acts on multiple pathways of meiotic recombination in Arabidopsis. ZYP1 is required for CO assurance, thus ensuring that every chromosome pair receives at least one CO. ZYP1 limits the number of COs and mediates CO interference, the phenomenon that reduces the probability of multiple COs forming close together. The synaptonemal complex is a tripartite proteinaceous ultrastructure that forms between homologous chromosomes during prophase I of meiosis in the majority of eukaryotes. It is characterized by the coordinated installation of transverse filament proteins between two lateral elements and is required for wild-type levels of crossing over and meiotic progression. We have generated null mutants of the duplicated Arabidopsis transverse filament genes zyp1a and zyp1b using a combination of T-DNA insertional mutants and targeted CRISPR/Cas mutagenesis. Cytological and genetic analysis of the zyp1 null mutants reveals loss of the obligate chiasma, an increase in recombination map length by 1.3- to 1.7-fold and a virtual absence of cross-over (CO) interference, determined by a significant increase in the number of double COs. At diplotene, the numbers of HEI10 foci, a marker for Class I interference-sensitive COs, are twofold greater in the zyp1 mutant compared to wild type. The increase in recombination in zyp1 does not appear to be due to the Class II interference-insensitive COs as chiasmata were reduced by ∼52% in msh5/zyp1 compared to msh5. These data suggest that ZYP1 limits the formation of closely spaced Class I COs in Arabidopsis. Our data indicate that installation of ZYP1 occurs at ASY1-labeled axial bridges and that loss of the protein disrupts progressive coalignment of the chromosome axes.
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27
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The Proteomic Landscape of Centromeric Chromatin Reveals an Essential Role for the Ctf19 CCAN Complex in Meiotic Kinetochore Assembly. Curr Biol 2021; 31:283-296.e7. [PMID: 33157029 PMCID: PMC7846277 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 09/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Kinetochores direct chromosome segregation in mitosis and meiosis. Faithful gamete formation through meiosis requires that kinetochores take on new functions that impact homolog pairing, recombination, and the orientation of kinetochore attachment to microtubules in meiosis I. Using an unbiased proteomics pipeline, we determined the composition of centromeric chromatin and kinetochores at distinct cell-cycle stages, revealing extensive reorganization of kinetochores during meiosis. The data uncover a network of meiotic chromosome axis and recombination proteins that bind to centromeres in the absence of the microtubule-binding outer kinetochore sub-complexes during meiotic prophase. We show that the Ctf19cCCAN inner kinetochore complex is essential for kinetochore organization in meiosis. Our functional analyses identify a Ctf19cCCAN-dependent kinetochore assembly pathway that is dispensable for mitotic growth but becomes critical upon meiotic entry. Therefore, changes in kinetochore composition and a distinct assembly pathway specialize meiotic kinetochores for successful gametogenesis. The composition of meiotic centromeres and kinetochores is revealed Kinetochores undergo extensive changes between meiotic prophase I and metaphase I The Ctf19CCAN orchestrates meiotic kinetochore specialization A Ctf19CCAN-directed kinetochore assembly pathway is uniquely critical in meiosis
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28
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Chu L, Liang Z, Mukhina MV, Fisher JK, Hutchinson JW, Kleckner NE. One-dimensional spatial patterning along mitotic chromosomes: A mechanical basis for macroscopic morphogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:26749-26755. [PMID: 33051295 PMCID: PMC7604413 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2013709117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Spatial patterns are ubiquitous in both physical and biological systems. We have recently discovered that mitotic chromosomes sequentially acquire two interesting morphological patterns along their structural axes [L. Chu et al., Mol. Cell, 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.002 (2020)]. First, axes of closely conjoined sister chromosomes acquire regular undulations comprising nearly planar arrays of sequential half-helices of similar size and alternating handedness, accompanied by periodic kinks. This pattern, which persists through all later stages, provides a case of the geometric form known as a "perversion." Next, as sister chromosomes become distinct parallel units, their individual axes become linked by bridges, which are themselves miniature axes. These bridges are dramatically evenly spaced. Together, these effects comprise a unique instance of spatial patterning in a subcellular biological system. We present evidence that axis undulations and bridge arrays arise by a single continuous mechanically promoted progression, driven by stress within the chromosome axes. We further suggest that, after sister individualization, this same stress also promotes chromosome compaction by rendering the axes susceptible to the requisite molecular remodeling. Thus, by this scenario, the continuous presence of mechanical stress within the chromosome axes could potentially underlie the entire morphogenetic chromosomal program. Direct analogies with meiotic chromosomes suggest that the same effects could underlie interactions between homologous chromosomes as required for gametogenesis. Possible mechanical bases for generation of axis stress and resultant deformations are discussed. Together, these findings provide a perspective on the macroscopic changes of organized chromosomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingluo Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Zhangyi Liang
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Maria V Mukhina
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | | | - John W Hutchinson
- School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138
| | - Nancy E Kleckner
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138;
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29
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Agbleke AA, Amitai A, Buenrostro JD, Chakrabarti A, Chu L, Hansen AS, Koenig KM, Labade AS, Liu S, Nozaki T, Ovchinnikov S, Seeber A, Shaban HA, Spille JH, Stephens AD, Su JH, Wadduwage D. Advances in Chromatin and Chromosome Research: Perspectives from Multiple Fields. Mol Cell 2020; 79:881-901. [PMID: 32768408 PMCID: PMC7888594 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2020.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Nucleosomes package genomic DNA into chromatin. By regulating DNA access for transcription, replication, DNA repair, and epigenetic modification, chromatin forms the nexus of most nuclear processes. In addition, dynamic organization of chromatin underlies both regulation of gene expression and evolution of chromosomes into individualized sister objects, which can segregate cleanly to different daughter cells at anaphase. This collaborative review shines a spotlight on technologies that will be crucial to interrogate key questions in chromatin and chromosome biology including state-of-the-art microscopy techniques, tools to physically manipulate chromatin, single-cell methods to measure chromatin accessibility, computational imaging with neural networks and analytical tools to interpret chromatin structure and dynamics. In addition, this review provides perspectives on how these tools can be applied to specific research fields such as genome stability and developmental biology and to test concepts such as phase separation of chromatin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Assaf Amitai
- Institute for Medical Engineering and Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Jason D Buenrostro
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Aditi Chakrabarti
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Lingluo Chu
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Anders S Hansen
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Kristen M Koenig
- Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; JHDSF Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Ajay S Labade
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Sirui Liu
- FAS Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Tadasu Nozaki
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sergey Ovchinnikov
- JHDSF Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; FAS Division of Science, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Andrew Seeber
- JHDSF Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Advanced Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
| | - Haitham A Shaban
- Center for Advanced Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Spectroscopy Department, Physics Division, National Research Centre, Dokki, 12622 Cairo, Egypt
| | - Jan-Hendrik Spille
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
| | - Andrew D Stephens
- Biology Department, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Jun-Han Su
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Dushan Wadduwage
- JHDSF Program, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA; Center for Advanced Imaging, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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30
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Shang Y, Huang T, Liu H, Liu Y, Liang H, Yu X, Li M, Zhai B, Yang X, Wei Y, Wang G, Chen Z, Wang S, Zhang L. MEIOK21: a new component of meiotic recombination bridges required for spermatogenesis. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:6624-6639. [PMID: 32463460 PMCID: PMC7337969 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) with homologous chromosomes is a hallmark of meiosis that is mediated by recombination ‘bridges’ between homolog axes. This process requires cooperation of DMC1 and RAD51 to promote homology search and strand exchange. The mechanism(s) regulating DMC1/RAD51-ssDNA nucleoprotein filament and the components of ‘bridges’ remain to be investigated. Here we show that MEIOK21 is a newly identified component of meiotic recombination bridges and is required for efficient formation of DMC1/RAD51 foci. MEIOK21 dynamically localizes on chromosomes from on-axis foci to ‘hanging foci’, then to ‘bridges’, and finally to ‘fused foci’ between homolog axes. Its chromosome localization depends on DSBs. Knockout of Meiok21 decreases the numbers of HSF2BP and DMC1/RAD51 foci, disrupting DSB repair, synapsis and crossover recombination and finally causing male infertility. Therefore, MEIOK21 is a novel recombination factor and probably mediates DMC1/RAD51 recruitment to ssDNA or their stability on chromosomes through physical interaction with HSF2BP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Shang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yanlei Liu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Heng Liang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Xiaoxia Yu
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Mengjing Li
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Binyuan Zhai
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China
| | - Xiao Yang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Yudong Wei
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Zijiang Chen
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Shunxin Wang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China
| | - Liangran Zhang
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, School of Medicine, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, National Research Center for Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Genetics, Key Laboratory of Reproductive Endocrinology of Ministry of Education, Shandong Provincial Clinical Medicine Research Center for Reproductive Health, Jinan, Shandong 250012, China.,Advanced Medical Research Institute, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250014, China.,State Key Laboratory of Microbial Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
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31
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Sepsi A, Schwarzacher T. Chromosome-nuclear envelope tethering - a process that orchestrates homologue pairing during plant meiosis? J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243667. [PMID: 32788229 PMCID: PMC7438012 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
During prophase I of meiosis, homologous chromosomes pair, synapse and exchange their genetic material through reciprocal homologous recombination, a phenomenon essential for faithful chromosome segregation. Partial sequence identity between non-homologous and heterologous chromosomes can also lead to recombination (ectopic recombination), a highly deleterious process that rapidly compromises genome integrity. To avoid ectopic exchange, homology recognition must be extended from the narrow position of a crossover-competent double-strand break to the entire chromosome. Here, we review advances on chromosome behaviour during meiotic prophase I in higher plants, by integrating centromere- and telomere dynamics driven by cytoskeletal motor proteins, into the processes of homologue pairing, synapsis and recombination. Centromere-centromere associations and the gathering of telomeres at the onset of meiosis at opposite nuclear poles create a spatially organised and restricted nuclear state in which homologous DNA interactions are favoured but ectopic interactions also occur. The release and dispersion of centromeres from the nuclear periphery increases the motility of chromosome arms, allowing meiosis-specific movements that disrupt ectopic interactions. Subsequent expansion of interstitial synapsis from numerous homologous interactions further corrects ectopic interactions. Movement and organisation of chromosomes, thus, evolved to facilitate the pairing process, and can be modulated by distinct stages of chromatin associations at the nuclear envelope and their collective release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adél Sepsi
- Department of Plant Cell Biology, Centre for Agricultural Research, 2462, Martonvásár, Brunszvik u. 2, Hungary
- BME Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Department of Applied Biotechnology and Food Science (ABÉT), 1111, Budapest, Mu˝ egyetem rkp. 3-9., Hungary
| | - Trude Schwarzacher
- University of Leicester, Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University Road, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
- Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Sustainable Utilization/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Botany, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510650, China
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32
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Desjardins SD, Ogle DE, Ayoub MA, Heckmann S, Henderson IR, Edwards KJ, Higgins JD. MutS homologue 4 and MutS homologue 5 Maintain the Obligate Crossover in Wheat Despite Stepwise Gene Loss following Polyploidization. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 183:1545-1558. [PMID: 32527734 PMCID: PMC7401138 DOI: 10.1104/pp.20.00534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Crossovers (COs) ensure accurate chromosome segregation during meiosis while creating novel allelic combinations. Here, we show that allotetraploid (AABB) durum wheat (Triticum turgidum ssp. durum) utilizes two pathways of meiotic recombination. The class I pathway requires MSH4 and MSH5 (MutSγ) to maintain the obligate CO/chiasma and accounts for ∼85% of meiotic COs, whereas the residual ∼15% are consistent with the class II CO pathway. Class I and class II chiasmata are skewed toward the chromosome ends, but class II chiasmata are significantly more distal than class I chiasmata. Chiasma distribution does not reflect the abundance of double-strand breaks, detected by proxy as RAD51 foci at leptotene, but only ∼2.3% of these sites mature into chiasmata. MutSγ maintains the obligate chiasma despite a 5.4-kb deletion in MSH5B rendering it nonfunctional, which occurred early in the evolution of tetraploid wheat and was then domesticated into hexaploid (AABBDD) common wheat (Triticum aestivum), as well as an 8-kb deletion in MSH4D in hexaploid wheat, predicted to create a nonfunctional pseudogene. Stepwise loss of MSH5B and MSH4D following hybridization and whole-genome duplication may have occurred due to gene redundancy (as functional copies of MSH5A, MSH4A, and MSH4B are still present in the tetraploid and MSH5A, MSH5D, MSH4A, and MSH4B are present in the hexaploid) or as an adaptation to modulate recombination in allopolyploid wheat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart D Desjardins
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Daisy E Ogle
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad A Ayoub
- Independent Research Group Meiosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Stefan Heckmann
- Independent Research Group Meiosis, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Gatersleben, D-06466 Stadt Seeland, Germany
| | - Ian R Henderson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EA, United Kingdom
| | | | - James D Higgins
- Department of Genetics and Genome Biology, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, United Kingdom
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33
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Pyatnitskaya A, Borde V, De Muyt A. Crossing and zipping: molecular duties of the ZMM proteins in meiosis. Chromosoma 2019; 128:181-198. [PMID: 31236671 DOI: 10.1007/s00412-019-00714-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Revised: 06/07/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Accurate segregation of homologous chromosomes during meiosis depends on the ability of meiotic cells to promote reciprocal exchanges between parental DNA strands, known as crossovers (COs). For most organisms, including budding yeast and other fungi, mammals, nematodes, and plants, the major CO pathway depends on ZMM proteins, a set of molecular actors specifically devoted to recognize and stabilize CO-specific DNA intermediates that are formed during homologous recombination. The progressive implementation of ZMM-dependent COs takes place within the context of the synaptonemal complex (SC), a proteinaceous structure that polymerizes between homologs and participates in close homolog juxtaposition during prophase I of meiosis. While SC polymerization starts from ZMM-bound sites and ZMM proteins are required for SC polymerization in budding yeast and the fungus Sordaria, other organisms differ in their requirement for ZMM in SC elongation. This review provides an overview of ZMM functions and discusses their collaborative tasks for CO formation and SC assembly, based on recent findings and on a comparison of different model organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Pyatnitskaya
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris, France
- Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris, France
| | - Valérie Borde
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris, France.
- Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
| | - Arnaud De Muyt
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR3244, Paris, France.
- Paris Sorbonne Université, Paris, France.
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