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Schulz F, Jain A, Dallari F, Markmann V, Lehmkühler F. In situ aggregation and early states of gelation of gold nanoparticle dispersions. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:3836-3844. [PMID: 38651356 DOI: 10.1039/d4sm00080c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The aggregation and onset of gelation of PEGylated gold nanoparticles dispersed in a glycerol-water mixture is studied by small-angle X-ray scattering and X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. Tracking structural dynamics with sub-ms time resolution over a total experimental time of 8 hours corresponding to a time windows larger than 108 Brownian times and varying the temperature between 298 K and 266 K we can identify three regimes. First, while cooling to 275 K the particles show Brownian motion that slows down due to the increasing viscosity. Second, upon further cooling the static structure changes significantly, indicated by a broad structure factor peak. We attribute this to the formation of aggregates while the dynamics are still dominated by single-particle diffusion. Finally, the relaxation functions become more and more stretched accompanied by an increased slow down of the dynamics. At the same time the structure changes continuously indicating the onset of gelation. Our observations further suggest that the colloidal aggregation and gelation is characterized first by structural changes with a subsequent slowing down of the systems dynamics. The analysis also reveals that the details of the gelation process and the gel structure strongly depend on the thickness of the PEG-coating of the gold nanoparticles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florian Schulz
- Institute of Nanostructure and Solid State Physics, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Avni Jain
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany.
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2
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Dallari F, Lokteva I, Möller J, Roseker W, Goy C, Westermeier F, Boesenberg U, Hallmann J, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Scholz M, Shayduk R, Madsen A, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Real-time swelling-collapse kinetics of nanogels driven by XFEL pulses. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadm7876. [PMID: 38640237 PMCID: PMC11029799 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adm7876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
Stimuli-responsive polymers are an important class of materials with many applications in nanotechnology and drug delivery. The most prominent one is poly-N-isopropylacrylamide (PNIPAm). The characterization of the kinetics of its change after a temperature jump is still a lively research topic, especially at nanometer-length scales where it is not possible to rely on conventional microscopic techniques. Here, we measured in real time the collapse of a PNIPAm shell on silica nanoparticles with megahertz x-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at the European XFEL. We characterize the changes of the particles diffusion constant as a function of time and consequently local temperature on sub-microsecond timescales. We developed a phenomenological model to describe the observed data and extract the characteristic times associated to the swelling and collapse processes. Different from previous studies tracking the turbidity of PNIPAm dispersions and using laser heating, we find collapse times below microsecond timescales and two to three orders of magnitude slower swelling times.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Physics and Astronmy, University of Padua, Via Marzolo 8, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Irina Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Goy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Markus Scholz
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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3
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Guest TW, Bean R, Kammering R, van Riessen G, Mancuso AP, Abbey B. A phenomenological model of the X-ray pulse statistics of a high-repetition-rate X-ray free-electron laser. IUCRJ 2023; 10:708-719. [PMID: 37782462 PMCID: PMC10619450 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252523008242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
Many coherent imaging applications that utilize ultrafast X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) radiation pulses are highly sensitive to fluctuations in the shot-to-shot statistical properties of the source. Understanding and modelling these fluctuations are key to successful experiment planning and necessary to maximize the potential of XFEL facilities. Current models of XFEL radiation and their shot-to-shot statistics are based on theoretical descriptions of the source and are limited in their ability to capture the shot-to-shot intensity fluctuations observed experimentally. The lack of accurate temporal statistics in simulations that utilize these models is a significant barrier to optimizing and interpreting data from XFEL coherent diffraction experiments. Presented here is a phenomenological model of XFEL radiation that is capable of capturing the shot-to-shot statistics observed experimentally using a simple time-dependent approximation of the pulse wavefront. The model is applied to reproduce non-stationary shot-to-shot intensity fluctuations observed at the European XFEL, whilst accurately representing the single-shot properties predicted by FEL theory. Compared with previous models, this approach provides a simple, robust and computationally inexpensive method of generating statistical representations of XFEL radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trey W. Guest
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Richard Bean
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Raimund Kammering
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grant van Riessen
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
| | - Adrian P. Mancuso
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- European XFEL, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, OX11 0DE, UK
| | - Brian Abbey
- La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
- Department of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, Computing and Mathematical Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, VIC 3086, Australia
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4
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Zhang Q, Wan G, Starchenko V, Hu G, Dufresne EM, Zhou H, Jeen H, Almazan IC, Dong Y, Liu H, Sandy AR, Sterbinsky GE, Lee HN, Ganesh P, Fong DD. Intermittent Defect Fluctuations in Oxide Heterostructures. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2305383. [PMID: 37578079 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202305383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
The heterogeneous nature, local presence, and dynamic evolution of defects typically govern the ionic and electronic properties of a wide variety of functional materials. While the last 50 years have seen considerable efforts into development of new methods to identify the nature of defects in complex materials, such as the perovskite oxides, very little is known about defect dynamics and their influence on the functionality of a material. Here, the discovery of the intermittent behavior of point defects (oxygen vacancies) in oxide heterostructures employing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy is reported. Local fluctuations between two ordered phases in strained SrCoOx with different degrees of stability of the oxygen vacancies are observed. Ab-initio-informed phase-field modeling reveals that fluctuations between the competing ordered phases are modulated by the oxygen ion/vacancy interaction energy and epitaxial strain. The results demonstrate how defect dynamics, evidenced by measurement and modeling of their temporal fluctuations, give rise to stochastic properties that now can be fully characterized using coherent X-rays, coupled for the first time to multiscale modeling in functional complex oxide heterostructures. The study and its findings open new avenues for engineering the dynamical response of functional materials used in neuromorphic and electrochemical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Zhang
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Gang Wan
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Vitalii Starchenko
- Chemical Sciences Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Guoxiang Hu
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hua Zhou
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Hyoungjeen Jeen
- Department of Physics, Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea
| | - Irene Calvo Almazan
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Yongqi Dong
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Huajun Liu
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-Ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | | | - Ho Nyung Lee
- Materials Science and Technology Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - P Ganesh
- Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN, 37831, USA
| | - Dillon D Fong
- Material Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
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5
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Anthuparambil ND, Girelli A, Timmermann S, Kowalski M, Akhundzadeh MS, Retzbach S, Senft MD, Dargasz M, Gutmüller D, Hiremath A, Moron M, Öztürk Ö, Poggemann HF, Ragulskaya A, Begam N, Tosson A, Paulus M, Westermeier F, Zhang F, Sprung M, Schreiber F, Gutt C. Exploring non-equilibrium processes and spatio-temporal scaling laws in heated egg yolk using coherent X-rays. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5580. [PMID: 37696830 PMCID: PMC10495384 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41202-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The soft-grainy microstructure of cooked egg yolk is the result of a series of out-of-equilibrium processes of its protein-lipid contents; however, it is unclear how egg yolk constituents contribute to these processes to create the desired microstructure. By employing X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, we investigate the functional contribution of egg yolk constituents: proteins, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs), and yolk-granules to the development of grainy-gel microstructure and microscopic dynamics during cooking. We find that the viscosity of the heated egg yolk is solely determined by the degree of protein gelation, whereas the grainy-gel microstructure is controlled by the extent of LDL aggregation. Overall, protein denaturation-aggregation-gelation and LDL-aggregation follows Arrhenius-type time-temperature superposition (TTS), indicating an identical mechanism with a temperature-dependent reaction rate. However, above 75 °C TTS breaks down and temperature-independent gelation dynamics is observed, demonstrating that the temperature can no longer accelerate certain non-equilibrium processes above a threshold value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nimmi Das Anthuparambil
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Marvin Kowalski
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | | | - Sebastian Retzbach
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maximilian D Senft
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Dennis Gutmüller
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anusha Hiremath
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Marc Moron
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Özgül Öztürk
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | | | | | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Amir Tosson
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Michael Paulus
- Fakultät Physik/DELTA, Technische Universität Dortmund, 44221, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestr. 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, 57072, Siegen, Germany.
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6
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Jo W, Stern S, Westermeier F, Rysov R, Riepp M, Schmehr J, Lange J, Becker J, Sprung M, Laurus T, Graafsma H, Lokteva I, Grübel G, Roseker W. Single and multi-pulse based X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. OPTICS EXPRESS 2023; 31:3315-3324. [PMID: 36785327 DOI: 10.1364/oe.477774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The ability of pulsed nature of synchrotron radiation opens up the possibility of studying microsecond dynamics in complex materials via speckle-based techniques. Here, we present the study of measuring the dynamics of a colloidal system by combining single and multiple X-ray pulses of a storage ring. In addition, we apply speckle correlation techniques at various pulse patterns to collect correlation functions from nanoseconds to milliseconds. The obtained sample dynamics from all correlation techniques at different pulse patterns are in very good agreement with the expected dynamics of Brownian motions of silica nanoparticles in water. Our study will pave the way for future pulsed X-ray investigations at various synchrotron X-ray sources using individual X-ray pulse patterns.
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7
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Correa J, Mehrjoo M, Battistelli R, Lehmkühler F, Marras A, Wunderer CB, Hirono T, Felk V, Krivan F, Lange S, Shevyakov I, Vardanyan V, Zimmer M, Hoesch M, Bagschik K, Guerrini N, Marsh B, Sedgwick I, Cautero G, Stebel L, Giuressi D, Menk RH, Greer A, Nicholls T, Nichols W, Pedersen U, Shikhaliev P, Tartoni N, Hyun HJ, Kim SH, Park SY, Kim KS, Orsini F, Iguaz FJ, Büttner F, Pfau B, Plönjes E, Kharitonov K, Ruiz-Lopez M, Pan R, Gang S, Keitel B, Graafsma H. The PERCIVAL detector: first user experiments. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2023; 30:242-250. [PMID: 36601943 PMCID: PMC9814071 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577522010347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The PERCIVAL detector is a CMOS imager designed for the soft X-ray regime at photon sources. Although still in its final development phase, it has recently seen its first user experiments: ptychography at a free-electron laser, holographic imaging at a storage ring and preliminary tests on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy. The detector performed remarkably well in terms of spatial resolution achievable in the sample plane, owing to its small pixel size, large active area and very large dynamic range; but also in terms of its frame rate, which is significantly faster than traditional CCDs. In particular, it is the combination of these features which makes PERCIVAL an attractive option for soft X-ray science.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Correa
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Mehrjoo
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Battistelli
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - F. Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging CUI, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - A. Marras
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - C. B. Wunderer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - T. Hirono
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Felk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - F. Krivan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Lange
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I. Shevyakov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - V. Vardanyan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Zimmer
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Hoesch
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Bagschik
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - N. Guerrini
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - B. Marsh
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - I. Sedgwick
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - G. Cautero
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - L. Stebel
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | | | - R. H. Menk
- Elettra Sincrotrone Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada S7N 5A2
| | - A. Greer
- Observatory Sciences Ltd, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T. Nicholls
- Science and Technology Faculties STFC, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory RAL, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - W. Nichols
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - U. Pedersen
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | | | - N. Tartoni
- Diamond Light Source, Didcot, United Kingdom
| | - H. J. Hyun
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S. H. Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - S. Y. Park
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - K. S. Kim
- Pohang Accelerator Laboratory PAL, Pohang, Gyeongbuk 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - F. Orsini
- Synchrotron SOLEIL, Saint Aubin, France
| | | | - F. Büttner
- Helmholtz Zentrum Berlin HZB, Hahn-Meitner-Platz 1, Berlin, Germany
| | - B. Pfau
- Max-Born-Institute MBI, Max-Born-Straße 2A, Berlin, Germany
| | - E. Plönjes
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - K. Kharitonov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - M. Ruiz-Lopez
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - R. Pan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - S. Gang
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - B. Keitel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - H. Graafsma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Mid Sweden University, Sundsvall, Sweden
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8
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Ladd-Parada M, Li H, Karina A, Kim KH, Perakis F, Reiser M, Dallari F, Striker N, Sprung M, Westermeier F, Grübel G, Nilsson A, Lehmkühler F, Amann-Winkel K. Using coherent X-rays to follow dynamics in amorphous ices. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE: ATMOSPHERES 2022; 2:1314-1323. [PMID: 36561555 PMCID: PMC9648632 DOI: 10.1039/d2ea00052k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid water plays an important role in our overall understanding of water's phase diagram. X-ray scattering is an important tool for characterising the different states of water, and modern storage ring and XFEL facilities have opened up new pathways to simultaneously study structure and dynamics. Here, X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) was used to study the dynamics of high-density amorphous (HDA) ice upon heating. We follow the structural transition from HDA to low-density amorphous (LDA) ice, by using wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS), for different heating rates. We used a new type of sample preparation, which allowed us to study μm-sized ice layers rather than powdered bulk samples. The study focuses on the non-equilibrium dynamics during fast heating, spontaneous transformation and crystallization. Performing the XPCS study at ultra-small angle (USAXS) geometry allows us to characterize the transition dynamics at length scales ranging from 60 nm-800 nm. For the HDA-LDA transition we observe a clear separation in three dynamical regimes, which show different dynamical crossovers at different length scales. The crystallization from LDA, instead, is observed to appear homogenously throughout the studied length scales.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Hailong Li
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden,Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128 MainzGermany
| | - Aigerim Karina
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Kyung Hwan Kim
- Department of ChemistryPOSTECHPohang 37673Republic of Korea
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | - Nele Striker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany
| | | | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany,Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany
| | - Anders Nilsson
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESYNotkestr. 8522607 HamburgGermany,Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast ImagingLuruper Chaussee 14922761 HamburgGermany
| | - Katrin Amann-Winkel
- Department of Physics, Stockholm UniversityRoslagstullsbacken 2110691 StockholmSweden,Max-Planck-Institute for Polymer ResearchAckermannweg 1055128 MainzGermany,Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg University MainzStaudingerweg 755128 MainzGermany
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9
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Xu Y, Sikorski M, Fan J, Jiang H, Liu Z. Thermal effects of beam profiles on X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy at megahertz X-ray free-electron lasers. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:42639-42648. [PMID: 36366714 DOI: 10.1364/oe.464852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with megahertz repetition rates enable X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) studies of fast dynamics on microsecond and sub-microsecond time scales. Beam-induced sample heating is one of the central concerns in these studies, as the interval time is often insufficient for heat dissipation. Despite the great efforts devoted to this issue, few have evaluated the thermal effects of X-ray beam profiles. This work compares the effective dynamics of three common beam profiles using numerical methods. Results show that under the same fluence, the effective temperatures increase with the nonuniformity of the beam, such that the Gaussian beam profile yields a higher effective temperature than the donut-like and uniform profiles. Moreover, decreasing the beam sizes is found to reduce beam-induced thermal effects, in particular the effects of beam profiles.
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10
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Reiser M, Girelli A, Ragulskaya A, Das S, Berkowicz S, Bin M, Ladd-Parada M, Filianina M, Poggemann HF, Begam N, Akhundzadeh MS, Timmermann S, Randolph L, Chushkin Y, Seydel T, Boesenberg U, Hallmann J, Möller J, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Rosca R, Schaffer R, Scholz M, Shayduk R, Zozulya A, Madsen A, Schreiber F, Zhang F, Perakis F, Gutt C. Resolving molecular diffusion and aggregation of antibody proteins with megahertz X-ray free-electron laser pulses. Nat Commun 2022; 13:5528. [PMID: 36130930 PMCID: PMC9490738 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33154-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) with megahertz repetition rate can provide novel insights into structural dynamics of biological macromolecule solutions. However, very high dose rates can lead to beam-induced dynamics and structural changes due to radiation damage. Here, we probe the dynamics of dense antibody protein (Ig-PEG) solutions using megahertz X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (MHz-XPCS) at the European XFEL. By varying the total dose and dose rate, we identify a regime for measuring the motion of proteins in their first coordination shell, quantify XFEL-induced effects such as driven motion, and map out the extent of agglomeration dynamics. The results indicate that for average dose rates below 1.06 kGy μs-1 in a time window up to 10 μs, it is possible to capture the protein dynamics before the onset of beam induced aggregation. We refer to this approach as correlation before aggregation and demonstrate that MHz-XPCS bridges an important spatio-temporal gap in measurement techniques for biological samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Reiser
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Anita Girelli
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Anastasia Ragulskaya
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sudipta Das
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sharon Berkowicz
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maddalena Bin
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marjorie Ladd-Parada
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Mariia Filianina
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Hanna-Friederike Poggemann
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.,Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nafisa Begam
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | - Sonja Timmermann
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Lisa Randolph
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072, Siegen, Germany
| | - Yuriy Chushkin
- ESRF - The European Synchrotron, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Tilo Seydel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 20156, 38042, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Ulrike Boesenberg
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Robert Rosca
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Robert Schaffer
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Alexey Zozulya
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-Ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869, Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Frank Schreiber
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fajun Zhang
- Institut für Angewandte Physik, Universität Tübingen, Auf der Morgenstelle 10, 72076, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Fivos Perakis
- Department of Physics, AlbaNova University Center, Stockholm University, SE-106 91, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Christian Gutt
- Department Physik, Universität Siegen, Walter-Flex-Strasse 3, 57072, Siegen, Germany.
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11
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Jo W, Rysov R, Westermeier F, Walther M, Müller L, Philippi-Kobs A, Riepp M, Marotzke S, Lokteva I, Sprung M, Grübel G, Roseker W. Demonstration of 3D photon correlation spectroscopy in the hard X-ray regime. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:293-296. [PMID: 35030590 DOI: 10.1364/ol.444190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional photon correlation spectroscopy (3D PCS) is a well-known technique developed to suppress multiple scattering contributions in correlation functions, which are inevitably involved when an optical laser is employed to investigate dynamics in a turbid system. Here, we demonstrate a proof-of-principle study of 3D PCS in the hard X-ray regime. We employ an X-ray optical cross-correlator to measure the dynamics of silica colloidal nanoparticles dispersed in polypropylene glycol. The obtained cross correlation functions show very good agreement with auto-correlation measurements. This demonstration provides the foundation for X-ray speckle-based studies of very densely packed soft matter systems.
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12
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Dallari F, Jain A, Sikorski M, Möller J, Bean R, Boesenberg U, Frenzel L, Goy C, Hallmann J, Kim Y, Lokteva I, Markmann V, Mills G, Rodriguez-Fernandez A, Roseker W, Scholz M, Shayduk R, Vagovic P, Walther M, Westermeier F, Madsen A, Mancuso AP, Grübel G, Lehmkühler F. Microsecond hydrodynamic interactions in dense colloidal dispersions probed at the European XFEL. IUCRJ 2021; 8:775-783. [PMID: 34584738 PMCID: PMC8420773 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252521006333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Many soft-matter systems are composed of macromolecules or nanoparticles suspended in water. The characteristic times at intrinsic length scales of a few nanometres fall therefore in the microsecond and sub-microsecond time regimes. With the development of free-electron lasers (FELs) and fourth-generation synchrotron light-sources, time-resolved experiments in such time and length ranges will become routinely accessible in the near future. In the present work we report our findings on prototypical soft-matter systems, composed of charge-stabilized silica nanoparticles dispersed in water, with radii between 12 and 15 nm and volume fractions between 0.005 and 0.2. The sample dynamics were probed by means of X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy, employing the megahertz pulse repetition rate of the European XFEL and the Adaptive Gain Integrating Pixel Detector. We show that it is possible to correctly identify the dynamical properties that determine the diffusion constant, both for stationary samples and for systems driven by XFEL pulses. Remarkably, despite the high photon density the only observable induced effect is the heating of the scattering volume, meaning that all other X-ray induced effects do not influence the structure and the dynamics on the probed timescales. This work also illustrates the potential to control such induced heating and it can be predicted with thermodynamic models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Dallari
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Avni Jain
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Marcin Sikorski
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Johannes Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Richard Bean
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Lara Frenzel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Claudia Goy
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jörg Hallmann
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Yoonhee Kim
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Irina Lokteva
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Grant Mills
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | | | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Markus Scholz
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Roman Shayduk
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Patrik Vagovic
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Michael Walther
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anders Madsen
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - Adrian P. Mancuso
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
- Department of Chemistry and Physics, La Trobe Institute for Molecular Science, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VC 3086, Australia
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Felix Lehmkühler
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
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13
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From Femtoseconds to Hours—Measuring Dynamics over 18 Orders of Magnitude with Coherent X-rays. APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/app11136179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) enables the study of sample dynamics between micrometer and atomic length scales. As a coherent scattering technique, it benefits from the increased brilliance of the next-generation synchrotron radiation and Free-Electron Laser (FEL) sources. In this article, we will introduce the XPCS concepts and review the latest developments of XPCS with special attention on the extension of accessible time scales to sub-μs and the application of XPCS at FELs. Furthermore, we will discuss future opportunities of XPCS and the related technique X-ray speckle visibility spectroscopy (XSVS) at new X-ray sources. Due to its particular signal-to-noise ratio, the time scales accessible by XPCS scale with the square of the coherent flux, allowing to dramatically extend its applications. This will soon enable studies over more than 18 orders of magnitude in time by XPCS and XSVS.
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14
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Brausse F, Borgwardt M, Mahl J, Fraund M, Roth F, Blum M, Eberhardt W, Gessner O. Real-time interfacial electron dynamics revealed through temporal correlations in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2021; 8:044301. [PMID: 34258326 PMCID: PMC8270649 DOI: 10.1063/4.0000099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel technique to monitor dynamics in interfacial systems through temporal correlations in x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) signals. To date, the vast majority of time-resolved x-ray spectroscopy techniques rely on pump-probe schemes, in which the sample is excited out of equilibrium by a pump pulse, and the subsequent dynamics are monitored by probe pulses arriving at a series of well-defined delays relative to the excitation. By definition, this approach is restricted to processes that can either directly or indirectly be initiated by light. It cannot access spontaneous dynamics or the microscopic fluctuations of ensembles in chemical or thermal equilibrium. Enabling this capability requires measurements to be performed in real (laboratory) time with high temporal resolution and, ultimately, without the need for a well-defined trigger event. The time-correlation XPS technique presented here is a first step toward this goal. The correlation-based technique is implemented by extending an existing optical-laser pump/multiple x-ray probe setup by the capability to record the kinetic energy and absolute time of arrival of every detected photoelectron. The method is benchmarked by monitoring energy-dependent, periodic signal modulations in a prototypical time-resolved XPS experiment on photoinduced surface-photovoltage dynamics in silicon, using both conventional pump-probe data acquisition, and the new technique based on laboratory time. The two measurements lead to the same result. The findings provide a critical milestone toward the overarching goal of studying equilibrium dynamics at surfaces and interfaces through time correlation-based XPS measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felix Brausse
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Mario Borgwardt
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | | | - Matthew Fraund
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - Friedrich Roth
- Institute of Experimental Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, 09599 Freiberg, Germany
| | | | | | - Oliver Gessner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
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15
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Abstract
We developed a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument at the hard X-ray beamline of the Pohang Accelerator Laboratory X-ray Free Electron Laser (PAL-XFEL). This experimental platform was established to conduct a variety of XFEL experiments, including coherent diffraction imaging (CDI), X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS), and coherent X-ray scattering (CXS). Based on the forward-scattering geometry, this instrument utilizes a fixed-target method for sample delivery. It is well optimized for single-shot-based experiments in which one expects to observe the ultrafast phenomena of nanoparticles at picosecond temporal and nanometer spatial resolutions. In this paper, we introduce a single-shot coherent X-ray imaging instrument and report pump–probe coherent diffraction imaging (PPCDI) of Ag nanoparticles as an example of its applications.
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16
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Madsen A, Hallmann J, Ansaldi G, Roth T, Lu W, Kim C, Boesenberg U, Zozulya A, Möller J, Shayduk R, Scholz M, Bartmann A, Schmidt A, Lobato I, Sukharnikov K, Reiser M, Kazarian K, Petrov I. Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:637-649. [PMID: 33650576 PMCID: PMC7941285 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577521001302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The Materials Imaging and Dynamics (MID) instrument at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser (EuXFEL) facility is described. EuXFEL is the first hard X-ray free-electron laser operating in the MHz repetition range which provides novel science opportunities. The aim of MID is to enable studies of nano-structured materials, liquids, and soft- and hard-condensed matter using the bright X-ray beams generated by EuXFEL. Particular emphasis is on studies of structure and dynamics in materials by coherent scattering and imaging using hard X-rays. Commission of MID started at the end of 2018 and first experiments were performed in 2019.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Madsen
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J. Hallmann
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - G. Ansaldi
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - T. Roth
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - W. Lu
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - C. Kim
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - U. Boesenberg
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Zozulya
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - J. Möller
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - R. Shayduk
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Scholz
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Bartmann
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - A. Schmidt
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - I. Lobato
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K. Sukharnikov
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - M. Reiser
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - K. Kazarian
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
| | - I. Petrov
- European X-ray Free-Electron Laser Facility, Holzkoppel 4, 22869 Schenefeld, Germany
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17
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Jo W, Westermeier F, Rysov R, Leupold O, Schulz F, Tober S, Markmann V, Sprung M, Ricci A, Laurus T, Aschkan A, Klyuev A, Trunk U, Graafsma H, Grübel G, Roseker W. Nanosecond X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy using pulse time structure of a storage-ring source. IUCRJ 2021; 8:124-130. [PMID: 33520248 PMCID: PMC7792991 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252520015778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) is a routine technique to study slow dynamics in complex systems at storage-ring sources. Achieving nanosecond time resolution with the conventional XPCS technique is, however, still an experimentally challenging task requiring fast detectors and sufficient photon flux. Here, the result of a nanosecond XPCS study of fast colloidal dynamics is shown by employing an adaptive gain integrating pixel detector (AGIPD) operated at frame rates of the intrinsic pulse structure of the storage ring. Correlation functions from single-pulse speckle patterns with the shortest correlation time of 192 ns have been calculated. These studies provide an important step towards routine fast XPCS studies at storage rings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wonhyuk Jo
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Fabian Westermeier
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rustam Rysov
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Olaf Leupold
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Florian Schulz
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Steffen Tober
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Grindelallee 117, 20146 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Verena Markmann
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Michael Sprung
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Allesandro Ricci
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Torsten Laurus
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Allahgholi Aschkan
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alexander Klyuev
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Ulrich Trunk
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Heinz Graafsma
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Grübel
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Centre for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Wojciech Roseker
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Notkestr. 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
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18
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Zhang Q, Dufresne EM, Nakaye Y, Jemian PR, Sakumura T, Sakuma Y, Ferrara JD, Maj P, Hassan A, Bahadur D, Ramakrishnan S, Khan F, Veseli S, Sandy AR, Schwarz N, Narayanan S. 20 µs-resolved high-throughput X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy on a 500k pixel detector enabled by data-management workflow. JOURNAL OF SYNCHROTRON RADIATION 2021; 28:259-265. [PMID: 33399576 DOI: 10.1107/s1600577520014319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The performance of the new 52 kHz frame rate Rigaku XSPA-500k detector was characterized on beamline 8-ID-I at the Advanced Photon Source at Argonne for X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) applications. Due to the large data flow produced by this detector (0.2 PB of data per 24 h of continuous operation), a workflow system was deployed that uses the Advanced Photon Source data-management (DM) system and high-performance software to rapidly reduce area-detector data to multi-tau and two-time correlation functions in near real time, providing human-in-the-loop feedback to experimenters. The utility and performance of the workflow system are demonstrated via its application to a variety of small-angle XPCS measurements acquired from different detectors in different XPCS measurement modalities. The XSPA-500k detector, the software and the DM workflow system allow for the efficient acquisition and reduction of up to ∼109 area-detector data frames per day, facilitating the application of XPCS to measuring samples with weak scattering and fast dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingteng Zhang
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Eric M Dufresne
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Yasukazu Nakaye
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Pete R Jemian
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Takuto Sakumura
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yasutaka Sakuma
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Joseph D Ferrara
- XRD Design and Engineering Department, Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubara-cho, Akishima-shi, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Piotr Maj
- AGH University of Science and Technology, av. Mickiewicza 30, Krakow 30-059, Poland
| | - Asra Hassan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Divya Bahadur
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Subramanian Ramakrishnan
- Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Tallahassee, FL 32310, USA
| | - Faisal Khan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Sinisa Veseli
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Alec R Sandy
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Nicholas Schwarz
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
| | - Suresh Narayanan
- X-ray Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, IL 60439, USA
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19
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Marcus G, Halavanau A, Huang Z, Krzywinski J, MacArthur J, Margraf R, Raubenheimer T, Zhu D. Refractive Guide Switching a Regenerative Amplifier Free-Electron Laser for High Peak and Average Power Hard X Rays. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:254801. [PMID: 33416365 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.254801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present an x-ray regenerative amplifier free-electron laser design capable of producing fully coherent hard x-ray pulses across a broad tuning range at a high steady state repetition rate. The scheme leverages a strong undulator taper and an apertured diamond output-coupling cavity crystal to produce both high peak and average spectral brightness radiation that is 2 to 3 orders of magnitude greater than conventional single-pass self-amplified spontaneous emission free-electron laser amplifiers. Refractive guiding in the postsaturation regime is found to play a key role in passively controlling the stored cavity power. The scheme is explored both analytically and numerically in the context of the Linac Coherent Light Source II High Energy upgrade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Marcus
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Alex Halavanau
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Zhirong Huang
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Jacek Krzywinski
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - James MacArthur
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Rachel Margraf
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Tor Raubenheimer
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
| | - Diling Zhu
- SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Menlo Park, California 94025, USA
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20
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The Effect of Intensity Fluctuations on Sequential X-ray Photon Correlation Spectroscopy at the X-ray Free Electron Laser Facilities. CRYSTALS 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/cryst10121109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
How materials evolve at thermal equilibrium and under external excitations at small length and time scales is crucial to the understanding and control of material properties. X-ray photon correlation spectroscopy (XPCS) at X-ray free electron laser (XFEL) facilities can in principle capture dynamics of materials that are substantially faster than a millisecond. However, the analysis and interpretation of XPCS data is hindered by the strongly fluctuating X-ray intensity from XFELs. Here we examine the impact of pulse-to-pulse intensity fluctuations on sequential XPCS analysis. We show that the conventional XPCS analysis can still faithfully capture the characteristic time scales, but with substantial decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio of the g2 function and increase in the uncertainties of the extracted time constants. We also demonstrate protocols for improving the signal-to-noise ratio and reducing the uncertainties.
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