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Iwamoto M, Matsuda T. Epigenetic memory of drug exposure history controls neural stem cell quiescence in the adult brain. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:711-712. [PMID: 37843197 PMCID: PMC10664123 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.382240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masakazu Iwamoto
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Taito Matsuda
- Department of Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
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Duerden EG, Guo T, Chau C, Chau V, Synnes A, Grunau RE, Miller SP. Association of Neonatal Midazolam Exposure With Hippocampal Growth and Working Memory Performance in Children Born Preterm. Neurology 2023; 101:e1863-e1872. [PMID: 37748888 PMCID: PMC10663014 DOI: 10.1212/wnl.0000000000207817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Early exposure to analgesics and sedatives is a key concern for later learning disorders in children. The hippocampus, a key region for learning and memory, may be selectively affected by exposure to benzodiazepines that are commonly used for sedation, particularly in the neonatal period. In this prospective cohort study, the long-term association of neonatal midazolam exposure, a widely used benzodiazepine in neonatal intensive care, with school age hippocampal growth was examined. Higher-order cognitive function in preterm born children was assessed in relation to hippocampal volumes. METHODS Very preterm born children underwent MRI to characterize the hippocampus and its subfields and neuropsychological testing. Generalized linear models were used to determine the predictors of 8-year hippocampal volumes. Children were assessed on the Wechsler Abbreviated Scales of Intelligence, Second Edition, and the Wechsler Intelligence Scales for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V). RESULTS A total of 140 preterm children who were 8 years of age participated, and 25 (18%) were exposed to midazolam as neonates. Reduced hippocampal volumes at age 8 years were associated with neonatal midazolam exposure (B = -400.2, 95% CI -14.37 to -786.03, p = 0.04), adjusting for neonatal clinical care factors. Boys exposed to higher doses of midazolam as neonates had smaller hippocampal volumes (χ2 = 14.4, p = 0.002) compared with nonexposed boys and girls (both, p < 0.03). Analysis of the hippocampal subfields in relation to neonatal midazolam dose revealed that higher doses were associated with smaller volumes of the subiculum (p = 0.008), a hippocampal-cortical relay region implicated in memory processes. Furthermore, smaller school age subiculum volumes predicted significantly lower working memory scores on the WISC-V (B = 0.04, 95% CI 0.01-0.07, p = 0.017). DISCUSSION Early midazolam exposure and the association with impaired hippocampal growth seem long-lasting and are most apparent in boys. Alterations in subiculum volumes may underlie hippocampus-dependent memory formation processes in preterm born children exposed to midazolam as neonates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma G Duerden
- From the Western University (E.G.D.), London; Hospital for Sick Children (T.G.), Toronto, Ontario; University of British Columbia (C.C., A.S., R.E.G., S.P.M.), Vancouver; and The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto (V.C.), Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ting Guo
- From the Western University (E.G.D.), London; Hospital for Sick Children (T.G.), Toronto, Ontario; University of British Columbia (C.C., A.S., R.E.G., S.P.M.), Vancouver; and The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto (V.C.), Ontario, Canada
| | - Cecil Chau
- From the Western University (E.G.D.), London; Hospital for Sick Children (T.G.), Toronto, Ontario; University of British Columbia (C.C., A.S., R.E.G., S.P.M.), Vancouver; and The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto (V.C.), Ontario, Canada
| | - Vann Chau
- From the Western University (E.G.D.), London; Hospital for Sick Children (T.G.), Toronto, Ontario; University of British Columbia (C.C., A.S., R.E.G., S.P.M.), Vancouver; and The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto (V.C.), Ontario, Canada
| | - Anne Synnes
- From the Western University (E.G.D.), London; Hospital for Sick Children (T.G.), Toronto, Ontario; University of British Columbia (C.C., A.S., R.E.G., S.P.M.), Vancouver; and The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto (V.C.), Ontario, Canada
| | - Ruth E Grunau
- From the Western University (E.G.D.), London; Hospital for Sick Children (T.G.), Toronto, Ontario; University of British Columbia (C.C., A.S., R.E.G., S.P.M.), Vancouver; and The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto (V.C.), Ontario, Canada
| | - Steven P Miller
- From the Western University (E.G.D.), London; Hospital for Sick Children (T.G.), Toronto, Ontario; University of British Columbia (C.C., A.S., R.E.G., S.P.M.), Vancouver; and The Hospital for Sick Children and University of Toronto (V.C.), Ontario, Canada
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Arzate-Mejia RG, Mansuy IM. Remembering through the genome: the role of chromatin states in brain functions and diseases. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:122. [PMID: 37041131 PMCID: PMC10090084 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02415-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chromatin is the physical substrate of the genome that carries the DNA sequence and ensures its proper functions and regulation in the cell nucleus. While a lot is known about the dynamics of chromatin during programmed cellular processes such as development, the role of chromatin in experience-dependent functions remains not well defined. Accumulating evidence suggests that in brain cells, environmental stimuli can trigger long-lasting changes in chromatin structure and tri-dimensional (3D) organization that can influence future transcriptional programs. This review describes recent findings suggesting that chromatin plays an important role in cellular memory, particularly in the maintenance of traces of prior activity in the brain. Inspired by findings in immune and epithelial cells, we discuss the underlying mechanisms and the implications for experience-dependent transcriptional regulation in health and disease. We conclude by presenting a holistic view of chromatin as potential molecular substrate for the integration and assimilation of environmental information that may constitute a conceptual basis for future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo G Arzate-Mejia
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Research Institute, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland
- Center for Neuroscience Zürich, University Zürich and ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Isabelle M Mansuy
- Laboratory of Neuroepigenetics, Brain Research Institute, Medical Faculty, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.
- Institute for Neuroscience, Department of Health Science and Technology, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology Zürich (ETHZ), Zurich, Switzerland.
- Center for Neuroscience Zürich, University Zürich and ETHZ, Zürich, Switzerland.
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Xu F, Cong P, Lu Z, Shi L, Xiong L, Zhao G. Integration of ATAC-Seq and RNA-Seq identifies key genes and pathways involved in the neuroprotection of S-adenosylmethionine against perioperative neurocognitive disorder. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:1942-1954. [PMID: 36942104 PMCID: PMC10024148 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2022] [Revised: 03/01/2023] [Accepted: 03/02/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The gene-regulatory landscape is highly dynamic in healthy and diseased brains. DNA methylation is a well-known epigenetic modification that regulates gene expression, and our previous study demonstrated that S-adenosylmethionine (SAM), a methylome modulator, was a neuroprotectant against perioperative neurocognitive disorder (PND). However, the underlying mechanism remains to be elucidated. Here, we integrated an assay for transposase-accessible chromatin by sequencing (ATAC-seq) and RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) to identify the key genes and pathways involved in the neuroprotection of SAM against PND. Our RNA-seq data demonstrated that genes involved in biological processes such as Wnt signaling, inflammatory response, transcription and long-term potentiation likely mediate the neuroprotection of SAM. Our ATAC-seq data provided comprehensive maps of chromatin accessibility changes induced by laparotomy and laparotomy + SAM treatment, and functional annotation of the regions with high variations in chromatin accessibility highlighted the role of the Wnt signaling pathway in PND pathogenesis and SAM treatment. Further motif analysis identified key transcription factors (e.g., CTCF, TFDP1, TCFL5, KLF15, ZBTB14, TFAP2E) that may participate in the neuroprotection of SAM. In conclusion, the current study provides an epigenomic perspective to understand the pathogenesis of PND and its treatment by SAM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Peilin Cong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain and Functional Modulation, Shanghai 200434, China
| | - Zhihong Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Liwen Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Lize Xiong
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain and Functional Modulation, Shanghai 200434, China
- Corresponding author at: Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, Shanghai Fourth People’s Hospital Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Translational Research Institute of Brain and Brain-Like Intelligence Affiliated to Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Brain and Functional Modulation, Shanghai 200434, China.
| | - Guanghou Zhao
- School of Ecology and Environment, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi'an 710129, China
- Corresponding author.
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An Update on Preclinical Research in Anesthetic-Induced Developmental Neurotoxicity in Nonhuman Primate and Rodent Models. J Neurosurg Anesthesiol 2023; 35:104-113. [PMID: 36745171 DOI: 10.1097/ana.0000000000000885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Zhang J, Chang Q, Rizzello L, Wu Y. Research progress on the effects and mechanisms of anesthetics on neural stem cells. IBRAIN 2022; 8:453-464. [PMID: 37786590 PMCID: PMC10528967 DOI: 10.1002/ibra.12071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to anesthetic drugs has been proven to seriously affect developing animals in terms of neural stem cells' (NSCs') proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis. This can severely hamper the development of physiological learning and memory skills. Studies on the effects of anesthetics on NSCs' proliferation and differentiation are thus reviewed here, with the aim to highlight which specific drug mechanisms are the least harmful to NSCs. PubMed has been used as the preferential searching database of relevant literature to identify studies on the effects and mechanisms of NSCs' proliferation and differentiation. It was concluded that propofol and sevoflurane may be the safest options for NSCs during pregnancy and in pediatric clinical procedures, while dexmedetomidine has been found to reduce opioid-related damage in NSCs. It was also found that the growth environment may impact neurodevelopment even more than narcotic drugs. Nonetheless, the current scientific literature available further highlights how more extensive clinical trials are absolutely required for corroborating the conclusion drawn here.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Zhang
- Department of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Quan‐Yuan Chang
- Department of AnesthesiologySouthwest Medical UniversityLuzhouChina
| | - Loris Rizzello
- Department of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of MilanMilanItaly
- National Institute of Molecular Genetics (INGM)MilanItaly
| | - You Wu
- Department of Family PlanningThe Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical UniversityGuizhouZunyiChina
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Chen K, Lu D, Yang X, Zhou R, Lan L, Wu Y, Wang C, Xu X, Jiang MH, Wei M, Feng X. Enhanced hippocampal neurogenesis mediated by PGC-1α-activated OXPHOS after neonatal low-dose Propofol exposure. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:925728. [PMID: 35966788 PMCID: PMC9363786 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.925728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Developing brain is highly plastic and can be easily affected. Growing pediatric usage of anesthetics during painless procedures has raised concerns about the effect of low-dose anesthetics on neurodevelopment. It is urgent to ascertain the neuronal effect of low-dose Propofol, a widely used anesthetic in pediatrics, on developing brains. Methods The behavioral tests after neonatal exposure to low-dose/high-dose Propofol in mice were conducted to clarify the cognitive effect. The nascent cells undergoing proliferation and differentiation stage in the hippocampus and cultured neural stem cells (NSCs) were further identified. In addition, single-nuclei RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq), NSCs bulk RNA-seq, and metabolism trials were performed for pathway investigation. Furthermore, small interfering RNA and stereotactic adenovirus injection were, respectively, used in NSCs and hippocampal to confirm the underlying mechanism. Results Behavioral tests in mice showed enhanced spatial cognitive ability after being exposed to low-dose Propofol. Activated neurogenesis was observed both in hippocampal and cultured NSCs. Moreover, transcriptome analysis of snRNA-seq, bulk RNA-seq, and metabolism trials revealed a significantly enhanced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) level in NSCs. Furthermore, PGC-1α, a master regulator in mitochondria metabolism, was found upregulated after Propofol exposure both in vivo and in vitro. Importantly, downregulation of PGC-1α remarkably prevented the effects of low-dose Propofol in activating OXPHOS and neurogenesis. Conclusions Taken together, this study demonstrates a novel alteration of mitochondrial function in hippocampal neurogenesis after low-dose Propofol exposure, suggesting the safety, even potentially beneficial effect, of low-dose Propofol in pediatric use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keyu Chen
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Dihan Lu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaoyu Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Liangtian Lan
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xuanxian Xu
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Mei Hua Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Stem Cells and Tissue Engineering, Center for Stem Cell Biology and Tissue Engineering, Ministry of Education, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Anatomy, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangdong Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Guangzhou, China
- Program of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, Affiliated Guangzhou Women and Children's Hospital, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ming Wei
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- Ming Wei
| | - Xia Feng
- Department of Anesthesiology, First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Xia Feng
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Chen X, Chen T, Dong C, Chen H, Dong X, Yang L, Hu L, Wang H, Wu B, Yao Y, Xiong Y, Xiong M, Lin Y, Zhou W. Deletion of CHD8 in cerebellar granule neuron progenitors leads to severe cerebellar hypoplasia, ataxia and psychiatric behavior in mice. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:859-869. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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