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Mishima E, O’Neill TJ, Hoefig KP, Chen D, Behrens G, Henkelmann B, Ito J, Nakagawa K, Heissmeyer V, Conrad M, Krappmann D. MALT1 inhibitor MI-2 induces ferroptosis by direct targeting of GPX4. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2507997122. [PMID: 40343971 PMCID: PMC12107143 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2507997122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Eikan Mishima
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg85764, Germany
- Department of Redox Molecular Medicine, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai980-8575, Japan
| | - Thomas J. O’Neill
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Group Signaling and Immunity, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Kai P. Hoefig
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Deng Chen
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Gesine Behrens
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Munich81377, Germany
| | - Bernhard Henkelmann
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg85764, Germany
| | - Junya Ito
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8572, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nakagawa
- Laboratory of Food Function Analysis, Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tohoku University, Sendai980-8572, Japan
| | - Vigo Heissmeyer
- Research Unit Molecular Immune Regulation, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Munich81377, Germany
- Institute for Immunology, Medical Faculty, Biomedical Center, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg85764, Germany
- Translational Redox Biology, Natural School of Sciences, Technical University of Munich, Garching85748, Germany
| | - Daniel Krappmann
- Research Unit Signaling and Translation, Group Signaling and Immunity, Molecular Targets and Therapeutics Center, Helmholtz Munich, Neuherberg85764, Germany
- Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Planegg-Martinsried82152, Germany
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Wang J, Liao L, Yang B, Miao B, Bernards R, Qin W, Sun C, Wang C. Reply to Mishima et al.: MALT1 modulates GPX4 expression by regulating its stability. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2025; 122:e2508813122. [PMID: 40343970 PMCID: PMC12107168 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2508813122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2025] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Long Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Division of Reproduction and Genetics, First Affiliated Hospital of University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei230027, China
| | - Beiping Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200032, China
- Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - René Bernards
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200032, China
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, Oncode Institute, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam1066 CX, The Netherlands
| | - Wenxin Qin
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200032, China
| | - Chong Sun
- Division Immune Regulation in Cancer, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg69120, Germany
| | - Cun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Systems Medicine for Cancer, Shanghai Cancer Institute, Renji Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai200032, China
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Zhang J, Tian T, Li X, Xu K, Lu Y, Li X, Zhao X, Cui Z, Wang Z, Zhou Y, Xu Y, Li H, Zhang Y, Du Y, Lv L, Xu Y. p53 inhibits OTUD5 transcription to promote GPX4 degradation and induce ferroptosis in gastric cancer. Clin Transl Med 2025; 15:e70271. [PMID: 40070026 PMCID: PMC11897053 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.70271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2024] [Revised: 02/13/2025] [Accepted: 03/04/2025] [Indexed: 03/15/2025] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastric cancer is one of the most prevalent malignant tumors within the digestive system, and ferroptosis playing a crucial role in its progression. Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), a key negative regulator of ferroptosis, is highly expressed in gastric cancer and contributes to tumor growth. Targeting the regulation of GPX4 has emerged as a promising approach to induce ferroptosis and develop effective therapy for gastric cancer. METHODS To confirm that OTUD5 is a deubiquitinase of GPX4 and regulates ferroptosis, we performed Western blotting, Co-IP, immunofluorescence, quantitative real-time PCR, Ub assay and flow cytometry experiments. To explore the physiological function of OUTD5, we knocked out the Otud5 gene in the mouse gastric cancer cell line (MFC) using CRISPR-Cas9 and eatablished the subcutaneous tumour model. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) analysis was used to inveatigate the pathological correlation in human gastric cancer. RESULTS We report that ovarian tumor domain-containing 5 (OTUD5) interacts with, deubiquitylates and stabilizes GPX4. OTUD5 depletion destabilizes GPX4, promotes lipid peroxidation and sensitizes gastric cancer cells to ferroptosis. Moreover, the p53 activator nutlin-3a suppresses OTUD5 transcription, leading to GPX4 degradation and ferroptosis of gastric cancer cells. Notably, only wild-type p53 has the capacity to inhibit OTUD5 transcription, while p53 mutations or deficiencies correlate with increased OTUD5 expression, promoting gastric cancer progression. Additionally, OTUD5 silencing and nutlin-3a-induced GPX4 degradation enhances the sensitivity of gastric cancer cells to ferroptosis in vivo. Subsequently, the p53/OTUD5/GPX4 axis is confirmed in clinical gastric cancer samples. CONCLUSION Collectively, these findings elucidate a mechanism whereby p53 inactivation upregulates OTUD5 transcription to deubiquitylate and stablize GPX4, resulting in ferroptosis inhibition and gastric cancer progression. This discovery highlights the potential therapeutic value of targeting OTUD5 to promote ferroptosis in p53-inactivated gastric cancer. KEY POINTS OTUD5 mediates GPX4 deubiquitination to regulate its stability. Deletion of OTUD5 promotes ferroptosis and inhibits tumor growth. Wild type p53 inhibits OTUD5 transcription, thereby promoting GPX4 degradation and inhibiting the development of gastric cancer. OTUD5, GPX4 expression and p53 activity are highly correlated and correlates with clinical progression in STAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjing Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Tongguan Tian
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinxing Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Kai Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yao Lu
- International & Talent OfficeTongji Hospital, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xia Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Xinyu Zhao
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Ziyi Cui
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Zhenxiang Wang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yuefan Zhou
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yixin Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Hongchen Li
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yu Du
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Lei Lv
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, MOE Key Laboratory of Metabolism and Molecular Medicine, School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan UniversityShanghaiChina
| | - Yanping Xu
- Department of Gastrointestinal SurgeryTongji Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Signaling and Disease Research, Frontier Science Center for Stem Cell Research, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Tongji UniversityShanghaiChina
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