1
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Obermann R, Yemane B, Jarvis C, Franco FM, Kyriukha Y, Nolan W, Gohara B, Krezel AM, Wildman SA, Janetka JW. Small Molecule Antagonists of the DNA Repair ERCC1/XPA Protein-Protein Interaction. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300648. [PMID: 38300970 PMCID: PMC11031295 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
The DNA excision repair protein ERCC1 and the DNA damage sensor protein, XPA are highly overexpressed in patient samples of cisplatin-resistant solid tumors including lung, bladder, ovarian, and testicular cancer. The repair of cisplatin-DNA crosslinks is dependent upon nucleotide excision repair (NER) that is modulated by protein-protein binding interactions of ERCC1, the endonuclease, XPF, and XPA. Thus, inhibition of their function is a potential therapeutic strategy for the selective sensitization of tumors to DNA-damaging platinum-based cancer therapy. Here, we report on new small-molecule antagonists of the ERCC1/XPA protein-protein interaction (PPI) discovered using a high-throughput competitive fluorescence polarization binding assay. We discovered a unique structural class of thiopyridine-3-carbonitrile PPI antagonists that block a truncated XPA polypeptide from binding to ERCC1. Preliminary hit-to-lead studies from compound 1 reveal structure-activity relationships (SAR) and identify lead compound 27 o with an EC50 of 4.7 μM. Furthermore, chemical shift perturbation mapping by NMR confirms that 1 binds within the same site as the truncated XPA67-80 peptide. These novel ERCC1 antagonists are useful chemical biology tools for investigating DNA damage repair pathways and provide a good starting point for medicinal chemistry optimization as therapeutics for sensitizing tumors to DNA damaging agents and overcoming resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cassie Jarvis
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Francisco M. Franco
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Yevhenii Kyriukha
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - William Nolan
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Beth Gohara
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andrzej M. Krezel
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Scott A. Wildman
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - James W. Janetka
- Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, 660 S. Euclid Ave., Box 8231, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
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2
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van den Heuvel D, Kim M, Wondergem AP, van der Meer PJ, Witkamp M, Lambregtse F, Kim HS, Kan F, Apelt K, Kragten A, González-Prieto R, Vertegaal ACO, Yeo JE, Kim BG, van Doorn R, Schärer OD, Luijsterburg MS. A disease-associated XPA allele interferes with TFIIH binding and primarily affects transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2208860120. [PMID: 36893274 PMCID: PMC10089173 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2208860120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
XPA is a central scaffold protein that coordinates the assembly of repair complexes in the global genome (GG-NER) and transcription-coupled nucleotide excision repair (TC-NER) subpathways. Inactivating mutations in XPA cause xeroderma pigmentosum (XP), which is characterized by extreme UV sensitivity and a highly elevated skin cancer risk. Here, we describe two Dutch siblings in their late forties carrying a homozygous H244R substitution in the C-terminus of XPA. They present with mild cutaneous manifestations of XP without skin cancer but suffer from marked neurological features, including cerebellar ataxia. We show that the mutant XPA protein has a severely weakened interaction with the transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) complex leading to an impaired association of the mutant XPA and the downstream endonuclease ERCC1-XPF with NER complexes. Despite these defects, the patient-derived fibroblasts and reconstituted knockout cells carrying the XPA-H244R substitution show intermediate UV sensitivity and considerable levels of residual GG-NER (~50%), in line with the intrinsic properties and activities of the purified protein. By contrast, XPA-H244R cells are exquisitely sensitive to transcription-blocking DNA damage, show no detectable recovery of transcription after UV irradiation, and display a severe deficiency in TC-NER-associated unscheduled DNA synthesis. Our characterization of a new case of XPA deficiency that interferes with TFIIH binding and primarily affects the transcription-coupled subpathway of nucleotide excision repair, provides an explanation of the dominant neurological features in these patients, and reveals a specific role for the C-terminus of XPA in TC-NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana van den Heuvel
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Mihyun Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, 44919Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Annelotte P. Wondergem
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Paula J. van der Meer
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Myrèse Witkamp
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Ferdy Lambregtse
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Hyun-Suk Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, 44919Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Folkert Kan
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katja Apelt
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Angela Kragten
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Román González-Prieto
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
- Andalusian Center for Molecular Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Sevilla, 41092Seville, Spain
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Seville, 41012Seville, Spain
| | - Alfred C. O. Vertegaal
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Jung-Eun Yeo
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, 44919Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Gyu Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, 44919Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Remco van Doorn
- Department of Dermatology, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZALeiden, The Netherlands
| | - Orlando D. Schärer
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, 44919Ulsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Biological Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, 44919Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Martijn S. Luijsterburg
- Department of Human Genetics, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZCLeiden, The Netherlands
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3
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Krasikova YS, Lavrik OI, Rechkunova NI. The XPA Protein-Life under Precise Control. Cells 2022; 11:cells11233723. [PMID: 36496984 PMCID: PMC9739396 DOI: 10.3390/cells11233723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a central DNA repair pathway responsible for removing a wide variety of DNA-distorting lesions from the genome. The highly choreographed cascade of core NER reactions requires more than 30 polypeptides. The xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein plays an essential role in the NER process. XPA interacts with almost all NER participants and organizes the correct NER repair complex. In the absence of XPA's scaffolding function, no repair process occurs. In this review, we briefly summarize our current knowledge about the XPA protein structure and analyze the formation of contact with its protein partners during NER complex assembling. We focus on different ways of regulation of the XPA protein's activity and expression and pay special attention to the network of post-translational modifications. We also discuss the data that is not in line with the currently accepted hypothesis about the functioning of the XPA protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S. Krasikova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Olga I. Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
| | - Nadejda I. Rechkunova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk 630090, Russia
- Correspondence:
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4
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D'Souza A, Blee AM, Chazin WJ. Mechanism of action of nucleotide excision repair machinery. Biochem Soc Trans 2022; 50:375-386. [PMID: 35076656 PMCID: PMC9275815 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2023]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a versatile DNA repair pathway essential for the removal of a broad spectrum of structurally diverse DNA lesions arising from a variety of sources, including UV irradiation and environmental toxins. Although the core factors and basic stages involved in NER have been identified, the mechanisms of the NER machinery are not well understood. This review summarizes our current understanding of the mechanisms and order of assembly in the core global genome (GG-NER) pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areetha D'Souza
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, U.S.A
| | - Alexandra M Blee
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, U.S.A
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Departments of Biochemistry and Chemistry, Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, U.S.A
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5
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Feltes BC. Every protagonist has a sidekick: Structural aspects of human xeroderma pigmentosum-binding proteins in nucleotide excision repair. Protein Sci 2021; 30:2187-2205. [PMID: 34420242 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Revised: 08/13/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
The seven xeroderma pigmentosum proteins (XPps), XPA-XPG, coordinate the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway, promoting the excision of DNA lesions caused by exposition to ionizing radiation, majorly from ultraviolet light. Significant efforts are made to investigate NER since mutations in any of the seven XPps may cause the xeroderma pigmentosum and trichothiodystrophy diseases. However, these proteins collaborate with other pivotal players in all known NER steps to accurately exert their purposes. Therefore, in the old and ever-evolving field of DNA repair, it is imperative to reexamine and describe their structures to understand NER properly. This work provides an up-to-date review of the protein structural aspects of the closest partners that directly interact and influence XPps: RAD23B, CETN2, DDB1, RPA (RPA70, 32, and 14), p8 (GTF2H5), and ERCC1. Structurally and functionally vital domains, regions, and critical residues are reexamined, providing structural lessons and perspectives about these indispensable proteins in the NER and other DNA repair pathways. By gathering all data related to the major human xeroderma pigmentosum-interacting proteins, this review will aid newcomers on the subject and guide structural and functional future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno César Feltes
- Department of Theoretical Informatics, Institute of Informatics, Department of Theoretical Informatics, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
- Department of Biophysics, Institute of Bioscience, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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6
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Wang H, Lautrup S, Caponio D, Zhang J, Fang EF. DNA Damage-Induced Neurodegeneration in Accelerated Ageing and Alzheimer's Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22136748. [PMID: 34201700 PMCID: PMC8268089 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22136748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
DNA repair ensures genomic stability to achieve healthy ageing, including cognitive maintenance. Mutations on genes encoding key DNA repair proteins can lead to diseases with accelerated ageing phenotypes. Some of these diseases are xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA, caused by mutation of XPA), Cockayne syndrome group A and group B (CSA, CSB, and are caused by mutations of CSA and CSB, respectively), ataxia-telangiectasia (A-T, caused by mutation of ATM), and Werner syndrome (WS, with most cases caused by mutations in WRN). Except for WS, a common trait of the aforementioned progerias is neurodegeneration. Evidence from studies using animal models and patient tissues suggests that the associated DNA repair deficiencies lead to depletion of cellular nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), resulting in impaired mitophagy, accumulation of damaged mitochondria, metabolic derailment, energy deprivation, and finally leading to neuronal dysfunction and loss. Intriguingly, these features are also observed in Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common type of dementia affecting more than 50 million individuals worldwide. Further studies on the mechanisms of the DNA repair deficient premature ageing diseases will help to unveil the mystery of ageing and may provide novel therapeutic strategies for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heling Wang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Sofie Lautrup
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Domenica Caponio
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
| | - Jianying Zhang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
- Xiangya School of Stomatology, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Evandro F. Fang
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Akershus University Hospital, University of Oslo, 1478 Lørenskog, Norway; (H.W.); (S.L.); (D.C.); (J.Z.)
- The Norwegian Centre on Healthy Ageing (NO-Age), 0010 Oslo, Norway
- Correspondence:
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7
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Galande AA, Saijo M, Ghaskadbi SS, Ghaskadbi S. Xeroderma pigmentosum A homolog from Hydra partially complements DNA repair defect in human XPA-deficient cells. J Biosci 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12038-021-00170-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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8
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Sabatella M, Pines A, Slyskova J, Vermeulen W, Lans H. ERCC1-XPF targeting to psoralen-DNA crosslinks depends on XPA and FANCD2. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:2005-2016. [PMID: 31392348 PMCID: PMC7228994 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-019-03264-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The effectiveness of many DNA-damaging chemotherapeutic drugs depends on their ability to form monoadducts, intrastrand crosslinks and/or interstrand crosslinks (ICLs) that interfere with transcription and replication. The ERCC1-XPF endonuclease plays a critical role in removal of these lesions by incising DNA either as part of nucleotide excision repair (NER) or interstrand crosslink repair (ICLR). Engagement of ERCC1-XPF in NER is well characterized and is facilitated by binding to the XPA protein. However, ERCC1-XPF recruitment to ICLs is less well understood. Moreover, specific mutations in XPF have been found to disrupt its function in ICLR but not in NER, but whether this involves differences in lesion targeting is unknown. Here, we imaged GFP-tagged ERCC1, XPF and ICLR-defective XPF mutants to investigate how in human cells ERCC1-XPF is localized to different types of psoralen-induced DNA lesions, repaired by either NER or ICLR. Our results confirm its dependence on XPA in NER and furthermore show that its engagement in ICLR is dependent on FANCD2. Interestingly, we find that two ICLR-defective XPF mutants (R689S and S786F) are less well recruited to ICLs. These studies highlight the differential mechanisms that regulate ERCC1-XPF activity in DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Sabatella
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex Pines
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Slyskova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- CeMM Research Centre for Molecular Medicine of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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9
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XPA: DNA Repair Protein of Significant Clinical Importance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21062182. [PMID: 32235701 PMCID: PMC7139726 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21062182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2020] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is activated in response to a broad spectrum of DNA lesions, including bulky lesions induced by platinum-based chemotherapeutic agents. Expression levels of NER factors and resistance to chemotherapy has been examined with some suggestion that NER plays a role in tumour resistance; however, there is a great degree of variability in these studies. Nevertheless, recent clinical studies have suggested Xeroderma Pigmentosum group A (XPA) protein, a key regulator of the NER pathway that is essential for the repair of DNA damage induced by platinum-based chemotherapeutics, as a potential prognostic and predictive biomarker for response to treatment. XPA functions in damage verification step in NER, as well as a molecular scaffold to assemble other NER core factors around the DNA damage site, mediated by protein–protein interactions. In this review, we focus on the interacting partners and mechanisms of regulation of the XPA protein. We summarize clinical oncology data related to this DNA repair factor, particularly its relationship with treatment outcome, and examine the potential of XPA as a target for small molecule inhibitors.
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10
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Topolska-Woś AM, Sugitani N, Cordoba JJ, Le Meur KV, Le Meur RA, Kim HS, Yeo JE, Rosenberg D, Hammel M, Schärer OD, Chazin WJ. A key interaction with RPA orients XPA in NER complexes. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:2173-2188. [PMID: 31925419 PMCID: PMC7038936 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz1231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The XPA protein functions together with the single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) binding protein RPA as the central scaffold to ensure proper positioning of repair factors in multi-protein nucleotide excision repair (NER) machinery. We previously determined the structure of a short motif in the disordered XPA N-terminus bound to the RPA32C domain. However, a second contact between the XPA DNA-binding domain (XPA DBD) and the RPA70AB tandem ssDNA-binding domains, which is likely to influence the orientation of XPA and RPA on the damaged DNA substrate, remains poorly characterized. NMR was used to map the binding interfaces of XPA DBD and RPA70AB. Combining NMR and X-ray scattering data with comprehensive docking and refinement revealed how XPA DBD and RPA70AB orient on model NER DNA substrates. The structural model enabled design of XPA mutations that inhibit the interaction with RPA70AB. These mutations decreased activity in cell-based NER assays, demonstrating the functional importance of XPA DBD-RPA70AB interaction. Our results inform ongoing controversy about where XPA is bound within the NER bubble, provide structural insights into the molecular basis for malfunction of disease-associated XPA missense mutations, and contribute to understanding of the structure and mechanical action of the NER machinery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka M Topolska-Woś
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA
| | - Norie Sugitani
- Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA
| | - John J Cordoba
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA
| | - Kateryna V Le Meur
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA
| | - Rémy A Le Meur
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA
| | - Hyun Suk Kim
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Eun Yeo
- Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Daniel Rosenberg
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Michal Hammel
- Molecular Biophysics and Integrated Bioimaging, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
| | - Orlando D Schärer
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Center for Genomic Integrity, Institute for Basic Science, Ulsan, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Department of Biochemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA.,Department of Chemistry, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37240-7917, USA
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11
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Beckwitt EC, Jang S, Carnaval Detweiler I, Kuper J, Sauer F, Simon N, Bretzler J, Watkins SC, Carell T, Kisker C, Van Houten B. Single molecule analysis reveals monomeric XPA bends DNA and undergoes episodic linear diffusion during damage search. Nat Commun 2020; 11:1356. [PMID: 32170071 PMCID: PMC7069974 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-15168-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) removes a wide range of DNA lesions, including UV-induced photoproducts and bulky base adducts. XPA is an essential protein in eukaryotic NER, although reports about its stoichiometry and role in damage recognition are controversial. Here, by PeakForce Tapping atomic force microscopy, we show that human XPA binds and bends DNA by ∼60° as a monomer. Furthermore, we observe XPA specificity for the helix-distorting base adduct N-(2'-deoxyguanosin-8-yl)-2-acetylaminofluorene over non-damaged dsDNA. Moreover, single molecule fluorescence microscopy reveals that DNA-bound XPA exhibits multiple modes of linear diffusion between paused phases. The presence of DNA damage increases the frequency of pausing. Truncated XPA, lacking the intrinsically disordered N- and C-termini, loses specificity for DNA lesions and shows less pausing on damaged DNA. Our data are consistent with a working model in which monomeric XPA bends DNA, displays episodic phases of linear diffusion along DNA, and pauses in response to DNA damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily C Beckwitt
- Program in Molecular Biophysics and Structural Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15260, USA
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Sunbok Jang
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | | | - Jochen Kuper
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Florian Sauer
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Nina Simon
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Johanna Bretzler
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Simon C Watkins
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA
| | - Thomas Carell
- Center for Integrated Protein Science at the Department of Chemistry, Ludwig Maximillian University of Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany
| | - Caroline Kisker
- Rudolf Virchow Center for Experimental Biomedicine, Institute for Structural Biology, University of Würzburg, 97080, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Bennett Van Houten
- UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, 15261, USA.
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12
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The C. elegans BRCA2-ALP/Enigma Complex Regulates Axon Regeneration via a Rho GTPase-ROCK-MLC Phosphorylation Pathway. Cell Rep 2019; 24:1880-1889. [PMID: 30110643 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2017] [Revised: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of specific neurons to regenerate their axons after injury is governed by cell-intrinsic regeneration pathways. However, the mechanisms regulating axon regeneration are not well understood. Here, we identify the brc-2 gene encoding a homolog of the mammalian BRCA2 tumor suppressor as a regulator of axon regeneration in Caenorhabditis elegans motor neurons. We show that the RHO-1/Rho GTPase-LET-502/ROCK (Rho-associated coiled-coil kinase)-regulatory non-muscle myosin light-chain (MLC-4/MLC) phosphorylation signaling pathway regulates axon regeneration. BRC-2 functions between RHO-1 and LET-502, suggesting that BRC-2 is required for the activation of LET-502 by RHO-1-GTP. We also find that one component that interacts with BRC-2, the ALP (α-actinin-associated LIM protein)/Enigma protein ALP-1, is required for regeneration and acts between LET-502 and MLC-4 phosphorylation. Furthermore, we demonstrate that ALP-1 associates with LET-502 and MLC-4. Thus, ALP-1 serves as a platform to activate MLC-4 phosphorylation mediated by the RHO-1-LET-502 signaling pathway.
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13
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Sakai Y, Hanafusa H, Pastuhov SI, Shimizu T, Li C, Hisamoto N, Matsumoto K. TDP2 negatively regulates axon regeneration by inducing SUMOylation of an Ets transcription factor. EMBO Rep 2019; 20:e47517. [PMID: 31393064 PMCID: PMC6776894 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201847517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 07/03/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
In Caenorhabditis elegans, the JNK MAP kinase (MAPK) pathway is important for axon regeneration. The JNK pathway is activated by a signaling cascade consisting of the growth factor SVH‐1 and its receptor tyrosine kinase SVH‐2. Expression of the svh‐2 gene is induced by axonal injury in a process involving the transcription factors ETS‐4 and CEBP‐1. Here, we find that svh‐14/mxl‐1, a gene encoding a Max‐like transcription factor, is required for activation of svh‐2 expression in response to axonal injury. We show that MXL‐1 binds to and inhibits the function of TDPT‐1, a C. elegans homolog of mammalian tyrosyl‐DNA phosphodiesterase 2 [TDP2; also called Ets1‐associated protein II (EAPII)]. Deletion of tdpt‐1 suppresses the mxl‐1 defect, but not the ets‐4 defect, in axon regeneration. TDPT‐1 induces SUMOylation of ETS‐4, which inhibits ETS‐4 transcriptional activity, and MXL‐1 counteracts this effect. Thus, TDPT‐1 interacts with two different transcription factors in axon regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Sakai
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Hanafusa
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Strahil Iv Pastuhov
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiro Shimizu
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Chun Li
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Naoki Hisamoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Kunihiro Matsumoto
- Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan
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14
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Sugasawa K. Mechanism and regulation of DNA damage recognition in mammalian nucleotide excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2019; 45:99-138. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.enz.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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15
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Faridounnia M, Folkers GE, Boelens R. Function and Interactions of ERCC1-XPF in DNA Damage Response. Molecules 2018; 23:E3205. [PMID: 30563071 PMCID: PMC6320978 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous proteins are involved in the multiple pathways of the DNA damage response network and play a key role to protect the genome from the wide variety of damages that can occur to DNA. An example of this is the structure-specific endonuclease ERCC1-XPF. This heterodimeric complex is in particular involved in nucleotide excision repair (NER), but also in double strand break repair and interstrand cross-link repair pathways. Here we review the function of ERCC1-XPF in various DNA repair pathways and discuss human disorders associated with ERCC1-XPF deficiency. We also overview our molecular and structural understanding of XPF-ERCC1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Faridounnia
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Gert E Folkers
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Rolf Boelens
- Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Padualaan 8, 3584 CH Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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16
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Pradhan S, Das P, Mattaparthi VSK. Characterizing the Binding Interactions between DNA-Binding Proteins, XPA and XPE: A Molecular Dynamics Approach. ACS OMEGA 2018; 3:15442-15454. [PMID: 31458200 PMCID: PMC6643373 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/01/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The scaffold nature of Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) protein makes it an important member of nucleotide excision repair (NER) that removes bulky DNA lesions with the help of various protein-protein interactions (PPI) and DNA-protein interactions. However, many structural insights of XPA's interaction and the binding patterns with other NER proteins are yet to be understood. Here, we have studied one such crucial PPI of XPA with another NER protein, Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPE), by using the previously identified binding site of XPA (residues 185-226) in the Assisted Model Building With Energy Refinement force-field-mediated dynamic system. We studied the relationship between XPA185-226-XPE complex using three different docked models. The major residues observed in all of the models that were responsible for the PPI of this complex were Arg20, Arg47, Asp51, and Leu57 from XPE and the residues Leu191, Gln192, Val193, Trp194, Glu198, Glu202, Glu205, Arg207, Glu209, Gln216, and Phe219 from XPE185-226. During the simulation study, the orientation of XPA was also noted to be changed by almost 180° in models 1 and 3, which remain unchanged in model 2, indicating that XPA interacts with XPE with its N-terminal end facing downward and C-terminal end facing upward. The same was concurrent with the binding of DNA-binding domain region of XPA (aa98-239) with XPE. The N-terminal of XPE was stretched for accommodating XPA. Using the per-residue energy decomposition analysis for the interface residues of all models, the binding affinity between these proteins were found to be dependent on R20, R47, and L57 of XPE and the residues L191, V193, W194, E198, E202, E205, R207, and F219 of XPA. The net binding free energy of the XPA185-226-XPE protein complex was found to be -48.3718 kcal mol-1 for model 1, -49.09 kcal mol-1 for model 2, and -56.51 kcal mol-1 for model 3.
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17
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Sabatella M, Theil AF, Ribeiro-Silva C, Slyskova J, Thijssen K, Voskamp C, Lans H, Vermeulen W. Repair protein persistence at DNA lesions characterizes XPF defect with Cockayne syndrome features. Nucleic Acids Res 2018; 46:9563-9577. [PMID: 30165384 PMCID: PMC6182131 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gky774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The structure-specific ERCC1-XPF endonuclease plays a key role in DNA damage excision by nucleotide excision repair (NER) and interstrand crosslink repair. Mutations in this complex can either cause xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) or XP combined with Cockayne syndrome (XPCS-complex) or Fanconi anemia. However, most patients carry compound heterozygous mutations, which confounds the dissection of the phenotypic consequences for each of the identified XPF alleles. Here, we analyzed the functional impact of individual pathogenic XPF alleles on NER. We show that XP-causing mutations diminish XPF recruitment to DNA damage and only mildly affect global genome NER. In contrast, an XPCS-complex-specific mutation causes persistent recruitment of XPF and the upstream core NER machinery to DNA damage and severely impairs both global genome and transcription-coupled NER. Remarkably, persistence of NER factors at DNA damage appears to be a common feature of XPCS-complex cells, suggesting that this could be a determining factor contributing to the development of additional developmental and/or neurodegenerative features in XP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariangela Sabatella
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan F Theil
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Ribeiro-Silva
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Jana Slyskova
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Karen Thijssen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Chantal Voskamp
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Hannes Lans
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
| | - Wim Vermeulen
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Erasmus MC, University Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, 3000 CA, The Netherlands
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18
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Pradhan S, Sarma H, Mattaparthi VSK. Investigation of the probable homo-dimer model of the Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) protein to represent the DNA-binding core. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2018; 37:3322-3336. [PMID: 30205752 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2018.1517051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA) protein functions as a primary damage verifier and as a scaffold protein in nucleotide excision repair (NER) in all higher organisms. New evidence of XPA's existence as a dimer and the redefinition of its DNA-binding domain (DBD) raises new questions regarding the stability and functional position of XPA in NER. Here, we have investigated XPA's dimeric status with respect to its previously defined DBD (XPA98-219) as well as with its redefined DBD (XPA98-239). We studied the stability of XPA98-210 and XPA98-239 homo-dimer systems using all-atom molecular dynamics simulation, and we have also characterized the protein-protein interactions (PPI) of these two homo-dimeric forms of XPA. After conducting the root mean square deviation (RMSD) analyses, it was observed that the XPA98-239 homo-dimer has better stability than XPA98-210. It was also found that XPA98-239 has a larger number of hydrogen bonds, salt bridges, and hydrophobic interactions than the XPA98-210 homo-dimer. We further found that Lys, Glu, Gln, Asn, and Arg residues shared the major contribution toward the intermolecular interactions in XPA homo-dimers. The binding free energy (BFE) analysis, which used the molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann method (MM-PBSA) and the generalized Born and surface area continuum solvation model (GBSA) for both XPA homo-dimers, also substantiated the positive result in favor of the stability of the XPA98-239 homo-dimer. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Pradhan
- a Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur , India
| | - Himakshi Sarma
- a Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur , India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- a Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology , Tezpur University , Tezpur , India
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19
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Distinct roles of XPF-ERCC1 and Rad1-Rad10-Saw1 in replication-coupled and uncoupled inter-strand crosslink repair. Nat Commun 2018; 9:2025. [PMID: 29795289 PMCID: PMC5966407 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-04327-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Yeast Rad1-Rad10 (XPF-ERCC1 in mammals) incises UV, oxidation, and cross-linking agent-induced DNA lesions, and contributes to multiple DNA repair pathways. To determine how Rad1-Rad10 catalyzes inter-strand crosslink repair (ICLR), we examined sensitivity to ICLs from yeast deleted for SAW1 and SLX4, which encode proteins that interact physically with Rad1-Rad10 and bind stalled replication forks. Saw1, Slx1, and Slx4 are critical for replication-coupled ICLR in mus81 deficient cells. Two rad1 mutations that disrupt interactions between Rpa1 and Rad1-Rad10 selectively disable non-nucleotide excision repair (NER) function, but retain UV lesion repair. Mutations in the analogous region of XPF also compromised XPF interactions with Rpa1 and Slx4, and are proficient in NER but deficient in ICLR and direct repeat recombination. We propose that Rad1-Rad10 makes distinct contributions to ICLR depending on cell cycle phase: in G1, Rad1-Rad10 removes ICL via NER, whereas in S/G2, Rad1-Rad10 facilitates NER-independent replication-coupled ICLR.
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20
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Guiraldelli MF, Felberg A, Almeida LP, Parikh A, de Castro RO, Pezza RJ. SHOC1 is a ERCC4-(HhH)2-like protein, integral to the formation of crossover recombination intermediates during mammalian meiosis. PLoS Genet 2018; 14:e1007381. [PMID: 29742103 PMCID: PMC5962103 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1007381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2017] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome segregation errors during meiosis result in the formation of aneuploid gametes and are the leading cause of pregnancy loss and birth defects in humans. Proper chromosome segregation requires pairwise associations of maternal and paternal homologous chromosomes. Chiasmata, which are the cytological manifestations of crossovers (COs), provide a physical link that holds the homologs together as a pair, facilitating their orientation on the spindle at meiosis I. Although CO-promoting activities ensure a balanced number and position of COs, their identity and mechanism of action in mammals remain understudied. Previous work in yeast and Arabidopsis has shown that Zip2 and Shoc1 are ortholog proteins with an important role in promoting the formation of COs. Our work is the first study in mammals showing the in vivo and in vitro function of mouse and human SHOC1. We show that purified recombinant human SHOC1, an XPF/MUS81 family member, preferentially binds branched DNA molecules but apparently lacks in vitro endonuclease activity, despite its conserved ERCC4-(HhH)2 core structure. Cytological observations suggest that initial steps of recombination are normal in a majority of spermatocytes from SHOC1 hypomorphic mice. However, late stages of recombination appear abnormal, as chromosomal localization of MLH1 is reduced. In agreement, chiasma formation is reduced, and cells arrest at metaphase I with a few lagging chromosomes and subsequent apoptosis. This analysis of SHOC1-deficient mice and the selective localization of SHOC1 to a subset of recombination sites show that SHOC1 acts at key mid-stage steps of the CO formation process. The formation of chromosome axial elements and homologous pairing are apparently normal, but synapsis is altered with SYCP1 frequently failing to extend the full length of the chromosome axes. Finally, we describe that SHOC1 interacts with TEX11, another protein important for the formation of COs, connecting SHOC1 to chromosome axis and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel F. Guiraldelli
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anna Felberg
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Luciana P. Almeida
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Aniruddha Parikh
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Rodrigo O. de Castro
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Roberto J. Pezza
- Oklahoma Medical Research Foundation, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Oklahoma Health Science Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America
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21
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Pradhan S, Mattaparthi VSK. Structural dynamics and interactions of Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA98–210) with damaged DNA. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2017; 36:3341-3353. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2017.1388285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sushmita Pradhan
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India
| | - Venkata Satish Kumar Mattaparthi
- Molecular Modelling and Simulation Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, Tezpur 784 028, Assam, India
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22
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Fujii N. Potential Strategies to Target Protein-Protein Interactions in the DNA Damage Response and Repair Pathways. J Med Chem 2017; 60:9932-9959. [PMID: 28654754 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This review article discusses some insights about generating novel mechanistic inhibitors of the DNA damage response and repair (DDR) pathways by focusing on protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of the key DDR components. General requirements for PPI strategies, such as selecting the target PPI site on the basis of its functionality, are discussed first. Next, on the basis of functional rationale and biochemical feasibility to identify a PPI inhibitor, 26 PPIs in DDR pathways (BER, MMR, NER, NHEJ, HR, TLS, and ICL repair) are specifically discussed for inhibitor discovery to benefit cancer therapies using a DNA-damaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoaki Fujii
- Department of Chemical Biology and Therapeutics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital , 262 Danny Thomas Place, MS1000, Memphis, Tennessee 38105, United States
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23
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Deng XD, Gao Q, Zhang W, Zhang B, Ma Y, Zhang LX, Muer C, Xie Y, Liu Y. The age-related expression decline of ERCC1 and XPF for forensic age estimation: A preliminary study. J Forensic Leg Med 2017; 49:15-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jflm.2017.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2016] [Revised: 03/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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24
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Jarrett SG, Carter KM, D'Orazio JA. Paracrine regulation of melanocyte genomic stability: a focus on nucleotide excision repair. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 30:284-293. [PMID: 28192636 PMCID: PMC5411317 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
UV radiation is a major environmental risk factor for the development of melanoma by causing DNA damage and mutations. Resistance to UV damage is largely determined by the capacity of melanocytes to respond to UV injury by repairing mutagenic photolesions. The nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway is the major mechanism by which cells correct UV photodamage. This multistep process involves the basic steps of damage recognition, isolation, localized strand unwinding, assembly of a repair complex, excision of the damage-containing strand 3' and 5' to the photolesion, synthesis of a sequence-appropriate replacement strand, and finally ligation to restore continuity of genomic DNA. In melanocytes, the efficiency of NER is regulated by several hormonal pathways including the melanocortin and endothelin signaling pathways. Elucidating molecular mechanisms by which melanocyte DNA repair is regulated offers the possibility of developing novel melanoma-preventive strategies to reduce UV mutagenesis, especially in UV-sensitive melanoma-prone individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart Gordon Jarrett
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
| | | | - John August D'Orazio
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Sciences, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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25
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Liang F, Guo Y, Hou S, Quan Q. Photonic-plasmonic hybrid single-molecule nanosensor measures the effect of fluorescent labels on DNA-protein dynamics. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2017; 3:e1602991. [PMID: 28560341 PMCID: PMC5446212 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1602991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Current methods to study molecular interactions require labeling the subject molecules with fluorescent reporters. However, the effect of the fluorescent reporters on molecular dynamics has not been quantified because of a lack of alternative methods. We develop a hybrid photonic-plasmonic antenna-in-a-nanocavity single-molecule biosensor to study DNA-protein dynamics without using fluorescent labels. Our results indicate that the fluorescein and fluorescent protein labels decrease the interaction between a single DNA and a protein due to weakened electrostatic interaction. Although the study is performed on the DNA-XPA system, the conclusion has a general implication that the traditional fluorescent labeling methods might be misestimating the molecular interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng Liang
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, 100 Edwin Land Boulevard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Yuzheng Guo
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, 100 Edwin Land Boulevard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
- College of Engineering, Swansea University, Swansea SA1 8EN, UK
| | - Shaocong Hou
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, 100 Edwin Land Boulevard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
| | - Qimin Quan
- Rowland Institute at Harvard University, 100 Edwin Land Boulevard, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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26
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Zambelli B, Uversky VN, Ciurli S. Nickel impact on human health: An intrinsic disorder perspective. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1714-1731. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 08/31/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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27
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Jarrett SG, Wolf Horrell EM, D'Orazio JA. AKAP12 mediates PKA-induced phosphorylation of ATR to enhance nucleotide excision repair. Nucleic Acids Res 2016; 44:10711-10726. [PMID: 27683220 PMCID: PMC5159552 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkw871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Loss-of-function in melanocortin 1 receptor (MC1R), a GS protein-coupled receptor that regulates signal transduction through cAMP and protein kinase A (PKA) in melanocytes, is a major inherited melanoma risk factor. Herein, we report a novel cAMP-mediated response for sensing and responding to UV-induced DNA damage regulated by A-kinase-anchoring protein 12 (AKAP12). AKAP12 is identified as a necessary participant in PKA-mediated phosphorylation of ataxia telangiectasia mutated and Rad3-related (ATR) at S435, a post-translational event required for cAMP-enhanced nucleotide excision repair (NER). Moreover, UV exposure promotes ATR-directed phosphorylation of AKAP12 at S732, which promotes nuclear translocation of AKAP12–ATR-pS435. This complex subsequently recruits XPA to UV DNA damage and enhances 5′ strand incision. Preventing AKAP12's interaction with PKA or with ATR abrogates ATR-pS435 accumulation, delays recruitment of XPA to UV-damaged DNA, impairs NER and increases UV-induced mutagenesis. Our results define a critical role for AKAP12 as an UV-inducible scaffold for PKA-mediated ATR phosphorylation, and identify a repair complex consisting of AKAP12–ATR-pS435-XPA at photodamage, which is essential for cAMP-enhanced NER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stuart G Jarrett
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - Erin M Wolf Horrell
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
| | - John A D'Orazio
- Markey Cancer Center, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA .,Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Toxicology and Cancer Biology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Pharmacology and Nutritional Science, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY 40536, USA
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Liu T, Huang J. Replication protein A and more: single-stranded DNA-binding proteins in eukaryotic cells. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin (Shanghai) 2016; 48:665-70. [PMID: 27151292 DOI: 10.1093/abbs/gmw041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/07/2016] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Single-stranded DNA-binding proteins (SSBs) play essential roles in DNA replication, recombinational repair, and maintenance of genome stability. In human, the major SSB, replication protein A (RPA), is a stable heterotrimer composed of subunits of RPA1, RPA2, and RPA3, each of which is conserved not only in mammals but also in all other eukaryotic species. In addition to RPA, other SSBs have also been identified in the human genome, including sensor of single-stranded DNA complexes 1 and 2 (SOSS1/2). In this review, we summarize our current understanding of how these SSBs contribute to the maintenance of genome stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Liu
- Department of Cell Biology and Program in Molecular Cell Biology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Jun Huang
- Life Sciences Institute and Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Sugitani N, Sivley RM, Perry KE, Capra JA, Chazin WJ. XPA: A key scaffold for human nucleotide excision repair. DNA Repair (Amst) 2016; 44:123-135. [PMID: 27247238 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2016.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is essential for removing many types of DNA lesions from the genome, yet the mechanisms of NER in humans remain poorly understood. This review summarizes our current understanding of the structure, biochemistry, interaction partners, mechanisms, and disease-associated mutations of one of the critical NER proteins, XPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norie Sugitani
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - Robert M Sivley
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - Kelly E Perry
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - John A Capra
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States
| | - Walter J Chazin
- Departments of Biochemistry, Biological Sciences, Biomedical Informatics, Chemistry, and Computer Science, and Vanderbilt Genetics Institute and Center for Structural Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232-7917, United States.
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Hung MH, Chen YL, Chu PY, Shih CT, Yu HC, Tai WT, Shiau CW, Chen KF. Upregulation of the oncoprotein SET determines poor clinical outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma and shows therapeutic potential. Oncogene 2016; 35:4891-902. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2016.21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is a highly versatile and efficient DNA repair process, which is responsible for the removal of a large number of structurally diverse DNA lesions. Its extreme broad substrate specificity ranges from DNA damages formed upon exposure to ultraviolet radiation to numerous bulky DNA adducts induced by mutagenic environmental chemicals and cytotoxic drugs used in chemotherapy. Defective NER leads to serious diseases, such as xeroderma pigmentosum (XP). Eight XP complementation groups are known of which seven (XPA-XPG) are caused by mutations in genes involved in the NER process. The eighth gene, XPV, codes for the DNA polymerase ɳ, which replicates through DNA lesions in a process called translesion synthesis (TLS). Over the past decade, detailed structural information of these DNA repair proteins involved in eukaryotic NER and TLS have emerged. These structures allow us now to understand the molecular mechanism of the NER and TLS processes in quite some detail and we have begun to understand the broad substrate specificity of NER. In this review, we aim to highlight recent advances in the process of damage recognition and repair as well as damage tolerance by the XP proteins.
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Mitotic regulator Nlp interacts with XPA/ERCC1 complexes and regulates nucleotide excision repair (NER) in response to UV radiation. Cancer Lett 2016; 373:214-21. [PMID: 26805762 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2016.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2015] [Revised: 01/10/2016] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cellular response to DNA damage, including ionizing radiation (IR) and UV radiation, is critical for the maintenance of genomic fidelity. Defects of DNA repair often result in genomic instability and malignant cell transformation. Centrosomal protein Nlp (ninein-like protein) has been characterized as an important cell cycle regulator that is required for proper mitotic progression. In this study, we demonstrate that Nlp is able to improve nucleotide excision repair (NER) activity and protects cells against UV radiation. Upon exposure of cells to UVC, Nlp is translocated into the nucleus. The C-terminus (1030-1382) of Nlp is necessary and sufficient for its nuclear import. Upon UVC radiation, Nlp interacts with XPA and ERCC1, and enhances their association. Interestingly, down-regulated expression of Nlp is found to be associated with human skin cancers, indicating that dysregulated Nlp might be related to the development of human skin cancers. Taken together, this study identifies mitotic protein Nlp as a new and important member of NER pathway and thus provides novel insights into understanding of regulatory machinery involved in NER.
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Hung MH, Wang CY, Chen YL, Chu PY, Hsiao YJ, Tai WT, Chao TT, Yu HC, Shiau CW, Chen KF. SET antagonist enhances the chemosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cells by reactivating protein phosphatase 2A. Oncotarget 2016; 7:638-55. [PMID: 26575017 PMCID: PMC4808023 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2015] [Accepted: 10/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
SET is known as a potent PP2A inhibitor, however, its oncogenic role including its tumorigenic potential and involvement in the development of chemoresistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has not yet been fully discussed. In present study, we investigated the oncogenic role of SET by SET-knockdown and showed that SET silencing impaired cell growth rate, colony formation and tumor sphere formation in A549 cells. Notably, silencing SET enhanced the pro-apoptotic effects of paclitaxel, while ectopic expression of SET diminished the sensitivity of NSCLC cells to paclitaxel. Since the SET protein was shown to affect chemosensitivity, we next examined whether combining a novel SET antagonist, EMQA, sensitized NSCLC cells to paclitaxel. Both the in vitro and in vivo experiments suggested that EMQA and paclitaxel combination treatment was synergistic. Importantly, we found that downregulating p-Akt by inhibiting SET-mediated protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) inactivation determined the pro-apoptotic effects of EMQA and paclitaxel combination treatment. To dissect the critical site for EMQA functioning, we generated several truncated SET proteins. By analysis of the effects of EMQA on the binding affinities of different truncated SET proteins to PP2A-catalytic subunits, we revealed that the 227-277 amino-acid sequence is critical for EMQA-induced SET inhibition. Our findings demonstrate the critical role of SET in NSCLC, particularly in the development of chemoresistance. The synergistic effects of paclitaxel and the SET antagonist shown in current study encourage further validation of the clinical potential of this combination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Man-Hsin Hung
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Oncology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Department of Medicine, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Program in Molecular Medicine, School of Life Science, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
- School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yi Wang
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Lin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yi Chu
- Department of Pathology, Show Chwan Memorial Hospital, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Yung-Jen Hsiao
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Tien Tai
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taiwan
- National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Ting Chao
- Medical Research Center, Cardinal Tien Hospital, Fu Jen Catholic University, New Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Chuan Yu
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taiwan
| | - Chung-Wai Shiau
- Institute of Biopharmaceutical Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kuen-Feng Chen
- Department of Medical Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taiwan
- National Center of Excellence for Clinical Trial and Research, National Taiwan University Hospital, Zhongzheng District, Taiwan
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Biomarkers in early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer: current concepts and future directions. J Thorac Oncol 2015; 9:1609-17. [PMID: 25185530 DOI: 10.1097/jto.0000000000000302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Advances in molecular biology and bioinformatics have resulted in the identification of a number of potential biomarkers that could be relevant in the management of patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Although there is an increasing amount of literature related to these biomarkers, major issues need to be resolved including validity and reproducibility of results. Additionally, in order to interpret the existing literature accurately, a clear distinction must be made between the prognostic and predictive value of biomarkers. The practical applicability of biomarker discovery for patients with lung cancer includes the identification of patients with early-stage NSCLC who are most likely to benefit from adjuvant therapy. Information gleaned from biomarkers has the potential to help in evaluating the role of targeted therapies including immunotherapy in the neoadjuvant and adjuvant setting. The role of gene signatures and the use of newer platforms such as RNA, methylation, and protein signatures is being explored in patients with early-stage NSCLC. This review focuses on the applications of biomarker discovery in patients with early-stage NSCLC.
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Manandhar M, Boulware KS, Wood RD. The ERCC1 and ERCC4 (XPF) genes and gene products. Gene 2015; 569:153-61. [PMID: 26074087 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2015.06.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Revised: 05/01/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The ERCC1 and ERCC4 genes encode the two subunits of the ERCC1-XPF nuclease. This enzyme plays an important role in repair of DNA damage and in maintaining genomic stability. ERCC1-XPF nuclease nicks DNA specifically at junctions between double-stranded and single-stranded DNA, when the single-strand is oriented 5' to 3' away from a junction. ERCC1-XPF is a core component of nucleotide excision repair and also plays a role in interstrand crosslink repair, some pathways of double-strand break repair by homologous recombination and end-joining, as a backup enzyme in base excision repair, and in telomere length regulation. In many of these activities, ERCC1-XPF complex cleaves the 3' tails of DNA intermediates in preparation for further processing. ERCC1-XPF interacts with other proteins including XPA, RPA, SLX4 and TRF2 to perform its functions. Disruption of these interactions or direct targeting of ERCC1-XPF to decrease its DNA repair function might be a useful strategy to increase the sensitivity of cancer cells to some DNA damaging agents. Complete deletion of either ERCC1 or ERCC4 is not compatible with viability in mice or humans. However, mutations in the ERCC1 or ERCC4 genes cause a remarkable array of rare inherited human disorders. These include specific forms of xeroderma pigmentosum, Cockayne syndrome, Fanconi anemia, XFE progeria and cerebro-oculo-facio-skeletal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mandira Manandhar
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Karen S Boulware
- The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Richard D Wood
- Department of Epigenetics & Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; The University of Texas Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Maltseva EA, Krasikova YS, Naegeli H, Lavrik OI, Rechkunova NI. Effect of point substitutions within the minimal DNA-binding domain of xeroderma pigmentosum group A protein on interaction with DNA intermediates of nucleotide excision repair. BIOCHEMISTRY (MOSCOW) 2015; 79:545-54. [PMID: 25100013 DOI: 10.1134/s000629791406008x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum factor A (XPA) is one of the key proteins in the nucleotide excision repair (NER) process. The effects of point substitutions in the DNA-binding domain of XPA (positively charged lysine residues replaced by negatively charged glutamate residues: XPA K204E, K179E, K141E, and tandem mutant K141E/K179E) on the interaction of the protein with DNA structures modeling intermediates of the damage recognition and pre-incision stages in NER were analyzed. All these mutations decreased the affinity of the protein to DNA, the effect depending on the substitution and the DNA structure. The mutant as well as wild-type proteins bind with highest efficiency partly open damaged DNA duplex, and the affinity of the mutants to this DNA is reduced in the order: K204E > K179E >> K141E = K141/179E. For all the mutants, decrease in DNA binding efficiency was more pronounced in the case of full duplex and single-stranded DNA than with bubble-DNA structure, the difference between protein affinities to different DNA structures increasing as DNA binding activity of the mutant decreased. No effect of the studied XPA mutations on the location of the protein on the partially open DNA duplex was observed using photoinduced crosslinking with 5-I-dUMP in different positions of the damaged DNA strand. These results combined with earlier published data suggest no direct correlation between DNA binding and activity in NER for these XPA mutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Maltseva
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Tian Y, Paramasivam M, Ghosal G, Chen D, Shen X, Huang Y, Akhter S, Legerski R, Chen J, Seidman MM, Qin J, Li L. UHRF1 contributes to DNA damage repair as a lesion recognition factor and nuclease scaffold. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1957-66. [PMID: 25818288 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 03/02/2015] [Accepted: 03/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
We identified ubiquitin-like with PHD and RING finger domain 1 (UHRF1) as a binding factor for DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) lesions through affinity purification of ICL-recognition activities. UHRF1 is recruited to DNA lesions in vivo and binds directly to ICL-containing DNA. UHRF1-deficient cells display increased sensitivity to a variety of DNA damages. We found that loss of UHRF1 led to retarded lesion processing and reduced recruitment of ICL repair nucleases to the site of DNA damage. UHRF1 interacts physically with both ERCC1 and MUS81, two nucleases involved in the repair of ICL lesions. Depletion of both UHRF1 and components of the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway resulted in increased DNA damage sensitivity compared to defect of each mechanism alone. These results suggest that UHRF1 promotes recruitment of lesion-processing activities via its affinity to recognize DNA damage and functions as a nuclease recruitment scaffold in parallel to the FA pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Tian
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Manikandan Paramasivam
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Gargi Ghosal
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ding Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Xi Shen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Yaling Huang
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Shamima Akhter
- Department of Genetics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Randy Legerski
- Department of Genetics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Junjie Chen
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Michael M Seidman
- Laboratory of Molecular Gerontology, National Institute on Aging, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Jun Qin
- Department of Biochemistry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Experimental Radiation Oncology, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA; Department of Genetics, the University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Gaur V, Wyatt HDM, Komorowska W, Szczepanowski RH, de Sanctis D, Gorecka KM, West SC, Nowotny M. Structural and Mechanistic Analysis of the Slx1-Slx4 Endonuclease. Cell Rep 2015; 10:1467-1476. [PMID: 25753413 PMCID: PMC4407285 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2014] [Revised: 01/16/2015] [Accepted: 02/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The SLX1-SLX4 endonuclease required for homologous recombination and DNA repair in eukaryotic cells cleaves a variety of branched DNA structures. The nuclease subunit SLX1 is activated by association with a scaffolding protein SLX4. At the present time, little is known about the structure of SLX1-SLX4 or its mechanism of action. Here, we report the structural insights into SLX1-SLX4 by detailing the crystal structure of Candida glabrata (Cg) Slx1 alone and in combination with the C-terminal region of Slx4. The structure of Slx1 reveals a compact arrangement of the GIY-YIG nuclease and RING domains, which is reinforced by a long α helix. Slx1 forms a stable homodimer that blocks its active site. Slx1-Slx4 interaction is mutually exclusive with Slx1 homodimerization, suggesting a mechanism for Slx1 activation by Slx4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vineet Gaur
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Księcia Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Haley D M Wyatt
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Weronika Komorowska
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Księcia Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Roman H Szczepanowski
- Biophysics Core Facility, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Księcia Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniele de Sanctis
- European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), 71 Avenue des Martyrs, CS 40220, 38043 Grenoble Cédex 9, France
| | - Karolina M Gorecka
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Księcia Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Stephen C West
- London Research Institute, Cancer Research UK, Clare Hall Laboratories, Blanche Lane, South Mimms, Herts EN6 3LD, UK
| | - Marcin Nowotny
- Laboratory of Protein Structure, International Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, 4 Księcia Trojdena Street, 02-109 Warsaw, Poland.
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Jordheim LP, Cros-Perrial E, Matera EL, Bouledrak K, Dumontet C. Expression of domains for protein-protein interaction of nucleotide excision repair proteins modifies cancer cell sensitivity to platinum derivatives and genomic stability. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2014; 41:817-24. [DOI: 10.1111/1440-1681.12282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lars Petter Jordheim
- Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon 1; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; INSERM U1052; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; CNRS UMR 5286; Lyon France
| | - Emeline Cros-Perrial
- Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon 1; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; INSERM U1052; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; CNRS UMR 5286; Lyon France
| | - Eva-Laure Matera
- Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon 1; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; INSERM U1052; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; CNRS UMR 5286; Lyon France
| | - Karima Bouledrak
- Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon 1; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; INSERM U1052; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; CNRS UMR 5286; Lyon France
| | - Charles Dumontet
- Université de Lyon; Lyon France
- Université de Lyon 1; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; INSERM U1052; Lyon France
- Cancer Research Center in Lyon; CNRS UMR 5286; Lyon France
- Hematology Department; Hospices Civils de Lyon; Pierre Bénite France
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40
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Birts CN, Sanzone AP, El-Sagheer AH, Blaydes JP, Brown T, Tavassoli A. Transcription of click-linked DNA in human cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014; 53:2362-5. [PMID: 24452865 PMCID: PMC4016740 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201308691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Click DNA ligation promises an alternative to the current enzymatic approaches for DNA assembly, with the ultimate goal of using efficient chemical reactions for the total chemical synthesis and assembly of genes and genomes. Such an approach would enable the incorporation of various chemically modified bases throughout long stretches of DNA, a feat not possible with current polymerase-based methods. An unequivocal requirement for this approach is the biocompatibility of the resulting triazole-linked DNA. The correct function of this unnatural DNA linker in human cells is demonstrated here by using a click-linked gene encoding the fluorescent protein mCherry. Reverse transcription of mRNA isolated from these cells and subsequent sequencing of the mCherry cDNA shows error-free transcription. Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is shown to not play a role in the observed biocompatibility by using a NER-deficient human cell line. This is the first example of a non-natural DNA linker being functional in a eukaryotic cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles N Birts
- Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD (UK)
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41
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Birts CN, Sanzone AP, El-Sagheer AH, Blaydes JP, Brown T, Tavassoli A. Transcription of Click-Linked DNA in Human Cells. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201308691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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42
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Hiltscher H, Rudnik R, Shaikhali J, Heiber I, Mellenthin M, Meirelles Duarte I, Schuster G, Kahmann U, Baier M. The radical induced cell death protein 1 (RCD1) supports transcriptional activation of genes for chloroplast antioxidant enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2014; 5:475. [PMID: 25295044 PMCID: PMC4172000 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2014.00475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The rimb1 (redox imbalanced 1) mutation was mapped to the RCD1 locus (radical-induced cell death 1; At1g32230) demonstrating that a major factor involved in redox-regulation genes for chloroplast antioxidant enzymes and protection against photooxidative stress, RIMB1, is identical to the regulator of disease response reactions and cell death, RCD1. Discovering this link let to our investigation of its regulatory mechanism. We show in yeast that RCD1 can physically interact with the transcription factor Rap2.4a which provides redox-sensitivity to nuclear expression of genes for chloroplast antioxidant enzymes. In the rimb1 (rcd1-6) mutant, a single nucleotide exchange results in a truncated RCD1 protein lacking the transcription factor binding site. Protein-protein interaction between full-length RCD1 and Rap2.4a is supported by H2O2, but not sensitive to the antioxidants dithiotreitol and ascorbate. In combination with transcript abundance analysis in Arabidopsis, it is concluded that RCD1 stabilizes the Rap2.4-dependent redox-regulation of the genes encoding chloroplast antioxidant enzymes in a widely redox-independent manner. Over the years, rcd1-mutant alleles have been described to develop symptoms like chlorosis, lesions along the leaf rims and in the mesophyll and (secondary) induction of extra- and intra-plastidic antioxidant defense mechanisms. All these rcd1 mutant characteristics were observed in rcd1-6 to succeed low activation of the chloroplast antioxidant system and glutathione biosynthesis. We conclude that RCD1 protects plant cells from running into reactive oxygen species (ROS)-triggered programs, such as cell death and activation of pathogen-responsive genes (PR genes) and extra-plastidic antioxidant enzymes, by supporting the induction of the chloroplast antioxidant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heiko Hiltscher
- Plant Science, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Jehad Shaikhali
- Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
- Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology, Umea Plant Science Center, Swedish University of Agricultural SciencesUmea, Sweden
| | - Isabelle Heiber
- Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Marina Mellenthin
- Plant Science, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Günter Schuster
- Plant Science, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
| | - Uwe Kahmann
- Molecular Cell Physiology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
| | - Margarete Baier
- Plant Science, Heinrich-Heine-University DüsseldorfDüsseldorf, Germany
- Plant Physiology, Freie Universität BerlinBerlin, Germany
- Plant Biochemistry and Physiology, Bielefeld UniversityBielefeld, Germany
- *Correspondence: Margarete Baier, Plant Physiology, Freie Universität Berlin, Königin-Luise-Straße 12-16, 14195 Berlin, Germany e-mail:
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Abstract
Nucleotide excision repair (NER) is the main pathway used by mammals to remove bulky DNA lesions such as those formed by UV light, environmental mutagens, and some cancer chemotherapeutic adducts from DNA. Deficiencies in NER are associated with the extremely skin cancer-prone inherited disorder xeroderma pigmentosum. Although the core NER reaction and the factors that execute it have been known for some years, recent studies have led to a much more detailed understanding of the NER mechanism, how NER operates in the context of chromatin, and how it is connected to other cellular processes such as DNA damage signaling and transcription. This review emphasizes biochemical, structural, cell biological, and genetic studies since 2005 that have shed light on many aspects of the NER pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orlando D Schärer
- Department of Pharmacological Sciences and Department of Chemistry, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11974-3400
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44
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Raynes R, Brunquell J, Westerheide SD. Stress Inducibility of SIRT1 and Its Role in Cytoprotection and Cancer. Genes Cancer 2013; 4:172-82. [PMID: 24020008 DOI: 10.1177/1947601913484497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Cells must continuously respond to stressful insults via the upregulation of cytoprotective pathways. The longevity factor and deacetylase SIRT1 plays a critical role in coordinating this cellular response to stress. SIRT1 activity and levels are regulated by cellular stressors, including metabolic, genotoxic, oxidative, and proteotoxic stress. As a stress sensor, SIRT1 impacts cell survival by deacetylating substrate proteins to drive the cell towards a cytoprotective pathway. Extreme stress conditions, however, can cause SIRT1 to lead cells down an apoptotic pathway instead. SIRT1 is frequently dysregulated in cancer cells and has been characterized to have a dual role as both an oncogene and a tumor suppressor, likely due to its pivotal function in regulating cytoprotection. Recently, the ability of SIRT1 to regulate HSF1-dependent induction of the heat shock response has highlighted another pathway through which SIRT1 can modulate cytoprotection. Activation of HSF1 results in the production of cytoprotective chaperones that can facilitate the transformed phenotype of cancer cells. In this review, we discuss the stress-dependent regulation of SIRT1. We highlight the role of SIRT1 in stress management and cytoprotection and emphasize SIRT1-dependent activation of HSF1 as a potential mechanism for cancer promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel Raynes
- Department of Cell Biology, Microbiology and Molecular Biology, College of Arts and Sciences, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA
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45
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Friboulet L, Postel-Vinay S, Sourisseau T, Adam J, Stoclin A, Ponsonnailles F, Dorvault N, Commo F, Saulnier P, Salome-Desmoulez S, Pottier G, André F, Kroemer G, Soria JC, Olaussen KA. ERCC1 function in nuclear excision and interstrand crosslink repair pathways is mediated exclusively by the ERCC1-202 isoform. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3298-306. [PMID: 24036546 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
ERCC1 (excision repair cross-complementation group 1) plays essential roles in the removal of DNA intrastrand crosslinks by nucleotide excision repair, and that of DNA interstrand crosslinks by the Fanconi anemia (FA) pathway and homology-directed repair processes (HDR). The function of ERCC1 thus impacts on the DNA damage response (DDR), particularly in anticancer therapy when DNA damaging agents are employed. ERCC1 expression has been proposed as a predictive biomarker of the response to platinum-based therapy. However, the assessment of ERCC1 expression in clinical samples is complicated by the existence of 4 functionally distinct protein isoforms, which differently impact on DDR. Here, we explored the functional competence of each ERCC1 protein isoform and obtained evidence that the 202 isoform is the sole one endowed with ERCC1 activity in DNA repair pathways. The ERCC1 isoform 202 interacts with RPA, XPA, and XPF, and XPF stability requires expression of the ERCC1 202 isoform (but none of the 3 others). ERCC1-deficient non-small cell lung cancer cells show abnormal mitosis, a phenotype reminiscent of the FA phenotype that can be rescued by isoform 202 only. Finally, we could not observe any dominant-negative interaction between ERCC1 isoforms. These data suggest that the selective assessment of the ERCC1 isoform 202 in clinical samples should accurately reflect the DDR-related activity of the gene and hence constitute a useful biomarker for customizing anticancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Friboulet
- Gustave Roussy; Villejuif, France; INSERM, U981; IRCIV; Villejuif, France; Département Hospitalo-Universitaire Thorax Innovation (DHU TORINO); Villejuif, France; Université Paris Sud; Kremlin-Bicêtre, France
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46
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Structural and sequence similarities of hydra xeroderma pigmentosum A protein to human homolog suggest early evolution and conservation. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 2013:854745. [PMID: 24083246 PMCID: PMC3780526 DOI: 10.1155/2013/854745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 07/31/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Xeroderma pigmentosum group A (XPA) is a protein that binds to damaged DNA, verifies presence of a lesion, and recruits other proteins of the nucleotide excision repair (NER) pathway to the site. Though its homologs from yeast, Drosophila, humans, and so forth are well studied, XPA has not so far been reported from protozoa and lower animal phyla. Hydra is a fresh-water cnidarian with a remarkable capacity for regeneration and apparent lack of organismal ageing. Cnidarians are among the first metazoa with a defined body axis, tissue grade organisation, and nervous system. We report here for the first time presence of XPA gene in hydra. Putative protein sequence of hydra XPA contains nuclear localization signal and bears the zinc-finger motif. It contains two conserved Pfam domains and various characterized features of XPA proteins like regions for binding to excision repair cross-complementing protein-1 (ERCC1) and replication protein A 70 kDa subunit (RPA70) proteins. Hydra XPA shows a high degree of similarity with vertebrate homologs and clusters with deuterostomes in phylogenetic analysis. Homology modelling corroborates the very close similarity between hydra and human XPA. The protein thus most likely functions in hydra in the same manner as in other animals, indicating that it arose early in evolution and has been conserved across animal phyla.
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47
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Lahiri S, Mehta GD, Ghosh SK. Iml3p, a component of the Ctf19 complex of the budding yeast kinetochore is required to maintain kinetochore integrity under conditions of spindle stress. FEMS Yeast Res 2013; 13:375-85. [DOI: 10.1111/1567-1364.12041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Revised: 01/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Gunjan D. Mehta
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Wadhwani Research Centre in Biosciences and Bioengineering (WRCBB); Indian Institute of Technology; Bombay; Powai; India
| | - Santanu Kumar Ghosh
- Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering; Wadhwani Research Centre in Biosciences and Bioengineering (WRCBB); Indian Institute of Technology; Bombay; Powai; India
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48
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Abstract
DNA repair is an important effector of anti-cancer drug resistance. In recent years, it has become apparent that DNA repair is an extremely complex process. Processes within DNA repair that may contribute to one or more drug resistance phenotypes include; O-6-alkyltransferase activity, base excision repair, mismatch repair, nucleotide excision repair, and gene specific repair. Clearly, several of these processes may show increased activity within any single cell, or tumor, at any one time. This review attempts to touch briefly upon the question of the distinctions between each of these specific pathways; and then seeks to expand on nucleotide excision repair as a possible effector of cellular and clinical resistance to platinum-based anticancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Reed
- Division of Clinical Sciences, National Cancer Institute, Building 10, Room 12N226, Bethesda, MD, 20892, U.S.A. E-mail,
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49
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McNeil EM, Melton DW. DNA repair endonuclease ERCC1-XPF as a novel therapeutic target to overcome chemoresistance in cancer therapy. Nucleic Acids Res 2012; 40:9990-10004. [PMID: 22941649 PMCID: PMC3488251 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gks818] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The ERCC1–XPF complex is a structure-specific endonuclease essential for the repair of DNA damage by the nucleotide excision repair pathway. It is also involved in other key cellular processes, including DNA interstrand crosslink (ICL) repair and DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair. New evidence has recently emerged, increasing our understanding of its requirement in these additional roles. In this review, we focus on the protein–protein and protein–DNA interactions made by the ERCC1 and XPF proteins and discuss how these coordinate ERCC1–XPF in its various roles. In a number of different cancers, high expression of ERCC1 has been linked to a poor response to platinum-based chemotherapy. We discuss prospects for the development of DNA repair inhibitors that target the activity, stability or protein interactions of the ERCC1–XPF complex as a novel therapeutic strategy to overcome chemoresistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewan M McNeil
- MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, MRC Human Genetics Unit, Western General Hospital, Crewe Road, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, UK
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50
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Liu Y, Bernauer AM, Yingling CM, Belinsky SA. HIF1α regulated expression of XPA contributes to cisplatin resistance in lung cancer. Carcinogenesis 2012; 33:1187-92. [PMID: 22467238 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Factors regulating nucleotide excision repair probably contribute to the heterogenous response of advanced stage lung cancer patients to drugs such as cisplatin. Studies to identify the genes in the nucleotide excision repair pathway most closely associated with resistance to cisplatin have not been conclusive. We hypothesized that Xeroderma pigmentosum complementation group A (XPA), because of its dual role in sensing and recruiting other DNA repair proteins to the damaged template, would be critical in defining sensitivity to cisplatin. Studies were conducted to identify factors regulating transcription of XPA, to assess its role in modulating sensitivity to cisplatin and its expression in primary lung tumors. Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha (HIF1α) subunit was found to bind with strong affinity to a hypoxia response element sequence in the promoter of XPA. Modulating expression of HIF1α by small interfering RNA or cobalt chloride markedly reduced or increased transcription of XPA in lung cancer cell lines, respectively. Protein levels of XPA were strongly correlated with sensitivity to cisplatin (r = 0.88; P < 0.001) in cell lines and sensitivity could be increased by small interfering RNA depletion of XPA. Expression of XPA determined in 54 primary lung tumors was elevated on average 5.2-fold when compared with normal bronchial epithelial cells and correlated with levels of HIF1α (r = 0.58; P < 0.01). Together, these studies identify XPA as a novel target for regulation by HIF1α whose modulation could impact lung cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanbin Liu
- Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM 87108, USA
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