1
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Ji Y, Gao B, Zhao D, Wang Y, Zhang L, Wu H, Xie Y, Shi Q, Guo W. Involvement of Sep38β in the Insecticidal Activity of Bacillus thuringiensis against Beet Armyworm, Spodoptera exigua (Lepidoptera). JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2024; 72:2321-2333. [PMID: 38206329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c06667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are associated with insect immunity, tissue repair, and the insecticidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt). Here, a p38 MAPK family gene (Sep38β) was identified from Spodoptera exigua. Among the developmental stages, the transcription level of Sep38β was the highest in egg, followed by that in prepupa and pupa. Sep38β expression peaked in Malpighian tubules and the hemolymph of fifth instar larvae. Knockdown of Sep38β or injection of SB203580 (a p38 MAPK inhibitor) significantly downregulated the SeDUOX expression and reactive oxygen species (ROS) level in the midgut, accounting for deterioration of the midgut to scavenge pathogens and enhancement of Bt insecticidal activity. In conclusion, all the results demonstrate that Sep38β regulates the immune-related ROS level in the insect midgut, which suppresses the insecticidal activity of Bt against S. exigua by 17-22%. Our study highlights that Sep38β is essential for insect immunity and the insecticidal activity of Bt to S. exigua and is a potential target for pest control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Ji
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Dan Zhao
- College of Plant Protection, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071001, China
| | - Yao Wang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Lu Zhang
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Han Wu
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yifan Xie
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Qiuyu Shi
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
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2
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Morales-Martínez M, Vega MI. p38 Molecular Targeting for Next-Generation Multiple Myeloma Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2024; 16:256. [PMID: 38254747 PMCID: PMC10813990 DOI: 10.3390/cancers16020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Resistance to therapy and disease progression are the main causes of mortality in most cancers. In particular, the development of resistance is an important limitation affecting the efficacy of therapeutic alternatives for cancer, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy. Signaling pathways are largely responsible for the mechanisms of resistance to cancer treatment and progression, and multiple myeloma is no exception. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38) is downstream of several signaling pathways specific to treatment resistance and progression. Therefore, in recent years, developing therapeutic alternatives directed at p38 has been of great interest, in order to reverse chemotherapy resistance and prevent progression. In this review, we discuss recent findings on the role of p38, including recent advances in our understanding of its expression and activity as well as its isoforms, and its possible clinical role based on the mechanisms of resistance and progression in multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Morales-Martínez
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
| | - Mario I. Vega
- Molecular Signal Pathway in Cancer Laboratory, UIMEO, Oncology Hospital, Siglo XXI National Medical Center, Mexican Institute of Social Security (IMSS), Mexico City 06720, Mexico
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology and Clinical Nutrition Division, Greater Los Angeles VA Healthcare Center, UCLA Medical Center, Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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3
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Whitlock JM. Muscle Progenitor Cell Fusion in the Maintenance of Skeletal Muscle. Results Probl Cell Differ 2024; 71:257-279. [PMID: 37996682 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-37936-9_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle possesses a resident, multipotent stem cell population that is essential for its repair and maintenance throughout life. Here I highlight the role of this stem cell population in muscle repair and regeneration and review the genetic control of the process; the mechanistic steps of activation, migration, recognition, adhesion, and fusion of these cells; and discuss the novel recognition of the membrane signaling that coordinates myogenic cell-cell fusion, as well as the identification of a two-part fusogen system that facilitates it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jarred M Whitlock
- Section on Membrane Biology, Eunice Kennedy Shrive National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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4
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Qi XM, Chen G. p38γ MAPK Inflammatory and Metabolic Signaling in Physiology and Disease. Cells 2023; 12:1674. [PMID: 37443708 PMCID: PMC10341180 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
p38γ MAPK (also called ERK6 or SAPK3) is a family member of stress-activated MAPKs and has common and specific roles as compared to other p38 proteins in signal transduction. Recent studies showed that, in addition to inflammation, p38γ metabolic signaling is involved in physiological exercise and in pathogenesis of cancer, diabetes, and Alzheimer's disease, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target. p38γphosphorylates at least 19 substrates through which p38γ activity is further modified to regulate life-important cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, cell death, and transformation, thereby impacting biological outcomes of p38γ-driven pathogenesis. P38γ signaling is characterized by its unique reciprocal regulation with its specific phosphatase PTPH1 and by its direct binding to promoter DNAs, leading to transcriptional activation of targets including cancer-like stem cell drivers. This paper will review recent findings about p38γ inflammation and metabolic signaling in physiology and diseases. Moreover, we will discuss the progress in the development of p38γ-specific pharmacological inhibitors for therapeutic intervention in disease prevention and treatment by targeting the p38γ signaling network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Mei Qi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
| | - Guan Chen
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
- Research Service, Clement J. Zablocki Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Milwaukee, WI 53295, USA
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5
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Li B, Wang J, Raza SHA, Wang S, Liang C, Zhang W, Yu S, Shah MA, Al Abdulmonem W, Alharbi YM, Aljohani ASM, Pant SD, Zan L. MAPK family genes' influences on myogenesis in cattle: Genome-wide analysis and identification. Res Vet Sci 2023; 159:198-212. [PMID: 37148739 DOI: 10.1016/j.rvsc.2023.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 02/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family is highly conserved in mammals, and is involved in a variety of physiological phenomena like regeneration, development, cell proliferation, and differentiation. In this study, 13 MAPK genes were identified in cattle and their corresponding protein properties were characterized using genome-wide identification and analysis. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the 13 BtMAPKs were cluster grouped into eight major evolutionary branches, which were segmented into three large subfamilies: ERK, p38 and JNK MAPK. BtMAPKs from the same subfamily had similar protein motif compositions, but considerably different exon-intron patterns. The heatmap analysis of transcriptome sequencing data showed that the expression of BtMAPKs was tissue-specific, with BtMAPK6 and BtMAPK12 highly expressed in muscle tissues. Furthermore, knockdown of BtMAPK6 and BtMAPK12 revealed that BtMAPK6 had no effect on myogenic cell proliferation, but negatively affected the differentiation of myogenic cells. In contrast, BtMAPK12 improved both the cell proliferation and differentiation. Taken together, these results provide novel insights into the functions of MAPK families in cattle, which could serve as a basis for further studies on the specific mechanisms of the genes in myogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingzhi Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Jianfang Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety/Nation-Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Machining and Safety of Livestock and Poultry Products, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, 510642 China
| | - Sihu Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Chengcheng Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Wenzheng Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengchen Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China
| | - Mujahid Ali Shah
- Faculty of Fisheries and Protection of Water, University of South Bohemia in Ceske Budejovice, Czech Republic
| | - Waleed Al Abdulmonem
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Qassim University, P.O. Box 6655, Buraidah 51452, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Yousef Mesfer Alharbi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S M Aljohani
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, College of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Qassim University, Buraydah 51452, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameer D Pant
- Gulbali Institute, Charles Sturt University, Boorooma Street, Wagga Wagga, NSW 2678, Australia
| | - Linsen Zan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China; National Beef Cattle Improvement Center, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100 Shaanxi, China.
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6
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Papanikolaou NA, Nikolaidis M, Amoutzias GD, Fouza A, Papaioannou M, Pandey A, Papavassiliou AG. The Dynamic and Crucial Role of the Arginine Methylproteome in Myoblast Cell Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:2124. [PMID: 36768448 PMCID: PMC9916730 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24032124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein arginine methylation is an extensive and functionally significant post-translational modification. However, little is known about its role in differentiation at the systems level. Using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) proteomics of whole proteome analysis in proliferating or five-day differentiated mouse C2C12 myoblasts, followed by high-resolution mass spectrometry, biochemical assays, and specific immunoprecipitation of mono- or dimethylated arginine peptides, we identified several protein families that were differentially methylated on arginine. Our study is the first to reveal global changes in the arginine mono- or dimethylation of proteins in proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myocytes and to identify enriched protein domains and novel short linear motifs (SLiMs). Our data may be crucial for dissecting the links between differentiation and cancer growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolaos A. Papanikolaou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Marios Nikolaidis
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Grigorios D. Amoutzias
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, 41500 Larisa, Greece
| | - Ariadni Fouza
- Fifth Surgical Department, Ippokrateio General Hospital, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54643 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Maria Papaioannou
- Laboratory of Biological Chemistry, School of Medicine, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, 54124 Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN 55905, USA
- Manipal Academy of Higher Education (MAHE), Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Athanasios G. Papavassiliou
- Department of Biological Chemistry, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11527 Athens, Greece
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7
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Zhou G, Ma S, Yang M, Yang Y. Global Quantitative Proteomics Analysis Reveals the Downstream Signaling Networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in Myoblast Differentiation. PHENOMICS (CHAM, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 2:201-210. [PMID: 36939786 PMCID: PMC9590559 DOI: 10.1007/s43657-022-00049-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The msh homeobox 1 (Msx1) and msh homeobox 2 (Msx2) coordinate in myoblast differentiation and also contribute to muscle defects if altered during development. Deciphering the downstream signaling networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in myoblast differentiation will help us to understand the molecular events that contribute to muscle defects. Here, the proteomics characteristics in Msx1- and Msx2-mediated myoblast differentiation was evaluated using isobaric tags for the relative and absolute quantification labeling technique (iTRAQ). The downstream regulatory proteins of Msx1- and Msx2-mediated differentiation were identified. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that these proteins were primarily associated with xenobiotic metabolism by cytochrome P450, fatty acid degradation, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, and apoptosis. In addition, our data show Acta1 was probably a core of the downstream regulatory networks of Msx1 and Msx2 in myoblast differentiation. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s43657-022-00049-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guoqiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Shuangping Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
| | - Yenan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200438 China
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8
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Zeng L, Kaoud TS, Zamora-Olivares D, Bohanon AL, Li Y, Pridgen JR, Ekpo YE, Zhuang DL, Nye JR, Telles M, Winkler M, Rivera S, Marini F, Dalby KN, Anslyn EV. Multiplexing the Quantitation of MAP Kinase Activities Using Differential Sensing. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:4017-4025. [PMID: 35195411 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases are therapeutic targets for many human diseases, but the lack of user-friendly quantitative assays limits the ability to follow the activities of numerous kinases at once (multiplexing). To develop such an assay, we report an array of sulfonamido-oxine (SOX)-labeled peptides showing cross-reactivity to different mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) for use in a differential sensing scheme. We first verified using linear discriminant analysis that the array could differentiate MAPK isoforms. Then, using principal component analysis, the array was optimized based on the discrimination imparted by each SOX-peptide. Next, the activity of individual MAPK families in ternary mixtures was quantified by support vector machine regression. Finally, we multiplexed the quantification of three MAPK families using partial least squares regression in A549 cell lysates, which has possible interference from other kinase classes. Thus, our method simultaneously quantifies the activity of multiple kinases. The technique could be applied to other protein kinase families and the monitoring of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingyu Zeng
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Tamer S Kaoud
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Diana Zamora-Olivares
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States.,Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Amanda L Bohanon
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yiru Li
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jacey R Pridgen
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Yakndara E Ekpo
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Deborah L Zhuang
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Jessica R Nye
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Mitchell Telles
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Michelle Winkler
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Sebastian Rivera
- Texas Institute for Discovery Education in Science and Freshman Research Initiative, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Federico Marini
- Department of Chemistry, University of Rome, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy
| | - Kevin N Dalby
- Division of Chemical Biology and Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Eric V Anslyn
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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9
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Zhang J, Zhang L, Shi H, Feng S, Feng T, Chen J, Zhang X, Han Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Ji Z, Jing Z, Liu D, Shi D, Feng L. Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus replication is reduced by inhibition of the extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) signaling pathway. Virology 2022; 565:96-105. [PMID: 34768113 PMCID: PMC8556614 DOI: 10.1016/j.virol.2021.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Revised: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Swine acute diarrhea syndrome coronavirus (SADS-CoV) is a newly discovered enteric coronavirus. We have previously shown that the caspase-dependent FASL-mediated and mitochondrion-mediated apoptotic pathways play a central role in SADS-CoV-induced apoptosis, which facilitates viral replication. However, the roles of intracellular signaling pathways in SADS-CoV-mediated cell apoptosis and the relative advantages that such pathways confer on the host or virus remain largely unknown. In this study, we show that SADS-CoV induces the activation of ERK during infection, irrespective of viral biosynthesis. The knockdown or chemical inhibition of ERK1/2 significantly suppressed viral protein expression and viral progeny production. The inhibition of ERK activation also circumvented SADS-CoV-induced apoptosis. Taken together, these data suggest that ERK activation is important for SADS-CoV replication, and contributes to the virus-mediated changes in host cells. Our findings demonstrate the takeover of a particular host signaling mechanism by SADS-CoV and identify a potential approach to inhibiting viral spread.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Da Shi
- Corresponding author. Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 678 Haping Road Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, China
| | - Li Feng
- Corresponding author. Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, CAAS, 678 Haping Road Xiangfang District, Harbin, 150069, China
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10
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de Klerk DJ, de Keijzer MJ, Dias LM, Heemskerk J, de Haan LR, Kleijn TG, Franchi LP, Heger M. Strategies for Improving Photodynamic Therapy Through Pharmacological Modulation of the Immediate Early Stress Response. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2451:405-480. [PMID: 35505025 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2099-1_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a minimally to noninvasive treatment modality that has emerged as a promising alternative to conventional cancer treatments. PDT induces hyperoxidative stress and disrupts cellular homeostasis in photosensitized cancer cells, resulting in cell death and ultimately removal of the tumor. However, various survival pathways can be activated in sublethally afflicted cancer cells following PDT. The acute stress response is one of the known survival pathways in PDT, which is activated by reactive oxygen species and signals via ASK-1 (directly) or via TNFR (indirectly). The acute stress response can activate various other survival pathways that may entail antioxidant, pro-inflammatory, angiogenic, and proteotoxic stress responses that culminate in the cancer cell's ability to cope with redox stress and oxidative damage. This review provides an overview of the immediate early stress response in the context of PDT, mechanisms of activation by PDT, and molecular intervention strategies aimed at inhibiting survival signaling and improving PDT outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel J de Klerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mark J de Keijzer
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Lionel M Dias
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Faculdade de Ciências da Saúde (FCS-UBI), Universidade da Beira Interior, Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Jordi Heemskerk
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Lianne R de Haan
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tony G Kleijn
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leonardo P Franchi
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas (ICB) 2, Universidade Federal de Goiás (UFG), Goiânia, GO, Brazil
- Faculty of Philosophy, Department of Chemistry, Center of Nanotechnology and Tissue Engineering-Photobiology and Photomedicine Research Group, Sciences, and Letters of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Michal Heger
- Jiaxing Key Laboratory for Photonanomedicine and Experimental Therapeutics, Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Medicine, Jiaxing University, Jiaxing, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology, Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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11
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The Oral Administration of Sanguisorba officinalis Extract Improves Physical Performance through LDHA Modulation. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26061579. [PMID: 33809377 PMCID: PMC7998416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26061579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Muscle fatigue is induced by an acute or chronic physical performance inability after excessive physical activity often associated with lactate accumulation, the end-product of glycolysis. In this study, the water-extracted roots of Sanguisorba officinalis L., a herbal medicine traditionally used for inflammation and diarrhea, reduced the activities of lactate dehydrogenase A (LDHA) in in vitro enzyme assay myoblast C2C12 cells and murine muscle tissue. Physical performance measured by a treadmill test was improved in the S. officinalis-administrated group. The analysis of mouse serum and tissues showed significant changes in lactate levels. Among the proteins related to energy metabolism-related physical performance, phosphorylated-AMP-activated protein kinase alpha (AMPKα) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-coactivator-1 alpha (PGC-1α) levels were enhanced, whereas the amount of LDHA was suppressed. Therefore, S. officinalis might be a candidate for improving physical performance via inhibiting LDHA and glycolysis.
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12
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Han J, Wu J, Silke J. An overview of mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases, central regulators of cell stress and receptor signaling. F1000Res 2020; 9. [PMID: 32612808 PMCID: PMC7324945 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.22092.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The p38 family is a highly evolutionarily conserved group of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) that is involved in and helps co-ordinate cellular responses to nearly all stressful stimuli. This review provides a succinct summary of multiple aspects of the biology, role, and substrates of the mammalian family of p38 kinases. Since p38 activity is implicated in inflammatory and other diseases, we also discuss the clinical implications and pharmaceutical approaches to inhibit p38.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahuai Han
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - Jianfeng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Cellular Stress Biology, Innovation Center for Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361005, China
| | - John Silke
- The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, IG Royal Parade, Parkville, Victoria, 3052, Australia.,Department of Medical Biology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3050, Australia
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13
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Shang P, Wang Z, Chamba Y, Zhang B, Zhang H, Wu C. A comparison of prenatal muscle transcriptome and proteome profiles between pigs with divergent growth phenotypes. J Cell Biochem 2018; 120:5277-5286. [PMID: 30302803 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The growth of pigs is an important economic trait that involves multiple genes and coordinated regulatory mechanisms. The growth rate and potential of skeletal muscles are largely decided by embryonic myofiber development. Tibetan pig (TP) that is a mini-type breed has a divergent phenotype in growth rate and adult body weight with Wujin pig (WJ) and large White pig (LW). In the current study, the transcriptome (using RNA-seq) and proteome (using the isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantification [iTRAQ]) data from the prenatal muscle tissues were analyzed to identify the genes related to postnatal growth rate and growth potential in pigs. In the RNA-seq experiment, 19 626 genes were detected in the embryonic muscle tissues, and 3626 unique differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in TP in comparison to that in LW and WJ. In the iTRAQ experiment, 2474 proteins were detected, and 735 unique differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) were identified in TP in comparison to that in LW and WJ. Combining the DEGs and DEPs, 209 genes were found to be differentially expressed, consistently at both the messenger RNA and protein levels, between TP and the other two breeds; these are mainly involved in 2-oxocarboxylic acid metabolism, citrate cycle, and biosynthesis of amino acids. Of these, 20 genes that were related to myoblast differentiation and muscle fiber formation might have important roles in determining the postnatal growth rate and potential body weight in pigs. Our results provide new candidate genes and insights into the molecular mechanisms involved muscle growth traits in pigs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Shang
- Laboratory National Engineering For Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of animal husbandry, College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Laboratory National Engineering For Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China.,Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yangzom Chamba
- Department of animal husbandry, College of Animal Science, Tibet Agriculture and Animal Husbandry College, Linzhi, China
| | - Bo Zhang
- Laboratory National Engineering For Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Laboratory National Engineering For Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Changxin Wu
- Laboratory National Engineering For Animal Breeding/Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Genetic Improvement, Department of Animal Genetics and Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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14
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Targeting an oncogenic kinase/phosphatase signaling network for cancer therapy. Acta Pharm Sin B 2018; 8:511-517. [PMID: 30109176 PMCID: PMC6089844 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/10/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases and phosphatases signal by phosphorylation and dephosphorylation to precisely control the activities of their individual and common substrates for a coordinated cellular outcome. In many situations, a kinase/phosphatase complex signals dynamically in time and space through their reciprocal regulations and their cooperative actions on a substrate. This complex may be essential for malignant transformation and progression and can therefore be considered as a target for therapeutic intervention. p38γ is a unique MAPK family member that contains a PDZ motif at its C-terminus and interacts with a PDZ domain-containing protein tyrosine phosphatase PTPH1. This PDZ-coupled binding is required for both PTPH1 dephosphorylation and inactivation of p38γ and for p38γ phosphorylation and activation of PTPH1. Moreover, the p38γ/PTPH1 complex can further regulate their substrates phosphorylation and dephosphorylation, which impacts Ras transformation, malignant growth and progression, and therapeutic response. This review will use the p38γ/PTPH1 signaling network as an example to discuss the potential of targeting the kinase/phosphatase signaling complex for development of novel targeted cancer therapy.
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15
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Effects of Anti-Inflammatory Medications in Patients With Coronary Artery Disease: A Focus on Losmapimod. Cardiol Rev 2018; 26:152-156. [DOI: 10.1097/crd.0000000000000176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Sajda T, Sinha AA. Autoantibody Signaling in Pemphigus Vulgaris: Development of an Integrated Model. Front Immunol 2018; 9:692. [PMID: 29755451 PMCID: PMC5932349 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is an autoimmune skin blistering disease effecting both cutaneous and mucosal epithelia. Blister formation in PV is known to result from the binding of autoantibodies (autoAbs) to keratinocyte antigens. The primary antigenic targets of pathogenic autoAbs are known to be desmoglein 3, and to a lesser extent, desmoglein 1, cadherin family proteins that partially comprise the desmosome, a protein structure responsible for maintaining cell adhesion, although additional autoAbs, whose role in blister formation is still unclear, are also known to be present in PV patients. Nevertheless, there remain large gaps in knowledge concerning the precise mechanisms through which autoAb binding induces blister formation. Consequently, the primary therapeutic interventions for PV focus on systemic immunosuppression, whose side effects represent a significant health risk to patients. In an effort to identify novel, disease-specific therapeutic targets, a multitude of studies attempting to elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms downstream of autoAb binding, have led to significant advancements in the understanding of autoAb-mediated blister formation. Despite this enhanced characterization of disease processes, a satisfactory explanation of autoAb-induced acantholysis still does not exist. Here, we carefully review the literature investigating the pathogenic disease mechanisms in PV and, taking into account the full scope of results from these studies, provide a novel, comprehensive theory of blister formation in PV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Sajda
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Animesh A Sinha
- Department of Dermatology, Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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17
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Hsu HH, Kuo WW, Day CH, Shibu MA, Li SY, Chang SH, Shih HN, Chen RJ, Viswanadha VP, Kuo YH, Huang CY. Taiwanin E inhibits cell migration in human LoVo colon cancer cells by suppressing MMP-2/9 expression via p38 MAPK pathway. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:2021-2031. [PMID: 27807932 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 10/18/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Taiwanin E is a natural compound which is structurally analogous to estrogen II and is abundantly found in Taiwania cryptomerioides. It has been previously reported for its anticancer effects; however, the pharmaceutical effect of Taiwanin E on Human LoVo colon cancer cells is not clear. In this study, we investigated the effects of Taiwanin E on metastasis and the associated mechanism of action on Human LoVo colon cancer cells with respect to the modulations in their cell migration and signaling pathways associated with migration. The results showed that Taiwanin E inhibited cell migration ability correlated with reduced expression and activity of MMP-2 and MMP-9. In addition, Taiwanin E induced activation of p38 through phosphorylation. Inhibition of p38α/β significantly abolished the effect of Taiwanin E on cell migration and MMP-2/-9 activity. Our results conclude that Taiwanin E inhibited cell migration chiefly via p38α MAPK pathway and in a lesser extend via p38β MAPK. The results elucidate the potential of the phytoestrogen natural compound Taiwanin E as a cancer therapeutic agent in inhibiting the cell migration. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 2021-2031, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsi-Hsien Hsu
- Division of Colorectal Surgery, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
- Nursing Division, Mackay Medicine, Nursing and Management College, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cecilia Hsuan Day
- Department of Nursing, Mei Ho University, Pingguang Road, Pingtung, Taiwan
| | | | - Shin-Yi Li
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Huang Chang
- Department of Health, Executive Yuan, Tsao-Tun Psychiatric Center, Nantou, Taiwan
| | - Hui-Nung Shih
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Ray-Jade Chen
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | - Yueh-Hsiung Kuo
- Department of Chinese Pharmaceutical Sciences and Chinese Medicine Resources, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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18
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Kinase Signaling in Apoptosis Induced by Saturated Fatty Acids in Pancreatic β-Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17091400. [PMID: 27626409 PMCID: PMC5037680 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic β-cell failure and death is considered to be one of the main factors responsible for type 2 diabetes. It is caused by, in addition to hyperglycemia, chronic exposure to increased concentrations of fatty acids, mainly saturated fatty acids. Molecular mechanisms of apoptosis induction by saturated fatty acids in β-cells are not completely clear. It has been proposed that kinase signaling could be involved, particularly, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), protein kinase C (PKC), p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and Akt kinases and their pathways. In this review, we discuss these kinases and their signaling pathways with respect to their possible role in apoptosis induction by saturated fatty acids in pancreatic β-cells.
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19
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Comparative chemical array screening for p38γ/δ MAPK inhibitors using a single gatekeeper residue difference between p38α/β and p38γ/δ. Sci Rep 2016; 6:29881. [PMID: 27431267 PMCID: PMC4949465 DOI: 10.1038/srep29881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian p38 mitogen activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are responsive to a variety of cellular stresses. The development of specific pyridinyl imidazole inhibitors has permitted the characterization of the p38 MAPK isoform p38α, which is expressed in most cell types, whereas the physiological roles of p38γ and p38δ are poorly understood. In this study, we report an approach for identifying selective inhibitors against p38γ and p38δ by focusing on the difference in gatekeeper residues between p38α/β and p38γ/δ. Using GST-fused p38α wild type and T106M mutant constructs, wherein the p38α gatekeeper residue (Thr-106) was substituted by the p38γ/δ-type (Met), we performed comparative chemical array screening to identify specific binders of the mutant and identified SU-002 bound to p38αT106M specifically. SU-002 was found to inhibit p38αT106M but not p38α kinase activity in in vitro kinase assays. SU-005, the analog of SU-002, had inhibitory effects against the kinase activity of p38γ and p38δ in vitro but not p38α. In addition, SU-005 inhibited both p38γ and p38δ auto-phosphorylation in HeLa and HEK293T cells. These results demonstrate that the comparative chemical array screening approach is a powerful technique to explore specific inhibitors for mutant proteins with even single amino-acid substitutions in a high-throughput manner.
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20
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Low HB, Zhang Y. Regulatory Roles of MAPK Phosphatases in Cancer. Immune Netw 2016; 16:85-98. [PMID: 27162525 PMCID: PMC4853501 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.2.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2016] [Revised: 03/04/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are key regulators of cell growth and survival in physiological and pathological processes. Aberrant MAPK signaling plays a critical role in the development and progression of human cancer, as well as in determining responses to cancer treatment. The MAPK phosphatases (MKPs), also known as dual-specificity phosphatases (DUSPs), are a family of proteins that function as major negative regulators of MAPK activities in mammalian cells. Studies using mice deficient in specific MKPs including MKP1/DUSP1, PAC-1/DUSP2, MKP2/DUSP4, MKP5/DUSP10 and MKP7/DUSP16 demonstrated that these molecules are important not only for both innate and adaptive immune responses, but also for metabolic homeostasis. In addition, the consequences of the gain or loss of function of the MKPs in normal and malignant tissues have highlighted the importance of these phosphatases in the pathogenesis of cancers. The involvement of the MKPs in resistance to cancer therapy has also gained prominence, making the MKPs a potential target for anti-cancer therapy. This review will summarize the current knowledge of the MKPs in cancer development, progression and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng Boon Low
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.; Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
| | - Yongliang Zhang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, Singapore.; Immunology Programme, The Life Science Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore
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21
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Yang C, Cao P, Gao Y, Wu M, Lin Y, Tian Y, Yuan W. Differential expression of p38 MAPK α, β, γ, δ isoforms in nucleus pulposus modulates macrophage polarization in intervertebral disc degeneration. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22182. [PMID: 26911458 PMCID: PMC4766431 DOI: 10.1038/srep22182] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 02/09/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
P38MAPK mediates cytokine induced inflammation in nucleus pulposus (NP) cells and involves in multiple cellular processes which are related to intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The aim of this study was to investigate the expression, activation and function of p38 MAPK isoforms (α,β, γ and δ) in degenerative NP and the effect of p38 activation in NP cells on macrophage polarization. P38 α, β and δ isoforms are preferential expressed, whereas the p38γ isoform is absent in human NP tissue. LV-sh-p38α, sh-p38β transfection in NP cells significantly decreased the ADAMTS-4,-5, MMP-13,CCL3 expression and restored collagen-II and aggrecan expression upon IL-1β stimulation. As compared with p38α and p38β, p38δ exhibited an opposite effect on ADAMTS-4,-5, MMP-13 and aggrecan expression in NP cells. Furthermore, the production of GM-CSF and IFNγ which were trigged by p38α or p38β in NP cells induced macrophage polarization into M1 phenotype. Our finding indicates that p38 MAPK α, β and δ isoform are predominantly expressed and activated in IDD. P38 positive NP cells modulate macrophage polarization through the production of GM-CSF and IFNγ. Hence, Our study suggests that selectively targeting p38 isoforms could ameliorate the inflammation in IDD and regard IDD progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Yang
- Department of orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Peng Cao
- Department of orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yang Gao
- Department of orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Ming Wu
- Kidney Institute, Department of Nephrology, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Yun Lin
- National Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology &Institute of Immunology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200433, China
| | - Ye Tian
- Department of orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
| | - Wen Yuan
- Department of orthopedic Surgery, Changzheng Hospital, Shanghai 200003, China
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22
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Li X, Ma J, Li Y. Molecular Cloning and Expression Determination ofp38 MAPKfrom the Liver and Kidney of Silver Carp. J Biochem Mol Toxicol 2016; 30:224-31. [DOI: 10.1002/jbt.21781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2015] [Revised: 10/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyu Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Junguo Ma
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
| | - Yuanyuan Li
- College of Life Science; Henan Normal University; Xinxiang Henan 453007 People's Republic of China
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23
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Ramachandra CJ, Mehta A, Wong P, Shim W. ErbB4 Activated p38γ MAPK Isoform Mediates Early Cardiogenesis Through NKx2.5 in Human Pluripotent Stem Cells. Stem Cells 2016; 34:288-298. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Activation of ErbB4 receptor signaling is instrumental in heart development, lack of which results in embryonic lethality. However, mechanism governing its intracellular signaling remains elusive. Using human pluripotent stem cells, we show that ErbB4 is critical for cardiogenesis whereby its genetic knockdown results in loss of cardiomyocytes. Phospho-proteome profiling and Western blot studies attribute this loss to inactivation of p38γ MAPK isoform which physically interacts with NKx2.5 and GATA4 transcription factors. Post-cardiomyocyte formation p38γ/NKx2.5 downregulation is followed by p38α/MEF2c upregulation suggesting stage-specific developmental roles of p38 MAPK isoforms. Knockdown of p38γ MAPK similarly disrupts cardiomyocyte formation in spite of the presence of NKx2.5. Cell fractionation and NKx2.5 phosphorylation studies suggest inhibition of ErbB4-p38γ signaling hinders NKx2.5 nuclear translocation during early cardiogenesis. This study reveals a novel pathway that directly links ErbB4 and p38γ to the transcriptional machinery of NKx2.5-GATA4 complex which is critical for cardiomyocyte formation during mammalian heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ashish Mehta
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular Academic Clinical Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Philip Wong
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Cardiology, National Heart Centre Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Winston Shim
- National Heart Research Institute Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Cardiovascular & Metabolic Disorders Program, DUKE-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
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24
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Du M, Chen M, Shen H, Wang W, Li Z, Wang W, Huang J, Chen J. CyHV-2 ORF104 activates the p38 MAPK pathway. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:268-273. [PMID: 26072141 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2015] [Revised: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 06/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cyprinid herpesvirus 2 (CyHV-2) is the pathogen responsible for herpesviral hematopoietic necrosis disease, which causes huge losses on aquaculture. So far the studies of CyHV-2 mainly focus on the identification and detection of this virus, but little is known about the role of specific CyHV-2 genes in the infection process. Based on the genomic information, CyHV-2 ORF104 encodes a kinase-like protein, which is highly conserved among the three CyHVs. Our study was initiated to investigate the role of kinase-like protein ORF104 during virus infection. Subcellular localization study showed that ORF104 was mainly expressed in the nucleus in both human HEK293T and fish EPC cells. However, deletion of the putative nuclear localization signal of ORF104 (ORF104M) resulted in the cytoplasmic distribution in HEK293T. We then examined whether MAPKs were involved in the ORF104-mediated signaling pathway by overexpressing ORF104 and ORF104M in HEK293T. Overexpression of ORF104 and ORF104M resulted in the up-regulation of p38 phosphorylation, but not JNK or ERK, indicating that ORF104 specifically activates p38 signaling pathway. In vivo study showed that CyHV-2 infection enhanced p38 phosphorylation in gibel carp (Carassius auratus gibelio). Interestingly, p38 inhibitor SB203580 strongly reduced fish death caused by CyHV-2 infection. Therefore, our study for the first time reveals the function of ORF104 during CyHV-2 infection, indicating that ORF104 is a potential vaccine candidate for CyHV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Du
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211 Zhejiang, China; State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Mingliang Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Haifeng Shen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Zengpeng Li
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Weiyi Wang
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China
| | - Jianhui Huang
- Putian Aquatic Products, Technical Extension Station, Putian, 351100 Fujian, China
| | - Jianming Chen
- State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Marine Genetic Resources, South China Sea Bio-Resource Exploitation and Utilization Collaborative Innovation Center, Third Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Xiamen, 361005 Fujian, China.
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25
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Prashanth Kumar B, Rajput S, Bharti R, Parida S, Mandal M. BI2536 – A PLK inhibitor augments paclitaxel efficacy in suppressing tamoxifen induced senescence and resistance in breast cancer cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2015; 74:124-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2015.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2015] [Accepted: 07/09/2015] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
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Tamura K, Takayama S, Ishii T, Mawaribuchi S, Takamatsu N, Ito M. Apoptosis and differentiation of Xenopus tail-derived myoblasts by thyroid hormone. J Mol Endocrinol 2015; 54:185-92. [PMID: 25791374 DOI: 10.1530/jme-14-0327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/12/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The metamorphosis of anuran amphibians is induced by thyroid hormone (TH). To study the molecular mechanisms underlying tail regression during metamorphosis, we established a cell line, XL-B4, from a Xenopus laevis tadpole tail at a premetamorphic stage. The cells expressed myoblast markers and differentiated into myotubes in differentiation medium. XL-B4 cells expressing fluorescent proteins were transplanted into tadpole tails. At 5 days post-transplantation, fluorescence was observed in myotube-like structures, indicating that the myoblastic cells could contribute to skeletal muscle. Exposure of XL-B4 cells to the TH triiodothyronine (T3) for several days significantly induced apoptotic cell death. We then examined an early response of expression of genes involved in apoptosis or myogenesis to T3. Treatment of the cells with T3 increased transcription of genes for matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and thyroid hormone receptor beta. Interestingly, the T3-treatment also increased myoD transcripts, but decreased the amounts of myogenin mRNA and myosin heavy chain. Importantly, we also observed upregulation of myoD expression and downregulation of myogenin expression in tails, but not in hind limbs, when tadpoles at a premetamorphic stage were treated with T3 for 1 day. These results indicated that T3 could not only induce apoptosis, but also attenuate myogenesis in tadpole tails during metamorphosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Tamura
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shutaro Takayama
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Takako Ishii
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Shuuji Mawaribuchi
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko Takamatsu
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
| | - Michihiko Ito
- Department of BiosciencesSchool of Science, Kitasato University, 1-15-1 Kitasato, Minamiku, Sagamihara 252-0373, Japan
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27
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Martin ED, Bassi R, Marber MS. p38 MAPK in cardioprotection - are we there yet? Br J Pharmacol 2015; 172:2101-13. [PMID: 25204838 PMCID: PMC4386984 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/28/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
PKs transfer a phosphate from ATP to the side-chain hydroxyl group of a serine, threonine or tyrosine residue of a substrate protein. This in turn can alter that protein's function; modulating fundamental cellular processes including, metabolism, transcription, growth, division, differentiation, motility and survival. PKs are subdivided into families based on homology. One such group are the stress-activated kinases, which as the name suggests, are activated in response to cellular stresses such as toxins, cytokines, mechanical deformation and osmotic stress. Members include the p38 MAPK family, which is composed of α, β, γ and δ, isoforms which are encoded by separate genes. These kinases transduce extracellular signals and coordinate the cellular responses needed for adaptation and survival. However, in cardiovascular and other disease states, these same systems can trigger maladaptive responses that aggravate, rather than alleviate, the disease. This situation is analogous to adrenergic, angiotensin and aldosterone signalling in heart failure, where inhibition is beneficial despite the importance of these hormones to homeostasis. The question is whether similar benefits could accrue from p38 inhibition? In this review, we will discuss the structure and function of p38, the history of p38 inhibitors and their use in preclinical studies. Finally, we will summarize the results of recent cardiovascular clinical trials with p38 inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- E D Martin
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
| | - R Bassi
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
| | - M S Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre of Research Excellence, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St Thomas' HospitalLondon, UK
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Li WH, Zhang L, Lyte P, Rodriguez K, Cavender D, Southall MD. p38 MAP Kinase Inhibition Reduces Propionibacterium acnes-Induced Inflammation in Vitro. Dermatol Ther (Heidelb) 2015; 5:53-66. [PMID: 25749612 PMCID: PMC4374066 DOI: 10.1007/s13555-015-0072-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Propionibacterium acnes, a ubiquitous skin bacterium, stimulates keratinocytes to produce a number of proinflammatory cytokines and may contribute to inflammatory acne. The aim of the study was to investigate whether P. acnes-induced proinflammatory cytokine release is mediated by P. acnes-induced activation of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK or p38) in human keratinocytes. Methods Immunohistochemistry was used to evaluate p38 phosphorylation in human skin samples with or without acne. Primary human keratinocytes and epidermal skin equivalents were exposed to viable P. acnes. Phosphorylation of MAPKs without or with p38 inhibitors was examined by Western blot and cytokine secretion was detected by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Results Increased levels of phospho-p38 were observed in human acne lesions, predominantly in follicular and perifollicular keratinocytes. Exposure of cultured human keratinocytes to viable P. acnes resulted in phosphorylation of multiple members of the MAPK family, including rapid and transient activation of p38 and extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK1/2) and relatively slow but sustained activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK1/2). Viable P. acnes induced the secretion of interleukin-1α (IL-1α), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-8 from human keratinocytes. The phosphorylation of p38 (phospho-p38) and the secretion of cytokines induced by P. acnes in cultured keratinocytes were inhibited by SB203580, a p38α/β inhibitor. Furthermore, SCIO-469, a selective inhibitor of p38α, showed similar effects in cultured keratinocytes. Topical treatment of SCIO-469 inhibited the P. acnes-induced phospho-p38 and cytokine secretion in human epidermal equivalents. Conclusion The data demonstrate that P. acnes induces p38-dependent inflammatory responses in keratinocytes, and suggest that p38 may play an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory acne. Funding Johnson & Johnson. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13555-015-0072-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Hwa Li
- Department of Skin Biology and Pharmacology, The Johnson & Johnson Skin Research Center, Johnson & Johnson Consumer and Personal Products Worldwide, Division of Johnson and Johnson Consumer Companies, Inc., 199 Grandview Road, Skillman, NJ, 08558, USA,
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Zhu J, Cai L, Zhang T, Chen L, Jin P, Ma F. Identification and characterization of a p38-like gene from amphioxus (Branchiostoma belcheri): an insight into amphioxus innate immunity and evolution. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 41:421-427. [PMID: 25281579 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.09.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2014] [Revised: 09/10/2014] [Accepted: 09/20/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
p38 MAP kinases, members of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) activated by environmental stresses and cytokines, play important roles in transcription regulation and inflammatory responses. However, the p38 MAP kinase gene has not been identified in amphioxus to date. Here, we identified and characterized a p38 MAP kinase gene from Branchiostoma belcheri (designed as Amphip38). First, we cloned the full length of Amphip38 gene and found that the deduced amino acid sequence of Amphip38 has 80.5-84% similarity and 67.2-72.5% identity to those from other species. Second, we found that Amphip38 contained the conserved TGY motif, ATP binding site (GXGXXG), substrate binding site (ATRW) and ED site in known p38 MAP kinases. The predicted 3D structure of Amphip38 was found to be similar to human p38 MAP kinases. These results indicate that Amphip38 belongs to p38 MAP kinase gene family. Third, we found that the Amphip38 was ubiquitously and differentially expressed in five investigated tissues (intestine, gills, notochord, muscles, and hepatic cecum). Finally, we found that LPS stimulation induced the expression of Amphip38 gene, and lead to increase of phosphorylation-p38 MAP kinase. These results indicate that Amphip38 is involved in innate immunity response in amphioxus. In addition, we found that Amphip38 gene might be an ancestor of vertebrate p38 MAP kinase gene via evolutionary analysis. In conclusion, our results provided an insight into the innate immunity response and the evolution of the vertebrate p38 MAP kinase gene family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiu Zhu
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Lu Cai
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Tianhai Zhang
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China
| | - Liming Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Developmental Genes and Human Disease, Ministry of Education, Institute of Life Science, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Ping Jin
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
| | - Fei Ma
- Laboratory for Comparative Genomics and Bioinformatics & Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology, College of Life Science, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing 210046, PR China.
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Brault JJ, Pizzimenti NM, Dentel JN, Wiseman RW. Selective inhibition of ATPase activity during contraction alters the activation of p38 MAP kinase isoforms in skeletal muscle. J Cell Biochem 2014; 114:1445-55. [PMID: 23296747 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Muscle contractions strongly activate p38 MAP kinases, but the precise contraction-associated sarcoplasmic event(s) (e.g., force production, energetic demands, and/or calcium cycling) that activate these kinases are still unclear. We tested the hypothesis that during contraction the phosphorylation of p38 isoforms is sensitive to the increase in ATP demand relative to ATP supply. Energetic demands were inhibited using N-benzyl-p-toluene sulphonamide (BTS, type II actomyosin) and cyclopiazonic acid (CPA, SERCA). Extensor digitorum longus muscles from Swiss Webster mice were incubated in Ringer's solution (37°C) with or without inhibitors and then stimulated at 10 Hz for 15 min. Muscles were immediately freeze-clamped for metabolite and Western blot analysis. BTS and BTS + CPA treatment decreased force production by 85%, as measured by the tension time integral, while CPA alone potentiated force by 310%. In control muscles, contractions resulted in a 73% loss of ATP content and a concomitant sevenfold increase in IMP content, a measure of sustained energetic imbalance. BTS or CPA treatment lessened the loss of ATP, but BTS + CPA treatment completely eliminated the energetic imbalance since ATP and IMP levels were nearly equal to those of non-stimulated muscles. The independent inhibition of cytosolic ATPase activities had no effect on contraction-induced p38 MAPK phosphorylation, but combined treatment prevented the increase in phosphorylation of the γ isoform while the α/β isoforms unaffected. These observations suggest that an energetic signal may trigger phosphorylation of the p38γ isoform and also may explain how contractions differentially activate signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey J Brault
- Department of Kinesiology, East Carolina University, Greenville, North Carolina, USA
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Bliss-Moreau M, Coarfa C, Gunaratne PH, Guitart J, Krett NL, Rosen ST. Identification of p38β as a therapeutic target for the treatment of Sézary syndrome. J Invest Dermatol 2014; 135:599-608. [PMID: 25148579 PMCID: PMC4289446 DOI: 10.1038/jid.2014.367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2014] [Revised: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 08/08/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous T-Cell Lymphomas (CTCL) represent a group of hematopoietic malignancies that home to the skin and have no known molecular basis for disease pathogenesis. Sézary syndrome (SS) is the leukemic variant of CTCL. Currently, CTCL is incurable, highlighting the need for new therapeutic modalities. We have previously observed that combined smallmolecule inhibition of protein kinase C (PKC) β and glycogen synthase kinase 3 (GSK3) causes synergistic apoptosis in CTCL cell lines and patient cells. Through microarray analysis of a SS cell line, we surveyed global gene expression following combined PKCβ-GSK3 treatment to elucidate therapeutic targets responsible for cell death. Clinically relevant targets were defined as genes differentially expressed in SS patients that were modulated by combination-drug treatment of SS cells. Gene set enrichment analysis uncovered candidate genes enriched for an immune cell signature, specifically the T-cell receptor and MAPK signaling pathways. Further analysis identified p38 as a potential therapeutic target that is over-expressed in SS patients and decreased by synergistic-inhibitor treatment. This target was verified through small-molecule inhibition of p38 leading to cell death in both SS cell lines and patient cells. These data establish p38 as a SS biomarker and potential therapeutic target for the treatment of CTCL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meghan Bliss-Moreau
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Cristian Coarfa
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Preethi H Gunaratne
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Joan Guitart
- Department of Dermatology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Nancy L Krett
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Steven T Rosen
- Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois, USA; City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Duarte, California, USA.
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Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) mediate a wide variety of cellular behaviors in response to extracellular stimuli. One of the main subgroups, the p38 MAP kinases, has been implicated in a wide range of complex biologic processes, such as cell proliferation, cell differentiation, cell death, cell migration, and invasion. Dysregulation of p38 MAPK levels in patients are associated with advanced stages and short survival in cancer patients (e.g., prostate, breast, bladder, liver, and lung cancer). p38 MAPK plays a dual role as a regulator of cell death, and it can either mediate cell survival or cell death depending not only on the type of stimulus but also in a cell type specific manner. In addition to modulating cell survival, an essential role of p38 MAPK in modulation of cell migration and invasion offers a distinct opportunity to target this pathway with respect to tumor metastasis. The specific function of p38 MAPK appears to depend not only on the cell type but also on the stimuli and/or the isoform that is activated. p38 MAPK signaling pathway is activated in response to diverse stimuli and mediates its function by components downstream of p38. Extrapolation of the knowledge gained from laboratory findings is essential to address the clinical significance of p38 MAPK signaling pathways. The goal of this review is to provide an overview on recent progress made in defining the functions of p38 MAPK pathways with respect to solid tumor biology and generate testable hypothesis with respect to the role of p38 MAPK as an attractive target for intervention of solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hari K Koul
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Mantu Pal
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Veterans Administration Medical Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
| | - Sweaty Koul
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Shreveport, LA, USA ; Department of Urology, LSU Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, USA
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Guo RM, Xu WM, Lin JC, Mo LQ, Hua XX, Chen PX, Wu K, Zheng DD, Feng JQ. Activation of the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway contributes to doxorubicin-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiac cells. Mol Med Rep 2013; 8:603-8. [PMID: 23807148 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2013.1554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
A number of studies have demonstrated that inflammation plays a role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity. However, the molecular mechanism by which DOX induces cardiac inflammation has yet to be fully elucidated. The present study aimed to investigate the role of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway in DOX-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity. The results of our study demonstrated that the exposure of H9c2 cardiac cells to DOX reduced cell viability and stimulated an inflammatory response, as demonstrated by an increase in the levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6, as well as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) production. Notably, DOX exposure induced the overexpression of phosphorylated p38 MAPK and phosphorylation of the NF-κB p65 subunit, which was markedly inhibited by SB203580, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK. The inhibition of NF-κB by pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC), a selective inhibitor of NF-κB, significantly ameliorated DOX-induced inflammation, leading to a decrease in the levels of IL-1β and IL-6, as well as TNF-α production in H9c2 cells. The pretreatment of H9c2 cells with either SB203580 or PDTC before exposure to DOX significantly attenuated DOX-induced cytotoxicity. In conclusion, our study provides novel data demonstrating that the p38 MAPK/NF-κB pathway is important in the induction of DOX-induced inflammation and cytotoxicity in H9c2 cardiac myocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Run-Min Guo
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, P.R. China
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Soni HM, Jain MR, Mehta AA. Mechanism(s) Involved in Carbon Monoxide-releasing Molecule-2-mediated Cardioprotection During Ischaemia-reperfusion Injury in Isolated Rat Heart. Indian J Pharm Sci 2013; 74:281-91. [PMID: 23626383 PMCID: PMC3630723 DOI: 10.4103/0250-474x.107047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2011] [Revised: 07/18/2012] [Accepted: 07/20/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine the mechanism(s) involved in carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2, carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2-induced cardioprotection. We used the transition metal carbonyl compound carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 that can act as carbon monoxide donor in cardiac ischaemia-reperfusion injury model using isolated rat heart preparation. Langendorff's perfused rat hearts when treated with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 (50 μM) for 10 min before global ischaemia exhibited significant reduction in postischaemic levels of myocardial injury markers, creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase in coronary effluent. Similarly, pretreatment with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 showed significantly improved postischaemic recovery of heart rate, coronary flow rate, cardiodynamic parameters and reduced infarct size as compared to vehicle control hearts. Perfusion with p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase inhibitor, SB203580, a specific inhibitor of α and β isoform, before and concomitantly with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 treatment abolished carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2-induced cardioprotection. However, p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase alpha inhibitor, SCIO-469, was unable to inhibit the cardioprotective effect of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2. Furthermore, protective effect of carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 was significantly inhibited by the protein kinase C inhibitor, chelerythrine, when added before and concomitantly with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2. It was also observed that, perfusion with phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase inhibitor, wortmannin, before and concomitantly with carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 was not able to inhibit carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2-induced cardioprotection. Interestingly, we observed that wortmannin perfusion before ischaemia and continued till reperfusion significantly inhibited carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2-mediated cardioprotection. Our findings suggest that the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2 treatment may activate the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase β and protein kinase C pathways before ischaemia and phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase pathway during reperfusion which may be responsible for the carbon monoxide-releasing molecule-2-mediated cardioprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Soni
- Department of Pharmacology, L.M. College of Pharmacy, Navarangpura, Ahmedabad-380 009, India ; Zydus Research Centre, Sarkhej-Bavla, NH 8A Moraiya, Ahmedabad-382 210, India
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Müller R, Daniel C, Hugo C, Amann K, Mielenz D, Endlich K, Braun T, van der Veen B, Heeringa P, Schett G, Zwerina J. The mitogen-activated protein kinase p38α regulates tubular damage in murine anti-glomerular basement membrane nephritis. PLoS One 2013; 8:e56316. [PMID: 23441175 PMCID: PMC3575386 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0056316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is thought to play a central role in acute and chronic inflammatory responses. Whether p38MAPK plays a pathogenic role in crescentic GN (GN) and which of its four isoforms is preferentially involved in kidney inflammation is not definitely known. We thus examined expression and activation of p38MAPK isoforms during anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM) nephritis. Therefore, p38α conditional knockout mice (MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ) were used to examine the role of p38α in anti-GBM induced nephritis. Both wild type and MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice developed acute renal failure over time. Histological examinations revealed a reduced monocyte influx and less tubular damage in MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice, whereas glomerular crescent formation and renal fibrosis was similar. Likewise, the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines such as TNF, IL-1 and IL-10 were similar, but IL-8 was even up-regulated in MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice. In contrast, we could detect strong down-regulation of chemotactic cytokines such as CCL-2, -5 and -7, in the kidneys of MxCre-p38αΔ/Δ mice. In conclusion, p38α is the primary p38MAPK isoform expressed in anti-GBM nephritis and selectively affects inflammatory cell influx and tubular damage. Full protection from nephritis is however not achieved as renal failure and structural damage still occurs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralf Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christoph Daniel
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Christian Hugo
- Medical Clinic III, Technical University of Dresden, Dresden, Saxony, Germany
| | - Kerstin Amann
- Department of Pathology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Dirk Mielenz
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Karlhans Endlich
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Greifswald, Mecklenburg-West Pomerania, Germany
| | - Tobias Braun
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Betty van der Veen
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Peter Heeringa
- Department of Pathology and Medical Biology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Georg Schett
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Jochen Zwerina
- Department of Internal Medicine 3, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Guo R, Lin J, Xu W, Shen N, Mo L, Zhang C, Feng J. Hydrogen sulfide attenuates doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway in H9c2 cells. Int J Mol Med 2013; 31:644-50. [PMID: 23338126 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Accepted: 12/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We previously demonstrated the protective effect of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) against doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity through inhibition of endoplasmic reticulum stress. The aim of the present study was to explore the role of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) in DOX-induced cardiotoxicity and ascertain whether exogenous H2S protects DOX-induced injury by inhibiting p38 MAPK in cardiomyoblasts (H9c2). We observed that exposure of H9c2 cells to 5 µM DOX not only markedly induced injuries, including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, overproduction of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dissipation of mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP), but also enhanced the expression level of phosphorylated (p)-p38 MAPK. The DOX-induced increase in expression of p-p38 MAPK was significantly attenuated by pretreatment of H9c2 cells with either 400 µM sodium hydrogen sulfide (NaHS) (a donor of H2S) or 1,000 µM N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC, an ROS scavenger) prior to exposure to DOX. Pretreatment with either 400 µM NaHS or 3 µM SB203580, a selective inhibitor of p38 MAPK, ameliorated DOX-induced cardiomyocyte injuries, as evidenced by an increase in cell viability, and decreases in the number of apoptotic cells, ROS generation as well as dissipation of MMP. In conclusion, the findings of the present study demonstrated that the activation of p38 MAPK contributes to DOX-induced injuries, including cytotoxicity, apoptosis, mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress in H9c2 cells. We also provide novel evidence that exogenous H2S protects H9c2 cells against DOX-induced cardiotoxicity by inhibition of the p38 MAPK pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Runmin Guo
- Department of Physiology, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, PR China
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Jung M, Metzger D. Purkinje-neuron-specific down-regulation of p38 protects motoric function from the repeated use of benzodiazepine. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.4236/abb.2013.46a009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Kyriakis JM, Avruch J. Mammalian MAPK signal transduction pathways activated by stress and inflammation: a 10-year update. Physiol Rev 2012; 92:689-737. [PMID: 22535895 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00028.2011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 986] [Impact Index Per Article: 82.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian stress-activated families of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) were first elucidated in 1994, and by 2001, substantial progress had been made in identifying the architecture of the pathways upstream of these kinases as well as in cataloguing candidate substrates. This information remains largely sound. Nevertheless, an informed understanding of the physiological and pathophysiological roles of these kinases remained to be accomplished. In the past decade, there has been an explosion of new work using RNAi in cells, as well as transgenic, knockout and conditional knockout technology in mice that has provided valuable insight into the functions of stress-activated MAPK pathways. These findings have important implications in our understanding of organ development, innate and acquired immunity, and diseases such as atherosclerosis, tumorigenesis, and type 2 diabetes. These new developments bring us within striking distance of the development and validation of novel treatment strategies. Herein we first summarize the molecular components of the mammalian stress-regulated MAPK pathways and their regulation as described thus far. We then review some of the in vivo functions of these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- John M Kyriakis
- Molecular Cardiology Research Institute, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St., Box 8486, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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Stains CI, Tedford NC, Walkup TC, Luković E, Goguen BN, Griffith LG, Lauffenburger DA, Imperiali B. Interrogating signaling nodes involved in cellular transformations using kinase activity probes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 19:210-7. [PMID: 22365604 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2011.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2011] [Revised: 10/25/2011] [Accepted: 11/22/2011] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Protein kinases catalyze protein phosphorylation and thereby control the flow of information through signaling cascades. Currently available methods for concomitant assessment of the enzymatic activities of multiple kinases in complex biological samples rely on indirect proxies for enzymatic activity, such as posttranslational modifications to protein kinases. Our laboratories have recently described a method for directly quantifying the enzymatic activity of kinases in unfractionated cell lysates using substrates containing a phosphorylation-sensitive unnatural amino acid termed CSox, which can be monitored using fluorescence. Here, we demonstrate the utility of this method using a probe set encompassing p38α, MK2, ERK1/2, Akt, and PKA. This panel of chemosensors provides activity measurements of individual kinases in a model of skeletal muscle differentiation and can be readily used to generate individualized kinase activity profiles for tissue samples from clinical cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cliff I Stains
- Department of Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
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Foster WH, Tidball JG, Wang Y. p38γ activity is required for maintenance of slow skeletal muscle size. Muscle Nerve 2012; 45:266-73. [PMID: 22246884 DOI: 10.1002/mus.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION p38γ kinase is highly enriched in skeletal muscle and is implicated in myotube formation. However, the activation status of p38γ in muscle is unclear. METHODS p38γ activity in slow and fast adult mouse skeletal muscle tissue was examined, as was the impact of p38γ deficiency on muscle development and gene expression. RESULTS p38γ is preferentially activated in slow muscle, but it is inactive in fast muscle types. Furthermore, the loss of p38γ in mice led to decreased muscle mass associated with a smaller myofiber diameter in slow muscle, but there was no impact on fast muscle in either mass or myofiber diameter. Finally, p38γ-deficient muscle showed selective changes in genes related to muscle growth in slow muscle fibers. CONCLUSION This study provides evidence that p38γ is selectively activated in slow skeletal muscle and is involved in the normal growth and development of a subset of skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H Foster
- Molecular, Cellular, and Integrated Physiology Program, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Apoptotic signaling in endothelial cells with neutrophil activation. Mol Cell Biochem 2011; 363:269-80. [DOI: 10.1007/s11010-011-1179-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2011] [Accepted: 11/24/2011] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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New Insights into the p38γ and p38δ MAPK Pathways. JOURNAL OF SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION 2011; 2012:520289. [PMID: 22175015 PMCID: PMC3235882 DOI: 10.1155/2012/520289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2011] [Accepted: 10/13/2011] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) family is composed of four members (p38α, p38β, p38γ, and p38δ), which are very similar in amino acid sequence but differ in their expression patterns. This suggests that they may have specific functions in different organs. In the last years most of the effort has been centred on the study of the function of the p38α isoform, which is widely referred to as p38 in the literature. However, the role that other p38 isoforms play in cellular functions and their implication in some of the pathological conditions have not been precisely defined so far. In this paper we highlight recent advances made in defining the functions of the two less studied alternative p38MAPKs, p38γ and p38δ. We describe that these p38MAPKs show similarities to the classical p38α isoform, although they may play central and distinct role in certain physiological and pathological processes.
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p38γ mitogen-activated protein kinase contributes to oncogenic properties maintenance and resistance to poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 inhibition in breast cancer. Neoplasia 2011; 13:472-82. [PMID: 21532888 DOI: 10.1593/neo.101748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2010] [Revised: 02/15/2011] [Accepted: 02/18/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
p38γ MAPK, one of the four members of p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs), has previously been shown to harbor oncogenic functions. However, the biologic function of p38γ MAPK in breast cancer has not been well defined. In this study, we have shown that p38γ MAPK is overexpressed in highly metastatic human and mouse breast cancer cell lines and p38γ MAPK expression is preferentially associated with basal-like and metastatic phenotypes of breast tumor samples. Ectopic expression of p38γ MAPK did not lead to an increase in oncogenic properties in vitro in most tested mammary epithelial cells. However, knockdown of p38γ MAPK expression resulted in a dramatic decrease in cell proliferation, colony formation, cell migration, invasion in vitro and significant retardation of tumorigenesis, and long-distance metastasis to the lungs in vivo. Moreover, knockdown of p38γ MAPK triggered the activation of AKT signaling. Inhibition of this feedback loop with various PI3K/AKT signaling inhibitors facilitated the effect of targeting p38γ MAPK. We further found that overexpression of p38γ MAPK did not promote cell resistance to chemotherapeutic agents doxorubicin and paclitaxel but significantly increased cell resistance to PJ-34, a DNA damage agent poly (ADP-ribose)-polymerase-1 (PARP) inhibitor in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we identified that p38γ MAPK overexpression led to marked cell cycle arrest in G(2)/M phase. Our study for the first time clearly demonstrates that p38γ MAPK is a promising target for the design of targeted therapies for basal-like breast cancer with metastatic characteristics and for overcoming potential resistance against the PARP inhibitor.
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The myogenic kinome: protein kinases critical to mammalian skeletal myogenesis. Skelet Muscle 2011; 1:29. [PMID: 21902831 PMCID: PMC3180440 DOI: 10.1186/2044-5040-1-29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Myogenesis is a complex and tightly regulated process, the end result of which is the formation of a multinucleated myofibre with contractile capability. Typically, this process is described as being regulated by a coordinated transcriptional hierarchy. However, like any cellular process, myogenesis is also controlled by members of the protein kinase family, which transmit and execute signals initiated by promyogenic stimuli. In this review, we describe the various kinases involved in mammalian skeletal myogenesis: which step of myogenesis a particular kinase regulates, how it is activated (if known) and what its downstream effects are. We present a scheme of protein kinase activity, similar to that which exists for the myogenic transcription factors, to better clarify the complex signalling that underlies muscle development.
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Abstract
Activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) signaling cascade are important pathophysiologic regulators during the development of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). In present study, we designed to monitor the activity of these MAPKs in Iranian patients with AMI comparing with controls. The degree of activation (phosphorylation) of p38 kinase, p44/42 extracellular regulated kinase, and c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK1/2) and their corresponding activity levels were analyzed in 258 patients with AMI and 250 normal subjects. The expression of p38α mRNA was determined. These analysis were carried out immediately and 12 h after AMI. Activity of p38 and JNK1/2 MAPKs were significantly increased in patients with AMI than controls immediately after infarction. These activities were reduced during 12 h after AMI. However, there were no statistically differences in activation and activity of p44/42 in the patients and controls. The mRNA expression of p38α was increased in the patients comparing with controls. Results of this study indicate that these MAPKs signaling pathway might be activated by AMI which signal transduction involves kinase phosphorylation and play important roles in their activity. Elevated activity of p38 and JNK1/2 MAPKs suggests that they may potentially play significant roles in AMI.
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Kukkonen-Macchi A, Sicora O, Kaczynska K, Oetken-Lindholm C, Pouwels J, Laine L, Kallio MJ. Loss of p38gamma MAPK induces pleiotropic mitotic defects and massive cell death. J Cell Sci 2010; 124:216-27. [PMID: 21172807 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.068254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (p38 MAPK) family, which is comprised of four protein isoforms, p38α, p38β, p38γ and p38δ, forms one of the key MAPK pathways. The p38 MAPKs are implicated in many cellular processes including inflammation, differentiation, cell growth, cell cycle and cell death. The function of p38 MAPKs in mitotic entry has been well established, but their role in mitotic progression has remained controversial. We identify p38γ MAPK as a modulator of mitotic progression and mitotic cell death. In HeLa cells, loss of p38γ results in multipolar spindle formation and chromosome misalignment, which induce a transient M phase arrest. The majority of p38γ-depleted cells die at mitotic arrest or soon after abnormal exit from M-phase. We show that p38 MAPKs are activated at the kinetochores and spindle poles throughout mitosis by kinase(s) that are stably bound to these structures. Finally, p38γ is required for the normal kinetochore localization of polo-like kinase 1 (Plk1), and this contributes to the activity of the p38 MAPK pathway. Our data suggest a link between mitotic regulation and the p38 MAPK pathway, in which p38γ prevents chromosomal instability and supports mitotic cell viability.
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Mao X, Sano Y, Park JM, Payne AS. p38 MAPK activation is downstream of the loss of intercellular adhesion in pemphigus vulgaris. J Biol Chem 2010; 286:1283-91. [PMID: 21078676 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m110.172874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pemphigus vulgaris (PV) is a potentially fatal blistering disease characterized by autoantibodies against the desmosomal adhesion protein desmoglein (Dsg) 3. Whether autoantibody steric hindrance or signaling through pathways such as p38 MAPK is primary in disease pathogenesis is controversial. PV mAbs that cause endocytosis of Dsg3 but do not dissociate keratinocytes because of compensatory adhesion by Dsg1 do not activate p38. The same mAbs plus exfoliative toxin to inactivate Dsg1 but not exfoliative toxin alone activate p38, suggesting that p38 activation is secondary to loss of adhesion. Mice with epidermal p38α deficiency blister after passive transfer of PV mAbs; however, acantholytic cells retain cell surface Dsg3 compared with wild-type mice. In cultured keratinocytes, p38 knockdown prevents loss of desmosomal Dsg3 by PV mAbs, and exogenous p38 activation causes internalization of Dsg3, desmocollin 3, and desmoplakin. p38α MAPK is therefore not required for the loss of intercellular adhesion in PV, but may function downstream to augment blistering via Dsg3 endocytosis. Treatments aimed at increasing keratinocyte adhesion could be used in conjunction with immunosuppressive agents, potentially leading to safer and more effective combination therapy regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuming Mao
- Department of Dermatology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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Marber MS, Rose B, Wang Y. The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway--a potential target for intervention in infarction, hypertrophy, and heart failure. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2010; 51:485-90. [PMID: 21062627 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 10/19/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases (p38s) are stress-activated Ser/Thr kinases. Their activation has been associated with various pathological stressors in the heart. Activated p38 is implicated in a wide spectrum of cardiac pathologies, including hypertrophy, myocardial infarction, as well as systolic and diastolic heart failure. In this review, the specific contribution of different isoforms of p38 kinases to cardiac diseases as well as TAB-1-mediated non-canonical activation pathway are discussed as a rationale for inhibiting p38 activity to treat cardiac hypertrophy, ischemic injury, and heart failure. Finally, a summary of current clinical trials targeting p38 kinases in cardiovascular diseases is provided to highlight the potential promise as well as existing challenges of this therapeutic approach. This article is part of a special issue entitled "Key Signaling Molecules in Hypertrophy and Heart Failure."
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Marber
- King's College London BHF Centre, Cardiovascular Division, The Rayne Institute, St. Thomas' Hospital, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom.
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Rose BA, Force T, Wang Y. Mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling in the heart: angels versus demons in a heart-breaking tale. Physiol Rev 2010; 90:1507-46. [PMID: 20959622 PMCID: PMC3808831 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00054.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 539] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the myriad of intracellular signaling networks that govern the cardiac development and pathogenesis, mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are prominent players that have been the focus of extensive investigations in the past decades. The four best characterized MAPK subfamilies, ERK1/2, JNK, p38, and ERK5, are the targets of pharmacological and genetic manipulations to uncover their roles in cardiac development, function, and diseases. However, information reported in the literature from these efforts has not yet resulted in a clear view about the roles of specific MAPK pathways in heart. Rather, controversies from contradictive results have led to a perception that MAPKs are ambiguous characters in heart with both protective and detrimental effects. The primary object of this review is to provide a comprehensive overview of the current progress, in an effort to highlight the areas where consensus is established verses the ones where controversy remains. MAPKs in cardiac development, cardiac hypertrophy, ischemia/reperfusion injury, and pathological remodeling are the main focuses of this review as these represent the most critical issues for evaluating MAPKs as viable targets of therapeutic development. The studies presented in this review will help to reveal the major challenges in the field and the limitations of current approaches and point to a critical need in future studies to gain better understanding of the fundamental mechanisms of MAPK function and regulation in the heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth A Rose
- Departments of Anesthesiology, Physiology, and Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine, Molecular Biology, Institute, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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Lovett FA, Cosgrove RA, Gonzalez I, Pell JM. Essential role for p38alpha MAPK but not p38gamma MAPK in Igf2 expression and myoblast differentiation. Endocrinology 2010; 151:4368-80. [PMID: 20610565 DOI: 10.1210/en.2010-0209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The muscle satellite cell is established as the major stem cell contributing to fiber growth and repair. p38 MAPK signaling is essential for myoblast differentiation and in particular for up-regulation of promyogenic Igf2 expression. p38 exists as four isoforms (alpha, beta, gamma, and delta), of which p38gamma is uniquely abundant in muscle. The aim of this study was to characterize p38 isoform expression and importance (using shRNA knockdown; demonstrated via both reduced protein and kinase activities) during myoblast differentiation. p38alpha and -gamma mRNA levels were most abundant in differentiating C2 cells with low/negligible contributions from p38beta and -delta, respectively. Increased phosphorylation of p38alpha and -gamma occurred during differentiation but via different mechanisms: p38alpha protein levels remained constant, whereas total p38gamma levels increased. Following shRNA knockdown of p38alpha, myoblast differentiation was dramatically inhibited [reduced myosin heavy chain (MHC), myogenin, pAkt protein levels]; significantly, Igf2 mRNA levels and promoter-reporter activities decreased. In contrast, knockdown of p38gamma induced a transient increase in both myogenin and MHC protein levels with no effect on Igf2 mRNA levels or promoter-reporter activity. Knockdown of p38alpha/beta markedly increased but that of p38gamma decreased caspase 3 activity, suggesting opposite actions on apoptosis. p38gamma was initially proposed to have a promyogenic function; however, p38gamma overexpression could not rescue reduced myoblast differentiation following p38alpha/beta inhibition. Therefore, p38alpha is essential for myoblast differentiation, and part of its action is to convert signals that indicate cell density into promyogenic gene expression in the form of the key peptide, IGF-II; p38gamma has a minor, yet opposing antimyogenic, function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Lovett
- The Babraham Institute, Cambridge CB22 3AT, United Kingdom
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