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Ambrose BA, Stevenson DW. The evolution and development of sporangia-The fundamental reproductive organ of land plant sporophytes. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 81:102563. [PMID: 38838582 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2024.102563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
A key innovation of land plants is the origin and evolution of the sporangium, the fundamental reproductive structure of the diploid sporophyte. In vascular plants, whether the structure is a cone, fertile leaf, or flower-all are clusters of sporangia. The evolution of morphologically distinct sporangia (heterospory) and retention of the gametophyte evolved three times independently as a prerequisite for the evolution of seeds. This review summarizes the development of vascular plant sporangia, molecular genetics of angiosperm sporangia, and provides a framework to investigate evolution and development in vascular plant sporangia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Ambrose
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Blvd., Bronx, NY, 10458, USA.
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2
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Yin GM, Fang YR, Wang JG, Liu Y, Xiang X, Li S, Zhang Y. Arabidopsis HAPLESS13/AP-1µ is critical for pollen sac formation and tapetal function. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2024; 341:111998. [PMID: 38307351 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2024.111998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
The production of excess and viable pollen grains is critical for reproductive success of flowering plants. Pollen grains are produced within anthers, the male reproductive organ whose development involves precisely controlled cell differentiation, division, and intercellular communication. In Arabidopsis thaliana, specification of an archesporial cell (AC) at four corners of a developing anther, followed by programmed cell divisions, generates four pollen sacs, walled by four cell layers among which the tapetum is in close contact with developing microspores. Tapetum secretes callose-dissolving enzymes to release microspores at early stages and undergoes programmed cell death (PCD) to deliver nutrients and signals for microspore development at later stages. Except for transcription factors, plasma membrane (PM)-associated and secretory peptides have also been demonstrated to mediate anther development. Adaptor protein complexes (AP) recruit both cargos and coat proteins during vesicle trafficking. Arabidopsis AP-1µ/HAPLESS13 (HAP13) is a core component of AP-1 for protein sorting at the trans-Golgi network/early endosomes (TGN/EE). We report here that Arabidopsis HAP13 is critical for pollen sac formation and for sporophytic control of pollen production. Functional loss of HAP13 causes a reduction in pollen sac number. It also results in the dysfunction of tapetum such that secretory function of tapetum at early stages and PCD of tapetum at later stages are both compromised. We further show that the expression of SPL, the polar distribution of auxin maximum, as well as the asymmetric distribution of PIN1 are interfered in hap13 anthers, which in combination may lead to male sterility in hap13.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gui-Min Yin
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yi-Ru Fang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Jia-Gang Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Yue Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Xiaojiao Xiang
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China
| | - Sha Li
- College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Cell Responses, College of Life Sciences, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China.
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3
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Wiese AJ, Torutaeva E, Honys D. The transcription factors and pathways underpinning male reproductive development in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1354418. [PMID: 38390292 PMCID: PMC10882072 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1354418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/15/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
As Arabidopsis flowers mature, specialized cells within the anthers undergo meiosis, leading to the production of haploid microspores that differentiate into mature pollen grains, each containing two sperm cells for double fertilization. During pollination, the pollen grains are dispersed from the anthers to the stigma for subsequent fertilization. Transcriptomic studies have identified a large number of genes expressed over the course of male reproductive development and subsequent functional characterization of some have revealed their involvement in floral meristem establishment, floral organ growth, sporogenesis, meiosis, microsporogenesis, and pollen maturation. These genes encode a plethora of proteins, ranging from transcriptional regulators to enzymes. This review will focus on the regulatory networks that control male reproductive development, starting from flower development and ending with anther dehiscence, with a focus on transcription factors and some of their notable target genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Johanna Wiese
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
| | - Elnura Torutaeva
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute for Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czechia
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Prague, Czechia
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Withers KA, Falls K, Youngstrom CE, Nguyen T, DeWald A, Yarvis RM, Simons GP, Flanagan R, Bui LT, Irish EE, Cheng CL. A Ceratopteris EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1 suppresses reproductive transition in the fern vegetative leaves. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 335:111812. [PMID: 37532002 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Land plant sexual reproduction involves the transition of cells from somatic to reproductive identity during post-embryonic development. In Arabidopsis, the leucine-rich repeat receptor-like kinase EXCESS MICROSPOROCYTES1 (EXS/EMS1) restricts the number of sporogenous cells during the transition from diploid tissue to haploid spore production by promoting the formation of the tapetum cell layer within the anther. Although all land plants studied contain EMS1 genes, its function is unknown beyond a few angiosperms. In the model fern Ceratopteris (Ceratopteris richardii), we discovered an EMS1 homolog (CrEMS1) that functions to suppress formation of reproductive structures on vegetative leaves of the fern sporophyte, a role not found in angiosperms. Suppression of CrEMS1 by RNAi did not affect sporogenesis on reproductive leaves but did affect antheridium production of the fern gametophyte. Expression patterns of CrEMS1 across developmental stages suggest threshold levels of CrEMS1 control the specification of reproductive organs during both generations of the fern. Additional EMS1 homologs present in the fern genome suggest a dynamic role of EMS1 receptors in the evolution of reproductive development in vascular plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelley A Withers
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Kevin Falls
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | | | - Tommy Nguyen
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Anika DeWald
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Rebekah M Yarvis
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Gabriel P Simons
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Robert Flanagan
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Linh T Bui
- The Translational Genomics Research Institute, 445 N. Fifth St., Phoenix, AZ 85004, USA
| | - Erin E Irish
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Chi-Lien Cheng
- Department of Biology, University of Iowa, 129 E. Jefferson St., Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
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5
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Stevenson DW, Ramakrishnan S, de Santis Alves C, Coelho LA, Kramer M, Goodwin S, Ramos OM, Eshel G, Sondervan VM, Frangos S, Zumajo-Cardona C, Jenike K, Ou S, Wang X, Lee YP, Loke S, Rossetto M, McPherson H, Nigris S, Moschin S, Little DP, Katari MS, Varala K, Kolokotronis SO, Ambrose B, Croft LJ, Coruzzi GM, Schatz M, McCombie WR, Martienssen RA. The genome of the Wollemi pine, a critically endangered "living fossil" unchanged since the Cretaceous, reveals extensive ancient transposon activity. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.24.554647. [PMID: 37662366 PMCID: PMC10473749 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.554647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
We present the genome of the living fossil, Wollemia nobilis, a southern hemisphere conifer morphologically unchanged since the Cretaceous. Presumed extinct until rediscovery in 1994, the Wollemi pine is critically endangered with less than 60 wild adults threatened by intensifying bushfires in the Blue Mountains of Australia. The 12 Gb genome is among the most contiguous large plant genomes assembled, with extremely low heterozygosity and unusual abundance of DNA transposons. Reduced representation and genome re-sequencing of individuals confirms a relictual population since the last major glacial/drying period in Australia, 120 ky BP. Small RNA and methylome sequencing reveal conservation of ancient silencing mechanisms despite the presence of thousands of active and abundant transposons, including some transferred horizontally to conifers from arthropods in the Jurassic. A retrotransposon burst 8-6 my BP coincided with population decline, possibly as an adaptation enhancing epigenetic diversity. Wollemia, like other conifers, is susceptible to Phytophthora, and a suite of defense genes, similar to those in loblolly pine, are targeted for silencing by sRNAs in leaves. The genome provides insight into the earliest seed plants, while enabling conservation efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Cristiane de Santis Alves
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
| | - Laís Araujo Coelho
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Institute for Genomics in Health; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA
| | - Melissa Kramer
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | - Sara Goodwin
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
| | | | - Gil Eshel
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Samantha Frangos
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | | | - Katherine Jenike
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Shujun Ou
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
- Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
| | - Xiaojin Wang
- Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Yin Peng Lee
- Charles River Laboratories Australia, 17-19 Hi-Tech Ct, Kilsyth VIC 3137, Australia
| | - Stella Loke
- Charles River Laboratories Australia, 17-19 Hi-Tech Ct, Kilsyth VIC 3137, Australia
| | - Maurizio Rossetto
- Research Centre for Ecosystem Resilience, Royal Botanic Garden Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2000, Australia
| | - Hannah McPherson
- National Herbarium of New South Wales, Australian Botanic Garden, Mount Annan, NSW 2567, Australia
| | - Sebastiano Nigris
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; and Botanical Garden, Università degli studi di Padova, via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | - Silvia Moschin
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli studi di Padova, via U. Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padova, Italy; and Botanical Garden, Università degli studi di Padova, via Orto Botanico 15, 35123 Padova, Italy
| | - Damon P. Little
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Manpreet S. Katari
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Kranthi Varala
- Purdue University, 610 Purdue Mall, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
| | - Sergios-Orestis Kolokotronis
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health; Institute for Genomics in Health; Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, and Department of Cell Biology, College of Medicine, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203-2098, USA
| | - Barbara Ambrose
- The New York Botanical Garden, 2900 Southern Boulevard, Bronx, NY 10458, USA
| | - Larry J. Croft
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, Victoria 3216, Australia
| | - Gloria M. Coruzzi
- Center for Genomics & Systems Biology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Michael Schatz
- Department of Computer Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Robert A. Martienssen
- Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, USA
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, NY 11724, USA
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Yang Q, Wang J, Zhang S, Zhan Y, Shen J, Chang F. ARF3-Mediated Regulation of SPL in Early Anther Morphogenesis: Maintaining Precise Spatial Distribution and Expression Level. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11740. [PMID: 37511499 PMCID: PMC10380544 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/11/2023] [Accepted: 07/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Early anther morphogenesis is a crucial process for male fertility in plants, governed by the transcription factor SPL. While the involvement of AGAMOUS (AG) in SPL activation and microsporogenesis initiation is well established, our understanding of the mechanisms governing the spatial distribution and precise expression of SPL during anther cell fate determination remains limited. Here, we present novel findings on the abnormal phenotypes of two previously unreported SPL mutants, spl-4 and spl-5, during anther morphogenesis. Through comprehensive analysis, we identified ARF3 as a key upstream regulator of SPL. Our cytological experiments demonstrated that ARF3 plays a critical role in restricting SPL expression specifically in microsporocytes. Moreover, we revealed that ARF3 directly binds to two specific auxin response elements on the SPL promoter, effectively suppressing AG-mediated activation of SPL. Notably, the arf3 loss-of-function mutant exhibits phenotypic similarities to the SPL overexpression mutant (spl-5), characterized by defective adaxial anther lobes. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differential expression of the genes involved in the morphogenesis pathway in both arf3 and spl mutants, with ARF3 and SPL exhibited opposing regulatory effects on this pathway. Taken together, our study unveils the precise role of ARF3 in restricting the spatial expression and preventing aberrant SPL levels during early anther morphogenesis, thereby ensuring the fidelity of the critical developmental process in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jianzheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Shiting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Yuyuan Zhan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Jingting Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China
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7
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Wong GY, Millar AA. Target Landscape of Conserved Plant MicroRNAs and the Complexities of Their Ancient MicroRNA-Binding Sites. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 64:604-621. [PMID: 36943747 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2023] [Accepted: 03/19/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In plants, microRNA (miRNA)-target interactions (MTIs) require high complementarity, a feature from which bioinformatic programs have predicted numerous and diverse targets for any given miRNA, promoting the idea of complex miRNA networks. Opposing this is a hypothesis of constrained miRNA specificity, in which functional MTIs are restricted to the few targets whose required expression output is compatible with the expression of the miRNA. To explore these opposing views, the bioinformatic pipeline Targets Ranked Using Experimental Evidence was applied to strongly conserved miRNAs to identity their high-evidence (HE) targets across species. For each miRNA family, HE targets predominantly consisted of homologs from one conserved target gene family (primary family). These primary families corresponded to the known canonical miRNA-target families, validating the approach. Very few additional HE target families were identified (secondary family), and if so, they were likely functionally related to the primary family. Many primary target families contained highly conserved nucleotide sequences flanking their miRNA-binding sites that were enriched in HE homologs across species. A number of these flanking sequences are predicted to form conserved RNA secondary structures that preferentially base pair with the miRNA-binding site, implying that these sites are highly structured. Our findings support a target landscape view that is dominated by the conserved primary target families, with a minority of either secondary target families or non-conserved targets. This is consistent with the constrained hypothesis of functional miRNA specificity, which potentially in part is being facilitated by features beyond complementarity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gigi Y Wong
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Anthony A Millar
- Division of Plant Science, Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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8
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Hasegawa K, Ichikawa A, Takeuchi H, Nakamura A, Iwai H. Maintenance of Methyl-Esterified Pectin Level in Pollen Mother-Cell Stages Is Required for Microspore Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:1717. [PMID: 37111940 PMCID: PMC10142773 DOI: 10.3390/plants12081717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Pectin modification and degradation are vital for plant development, although the underlying mechanisms are still not well understood. Furthermore, reports on the function of pectin in early pollen development are limited. We generated OsPME-FOX rice lines with little methyl-esterified pectin even in the early-pollen mother-cell stage due to overexpression of the gene encoding pectin-methylesterase. Overexpression of OsPME1 in rice increased the activity of PME, which decreased the degree of pectin methyl esterification in the cell wall. OsPME1-FOX grew normally and showed abnormal phenotypes in anther and pollen development, especially in terms of the pollen mother-cell stage. In addition, we examined modifications of cell-wall polysaccharides at the cellular level using antibodies against polysaccharides. Immunohistochemical staining using LM19 and LM20 showed that methyl-esterified pectin distribution and the pectin contents in pollen mother-cell wall decreased in OsPME1-FOX compared with the wild type. Thus, the maintenance of methyl-esterified pectin plays a role in degrading and maintaining the pollen mother-cell wall during microspore development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuya Hasegawa
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
- Shizuoka Prefectural Research Institute of Agriculture and Forestry, Tea Research Center, Kikugawa 439-0003, Japan
| | - Ai Ichikawa
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Haruki Takeuchi
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakamura
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- Institute of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan
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9
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Seedlessness Trait and Genome Editing—A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065660. [PMID: 36982733 PMCID: PMC10057249 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Parthenocarpy and stenospermocarpy are the two mechanisms underlying the seedless fruit set program. Seedless fruit occurs naturally and can be produced using hormone application, crossbreeding, or ploidy breeding. However, the two types of breeding are time-consuming and sometimes ineffective due to interspecies hybridization barriers or the absence of appropriate parental genotypes to use in the breeding process. The genetic engineering approach provides a better prospect, which can be explored based on an understanding of the genetic causes underlying the seedlessness trait. For instance, CRISPR/Cas is a comprehensive and precise technology. The prerequisite for using the strategy to induce seedlessness is identifying the crucial master gene or transcription factor liable for seed formation/development. In this review, we primarily explored the seedlessness mechanisms and identified the potential candidate genes underlying seed development. We also discussed the CRISPR/Cas-mediated genome editing approaches and their improvements.
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Yang D, Wang Z, Huang X, Xu C. Molecular regulation of tomato male reproductive development. ABIOTECH 2023; 4:72-82. [PMID: 37220538 PMCID: PMC10199995 DOI: 10.1007/s42994-022-00094-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The reproductive success of flowering plants, which directly affects crop yield, is sensitive to environmental changes. A thorough understanding of how crop reproductive development adapts to climate changes is vital for ensuring global food security. In addition to being a high-value vegetable crop, tomato is also a model plant used for research on plant reproductive development. Tomato crops are cultivated under highly diverse climatic conditions worldwide. Targeted crosses of hybrid varieties have resulted in increased yields and abiotic stress resistance; however, tomato reproduction, especially male reproductive development, is sensitive to temperature fluctuations, which can lead to aborted male gametophytes, with detrimental effects on fruit set. We herein review the cytological features as well as genetic and molecular pathways influencing tomato male reproductive organ development and responses to abiotic stress. We also compare the shared features among the associated regulatory mechanisms of tomato and other plants. Collectively, this review highlights the opportunities and challenges related to characterizing and exploiting genic male sterility in tomato hybrid breeding programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Zhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
| | - Xiaozhen Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
| | - Cao Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics, National Center for Plant Gene Research (Beijing), Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- CAS-JIC Centre of Excellence for Plant and Microbial Science, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101 China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049 China
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11
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Comprehensive Insight into Tapetum-Mediated Pollen Development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Cells 2023; 12:cells12020247. [PMID: 36672181 PMCID: PMC9857336 DOI: 10.3390/cells12020247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
In flowering plants, pollen development is a key process that is essential for sexual reproduction and seed set. Molecular and genetic studies indicate that pollen development is coordinatedly regulated by both gametophytic and sporophytic factors. Tapetum, the somatic cell layer adjacent to the developing male meiocytes, plays an essential role during pollen development. In the early anther development stage, the tapetal cells secrete nutrients, proteins, lipids, and enzymes for microsporocytes and microspore development, while initiating programmed cell death to provide critical materials for pollen wall formation in the late stage. Therefore, disrupting tapetum specification, development, or function usually leads to serious defects in pollen development. In this review, we aim to summarize the current understanding of tapetum-mediated pollen development and illuminate the underlying molecular mechanism in Arabidopsis thaliana.
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12
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Sun Y, Zhang D, Dong H, Wang Z, Wang J, Lv H, Guo Y, Hu S. Comparative transcriptome analysis provides insight into the important pathways and key genes related to the pollen abortion in the thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line 373S in Brassica napus L. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 23:26. [PMID: 36576592 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00943-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2021] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The thermo-sensitive genic male sterility (TGMS) system plays a key role in the production of two-line hybrids in rapeseed (Brassica napus). To uncover key cellular events and genetic regulation associated with TGMS, a combined study using cytological methods and RNA-sequencing analysis was conducted for the rapeseed TGMS line 373S. Cytological studies showed that microspore cytoplasm of 373S plants was condensed, the microspore nucleus was degraded at an early stage, the exine was irregular, and the tapetum developed abnormally, eventually leading to male sterility. RNA-sequencing analysis identified 430 differentially expressed genes (298 upregulated and 132 downregulated) between the fertile and sterile samples. Gene ontology analysis demonstrated that the most highly represented biological processes included sporopollenin biosynthetic process, pollen exine formation, and extracellular matrix assembly. Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes analysis indicated that the enriched pathways included amino acid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Moreover, 26 transcript factors were identified, which may be associated with abnormal tapetum degeneration and exine formation. Subsequently, 19 key genes were selected, which are considered to regulate pollen development and even participate in pollen exine formation. Our results will provide important insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying TGMS in rapeseed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.,Soybean Research Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun, 130033, China
| | - Dongsuo Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Hui Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Zhenzhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Jing Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Huijie Lv
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Yuan Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
| | - Shengwu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas and College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China.
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13
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An Overview of Molecular Basis and Genetic Modification of Floral Organs Genes: Impact of Next-Generation Sequencing. Mol Biotechnol 2022; 65:833-848. [DOI: 10.1007/s12033-022-00633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/01/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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14
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Marchant DB, Walbot V. Anther development-The long road to making pollen. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4677-4695. [PMID: 36135809 PMCID: PMC9709990 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac287] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Anthers express the most genes of any plant organ, and their development involves sequential redifferentiation of many cell types to perform distinctive roles from inception through pollen dispersal. Agricultural yield and plant breeding depend on understanding and consequently manipulating anthers, a compelling motivation for basic plant biology research to contribute. After stamen initiation, two theca form at the tip, and each forms an adaxial and abaxial lobe composed of pluripotent Layer 1-derived and Layer 2-derived cells. After signal perception or self-organization, germinal cells are specified from Layer 2-derived cells, and these secrete a protein ligand that triggers somatic differentiation of their neighbors. Historically, recovery of male-sterile mutants has been the starting point for studying anther biology. Many genes and some genetic pathways have well-defined functions in orchestrating subsequent cell fate and differentiation events. Today, new tools are providing more detailed information; for example, the developmental trajectory of germinal cells illustrates the power of single cell RNA-seq to dissect the complex journey of one cell type. We highlight ambiguities and gaps in available data to encourage attention on important unresolved issues.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Blaine Marchant
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94505, USA
| | - Virginia Walbot
- Department of Biology, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94505, USA
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15
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Zhu M, Tao L, Zhang J, Liu R, Tian H, Hu C, Zhu Y, Li M, Wei Z, Yi J, Li J, Gou X. The type-B response regulators ARR10, ARR12, and ARR18 specify the central cell in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4714-4737. [PMID: 36130292 PMCID: PMC9709988 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
In Arabidopsis thaliana, the female gametophyte consists of two synergid cells, an egg cell, a diploid central cell, and three antipodal cells. CYTOKININ INDEPENDENT 1 (CKI1), a histidine kinase constitutively activating the cytokinin signaling pathway, specifies the central cell and restricts the egg cell. However, the mechanism regulating CKI1-dependent central cell specification is largely unknown. Here, we showed that the type-B ARABIDOPSIS RESPONSE REGULATORS10, 12, and 18 (ARR10/12/18) localize at the chalazal pole of the female gametophyte. Phenotypic analysis showed that the arr10 12 18 triple mutant is female sterile. We examined the expression patterns of embryo sac marker genes and found that the embryo sac of arr10 12 18 plants had lost central cell identity, a phenotype similar to that of the Arabidopsis cki1 mutant. Genetic analyses demonstrated that ARR10/12/18, CKI1, and ARABIDOPSIS HISTIDINE PHOSPHOTRANSFER PROTEIN2, 3, and 5 (AHP2/3/5) function in a common pathway to regulate female gametophyte development. In addition, constitutively activated ARR10/12/18 in the cki1 embryo sac partially restored the fertility of cki1. Results of transcriptomic analysis supported the conclusion that ARR10/12/18 and CKI1 function together to regulate the identity of the central cell. Our results demonstrated that ARR10/12/18 function downstream of CKI1-AHP2/3/5 as core factors to determine cell fate of the female gametophyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingsong Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Liang Tao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jinghua Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Ruini Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Hongai Tian
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Chong Hu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yafen Zhu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Meizhen Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Zhuoyun Wei
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jing Yi
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Jia Li
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaoping Gou
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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16
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Cheng Z, Song W, Zhang X. Genic male and female sterility in vegetable crops. HORTICULTURE RESEARCH 2022; 10:uhac232. [PMID: 36643746 PMCID: PMC9832880 DOI: 10.1093/hr/uhac232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Vegetable crops are greatly appreciated for their beneficial nutritional and health components. Hybrid seeds are widely used in vegetable crops for advantages such as high yield and improved resistance, which require the participation of male (stamen) and female (pistil) reproductive organs. Male- or female-sterile plants are commonly used for production of hybrid seeds or seedless fruits in vegetables. In this review we will focus on the types of genic male sterility and factors affecting female fertility, summarize typical gene function and research progress related to reproductive organ identity and sporophyte and gametophyte development in vegetable crops [mainly tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and cucumber (Cucumis sativus)], and discuss the research trends and application perspectives of the sterile trait in vegetable breeding and hybrid production, in order to provide a reference for fertility-related germplasm innovation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Cheng
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Weiyuan Song
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhang
- State Key Laboratories of Agrobiotechnology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Growth and Developmental Regulation for Protected Vegetable Crops, MOE Joint Laboratory for International Cooperation in Crop Molecular Breeding, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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17
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Specification of female germline by microRNA orchestrated auxin signaling in Arabidopsis. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6960. [PMID: 36379956 PMCID: PMC9666636 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-34723-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Germline determination is essential for species survival and evolution in multicellular organisms. In most flowering plants, formation of the female germline is initiated with specification of one megaspore mother cell (MMC) in each ovule; however, the molecular mechanism underlying this key event remains unclear. Here we report that spatially restricted auxin signaling promotes MMC fate in Arabidopsis. Our results show that the microRNA160 (miR160) targeted gene ARF17 (AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR17) is required for promoting MMC specification by genetically interacting with the SPL/NZZ (SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE) gene. Alterations of auxin signaling cause formation of supernumerary MMCs in an ARF17- and SPL/NZZ-dependent manner. Furthermore, miR160 and ARF17 are indispensable for attaining a normal auxin maximum at the ovule apex via modulating the expression domain of PIN1 (PIN-FORMED1) auxin transporter. Our findings elucidate the mechanism by which auxin signaling promotes the acquisition of female germline cell fate in plants.
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18
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Shen L, Tian F, Cheng Z, Zhao Q, Feng Q, Zhao Y, Han B, Fang Y, Lin Y, Chen R, Wang D, Sun W, Sun J, Zeng H, Yao N, Gao G, Luo J, Xu Z, Bai S. OsMADS58 Stabilizes Gene Regulatory Circuits during Rice Stamen Development. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2899. [PMID: 36365352 PMCID: PMC9658454 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Rice (Oryza sativa) OsMADS58 is a C-class MADS box protein, and characterization of a transposon insertion mutant osmads58 suggested that OsMADS58 plays a role in stamen development. However, as no null mutation has been obtained, its role has remained unclear. Here, we report that the CRISPR knockout mutant osmads58 exhibits complex altered phenotypes, including anomalous diploid germ cells, aberrant meiosis, and delayed tapetum degeneration. This CRISPR mutant line exhibited stronger changes in expression of OsMADS58 target genes compared with the osmads58 dSpm (transposon insertion) line, along with changes in multiple pathways related to early stamen development. Notably, transcriptional regulatory circuits in young panicles covering the stamen at stages 4-6 were substantially altered in the CRISPR line compared to the dSpm line. These findings strongly suggest that the pleiotropic effects of OsMADS58 on stamen development derive from a potential role in stabilizing gene regulatory circuits during early stamen development. Thus, this work opens new avenues for viewing and deciphering the regulatory mechanisms of early stamen development from a network perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liping Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Physiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Feng Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Center for Bioinformatics (CBI), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Qi Feng
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yan Zhao
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Bin Han
- National Center for Gene Research, State Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center of Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Yuhan Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yanan Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Rui Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Donghui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | | | - Jiaqi Sun
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Hongyun Zeng
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Nan Yao
- School of Life Science, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510260, China
| | - Ge Gao
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Biomedical Pioneering Innovation Center (BIOPIC), Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Genomics (ICG), Center for Bioinformatics (CBI), Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jingchu Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Bioinformatics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihong Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Shunong Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Protein & Plant Gene Research, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center of Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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19
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Hou Q, Zhang T, Qi Y, Dong Z, Wan X. Epigenetic Dynamics and Regulation of Plant Male Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms231810420. [PMID: 36142333 PMCID: PMC9499625 DOI: 10.3390/ijms231810420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Flowering plant male germlines develop within anthers and undergo epigenetic reprogramming with dynamic changes in DNA methylation, chromatin modifications, and small RNAs. Profiling the epigenetic status using different technologies has substantially accumulated information on specific types of cells at different stages of male reproduction. Many epigenetically related genes involved in plant gametophyte development have been identified, and the mutation of these genes often leads to male sterility. Here, we review the recent progress on dynamic epigenetic changes during pollen mother cell differentiation, microsporogenesis, microgametogenesis, and tapetal cell development. The reported epigenetic variations between male fertile and sterile lines are summarized. We also summarize the epigenetic regulation-associated male sterility genes and discuss how epigenetic mechanisms in plant male reproduction can be further revealed.
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20
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Xia Q, Dang J, Wang P, Liang S, Wei X, Li X, Xiang S, Sun H, Wu D, Jing D, Wang S, Xia Y, He Q, Guo Q, Liang G. Low Female Gametophyte Fertility Contributes to the Low Seed Formation of the Diploid Loquat [ Eriobotrya Japonica (Thunb.) Lindl.] Line H30-6. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:882965. [PMID: 35677248 PMCID: PMC9168767 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.882965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Loquat is a widely grown subtropic fruit because of its unique ripening season, nutrient content, and smooth texture of its fruits. However, loquat is not well-received because the fruits contain many large seeds. Therefore, the development of seedless or few-seed loquat varieties is the main objective of loquat breeding. Polyploidization is an effective approach for few-seed loquat breeding, but the resource is rare. The few-seed loquat line H30-6 was derived from a seedy variety. Additionally, H30-6 was systematically studied for its fruit characteristics, gamete fertility, pollen mother cell (PMC) meiosis, stigma receptivity, in situ pollen germination, fruit set, and karyotype. The results were as follows. (1) H30-6 produced only 1.54 seeds per fruit and the fruit edible rate was 70.77%. The fruit setting rate was 14.44% under open pollination, and the other qualities were equivalent to those of two other seedy varieties. (2) The in vitro pollen germination rate was only 4.04 and 77.46% of the H30-6 embryo sacs were abnormal. Stigma receptivity and self-compatibility in H30-6 were verified by in situ pollen germination and artificial pollination. Furthermore, the seed numbers in the fruits of H30-6 did not significantly differ among any of the pollination treatments (from 1.59 ±0.14 to 2 ± 0.17). (3) The chromosome configuration at meiotic diakinesis of H30-6 was 6.87I + 9.99II + 1.07III +0.69IV +0.24V (H30-6), and a total of 89.55% of H30-6 PMCs presented univalent chromosomes. Furthermore, chromosome lagging was the main abnormal phenomenon. Karyotype analysis showed that chromosomes of H30-6 had no recognizable karyotype abnormalities leading to unusual synapsis on the large scale above. (4) The abnormal embryo sacs of H30-6 could be divided into three main types: those remaining in the tetrad stage (13.38%), those remaining in the binucleate embryo sac stage (1.41%), and those without embryo sacs (52.82%). Therefore, we conclude that the loquat line H30-6 is a potential few-seed loquat resource. The diploid loquat line H30-6 was with low gametophyte fertility, which may be driven by abnormal meiotic synapses. The low female gamete fertility was the main reason for the few seeds. This diploid loquat line provides a new possibility for breeding a few-seed loquat at the diploid level.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingqing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangbo Dang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Senlin Liang
- Economic Crops of Ziyang City, Ziyang City, China
| | - Xu Wei
- America Citrus Research and Education Center, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Xiaolin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Suqiong Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyan Sun
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Wu
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danlong Jing
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shumin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao He
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qigao Guo
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Guolu Liang
- Key Laboratory of Horticulture Science for Southern Mountains Regions of Ministry of Education, College of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
- State Cultivation Base of Crop Stress Biology for Southern Mountainous Land of Southwest University, Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
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21
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Niu J, Yang J, Feng J, Feng Z, Wang X, Yu B, Wang G. Ubiquitin-proteasome pathway plays an essential regulatory role during spermatangium formation in Neopyropia yezoensis. ALGAL RES 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2021.102623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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22
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Aslam M, Fakher B, Qin Y. Big Role of Small RNAs in Female Gametophyte Development. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23041979. [PMID: 35216096 PMCID: PMC8878111 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23041979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In living organisms, sexual reproduction relies on the successful development of the gametes. Flowering plants produce gametes in the specialized organs of the flower, the gametophytes. The female gametophyte (FG), a multicellular structure containing female gametes (egg cell and central cell), is often referred to as an embryo sac. Intriguingly, several protein complexes, molecular and genetic mechanisms participate and tightly regulate the female gametophyte development. Recent evidence indicates that small RNA (sRNA) mediated pathways play vital roles in female gametophyte development and specification. Here, we present an insight into our understanding and the recent updates on the molecular mechanism of different players of small RNA-directed regulatory pathways during ovule formation and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Aslam
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Beenish Fakher
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
| | - Yuan Qin
- Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China;
- Center for Genomics and Biotechnology, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China;
- Correspondence:
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23
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Jiang T, Zheng B. Epigenetic Regulation of Megaspore Mother Cell Formation. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 12:826871. [PMID: 35185968 PMCID: PMC8850924 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.826871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the female gametophyte (FG) initiates from the formation of the megaspore mother cell (MMC). Among a pool of the somatic cells in the ovule primordium, only one hypodermal cell undergoes a transition of cell fate to become the MMC. Subsequently, the MMC undergoes a series of meiosis and mitosis to form the mature FG harboring seven cells with eight nuclei. Although SPL/NZZ, the core transcription factor for MMC formation, was identified several decades ago, which and why only one somatic cell is chosen as the MMC have long remained mysterious. A growing body of evidence reveal that MMC formation is associated with epigenetic regulation at multiple layers, including dynamic distribution of histone variants and histone modifications, small RNAs, and DNA methylation. In this review, we summarize the progress of epigenetic regulation in the MMC formation, emphasizing the roles of chromosome condensation, histone variants, histone methylation, small RNAs, and DNA methylation.
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24
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Brassinosteroid signaling regulates female germline specification in Arabidopsis. Curr Biol 2022; 32:1102-1114.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2022.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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25
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Cui Y, Lu X, Gou X. Receptor-like protein kinases in plant reproduction: Current understanding and future perspectives. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100273. [PMID: 35059634 PMCID: PMC8760141 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2021.100273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Reproduction is a crucial process in the life span of flowering plants, and directly affects human basic requirements in agriculture, such as grain yield and quality. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are a large family of membrane proteins sensing extracellular signals to regulate plant growth, development, and stress responses. In Arabidopsis thaliana and other plant species, RLK-mediated signaling pathways play essential roles in regulating the reproductive process by sensing different ligand signals. Molecular understanding of the reproductive process is vital from the perspective of controlling male and female fertility. Here, we summarize the roles of RLKs during plant reproduction at the genetic and molecular levels, including RLK-mediated floral organ development, ovule and anther development, and embryogenesis. In addition, the possible molecular regulatory patterns of those RLKs with unrevealed mechanisms during reproductive development are discussed. We also point out the thought-provoking questions raised by the research on these plant RLKs during reproduction for future investigation.
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26
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Petrella R, Cucinotta M, Mendes MA, Underwood CJ, Colombo L. The emerging role of small RNAs in ovule development, a kind of magic. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2021; 34:335-351. [PMID: 34142243 PMCID: PMC8566443 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-021-00421-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In plants, small RNAs have been recognized as key genetic and epigenetic regulators of development. Small RNAs are usually 20 to 30 nucleotides in length and they control, in a sequence specific manner, the transcriptional or post-transcriptional expression of genes. In this review, we present a comprehensive overview of the most recent findings about the function of small RNAs in ovule development, including megasporogenesis and megagametogenesis, both in sexual and apomictic plants. We discuss recent studies on the role of miRNAs, siRNAs and trans-acting RNAs (ta-siRNAs) in early female germline differentiation. The mechanistic complexity and unique regulatory features are reviewed, and possible directions for future research are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Petrella
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta A Mendes
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Charles J Underwood
- Department of Chromosome Biology, Max Planck Institute for Plant Breeding Research, Carl-von-Linné-Weg 10, 50829, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università Degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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27
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Zhao T, Ren L, Zhao Y, You H, Zhou Y, Tang D, Du G, Shen Y, Li Y, Cheng Z. Reproductive cells and peripheral parietal cells collaboratively participate in meiotic fate acquisition in rice anthers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 108:661-671. [PMID: 34397127 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
In flowering plants, the transition from mitosis to meiosis is the precondition for gametogenesis, which is the most crucial event during sexual reproduction. Here, we report an intriguing mechanism whereby germ cells and surrounding somatic cells cooperatively involve in the meiotic switch during anther development in rice (Oryza sativa). In double mutants with loss function of both leptotene chromosome establishment- and somatic cell layer differentiation-associated genes, chromosome morphology in the reproductive cells remains the same as that in somatic cells, and sporogenous cells fail to differentiate into pollen mother cells. OsSPOROCYTELESS and MICROSPORELESS1, two pivotal genes involved in meiosis entry, are prominently downregulated in anthers of plants with mutations in both MULTIPLE SPOROCYTE1 and LEPTOTENE 1. In addition, the transcription of redox-related genes is also affected. Therefore, germ cells and the surrounding somatic cells collaboratively participate in meiosis initiation in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Zhao
- College of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, Hubei, 430065, China
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lijun Ren
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yangzi Zhao
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hanli You
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Ding Tang
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Guijie Du
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yi Shen
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yafei Li
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Zhukuan Cheng
- State Key Lab of Plant Genomics, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Innovation Academy for Seed Design, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
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28
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Yang X, Tucker MR. Establishing a regulatory blueprint for ovule number and function during plant development. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:102095. [PMID: 34428719 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2021.102095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The plant ovule is a fundamentally important organ that is the direct progenitor of the seed. It is one of the last structures to form in the flower and contains relatively few tissues, but undergoes complex developmental transitions that are essential for reproduction. Ovule number and flower fertility are important factors influencing yield, yet studies have identified challenges in trying to increase one without compromising the other. Recent findings in Arabidopsis and cereal crops highlight regulatory pathways that contribute to this yield constraint. Here, we consider the basis for variation in ovule number and development, with a particular focus on hormones and transcriptional regulators that constitute promising targets for the optimisation of reproductive traits and yield.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiujuan Yang
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- Waite Research Institute, School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA, 5064, Australia.
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29
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Xu X, Smaczniak C, Muino JM, Kaufmann K. Cell identity specification in plants: lessons from flower development. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2021; 72:4202-4217. [PMID: 33865238 PMCID: PMC8163053 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Multicellular organisms display a fascinating complexity of cellular identities and patterns of diversification. The concept of 'cell type' aims to describe and categorize this complexity. In this review, we discuss the traditional concept of cell types and highlight the impact of single-cell technologies and spatial omics on the understanding of cellular differentiation in plants. We summarize and compare position-based and lineage-based mechanisms of cell identity specification using flower development as a model system. More than understanding ontogenetic origins of differentiated cells, an important question in plant science is to understand their position- and developmental stage-specific heterogeneity. Combinatorial action and crosstalk of external and internal signals is the key to cellular heterogeneity, often converging on transcription factors that orchestrate gene expression programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaocai Xu
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Cezary Smaczniak
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jose M Muino
- Systems Biology of Gene Regulation, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Institute of Biology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kerstin Kaufmann
- Plant Cell and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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30
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Abstract
Germ cells (GCs) are the key carriers delivering genetic information from one generation to the next. In a majority of animals, GCs segregate from somatic cells during embryogenesis by forming germlines. In land plants, GCs segregate from somatic cells during postembryonic development. In a majority of angiosperms, male GCs (archesporial cells) initiate at the four corners of the anther primordia. Little is known about the mechanism underlying this initiation. Here, we discovered that the dynamic auxin distribution in developing anthers coincided with GC initiation. A centripetal auxin gradient gradually formed toward the four corners where GCs will initiate. Local auxin biosynthesis was necessary for this patterning and for GC specification. The GC determinant protein SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ) mediated the effect of auxin on GC specification and modified auxin biosynthesis to maintain a centripetal auxin distribution. Our work reveals that auxin is a key factor guiding GC specification in Arabidopsis anthers. Moreover, we demonstrate that the GC segregation from somatic cells is not a simple switch on/off event but rather a complicated process that involves a dynamic feedback circuit among local auxin biosynthesis, transcription of SPL/NZZ, and a progressive GC specification. This finding sheds light on the mystery of how zygote-derived somatic cells diverge into GCs in plants.
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31
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Li Z, Luo X, Ou Y, Jiao H, Peng L, Fu X, Macho AP, Liu R, He Y. JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN proteins engage Polycomb chromatin modifiers to modulate Jasmonate signaling in Arabidopsis. MOLECULAR PLANT 2021; 14:732-747. [PMID: 33676023 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 02/27/2021] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Jasmonate (JA) regulates various aspects of plant growth and development and stress responses, with prominent roles in male reproductive development and defenses against herbivores and necrotrophic pathogens. JASMONATE-ZIM DOMAIN (JAZ) proteins are key regulators in the JA signaling pathway and function to repress the expression of JA-responsive genes. Here, we show that JAZ proteins directly interact with several chromatin-associated Polycomb proteins to mediate repressive chromatin modifications at JA-responsive genes and, thus, their transcriptional repression in Arabidopsis. Genetic analyses revealed that the developmental defects, including anther and pollen abnormalities, resulting from loss or block of JA signaling were partially rescued by loss of Polycomb protein-mediated chromatin silencing (Polycomb repression). We further found that JAZ-mediated transcriptional repression during anther and pollen development requires Polycomb proteins at four key regulatory loci. Analysis of genome-wide occupancy of a Polycomb factor and transcriptome reprogramming in response to JA revealed that Polycomb repression is involved in the repression of various JA-responsive genes. Taken together, our study reveals an important chromatin-based mechanism for JAZ-mediated transcriptional repression and JA signaling in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicong Li
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore
| | - Xiao Luo
- Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China
| | - Yang Ou
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Huijun Jiao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Plant Development and Environmental Adaption Biology, School of Life Sciences, Shandong University, Qingdao 266237, China
| | - Li Peng
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Xing Fu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Alberto P Macho
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China
| | - Renyi Liu
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Center for Agroforestry Mega Data Sciences, Haixia Institute of Science and Technology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuehui He
- Shanghai Center for Plant Stress Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai 201602, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Peking University Institute of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, Weifang, Shandong 261000, China; State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research, Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, School of Advanced Agriculture Sciences, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.
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32
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Mendes MA, Petrella R, Cucinotta M, Vignati E, Gatti S, Pinto SC, Bird DC, Gregis V, Dickinson H, Tucker MR, Colombo L. The RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway is required to restrict SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE expression to specify a single female germ cell precursor in Arabidopsis. Development 2020; 147:dev194274. [PMID: 33158925 PMCID: PMC7758631 DOI: 10.1242/dev.194274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
In higher plants, the female germline is formed from the megaspore mother cell (MMC), a single cell in the premeiotic ovule. Previously, it was reported that mutants in the RNA-dependent DNA methylation (RdDM) pathway might be involved in restricting the female germline to a single nucellus cell. We show that the DRM methyltransferase double mutant drm1drm2 also presents ectopic enlarged cells, consistent with supernumerary MMC-like cells. In wild-type ovules, MMC differentiation requires SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ), as demonstrated by the spl/nzz mutant failing to develop an MMC. We address the poorly understood upstream regulation of SPL/NZZ in ovules, showing that the RdDM pathway is important to restrict SPL/NZZ expression. In ago9, rdr6 and drm1drm2 mutants, SPL/NZZ is expressed ectopically, suggesting that the multiple MMC-like cells observed might be attributable to the ectopic expression of SPL/NZZ. We show that the ovule identity gene, SEEDSTICK, directly regulates AGO9 and RDR6 expression in the ovule and therefore indirectly regulates SPL/NZZ expression. A model is presented describing the network required to restrict SPL/NZZ expression to specify a single MMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta A Mendes
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Rosanna Petrella
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Mara Cucinotta
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Edoardo Vignati
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Stefano Gatti
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Sara C Pinto
- LAQV REQUIMTE, Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade do Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Dayton C Bird
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Veronica Gregis
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Hugh Dickinson
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RB, UK
| | - Matthew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food, and Wine, The University of Adelaide, Waite Campus, Urrbrae, SA 5064, Australia
| | - Lucia Colombo
- Dipartimento di Bioscienze, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
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33
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Takebe N, Nakamura A, Watanabe T, Miyashita A, Satoh S, Iwai H. Cell wall Glycine-rich Protein2 is involved in tapetal differentiation and pollen maturation. JOURNAL OF PLANT RESEARCH 2020; 133:883-895. [PMID: 32929552 DOI: 10.1007/s10265-020-01223-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The tapetum plays important roles in anther development by providing materials for pollen-wall formation and nutrients for pollen development. Here, we report the characterization of a male-sterile mutant of glycine-rich protein 2 (OsGRP2), which exhibits irregular cell division and dysfunction of the tapetum. GRP is a cellwall structural protein present in the cell walls of diverse plant species, but its function is unclear in pollen development. We found that few GRP genes are expressed in rice and thus focused on one highly expressed gene, OsGRP2. The tapetal cell walls of an OsGRP2 mutant did not thicken at the pollen mothercell stage, as a result, pollen maturation and fertility rate decreased. High OsGRP2 expression was detected in male-floral organs, and OsGRP2 was distributed in the tapetum. OsGRP2 participated in establishment of the cellwall network during early tapetum development. In conclusion, our results indicate that OsGRP2 plays important roles in the differentiation and function of the tapetum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naomi Takebe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Atsuko Nakamura
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Tomomi Watanabe
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Aya Miyashita
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Shinobu Satoh
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Iwai
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Tsukuba, 305-8572, Japan.
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34
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Wang Z, Gou X. Receptor-Like Protein Kinases Function Upstream of MAPKs in Regulating Plant Development. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21207638. [PMID: 33076465 PMCID: PMC7590044 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPKs) are a group of protein kinase broadly involved in various signal pathways in eukaryotes. In plants, MAPK cascades regulate growth, development, stress responses and immunity by perceiving signals from the upstream regulators and transmitting the phosphorylation signals to the downstream signaling components. To reveal the interactions between MAPK cascades and their upstream regulators is important for understanding the functional mechanisms of MAPKs in the life span of higher plants. Typical receptor-like protein kinases (RLKs) are plasma membrane-located to perceive endogenous or exogenous signal molecules in regulating plant growth, development and immunity. MAPK cascades bridge the extracellular signals and intracellular transcription factors in many RLK-mediated signaling pathways. This review focuses on the current findings that RLKs regulate plant development through MAPK cascades and discusses questions that are worth investigating in the near future.
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35
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Su Z, Wang N, Hou Z, Li B, Li D, Liu Y, Cai H, Qin Y, Chen X. Regulation of Female Germline Specification via Small RNA Mobility in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2020; 32:2842-2854. [PMID: 32703817 PMCID: PMC7474286 DOI: 10.1105/tpc.20.00126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2020] [Revised: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
In the ovules of most sexually reproducing plants, one hypodermal cell differentiates into a megaspore mother cell (MMC), which gives rise to the female germline. Trans-acting small interfering RNAs known as tasiR-ARFs have been suggested to act non-cell-autonomously to prevent the formation of multiple MMCs by repressing AUXIN RESPONSE FACTOR3 (ARF3) expression in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), but the underlying mechanisms are unknown. Here, we examined tasiR-ARF-related intercellular regulatory mechanisms. Expression analysis revealed that components of the tasiR-ARF biogenesis pathway are restricted to distinct ovule cell types, thus limiting tasiR-ARF production to the nucellar epidermis. We also provide data suggesting tasiR-ARF movement along the mediolateral axis into the hypodermal cells and basipetally into the chalaza. Furthermore, we used cell type-specific promoters to express ARF3m, which is resistant to tasiR-ARF regulation, in different ovule cell layers. ARF3m expression in hypodermal cells surrounding the MMC, but not in epidermal cells, led to a multiple-MMC phenotype, suggesting that tasiR-ARFs repress ARF3 in these hypodermal cells to suppress ectopic MMC fate. RNA sequencing analyses in plants with hypodermally expressed ARF3m showed that ARF3 potentially regulates MMC specification through phytohormone pathways. Our findings uncover intricate spatial restriction of tasiR-ARF biogenesis, which together with tasiR-ARF mobility enables cell-cell communication in MMC differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxia Su
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory for Plant Epigenetics, Longhua Institute of Innovative Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Oceanography, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Nannan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zhimin Hou
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Baiyang Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Dingning Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Hanyang Cai
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding, and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Xuemei Chen
- Department of Botany and Plant Sciences, Institute of Integrative Genome Biology, University of California, Riverside, California 92521
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36
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Lu J, Fu Y, Li M, Wang S, Wang J, Yang Q, Ye J, Zhang X, Ma H, Chang F. Global Quantitative Proteomics Studies Revealed Tissue-Preferential Expression and Phosphorylation of Regulatory Proteins in Arabidopsis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176116. [PMID: 32854314 PMCID: PMC7503369 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 08/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Organogenesis in plants occurs across all stages of the life cycle. Although previous studies have identified many genes as important for either vegetative or reproductive development at the RNA level, global information on translational and post-translational levels remains limited. In this study, six Arabidopsis stages/organs were analyzed using quantitative proteomics and phosphoproteomics, identifying 2187 non-redundant proteins and evidence for 1194 phosphoproteins. Compared to the expression observed in cauline leaves, the expression of 1445, 1644, and 1377 proteins showed greater than 1.5-fold alterations in stage 1–9 flowers, stage 10–12 flowers, and open flowers, respectively. Among these, 294 phosphoproteins with 472 phosphorylation sites were newly uncovered, including 275 phosphoproteins showing differential expression patterns, providing molecular markers and possible candidates for functional studies. Proteins encoded by genes preferentially expressed in anther (15), meiocyte (4), or pollen (15) were enriched in reproductive organs, and mutants of two anther-preferentially expressed proteins, acos5 and mee48, showed obviously reduced male fertility with abnormally organized pollen exine. In addition, more phosphorylated proteins were identified in reproductive stages (1149) than in the vegetative organs (995). The floral organ-preferential phosphorylation of GRP17, CDC2/CDKA.1, and ATSK11 was confirmed with western blot analysis. Moreover, phosphorylation levels of CDPK6 and MAPK6 and their interacting proteins were elevated in reproductive tissues. Overall, our study yielded extensive data on protein expression and phosphorylation at six stages/organs and provides an important resource for future studies investigating the regulatory mechanisms governing plant development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianan Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Ying Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Mengyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Shuangshuang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Jingya Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Qi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Juanying Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Xumin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
| | - Hong Ma
- Department of Biology, the Huck Institutes of the Life Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-021-51630534 (H.M.); +1-814-865-5343 (F.C.)
| | - Fang Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Collaborative Innovation Center for Genetics and Development, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Sciences and Ecological Engineering and Institute of Biodiversity Sciences, Institute of Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200438, China; (J.L.); (Y.F.); (M.L.); (S.W.); (J.W.); (Q.Y.); (J.Y.); (X.Z.)
- Correspondence: (H.M.); (F.C.); Tel.: +86-021-51630534 (H.M.); +1-814-865-5343 (F.C.)
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Barcaccia G, Palumbo F, Sgorbati S, Albertini E, Pupilli F. A Reappraisal of the Evolutionary and Developmental Pathway of Apomixis and Its Genetic Control in Angiosperms. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:E859. [PMID: 32731368 PMCID: PMC7466056 DOI: 10.3390/genes11080859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Apomixis sensu stricto (agamospermy) is asexual reproduction by seed. In angiosperms it represents an easy byway of life cycle renewal through gamete-like cells that give rise to maternal embryos without ploidy reduction (meiosis) and ploidy restitution (syngamy). The origin of apomixis still represents an unsolved problem, as it may be either evolved from sex or the other way around. This review deals with a reappraisal of the origin of apomixis in order to deepen knowledge on such asexual mode of reproduction which seems mainly lacking in the most basal angiosperm orders (i.e., Amborellales, Nymphaeales and Austrobaileyales, also known as ANA-grade), while it clearly occurs in different forms and variants in many unrelated families of monocots and eudicots. Overall findings strengthen the hypothesis that apomixis as a whole may have evolved multiple times in angiosperm evolution following different developmental pathways deviating to different extents from sexuality. Recent developments on the genetic control of apomixis in model species are also presented and adequately discussed in order to shed additional light on the antagonist theories of gain- and loss-of-function over sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gianni Barcaccia
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Fabio Palumbo
- Department of Agronomy Food Natural Resources Animals Environment, University of Padova, Campus of Agripolis, Viale dell’Università 16, Legnaro, 35020 Padova, Italy;
| | - Sergio Sgorbati
- Department of Environmental and Territory Sciences, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza della Scienza 1, 20126 Milano, Italy;
| | - Emidio Albertini
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences, University of Perugia, 06121 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Fulvio Pupilli
- Research Division of Perugia, Institute of Biosciences and Bioresources, National Research Council (CNR), Via Madonna Alta 130, 06128 Perugia, Italy;
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Liu Z, Liu Y, Sun Y, Yang A, Li F. Comparative Transcriptome Analysis Reveals the Potential Mechanism of Abortion in Tobacco sua-Cytoplasmic Male Sterility. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2445. [PMID: 32244798 PMCID: PMC7178165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
sua-CMS (cytoplasmic male sterility) is the only male sterile system in tobacco breeding, but the mechanism of abortion is unclear. Cytological characteristics show that abortion in the sua-CMS line msZY occurs before the differentiation of sporogenous cells. In this study, a comparative transcriptomic analysis was conducted on flower buds at the abortion stage of msZY and its male fertile control ZY. A total of 462 differentially expressed genes were identified in msZY and ZY, which were enriched via protein processing in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), oxidative phosphorylation, photosynthesis, and circadian rhythm-plant by Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analyses. Most genes were downregulated in the ER stress pathway, heat-shock protein family, F1F0-ATPase encoding by the mitochondrial genome, and differentiation of stamens. Genes in the programmed cell death (PCD) pathway were upregulated in msZY. The transcriptome results were consistent with those of qRT-PCR. Ultrastructural and physiological analyses indicted active vacuole PCD and low ATP content in msZY young flower buds. We speculated that PCD and a deficiency in ATP synthesis are essential for the abortion of sua-CMS. This study reveals the potential mechanism of abortion of tobacco sua-CMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiwen Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yanfang Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science, Beijing 100081, China
| | - Yuhe Sun
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Department of Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Aiguo Yang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Department of Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China
| | - Fengxia Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China
- Department of Key Laboratory for Tobacco Gene Resources, State Tobacco Monopoly Administration, Qingdao 266101, China
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Zhao H, Guo M, Yan M, Cheng H, Liu Y, She Z, Lai L, Shi C, Zhang M, Li Y, Lin D, Qin Y. Comparative Expression Profiling Reveals Genes Involved in Megasporogenesis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 182:2006-2024. [PMID: 32054780 PMCID: PMC7140934 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.01254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 02/02/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Megasporogenesis is a key step during ovule development in angiosperms, but the small number and inaccessibility of these cells have hampered molecular and genome-wide studies. Thus, many questions remain regarding the molecular basis of cell specification, differentiation, and development in the female gametophyte. Here, taking advantage of the correlation between spikelet length and ovule development in rice (Oryza sativa), we studied the transcriptome dynamics of young ovules at three stages, the archesporial cell, the megaspore mother cell before meiosis, and the functional megaspore after meiosis, using expression profiling based on RNA sequencing. Our analysis showed that 5,274 genes were preferentially expressed in ovules during megasporogenesis as compared to ovules at the mature female gametophyte stage. Out of these, 958 (18.16%) genes were archesporial cell- and/or megaspore mother cell-preferential genes, and represent a significant enrichment of genes involved in hormone signal transduction and plant pathogen interaction pathways, as well as genes encoding transcription factors. The expression patterns of nine genes that were preferentially expressed in ovules of different developmental stages, including the OsERECTA2 (OsER2) receptor-like kinase gene, were confirmed by in situ hybridization. We further characterized the OsER2 loss-of-function mutant, which had an excessive number of female germline cells and an abnormal female gametophyte, suggesting that OsER2 regulates germline cell specification during megasporogenesis in rice. These results expand our understanding of the molecular control of megasporogenesis in rice and contribute to the functional studies of genes involved in megasporogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heming Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Mingliang Guo
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Maokai Yan
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Han Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Zeyuan She
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
| | - Linyi Lai
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Chao Shi
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Minqian Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yi Li
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Deshu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuan Qin
- Key Laboratory of Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops, Ministry of Education; Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Haixia Applied Plant Systems Biology, State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops, College of Plant Protection, College of Agriculture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-Bioresources, Guangxi Key Lab of Sugarcane Biology, College of Agriculture, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, Guangxi, China
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Saxena S, Sahu S, Kaila T, Nigam D, Chaduvla PK, Rao AR, Sanand S, Singh NK, Gaikwad K. Transcriptome profiling of differentially expressed genes in cytoplasmic male-sterile line and its fertility restorer line in pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.). BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 20:74. [PMID: 32054447 PMCID: PMC7020380 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-020-2284-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pigeon pea (Cajanus cajan L.) is the sixth major legume crop widely cultivated in the Indian sub-continent, Africa, and South-east Asia. Cytoplasmic male-sterility (CMS) is the incompetence of flowering plants to produce viable pollens during anther development. CMS has been extensively utilized for commercial hybrid seeds production in pigeon pea. However, the molecular basis governing CMS in pigeon pea remains unclear and undetermined. In this study transcriptome analysis for exploring differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between cytoplasmic male-sterile line (AKCMS11) and its fertility restorer line (AKPR303) was performed using Illumina paired-end sequencing. RESULTS A total of 3167 DEGs were identified, of which 1432 were up-regulated and 1390 were down-regulated in AKCMS11 in comparison to AKPR303. By querying, all the 3167 DEGs against TAIR database, 34 pigeon pea homologous genes were identified, few involved in pollen development (EMS1, MS1, ARF17) and encoding MYB and bHLH transcription factors with lower expression in the sterile buds, implying their possible role in pollen sterility. Many of these DEGs implicated in carbon metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA), oxidative phosphorylation and elimination of reactive oxygen species (ROS) showed reduced expression in the AKCMS11 (sterile) buds. CONCLUSION The comparative transcriptome findings suggest the potential role of these DEGs in pollen development or abortion, pointing towards their involvement in cytoplasmic male-sterility in pigeon pea. The candidate DEGs identified in this investigation will be highly significant for further research, as they could lend a comprehensive basis in unravelling the molecular mechanism governing CMS in pigeon pea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Swati Saxena
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sarika Sahu
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Tanvi Kaila
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Deepti Nigam
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Pavan K. Chaduvla
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - A. R. Rao
- ICAR-Indian Agricultural Statistics Research Institute, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Sandhya Sanand
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - N. K. Singh
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 India
| | - Kishor Gaikwad
- ICAR-National Institute for Plant Biotechnology, New Delhi, 110012 India
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Roles of Brassinosteroids in Plant Reproduction. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21030872. [PMID: 32013254 PMCID: PMC7037687 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21030872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2019] [Revised: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Brassinosteroids (BRs) are a group of steroid hormones, essentially important for plant development and growth. BR signaling functions to promote cell expansion and cell division, and plays a role in etiolation and reproduction. As the phytohormone originally identified in the pollen grains of Brassica napus, BR promotes the elongation of stigma. Recent studies have revealed that BR is also critical for floral transition, inflorescence stem architecture formation and other aspects of plant reproductive processes. In this review, we focus on the current understanding of BRs in plant reproduction, the spatial and temporal control of BR signaling, and the downstream molecular mechanisms in both the model plant Arabidopsis and crops. The crosstalk of BR with environmental factors and other hormones in reproduction will also be discussed.
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Zerpa-Catanho D, Wai J, Wang ML, Yu L, Nguyen J, Ming R. Differential gene expression among three sex types reveals a MALE STERILITY 1 (CpMS1) for sex differentiation in papaya. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 19:545. [PMID: 31818257 PMCID: PMC6902354 DOI: 10.1186/s12870-019-2169-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Carica papaya is a trioecious plant species with a genetic sex-determination system defined by sex chromosomes. Under unfavorable environmental conditions male and hermaphrodite exhibit sex-reversal. Previous genomic research revealed few candidate genes for sex differentiation in this species. Nevertheless, more analysis is still needed to identify the mechanism responsible for sex flower organ development in papaya. RESULTS The aim of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes among male, female and hermaphrodite flowers in papaya during early (pre-meiosis) and later (post-meiosis) stages of flower development. RNA-seq was used to evaluate the expression of differentially expressed genes and RT-qPCR was used to verify the results. Putative functions of these genes were analyzed based on their homology with orthologs in other plant species and their expression patterns. We identified a Male Sterility 1 gene (CpMS1) highly up-regulated in male and hermaphrodite flower buds compared to female flower buds, which expresses in small male flower buds (3-8 mm), and that might be playing an important role in male flower organ development due to its homology to MS1 genes previously identified in other plants. This is the first study in which the sex-biased expression of genes related to tapetum development in the anther developmental pathway is being reported in papaya. Besides important transcription factors related to flower organ development and flowering time regulation, we identified differential expression of genes that are known to participate in ABA, ROS and auxin signaling pathways (ABA-8-hydroxylases, AIL5, UPBEAT 1, VAN3-binding protein). CONCLUSIONS CpMS1 was expressed in papaya male and hermaphrodite flowers at early stages, suggesting that this gene might participate in male flower organ development processes, nevertheless, this gene cannot be considered a sex-determination gene. Due to its homology with other plant MS1 proteins and its expression pattern, we hypothesize that this gene participates in anther development processes, like tapetum and pollen development, downstream gender specification. Further gene functional characterization studies in papaya are required to confirm this hypothesis. The role of ABA and ROS signaling pathways in papaya flower development needs to be further explored as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dessireé Zerpa-Catanho
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Jennifer Wai
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ming Li Wang
- Hawaii Agriculture Research Center, Kunia, HI 96759 USA
| | - Li’ang Yu
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Julie Nguyen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
| | - Ray Ming
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801 USA
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Comparative transcript profiling and cytological observation of the newly bred recessive genic male sterility non-heading Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. chinensis) line WS24-3A. Genes Genomics 2019; 41:1475-1492. [PMID: 31576519 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-019-00867-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/30/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WS24-3A is a newly bred non-heading Chinese cabbage genic male-sterile line, in which sterility is controlled by a recessive gene, designated as Bra2ms. WS24-3A has been used for hybrid breeding. OBJECTIVE To reveal the underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for the sterility of WS24-3A. METHODS Cytological observation of the process of sterile/fertile anther development was performed to determine the tissue and stage in which sterility occurs. Phenotyping and transcriptomic analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between sterile and fertile flower buds at different stages. RESULTS Cytological analysis revealed no tetrads at stage 7 or at later stages of anther development, and the degradation of callose was delayed. Abnormal meiocytes were surrounded by sustaining callose that degenerated gradually in WS24-3A. Comparative transcript profiling identified 3282 DEGs during three anther developmental stages, namely, pre-meiotic anther, meiotic anther, and anthers with single-celled pollen stage. The difference in DEG percentage between up-regulated and down-regulated at meiotic anther stage was obviously larger than at the other two stages; further, most DEGs are important for male meiosis, callose synthesis and dissolution, and tapetum development. Ten DEGs were found to be involved in anther and pollen development, which were analyzed by quantitative PCR. CONCLUSION Bra2ms affected gene expression in meiocytes and associated with callose synthesis, degradation and tapetum development. Our results provide clues to elucidate the molecular mechanism of genic male sterility in non-heading Chinese cabbage.
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Cammarata J, Roeder AH, Scanlon MJ. Cytokinin and CLE signaling are highly intertwined developmental regulators across tissues and species. CURRENT OPINION IN PLANT BIOLOGY 2019; 51:96-104. [PMID: 31280129 DOI: 10.1016/j.pbi.2019.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2019] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
The control of cell identity and differentiation is critical for proper development. In plants, cell identity is largely determined by a cell's spatial context, which is communicated in the form of varying abundances of hormones. Two classes of hormones, the classical phytohormone cytokinin and the small CLE peptide hormones, are potent regulators of cell division and cell differentiation. While a relationship between these two classes of hormones is well-established at developing shoot tips, recent evidence suggests that CLE and cytokinin signaling converge on the same developmental processes across many different contexts and in widely divergent species. Here, we review evidence predominately from Arabidopsis thaliana and the moss Physcomitrella patens that supports a general model where CLE and cytokinin signaling are highly intertwined developmental regulators with antagonistic functions in shoots and synergistic functions in roots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Cammarata
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, United States; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, United States
| | - Adrienne Hk Roeder
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, United States; Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, United States
| | - Michael J Scanlon
- School of Integrative Plant Science, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, United States
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BES1 is activated by EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2-mediated signaling to control tapetum development in Arabidopsis thaliana. Nat Commun 2019; 10:4164. [PMID: 31519953 PMCID: PMC6744560 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-12118-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 08/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BES1 and BZR1 were originally identified as two key transcription factors specifically regulating brassinosteroid (BR)-mediated gene expression. They belong to a family consisting of six members, BES1, BZR1, BEH1, BEH2, BEH3, and BEH4. bes1 and bzr1 single mutants do not exhibit any characteristic BR phenotypes, suggesting functional redundancy of these proteins. Here, by generating higher order mutants, we show that a quintuple mutant is male sterile due to defects in tapetum and microsporocyte development in anthers. Our genetic and biochemical analyses demonstrate that BES1 family members also act as downstream transcription factors in the EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2 pathway. Ectopic expression of both TPD1 and EMS1 in bri1-116, a BR receptor null mutant, leads to the accumulation of non-phosphorylated, active BES1, similar to activation of BES1 by BRI1-BR-BAK1 signaling. These data suggest that two distinctive receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathways share BES1 family members as downstream transcription factors to regulate different aspects of plant development. BES1 and BZR1 transcription factors are activated by the BRI1-BAK1 receptor complex during brassinosteroid signaling. Here the authors show that BES1-family members also act in anthers, downstream of another receptor-like kinase-mediated signaling pathway, EMS1-TPD1-SERK1/2, to promote tapetum development.
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Li X, Lian H, Zhao Q, He Y. MicroRNA166 Monitors SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE for Building of the Anther Internal Boundary. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2019; 181:208-220. [PMID: 31248965 PMCID: PMC6716238 DOI: 10.1104/pp.19.00336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/13/2019] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The internal boundary between inner and outer microsporangia within anthers is essential for male fertility of vascular plants. Dehiscence zones embedded in the boundary release pollen for fertilization. However, the molecular mechanism underlying boundary formation in anthers remains poorly understood. Here, we report that microRNA166 (miR166) and its target PHABULOSA (PHB) regulate SPOROCYTELESS/NOZZLE (SPL/NZZ), which controls microsporogenesis. In developing anthers of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the expression domains of miR165/6 and SPL/NZZ are overlapped and rearranged synchronously. Dominant mutation of PHB suppresses SPL/NZZ expression on the adaxial sides of stamens, resulting in a thickened boundary, whereas activation of MIR166g up-regulates SPL/NZZ expression, leading to ectopic microsporogenesis in the boundary. PHB limits the expression domains of SPL/NZZ to facilitate construction of the boundary, while miR166 preserves the expression domains of SPL/NZZ by inhibiting PHB to allow the inner microsporangia to take shape. Subsequently, PHB activates the key stem cell maintainer WUSCHEL in anthers to restrict the stomium cells to the boundary so that dehiscence zones develop and release pollen properly. These findings link adaxial/abaxial polarity to microsporogenesis in building of the internal boundary of anthers and thus advance the concepts underlying the establishment of the internal structure of male organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaorong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Heng Lian
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Qiuxia Zhao
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yuke He
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200032, China
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Dai D, Xiong A, Yuan L, Sheng Y, Ji P, Jin Y, Li D, Wang Y, Luan F. Transcriptome analysis of differentially expressed genes during anther development stages on male sterility and fertility in Cucumis melo L. line. Gene 2019; 707:65-77. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
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48
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Roque E, Gómez-Mena C, Hamza R, Beltrán JP, Cañas LA. Engineered Male Sterility by Early Anther Ablation Using the Pea Anther-Specific Promoter PsEND1. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:819. [PMID: 31293612 PMCID: PMC6603094 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Genetic engineered male sterility has different applications, ranging from hybrid seed production to bioconfinement of transgenes in genetic modified crops. The impact of this technology is currently patent in a wide range of crops, including legumes, which has helped to deal with the challenges of global food security. Production of engineered male sterile plants by expression of a ribonuclease gene under the control of an anther- or pollen-specific promoter has proven to be an efficient way to generate pollen-free elite cultivars. In the last years, we have been studying the genetic control of flower development in legumes and several genes that are specifically expressed in a determinate floral organ were identified. Pisum sativum ENDOTHECIUM 1 (PsEND1) is a pea anther-specific gene displaying very early expression in the anther primordium cells. This expression pattern has been assessed in both model plants and crops (tomato, tobacco, oilseed rape, rice, wheat) using genetic constructs carrying the PsEND1 promoter fused to the uidA reporter gene. This promoter fused to the barnase gene produces full anther ablation at early developmental stages, preventing the production of mature pollen grains in all plant species tested. Additional effects produced by the early anther ablation in the PsEND1::barnase-barstar plants, with interesting biotechnological applications, have also been described, such as redirection of resources to increase vegetative growth, reduction of the need for deadheading to extend the flowering period, or elimination of pollen allergens in ornamental plants (Kalanchoe, Pelargonium). Moreover, early anther ablation in transgenic PsEND1::barnase-barstar tomato plants promotes the developing of the ovaries into parthenocarpic fruits due to the absence of signals generated during the fertilization process and can be considered an efficient tool to promote fruit set and to produce seedless fruits. In legumes, the production of new hybrid cultivars will contribute to enhance yield and productivity by exploiting the hybrid vigor generated. The PsEND1::barnase-barstar construct could be also useful to generate parental lines in hybrid breeding approaches to produce new cultivars in different legume species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Pío Beltrán
- Department of Plant Development and Hormone Action, Biology and Biotechnology of Reproductive Development, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
| | - Luis A. Cañas
- Department of Plant Development and Hormone Action, Biology and Biotechnology of Reproductive Development, Instituto de Biología Molecular y Celular de Plantas, CSIC-UPV, Valencia, Spain
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Lora J, Yang X, Tucker MR. Establishing a framework for female germline initiation in the plant ovule. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:2937-2949. [PMID: 31063548 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erz212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Female gametogenesis in flowering plants initiates in the ovule, where a single germline progenitor differentiates from a pool of somatic cells. Germline initiation is a fundamental prerequisite for seed development but is poorly understood at the molecular level due to the location of the cells deep within the flower. Studies in Arabidopsis have shown that regulators of germline development include transcription factors such as NOZZLE/SPOROCYTELESS and WUSCHEL, components of the RNA-dependent DNA methylation pathway such as ARGONAUTE9 and RNA-DEPENDENT RNA POLYMERASE 6, and phytohormones such as auxin and cytokinin. These factors accumulate in a range of cell types from where they establish an environment to support germline differentiation. Recent studies provide fresh insight into the transition from somatic to germline identity, linking chromatin regulators, cell cycle genes, and novel mobile signals, capitalizing on cell type-specific methodologies in both dicot and monocot models. These findings are providing unique molecular and compositional insight into the mechanistic basis and evolutionary conservation of female germline development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Lora
- Department of Subtropical Fruits, Instituto de Hortofruticultura Subtropical y Mediterránea 'La Mayora' (IHSM-UMA-CSIC), Algarrobo-Costa, Málaga, Spain
| | - Xiujuan Yang
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
| | - Mathew R Tucker
- School of Agriculture, Food and Wine, Waite Research Institute, The University of Adelaide, Glen Osmond, SA, Australia
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Ning L, Wang H, Li D, Lin Z, Li Y, Zhao W, Chao H, Miao L, Li M. Transcriptomic and Proteomic Analysis of Shaan2A Cytoplasmic Male Sterility and Its Maintainer Line in Brassica napus. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:252. [PMID: 30886625 PMCID: PMC6409359 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) lines are widely used for hybrid production in Brassica napus. The Shaan2A CMS system is one of the most important in China and has been used for decades; however, the male sterility mechanism underlying Shaan2A CMS remains unknown. Here, we performed transcriptomic and proteomic analysis, combined with additional morphological observation, in the Shaan2A CMS. Sporogenous cells, endothecium, middle layer, and tapetum could not be clearly distinguished in Shaan2A anthers. Furthermore, Shaan2A anther chloroplasts contained fewer starch grains than those in Shaan2B (a near-isogenic line of Shaan2A), and the lamella structure of chloroplasts in Shaan2A anther wall cells was obviously aberrant. Transcriptomic analysis revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) mainly related to carbon metabolism, lipid and flavonoid metabolism, and the mitochondrial electron transport/ATP synthesis pathway. Proteomic results showed that differentially expressed proteins were mainly associated with carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism, and genetic information processing pathways. Importantly, nine gene ontology categories associated with anther and pollen development were enriched among down-regulated DEGs at the young bud (YB) stage, including microsporogenesis, sporopollenin biosynthetic process, and tapetal layer development. Additionally, 464 down-regulated transcription factor (TF) genes were identified at the YB stage, including some related to early anther differentiation such as SPOROCYTELESS (SPL, also named NOZZLE, NZZ), DYSFUNCTIONAL TAPETUM 1 (DYT1), MYB80 (formerly named MYB103), and ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS). These results suggested that the sterility gene in the Shaan2A mitochondrion might suppress expression of these TF genes in the nucleus, affecting early anther development. Finally, we constructed an interaction network of candidate proteins based on integrative analysis. The present study provides new insights into the molecular mechanism of Shaan2A CMS in B. napus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luyun Ning
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Dianrong Li
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Zhiwei Lin
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yonghong Li
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Weiguo Zhao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hybrid Rape Research Center of Shaanxi Province, Shaanxi Rapeseed Branch of National Centre for Oil Crops Genetic Improvement, Yangling, China
| | - Hongbo Chao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Liyun Miao
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Maoteng Li
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for the Characteristic Resources Exploitation of Dabie Mountains, Huanggang Normal University, Huanggang, China
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