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Jing J, Wang J, Xiang X, Yin S, Tang J, Wang L, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Kang B, Che L, Zhao H. Selenomethionine alleviates chronic heat stress-induced breast muscle injury and poor meat quality in broilers via relieving mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. ANIMAL NUTRITION (ZHONGGUO XU MU SHOU YI XUE HUI) 2024; 16:363-375. [PMID: 38362514 PMCID: PMC10867585 DOI: 10.1016/j.aninu.2023.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
In the present study, the chronic heat stress (CHS) broiler model was developed to investigate the potential protection mechanism of organic selenium (selenomethionine, SeMet) on CHS-induced skeletal muscle growth retardation and poor meat quality. Four hundred Arbor Acres male broilers (680 ± 70 g, 21 d old) were grouped into 5 treatments with 8 replicates of 10 broilers per replicate. Broilers in the control group were raised in a thermoneutral environment (22 ± 2 °C) and fed with a basal diet. The other four treatments were exposed to hyperthermic conditions (33 ± 2 °C, 24 h in each day) and fed on the basal diet supplied with SeMet at 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, and 0.6 mg Se/kg, respectively, for 21 d. Results showed that CHS reduced (P < 0.05) the growth performance, decreased (P < 0.05) the breast muscle weight and impaired the meat quality of breast muscle in broilers. CHS induced protein metabolic disorder in breast muscle, which increased (P < 0.05) the expression of caspase 3, caspase 8, caspase 9 and ubiquitin proteasome system related genes, while decreased the protein expression of P-4EBP1. CHS also decreased the antioxidant capacity and induced mitochondrial stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress in breast muscle, which increased (P < 0.05) the ROS levels, decreased the concentration of ATP, increased the protein expression of HSP60 and CLPX, and increased (P < 0.05) the expression of ER stress biomarkers. Dietary SeMet supplementation linearly increased (P < 0.05) breast muscle Se concentration and exhibited protective effects via up-regulating the expression of the selenotranscriptome and several key selenoproteins, which increased (P < 0.05) body weight, improved meat quality, enhanced antioxidant capacity and mitigated mitochondrial stress and ER stress. What's more, SeMet suppressed protein degradation and improved protein biosynthesis though inhibiting the caspase and ubiquitin proteasome system and promoting the mTOR-4EBP1 pathway. In conclusion, dietary SeMet supplementation increases the expression of several key selenoproteins, alleviates mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, improves protein biosynthesis, suppresses protein degradation, thus increases the body weight and improves meat quality of broilers exposed to CHS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Jing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoyu Xiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Shenggang Yin
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, Sichuan, China
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He K, Zhou X, Du H, Zhao J, Deng R, Wang J. A review on the relationship between Arachidonic acid 15-Lipoxygenase (ALOX15) and diabetes mellitus. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16239. [PMID: 37849828 PMCID: PMC10578307 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15), as one of the lipoxygenase family, is mainly responsible for catalyzing the oxidation of various fatty acids to produce a variety of lipid components, contributing to the pathophysiological processes of various immune and inflammatory diseases. Studies have shown that ALOX15 and its related products are widely distributed in human tissues and related to multiple diseases such as liver, cardiovascular, cerebrovascular diseases, diabetes mellitus and other diseases. Diabetes mellitus (DM), the disease studied in this article, is a metabolic disease characterized by a chronic increase in blood glucose levels, which is significantly related to inflammation, oxidative stress, ferroptosis and other mechanisms, and it has a high incidence in the population, accompanied by a variety of complications. Figuring out how ALOX15 is involved in DM is critical to understanding its role in diseases. Therefore, ALOX15 inhibitors or combination therapy containing inhibitors may deliver a novel research direction for the treatment of DM and its complications. This article aims to review the biological effect and the possible function of ALOX15 in the pathogenesis of DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiying He
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Xiaochun Zhou
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Hongxuan Du
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Rongrong Deng
- Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, China
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
| | - Jianqin Wang
- Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou University, LanZhou, Gansu, China
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Xie Y, Kang R, Klionsky DJ, Tang D. GPX4 in cell death, autophagy, and disease. Autophagy 2023; 19:2621-2638. [PMID: 37272058 PMCID: PMC10472888 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2023.2218764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenoprotein GPX4 (glutathione peroxidase 4), originally known as PHGPX (phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase), is the main oxidoreductase in the use of glutathione as a reducing agent in scavenging lipid peroxidation products. There are three GPX4 isoforms: cytosolic (cGPX4), mitochondrial (mGPX4), and nuclear (nGPX4), with distinct spatiotemporal expression patterns during embryonic development and adult life. In addition to inducing the main phenotype of ferroptosis, the loss of GPX4 can in some cells trigger apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, or parthanatos, which mediates or accelerates developmental defects, tissue damage, and sterile inflammation. The interaction of GPX4 with the autophagic degradation pathway further modulates cell fate in response to oxidative stress. Impaired GPX4 function is implicated in tumorigenesis, neurodegeneration, infertility, inflammation, immune disorders, and ischemia-reperfusion injury. Additionally, the R152H mutation in GPX4 can promote the development of Sedaghatian-type spinal metaphyseal dysplasia, a rare and fatal disease in newborns. Here, we discuss the roles of classical GPX4 functions as well as emerging GPX4-regulated processes in cell death, autophagy, and disease.Abbreviations: AA: arachidonic acid; cGPX4: cytosolic GPX4; CMA: chaperone-mediated autophagy; DAMPs: danger/damage-associated molecular patterns; mGPX4: mitochondrial GPX4; nGPX4: nuclear GPX4; GSDMD-N: N-terminal fragment of GSDMD; I/R: ischemia-reperfusion; PLOOH: phospholipid hydroperoxide; PUFAs: polyunsaturated fatty acids; RCD: regulated cell death; ROS: reactive oxygen species; Se: selenium; SSMD: Sedaghatian-type spondylometaphyseal dysplasia; UPS: ubiquitin-proteasome system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangchun Xie
- Department of Oncology, the Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Department of Surgery, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
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Jing J, He Y, Liu Y, Tang J, Wang L, Jia G, Liu G, Chen X, Tian G, Cai J, Che L, Kang B, Zhao H. Selenoproteins synergistically protect porcine skeletal muscle from oxidative damage via relieving mitochondrial dysfunction and endoplasmic reticulum stress. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2023; 14:79. [PMID: 37270539 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-023-00877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The skeletal muscle of pigs is vulnerable to oxidative damage, resulting in growth retardation. Selenoproteins are important components of antioxidant systems for animals, which are generally regulated by dietary selenium (Se) level. Here, we developed the dietary oxidative stress (DOS)-inducing pig model to investigate the protective effects of selenoproteins on DOS-induced skeletal muscle growth retardation. RESULTS Dietary oxidative stress caused porcine skeletal muscle oxidative damage and growth retardation, which is accompanied by mitochondrial dysfunction, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and protein and lipid metabolism disorders. Supplementation with Se (0.3, 0.6 or 0.9 mg Se/kg) in form of hydroxy selenomethionine (OH-SeMet) linearly increased muscular Se deposition and exhibited protective effects via regulating the expression of selenotranscriptome and key selenoproteins, which was mainly reflected in lower ROS levels and higher antioxidant capacity in skeletal muscle, and the mitigation of mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress. What's more, selenoproteins inhibited DOS induced protein and lipid degradation and improved protein and lipid biosynthesis via regulating AKT/mTOR/S6K1 and AMPK/SREBP-1 signalling pathways in skeletal muscle. However, several parameters such as the activity of GSH-Px and T-SOD, the protein abundance of JNK2, CLPP, SELENOS and SELENOF did not show dose-dependent changes. Notably, several key selenoproteins such as MSRB1, SELENOW, SELENOM, SELENON and SELENOS play the unique roles during this protection. CONCLUSIONS Increased expression of selenoproteins by dietary OH-SeMet could synergistically alleviate mitochondrial dysfunction and ER stress, recover protein and lipid biosynthesis, thus alleviate skeletal muscle growth retardation. Our study provides preventive measure for OS-dependent skeletal muscle retardation in livestock husbandry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinzhong Jing
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Ying He
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Yan Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jiayong Tang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Longqiong Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Guangmang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiaoling Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Gang Tian
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Jingyi Cai
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Lianqiang Che
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Bo Kang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China
| | - Hua Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Disease-Resistance Nutrition of Ministry of Education, of China Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, of Sichuan Province, Animal Nutrition Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, China.
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Liu Y, Wan Y, Yi J, Zhang L, Cheng W. GPX4: The hub of lipid oxidation, ferroptosis, disease and treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2023; 1878:188890. [PMID: 37001616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2023.188890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4) moonlights as structural protein and antioxidase that powerfully inhibits lipid oxidation. In the past years, it is considered as a key regulator of ferroptosis, which takes role in the lipid and amine acid metabolism and influences the cell aging, oncogenesis, and cell death. More and more evidences show that targeting GPX4-induced ferroptosis is a promising strategy for disease therapy, especially cancer treatment. In view of these, we generalize the function of GPX4 and regulatory mechanism between GPX4 and ferroptosis, discuss its roles in the disease pathology, and focus on the recent advances of disease therapeutic potential.
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Compartmentalized regulation of lipid signaling in oxidative stress and inflammation: Plasmalogens, oxidized lipids and ferroptosis as new paradigms of bioactive lipid research. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 89:101207. [PMID: 36464139 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 11/24/2022] [Accepted: 11/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Perturbations in lipid homeostasis combined with conditions favoring oxidative stress constitute a hallmark of the inflammatory response. In this review we focus on the most recent results concerning lipid signaling in various oxidative stress-mediated responses and inflammation. These include phagocytosis and ferroptosis. The best characterized event, common to these responses, is the synthesis of oxygenated metabolites of arachidonic acid and other polyunsaturated fatty acids. Major developments in this area have highlighted the importance of compartmentalization of the enzymes and lipid substrates in shaping the appropriate response. In parallel, other relevant lipid metabolic pathways are also activated and, until recently, there has been a general lack of knowledge on the enzyme regulation and molecular mechanisms operating in these pathways. Specifically, data accumulated in recent years on the regulation and biological significance of plasmalogens and oxidized phospholipids have expanded our knowledge on the involvement of lipid metabolism in the progression of disease and the return to homeostasis. These recent major developments have helped to establish the concept of membrane phospholipids as cellular repositories for the compartmentalized production of bioactive lipids involved in cellular regulation. Importantly, an enzyme classically described as being involved in regulating the homeostatic turnover of phospholipids, namely the group VIA Ca2+-independent phospholipase A2 (iPLA2β), has taken center stage in oxidative stress and inflammation research owing to its key involvement in regulating metabolic and ferroptotic signals arising from membrane phospholipids. Understanding the role of iPLA2β in ferroptosis and metabolism not only broadens our knowledge of disease but also opens possible new horizons for this enzyme as a target for therapeutic intervention.
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7
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Dumoulin B, Heydeck D, Jähn D, Lassé M, Sofi S, Ufer C, Kuhn H. Male guanine-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1 knockout mice (Grsf1 -/-) gain less body weight during adolescence and adulthood. Cell Biosci 2022; 12:199. [PMID: 36494688 PMCID: PMC9733283 DOI: 10.1186/s13578-022-00922-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The guanine-rich RNA sequence binding factor 1 (GRSF1) is an RNA-binding protein of the heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H/F (hnRNP H/F) family that binds to guanine-rich RNA sequences forming G-quadruplex structures. In mice and humans there are single copy GRSF1 genes, but multiple transcripts have been reported. GRSF1 has been implicated in a number of physiological processes (e.g. embryogenesis, erythropoiesis, redox homeostasis, RNA metabolism) but also in the pathogenesis of viral infections and hyperproliferative diseases. These postulated biological functions of GRSF1 originate from in vitro studies rather than complex in vivo systems. To assess the in vivo relevance of these findings, we created systemic Grsf1-/- knockout mice lacking exons 4 and 5 of the Grsf1 gene and compared the basic functional characteristics of these animals with those of wildtype controls. We found that Grsf1-deficient mice are viable, reproduce normally and have fully functional hematopoietic systems. Up to an age of 15 weeks they develop normally but when male individuals grow older, they gain significantly less body weight than wildtype controls in a gender-specific manner. Profiling Grsf1 mRNA expression in different mouse tissues we observed high concentrations in testis. Comparison of the testicular transcriptomes of Grsf1-/- mice and wildtype controls confirmed near complete knock-out of Grsf1 but otherwise subtle differences in transcript regulations. Comparative testicular proteome analyses suggested perturbed mitochondrial respiration in Grsf1-/- mice which may be related to compromised expression of complex I proteins. Here we present, for the first time, an in vivo complete Grsf1 knock-out mouse with comprehensive physiological, transcriptomic and proteomic characterization to improve our understanding of the GRSF1 beyond in vitro cell culture models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Dumoulin
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Present Address: Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Desiree Jähn
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Moritz Lassé
- grid.13648.380000 0001 2180 3484Present Address: Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sajad Sofi
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany ,grid.5685.e0000 0004 1936 9668Present Address: Department of Biology, University of York, York, YO10 5DD UK
| | - Christoph Ufer
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- grid.6363.00000 0001 2218 4662Department of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, 10117 Berlin, Germany
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8
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Burke ND, Nixon B, Roman SD, Schjenken JE, Walters JLH, Aitken RJ, Bromfield EG. Male infertility and somatic health - insights into lipid damage as a mechanistic link. Nat Rev Urol 2022; 19:727-750. [PMID: 36100661 DOI: 10.1038/s41585-022-00640-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Over the past decade, mounting evidence has shown an alarming association between male subfertility and poor somatic health, with substantial evidence supporting the increased incidence of oncological disease, cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders and autoimmune diseases in men who have previously received a subfertility diagnosis. This paradigm is concerning, but might also provide a novel window for a crucial health reform in which the infertile phenotype could serve as an indication of potential pathological conditions. One of the major limiting factors in this association is the poor understanding of the molecular features that link infertility with comorbidities across the life course. Enzymes involved in the lipid oxidation process might provide novel clues to reconcile the mechanistic basis of infertility with incident pathological conditions. Building research capacity in this area is essential to enhance the early detection of disease states and provide crucial information about the disease risk of offspring conceived through assisted reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathan D Burke
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Brett Nixon
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Shaun D Roman
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
- Priority Research Centre for Drug Development, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
| | - John E Schjenken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Jessica L H Walters
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - R John Aitken
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Elizabeth G Bromfield
- Priority Research Centre for Reproductive Science, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, Discipline of Biological Sciences, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, New South Wales, Australia.
- Hunter Medical Research Institute, Infertility and Reproduction Research Program, New Lambton Heights, New South Wales, Australia.
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands.
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9
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Soria-Tiedemann M, Michel G, Urban I, Aldrovandi M, O’Donnell VB, Stehling S, Kuhn H, Borchert A. Unbalanced Expression of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 and Arachidonate 15-Lipoxygenase Affects Acrosome Reaction and In Vitro Fertilization. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23179907. [PMID: 36077303 PMCID: PMC9456195 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23179907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (Gpx4) and arachidonic acid 15 lipoxygenase (Alox15) are counterplayers in oxidative lipid metabolism and both enzymes have been implicated in spermatogenesis. However, the roles of the two proteins in acrosomal exocytosis have not been explored in detail. Here we characterized Gpx4 distribution in mouse sperm and detected the enzyme not only in the midpiece of the resting sperm but also at the anterior region of the head, where the acrosome is localized. During sperm capacitation, Gpx4 translocated to the post-acrosomal compartment. Sperm from Gpx4+/Sec46Ala mice heterozygously expressing a catalytically silent enzyme displayed an increased expression of phosphotyrosyl proteins, impaired acrosomal exocytosis after in vitro capacitation and were not suitable for in vitro fertilization. Alox15-deficient sperm showed normal acrosome reactions but when crossed into a Gpx4-deficient background spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis was observed during capacitation and these cells were even less suitable for in vitro fertilization. Taken together, our data indicate that heterozygous expression of a catalytically silent Gpx4 variant impairs acrosomal exocytosis and in vitro fertilization. Alox15 deficiency hardly impacted the acrosome reaction but when crossed into the Gpx4-deficient background spontaneous acrosomal exocytosis was induced. The detailed molecular mechanisms for the observed effects may be related to the compromised redox homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana Soria-Tiedemann
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Geert Michel
- Department of Transgenic Technologies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Iris Urban
- Department of Transgenic Technologies, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Lindenberger Weg 80, D-13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
- Helmholtz Zentrum München, Institute of Metabolism and Cell Death, Ingolstädter Landstr. 1, D-85764 Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Valerie B. O’Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, School of Medicine, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Sabine Stehling
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Astrid Borchert
- Department of Biochemistry, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-30-450-528-034
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Ursini F, Bosello Travain V, Cozza G, Miotto G, Roveri A, Toppo S, Maiorino M. A white paper on Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx4) forty years later. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 188:117-133. [PMID: 35718302 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.06.227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The purification of a protein inhibiting lipid peroxidation led to the discovery of the selenoperoxidase GPx4 forty years ago. Thus, the evidence of the enzymatic activity was reached after identifying the biological effect and unambiguously defined the relationship between the biological function and the enzymatic activity. In the syllogism where GPx4 inhibits lipid peroxidation and its inhibition is lethal, cell death is operated by lipid peroxidation. Based on this rationale, this form of cell death emerged as regulated iron-enforced oxygen toxicity and was named ferroptosis in 2012. In the last decades, we learned that reduction of lipid hydroperoxides is indispensable and, in cooperation with prooxidant systems, controls the critical steady state of lipid peroxidation. This concept defined the GPx4 reaction as both the target for possible anti-cancer therapy and if insufficient, as cause of degenerative diseases. We know the reaction mechanism, but the details of the interaction at the membrane cytosol interface are still poorly defined. We know the gene structure, but the knowledge about expression control is still limited. The same holds true for post-transcriptional modifications. Reverse genetics indicate that GPx4 has a role in inflammation, immunity, and differentiation, but the observations emerging from these studies need a more specifically addressed biochemical evidence. Finally, the role of GPx4 in spermatogenesis disclosed an area unconnected to lipid peroxidation. In its mitochondrial and nuclear form, the peroxidase catalyzes the oxidation of protein thiols in two specific aspects of sperm maturation: stabilization of the mid-piece and chromatin compaction. Thus, although available evidence converges to the notion that GPx4 activity is vital due to the inhibition of lipid peroxidation, it is reasonable to foresee other unknown aspects of the GPx4 reaction to be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Giorgio Cozza
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanni Miotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Viale G. Colombo, 3, University of Padova, 35121, Padova, Italy.
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11
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Flohé L, Toppo S, Orian L. The glutathione peroxidase family: Discoveries and mechanism. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 187:113-122. [PMID: 35580774 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The discoveries leading to our present understanding of the glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) are recalled. The cytosolic GPx, now GPx1, was first described by Mills in 1957 and claimed to depend on selenium by Rotruck et al., in 1972. With the determination of a stoichiometry of one selenium per subunit, GPx1 was established as the first selenoenzyme of vertebrates. In the meantime, the GPxs have grown up to a huge family of enzymes that prevent free radical formation from hydroperoxides and, thus, are antioxidant enzymes, but they are also involved in regulatory processes or synthetic functions. The kinetic mechanism of the selenium-containing GPxs is unusual in neither showing a defined KM nor any substrate saturation. More recently, the reaction mechanism has been investigated by the density functional theory and nuclear magnetic resonance of model compounds mimicking the reaction cycle. The resulting concept sees a selenolate oxidized to a selenenic acid. This very fast reaction results from a concerted dual attack on the hydroperoxide bond, a nucleophilic one by the selenolate and an electrophilic one by a proton that is unstably bound in the reaction center. Postulated intermediates have been identified either in the native enzymes or in model compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Flohé
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy; Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Italy
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12
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Transcriptome analysis provides the first insight into the molecular basis of temperature plasticity in Banggai cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2021; 40:100909. [PMID: 34479169 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2021.100909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Revised: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/22/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Banggai cardinalfish, Pterapogon kauderni, is a tropical fish listed as an endangered species by IUCN. Its distribution and survival condition are extremely limited, and the changes of living environment caused by global warming may seriously threaten its geographical distribution. In order to understand the survival temperature range and the potential mechanism of temperature plasticity of P. kauderni, transcriptome analysis was performed under five temperature conditions (18 °C, 22 °C, 26 °C, 30 °C and 34 °C). A total of 432,444,497 clean reads were obtained from the mix tissues of whole head, viscera (except intestine), and muscle. All clean data were spliced into 194,832 unigenes. Compared with 26 °C, 57, 107, 187 and 174 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained at 18 °C, 22 °C, 30 °C and 34 °C, respectively. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis showed the most highly enriched in the DEGs were cellular processes, binding, metabolic processes and biological regulation. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis indicated circadian rhythm, protein processing in endoplasmic reticulum, influenza A and prion disease were significantly enriched. 47 genes that may be related to temperature stress were identified, such as Per1, MLP, IGFBP1, HSP70, HSP90α, HSPA4, DNAJB1, CALR. This is the first RNA-Seq study of P. kauderni. This information should be valuable for further targeted studies on temperature tolerance, thereby assisting the protection and development of P. kauderni.
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Emerging role of ferroptosis in breast cancer: New dawn for overcoming tumor progression. Pharmacol Ther 2021; 232:107992. [PMID: 34606782 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharmthera.2021.107992] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer has become a serious threat to women's health. Cancer progression is mainly derived from resistance to apoptosis induced by procedures or therapies. Therefore, new drugs or models that can overcome apoptosis resistance should be identified. Ferroptosis is a recently identified mode of cell death characterized by excess reactive oxygen species-induced lipid peroxidation. Since ferroptosis is distinct from apoptosis, necrosis and autophagy, its induction successfully eliminates cancer cells that are resistant to other modes of cell death. Therefore, ferroptosis may become a new direction around which to design breast cancer treatment. Unfortunately, the complete appearance of ferroptosis in breast cancer has not yet been fully elucidated. Furthermore, whether ferroptosis inducers can be used in combination with traditional anti- breast cancer drugs is still unknown. Moreover, a summary of ferroptosis in breast cancer progression and therapy is currently not available. In this review, we discuss the roles of ferroptosis-associated modulators glutathione, glutathione peroxidase 4, iron, nuclear factor erythroid-2 related factor-2, superoxide dismutases, lipoxygenase and coenzyme Q in breast cancer. Furthermore, we provide evidence that traditional drugs against breast cancer induce ferroptosis, and that ferroptosis inducers eliminate breast cancer cells. Finally, we put forward prospect of using ferroptosis inducers in breast cancer therapy, and predict possible obstacles and corresponding solutions. This review will deepen our understanding of the relationship between ferroptosis and breast cancer, and provide new insights into breast cancer-related therapeutic strategies.
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Li JY, Yao YM, Tian YP. Ferroptosis: A Trigger of Proinflammatory State Progression to Immunogenicity in Necroinflammatory Disease. Front Immunol 2021; 12:701163. [PMID: 34489948 PMCID: PMC8418153 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.701163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Until recently, necrosis is generally regarded as traumatic cell death due to mechanical shear stress or other physicochemical factors, while apoptosis is commonly thought to be programmed cell death, which is silent to immunological response. Actually, multiple modalities of cell death are programmed to maintain systematic immunity. Programmed necrosis, such as necrosis, pyroptosis, and ferroptosis, are inherently more immunogenic than apoptosis. Programmed necrosis leads to the release of inflammatory cytokines, defined as danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), resulting in a necroinflammatory response, which can drive the proinflammatory state under certain biological circumstances. Ferroptosis as a newly discovered non-apoptotic form of cell death, is characterized by excessive lipid peroxidation and overload iron, which occurs in cancer, neurodegeneration, immune and inflammatory diseases, as well as ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. It is triggered by a surplus of reactive oxygen species (ROS) induced in an imbalanced redox reaction due to the decrease in glutathione synthesis and inaction of enzyme glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4). Ferroptosis is considered as a potential therapeutic and molecular target for the treatment of necroinflammatory disease, and further investigation into the underlying pathophysiological characteristics and molecular mechanisms implicated may lay the foundations for an interventional therapeutic strategy. This review aims to demonstrate the key roles of ferroptosis in the development of necroinflammatory diseases, the major regulatory mechanisms involved, and its potential as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-yan Li
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yong-ming Yao
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Translational Medicine Research Center, Medical Innovation Research Division and Fourth Medical Center of the Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Ying-ping Tian
- Department of Emergency, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
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Ren JX, Li C, Yan XL, Qu Y, Yang Y, Guo ZN. Crosstalk between Oxidative Stress and Ferroptosis/Oxytosis in Ischemic Stroke: Possible Targets and Molecular Mechanisms. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6643382. [PMID: 34055196 PMCID: PMC8133868 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6643382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Oxidative stress is a key cause of ischemic stroke and an initiator of neuronal dysfunction and death, mainly through the overproduction of peroxides and the depletion of antioxidants. Ferroptosis/oxytosis is a unique, oxidative stress-induced cell death pathway characterized by lipid peroxidation and glutathione depletion. Both oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis have common molecular pathways. This review summarizes the possible targets and the mechanisms underlying the crosstalk between oxidative stress and ferroptosis/oxytosis in ischemic stroke. This knowledge might help to further understand the pathophysiology of ischemic stroke and open new perspectives for the treatment of ischemic stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia-Xin Ren
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Chao Li
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Xiu-Li Yan
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yang Qu
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
| | - Zhen-Ni Guo
- Stroke Center & Clinical Trial and Research Center for Stroke, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- China National Comprehensive Stroke Center, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Cerebrovascular Disease, No. 1 Xinmin Street, Changchun 130021, China
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16
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Dumoulin B, Ufer C, Kuhn H, Sofi S. Expression Regulation, Protein Chemistry and Functional Biology of the Guanine-Rich Sequence Binding Factor 1 (GRSF1). J Mol Biol 2021; 433:166922. [PMID: 33713675 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2021.166922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/01/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In eukaryotic cells RNA-binding proteins have been implicated in virtually all post-transcriptional mechanisms of gene expression regulation. Based on the structural features of their RNA binding domains these proteins have been divided into several subfamilies. The presence of at least two RNA recognition motifs defines the group of heterogenous nuclear ribonucleoproteins H/F and one of its members is the guanine-rich sequence binding factor 1 (GRSF1). GRSF1 was first described 25 years ago and is widely distributed in eukaryotic cells. It is present in the nucleus, the cytoplasm and in mitochondria and has been implicated in a variety of physiological processes (embryogenesis, erythropoiesis, redox homeostasis, RNA metabolism) but also in the pathogenesis of various diseases. This review summarizes our current understanding on GRSF1 biology, critically discusses the literature reports and gives an outlook of future developments in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Dumoulin
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany; III. Department of Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Christoph Ufer
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Corporate Member of Free University Berlin, Humboldt University Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Charitéplatz 1, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Sajad Sofi
- University of York, Department of Biology, York YO10 5DD, United Kingdom
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17
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Flohé L. Looking Back at the Early Stages of Redox Biology. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:E1254. [PMID: 33317108 PMCID: PMC7763103 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The beginnings of redox biology are recalled with special emphasis on formation, metabolism and function of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in mammalian systems. The review covers the early history of heme peroxidases and the metabolism of hydrogen peroxide, the discovery of selenium as integral part of glutathione peroxidases, which expanded the scope of the field to other hydroperoxides including lipid hydroperoxides, the discovery of superoxide dismutases and superoxide radicals in biological systems and their role in host defense, tissue damage, metabolic regulation and signaling, the identification of the endothelial-derived relaxing factor as the nitrogen monoxide radical (more commonly named nitric oxide) and its physiological and pathological implications. The article highlights the perception of hydrogen peroxide and other hydroperoxides as signaling molecules, which marks the beginning of the flourishing fields of redox regulation and redox signaling. Final comments describe the development of the redox language. In the 18th and 19th century, it was highly individualized and hard to translate into modern terminology. In the 20th century, the redox language co-developed with the chemical terminology and became clearer. More recently, the introduction and inflationary use of poorly defined terms has unfortunately impaired the understanding of redox events in biological systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leopold Flohé
- Dipartimento di Medicina Molecolare, Università degli Studi di Padova, v.le G. Colombo 3, 35121 Padova, Italy;
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, Avda. General Flores 2125, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay
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18
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Abstract
Significance: The selenium-containing Glutathione peroxidases (GPxs)1-4 protect against oxidative challenge, inhibit inflammation and oxidant-induced regulated cell death. Recent Advances: GPx1 and GPx4 dampen phosphorylation cascades predominantly via prevention of inactivation of phosphatases by H2O2 or lipid hydroperoxides. GPx2 regulates the balance between regeneration and apoptotic cell shedding in the intestine. It inhibits inflammation-induced carcinogenesis in the gut but promotes growth of established cancers. GPx3 deficiency facilitates platelet aggregation likely via disinhibition of thromboxane biosynthesis. It is also considered a tumor suppressor. GPx4 is expressed in three different forms. The cytosolic form proved to inhibit interleukin-1-driven nuclear factor κB activation and leukotriene biosynthesis. Moreover, it is a key regulator of ferroptosis, because it reduces hydroperoxy groups of complex lipids and silences lipoxygenases. By alternate substrate use, the nuclear form contributes to chromatin compaction. Mitochondrial GPx4 forms the mitochondrial sheath of spermatozoa and, thus, guarantees male fertility. Out of the less characterized GPxs, the cysteine-containing GPx7 and GPx8 are unique in contributing to oxidative protein folding in the endoplasmic reticulum by reacting with protein isomerase as an alternate substrate. A yeast 2-Cysteine glutathione peroxidase equipped with CP and CR was reported to sense H2O2 for inducing an adaptive response. Critical Issues: Most of the findings compiled are derived from tissue culture and/or animal studies only. Their impact on human physiology is sometimes questionable. Future Directions: The expression of individual GPxs and GPx-dependent regulatory phenomena are to be further investigated, in particular in respect to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Brigelius-Flohé
- Department of Biochemistry of Micronutrients, German Institute of Human Nutrition-Potsdam-Rehbrücke (DIfE), Nuthetal, Germany
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Depatamento de Biochímica, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.,Dipartimento di Medicina Moleculare, Università degli Studi di Padova, Padova, Italy
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Chen
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; the Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Jingbo Li
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Rui Kang
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
| | - Daniel J. Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Daolin Tang
- Guangzhou Municipal and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Protein Modification and Degradation; the Third Affiliated Hospital; School of Basic Medical Sciences; Affiliated Cancer Hospital & Institute of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, UT Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, Texas, USA
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20
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Ursini F, Maiorino M. Lipid peroxidation and ferroptosis: The role of GSH and GPx4. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 152:175-185. [PMID: 32165281 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.02.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 675] [Impact Index Per Article: 168.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Ferroptosis (FPT) is a form of cell death due to missed control of membrane lipid peroxidation (LPO). According to the axiomatic definition of non-accidental cell death, LPO takes place in a scenario of altered homeostasis. FPT, differently from apoptosis, occurs in the absence of any known specific genetically encoded death pathway or specific agonist, and thus must be rated as a regulated, although not "programmed", death pathway. It follows that LPO is under a homeostatic metabolic control and is only permitted when indispensable constraints are satisfied and the antiperoxidant machinery collapses. The activity of the selenoperoxidase Glutathione Peroxidase 4 (GPx4) is the cornerstone of the antiperoxidant defence. Converging evidence on both mechanism of LPO and GPx4 enzymology indicates that LPO is initiated by alkoxyl radicals produced by ferrous iron from the hydroperoxide derivatives of lipids (LOOH), traces of which are the unavoidable drawback of aerobic metabolism. FPT takes place when a threshold has been exceeded. This occurs when the major conditions are satisfied: i) oxygen metabolism leading to the continuous formation of traces of LOOH from phospholipid-containing polyunsaturated fatty acids; ii) missed enzymatic reduction of LOOH; iii) availability of ferrous iron from the labile iron pool. Although the effectors impacting on homeostasis and leading to FPT in physiological conditions are not known, from the available knowledge on LPO and GPx4 enzymology we propose that it is aerobic life itself that, while supporting bioenergetics, is also a critical requisite of FPT. Yet, when the homeostatic control of the steady state between LOOH formation and reduction is lost, LPO is activated and FPT is executed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo, 3, I-35131, Padova, Italy.
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21
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Alhasan R, Kharma A, Leroy P, Jacob C, Gaucher C. Selenium Donors at the Junction of Inflammatory Diseases. Curr Pharm Des 2020; 25:1707-1716. [PMID: 31267853 DOI: 10.2174/1381612825666190701153903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is an essential non-metal trace element, and the imbalance in the bioavailability of selenium is associated with many diseases ranking from acute respiratory distress syndrome, myocardial infarction and renal failure (Se overloading) to diseases associated with chronic inflammation like inflammatory bowel diseases, rheumatoid arthritis, and atherosclerosis (Se unload). The only source of selenium is the diet (animal and cereal sources) and its intestinal absorption is limiting for selenocysteine and selenomethionine synthesis and incorporation in selenoproteins. In this review, after establishing the link between selenium and inflammatory diseases, we envisaged the potential of selenium nanoparticles and organic selenocompounds to compensate the deficit of selenium intake from the diet. With high selenium loading, nanoparticles offer a low dosage to restore selenium bioavailability whereas organic selenocompounds can play a role in the modulation of their antioxidant or antiinflammatory activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Alhasan
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Ammar Kharma
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Pierre Leroy
- Universite de Lorraine, CITHEFOR, F-54000 Nancy, France
| | - Claus Jacob
- Division of Bioorganic Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, Saarland University, D-66123 Saarbrucken, Germany
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22
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Miotto G, Rossetto M, Di Paolo ML, Orian L, Venerando R, Roveri A, Vučković AM, Bosello Travain V, Zaccarin M, Zennaro L, Maiorino M, Toppo S, Ursini F, Cozza G. Insight into the mechanism of ferroptosis inhibition by ferrostatin-1. Redox Biol 2020; 28:101328. [PMID: 31574461 PMCID: PMC6812032 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2019.101328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 344] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of cell death primed by iron and lipid hydroperoxides and prevented by GPx4. Ferrostatin-1 (fer-1) inhibits ferroptosis much more efficiently than phenolic antioxidants. Previous studies on the antioxidant efficiency of fer-1 adopted kinetic tests where a diazo compound generates the hydroperoxyl radical scavenged by the antioxidant. However, this reaction, accounting for a chain breaking effect, is only minimally useful for the description of the inhibition of ferrous iron and lipid hydroperoxide dependent peroxidation. Scavenging lipid hydroperoxyl radicals, indeed, generates lipid hydroperoxides from which ferrous iron initiates a new peroxidative chain reaction. We show that when fer-1 inhibits peroxidation, initiated by iron and traces of lipid hydroperoxides in liposomes, the pattern of oxidized species produced from traces of pre-existing hydroperoxides is practically identical to that observed following exhaustive peroxidation in the absence of the antioxidant. This supported the notion that the anti-ferroptotic activity of fer-1 is actually due to the scavenging of initiating alkoxyl radicals produced, together with other rearrangement products, by ferrous iron from lipid hydroperoxides. Notably, fer-1 is not consumed while inhibiting iron dependent lipid peroxidation. The emerging concept is that it is ferrous iron itself that reduces fer-1 radical. This was supported by electroanalytical evidence that fer-1 forms a complex with iron and further confirmed in cells by fluorescence of calcein, indicating a decrease of labile iron in the presence of fer-1. The notion of such as pseudo-catalytic cycle of the ferrostatin-iron complex was also investigated by means of quantum mechanics calculations, which confirmed the reduction of an alkoxyl radical model by fer-1 and the reduction of fer-1 radical by ferrous iron. In summary, GPx4 and fer-1 in the presence of ferrous iron, produces, by distinct mechanism, the most relevant anti-ferroptotic effect, i.e the disappearance of initiating lipid hydroperoxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giovanni Miotto
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Monica Rossetto
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Luisa Di Paolo
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Laura Orian
- Dept. of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, Via Marzolo, 1, I-35131, Padova, Italy
| | - Rina Venerando
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Antonella Roveri
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Ana-Marija Vučković
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Mattia Zaccarin
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Lucio Zennaro
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Toppo
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy; CRIBI Biotechnology Center, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy.
| | - Giorgio Cozza
- Dept. of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, V.le G. Colombo, 3, I-35121, Padova, Italy.
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23
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Qian F, Misra S, Prabhu KS. Selenium and selenoproteins in prostanoid metabolism and immunity. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2019; 54:484-516. [PMID: 31996052 PMCID: PMC7122104 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1717430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element that functions in the form of the 21st amino acid, selenocysteine (Sec) in a defined set of proteins. Se deficiency is associated with pathological conditions in humans and animals, where incorporation of Sec into selenoproteins is reduced along with their expression and catalytic activity. Supplementation of Se-deficient population with Se has shown health benefits suggesting the importance of Se in physiology. An interesting paradigm to explain, in part, the health benefits of Se stems from the observations that selenoprotein-dependent modulation of inflammation and efficient resolution of inflammation relies on mechanisms involving a group of bioactive lipid mediators, prostanoids, which orchestrate a concerted action toward maintenance and restoration of homeostatic immune responses. Such an effect involves the interaction of various immune cells with these lipid mediators where cellular redox gatekeeper functions of selenoproteins further aid in not only dampening inflammation, but also initiating an effective and active resolution process. Here we have summarized the current literature on the multifaceted roles of Se/selenoproteins in the regulation of these bioactive lipid mediators and their immunomodulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fenghua Qian
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - Sougat Misra
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
| | - K. Sandeep Prabhu
- Center for Molecular Immunology and Infectious Disease and Center for Molecular Toxicology and Carcinogenesis, Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences and The Penn State Cancer Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA. 16802, USA
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24
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Abstract
Ferroptosis is a form of iron-dependent, non-apoptotic regulated cell death, which is characterized by the accumulation of lipid hydroperoxides to lethal levels. Ferroptosis recently has been shown to have implications in diverse kidney diseases, such as acute kidney injury, polycystic kidney disease and renal cell carcinoma. This review summarizes current research on ferroptosis, its underlying mechanisms and its role in the progression of different kidney diseases to provide more information regarding treatment and prevention of these destructive diseases.
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25
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Altamura S, Vegi NM, Hoppe PS, Schroeder T, Aichler M, Walch A, Okreglicka K, Hültner L, Schneider M, Ladinig C, Kuklik-Roos C, Mysliwietz J, Janik D, Neff F, Rathkolb B, de Angelis MTH, Buske C, Silva ARD, Muedder K, Conrad M, Ganz T, Kopf M, Muckenthaler MU, Bornkamm GW. Glutathione peroxidase 4 and vitamin E control reticulocyte maturation, stress erythropoiesis and iron homeostasis. Haematologica 2019; 105:937-950. [PMID: 31248967 PMCID: PMC7109755 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2018.212977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2018] [Accepted: 06/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) is unique as it is the only enzyme that can prevent detrimental lipid peroxidation in vivo by reducing lipid peroxides to the respective alcohols thereby stabilizing oxidation products of unsaturated fatty acids. During reticulocyte maturation, lipid peroxidation mediated by 15-lipoxygenase in humans and rabbits and by 12/15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) in mice was considered the initiating event for the elimination of mitochondria but is now known to occur through mitophagy. Yet, genetic ablation of the Alox15 gene in mice failed to provide evidence for this hypothesis. We designed a different genetic approach to tackle this open conundrum. Since either other lipoxygenases or non-enzymatic autooxidative mechanisms may compensate for the loss of Alox15, we asked whether ablation of Gpx4 in the hematopoietic system would result in the perturbation of reticulocyte maturation. Quantitative assessment of erythropoiesis indices in the blood, bone marrow (BM) and spleen of chimeric mice with Gpx4 ablated in hematopoietic cells revealed anemia with an increase in the fraction of erythroid precursor cells and reticulocytes. Additional dietary vitamin E depletion strongly aggravated the anemic phenotype. Despite strong extramedullary erythropoiesis reticulocytes failed to mature and accumulated large autophagosomes with engulfed mitochondria. Gpx4-deficiency in hematopoietic cells led to systemic hepatic iron overload and simultaneous severe iron demand in the erythroid system. Despite extremely high erythropoietin and erythroferrone levels in the plasma, hepcidin expression remained unchanged. Conclusively, perturbed reticulocyte maturation in response to Gpx4 loss in hematopoietic cells thus causes ineffective erythropoiesis, a phenotype partially masked by dietary vitamin E supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandro Altamura
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Naidu M Vegi
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Philipp S Hoppe
- Department of Biosystems Bioscience and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Timm Schroeder
- Department of Biosystems Bioscience and Engineering, ETH Zürich, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michaela Aichler
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Axel Walch
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | | | - Lothar Hültner
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), München, Germany
| | - Manuela Schneider
- Institute for Stroke and Dementia Research (ISD), Klinikum der Universität München, München, Germany
| | - Camilla Ladinig
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), München, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kuklik-Roos
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), München, Germany
| | - Josef Mysliwietz
- Institute of Molecular Immunology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), München, Germany
| | - Dirk Janik
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Frauke Neff
- Research Unit Analytical Pathology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Birgit Rathkolb
- Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Genzentum, München, Germany.,Institute of Experimental Genetics, Geman Mouse Clinic (GMC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Mar Tin Hrabé de Angelis
- Institute of Experimental Genetics, Geman Mouse Clinic (GMC), Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany.,German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany.,Chair of Experimental Genetics, School of Life Science Weihenstephan, Technische Universität München, Freising, Germany
| | - Christian Buske
- Institute of Experimental Cancer Research, Universitätsklinikum Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Ana Rita da Silva
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Katja Muedder
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Marcus Conrad
- Institute of Developmental Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Tomas Ganz
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, David Geffen School of Medicine, UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Manfred Kopf
- Institute of Molecular Health Sciences, ETH Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Martina U Muckenthaler
- Department of Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Immunology - University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.,Molecular Medicine Partnership Unit, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Georg W Bornkamm
- Institute of Clinical Molecular Biology and Tumor Genetics, Helmholtz Zentrum München, Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Gesundheit und Umwelt (GmbH), München, Germany
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26
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Abstract
![]()
Various
mechanisms for regulated cell death include the formation of oxidative mediators
such as lipid peroxides and nitric oxide (NO). In this respect, 15-lipoxygenase-1
(15-LOX-1) is a key enzyme that catalyzes the formation of lipid peroxides.
The actions of these peroxides are interconnected with nuclear factor-κB
signaling and NO production. Inhibition of 15-LOX-1 holds promise
to interfere with regulated cell death in inflammatory conditions.
In this study, a novel potent 15-LOX-1 inhibitor, 9c (i472), was developed and structure–activity relationships
were explored. In vitro, this inhibitor protected cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced
cell death, inhibiting NO formation and lipid peroxidation. Thus,
we provide a novel 15-LOX-1 inhibitor that inhibits cellular NO production
and lipid peroxidation, which set the stage for further exploration
of these mechanisms.
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27
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O'Donnell VB, Aldrovandi M, Murphy RC, Krönke G. Enzymatically oxidized phospholipids assume center stage as essential regulators of innate immunity and cell death. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/574/eaau2293. [PMID: 30914483 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aau2293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Enzymatically oxidized phospholipids (eoxPLs) are formed through regulated processes by which eicosanoids or prostaglandins are attached to phospholipids (PLs) in immune cells. These eoxPLs comprise structurally diverse families of biomolecules with potent bioactivities, and they have important immunoregulatory roles in both health and disease. The formation of oxPLs through enzymatic pathways and their signaling capabilities are emerging concepts. This paradigm is changing our understanding of eicosanoid, prostaglandin, and PL biology in health and disease. eoxPLs have roles in cellular events such as ferroptosis, apoptosis, and blood clotting and diseases such as arthritis, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease. They are increasingly recognized as endogenous bioactive mediators and potential targets for drug development. This review will describe recent evidence that places eoxPLs and their biosynthetic pathways center stage in immunoregulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie B O'Donnell
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK.
| | - Maceler Aldrovandi
- Systems Immunity Research Institute, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF14 4XN, UK
| | - Robert C Murphy
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Colorado, 12801 East 17th Avenue, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Gerhard Krönke
- Department of Internal Medicine 3-Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Erlangen and Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU) 91054, Erlangen, Germany
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28
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Aleem AM, Tsai WC, Tena J, Alvarez G, Deschamps J, Kalyanaraman C, Jacobson MP, Holman T. Probing the Electrostatic and Steric Requirements for Substrate Binding in Human Platelet-Type 12-Lipoxygenase. Biochemistry 2019; 58:848-857. [PMID: 30565457 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.8b01167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Human platelet ALOX12 (hALOX12 or h12-LOX) has been implicated in a variety of human diseases. The present study investigates the active site of hALOX12 to more thoroughly understand how it positions the substrate and achieves nearly perfect regio- and stereospecificities (i.e., 100 ± 5% of the 12(S)-hydroperoxide product), utilizing site-directed mutagenesis. Specifically, we have determined that Arg402 is not as important in substrate binding as previously seen for hALOX15 but that His596 may play a role in anchoring the carboxy terminal of the arachidonic acid during catalysis. In addition, Phe414 creates a π-stacking interaction with a double bond of arachidonic acid (Δ11), and Ala417/Val418 define the bottom of the cavity. However, the influence of Ala417/Val418 on the profile is markedly less for hALOX12 than that seen in hALOX15. Mutating these two residues to larger amino acids (Ala417Ile/Val418Met) only increased the generation of 15-HpETE by 24 ± 2%, but conversely, smaller residues at these positions converted hALOX15 to almost 100% hALOX12 reactivity [Gan et al. (1996) J. Biol. Chem. 271, 25412-25418]. However, we were able to increase 15-HpETE to 46 ± 3% by restricting the width of the active site with the Ala417Ile/Val418Met/Ser594Thr mutation, indicating both depth and width of the active site are important. Finally, residue Leu407 is shown to play a critical role in positioning the substrate correctly, as seen by the increase of 15-HpETE to 21 ± 1% for the single Leu407Gly mutant. These results outline critical differences between the active site requirements of hALOX12 relative to hALOX15 and explain both their product specificity and inhibitory differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ansari Mukhtar Aleem
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Wan-Chen Tsai
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Jennyfer Tena
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | | | - Joshua Deschamps
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
| | - Chakrapani Kalyanaraman
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94143 , United States
| | - Matthew P Jacobson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, School of Pharmacy , University of California San Francisco , San Francisco , California 94143 , United States
| | - Theodore Holman
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of California Santa Cruz , Santa Cruz , California 95064 , United States
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29
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Li C, Deng X, Xie X, Liu Y, Friedmann Angeli JP, Lai L. Activation of Glutathione Peroxidase 4 as a Novel Anti-inflammatory Strategy. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:1120. [PMID: 30337875 PMCID: PMC6178849 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.01120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The anti-oxidative enzyme, glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4), helps to promote inflammation resolution by eliminating oxidative species produced by the arachidonic acid (AA) metabolic network. Up-regulating its activity has been proposed as a promising strategy for inflammation intervention. In the present study, we aimed to study the effect of GPX4 activator on the AA metabolic network and inflammation related pathways. Using combined computational and experimental screen, we identified a novel compound that can activate the enzyme activity of GPX4 by more than two folds. We further assessed its potential in a series of cellular assays where GPX4 was demonstrated to play a regulatory role. We are able to show that GPX4 activation suppressed inflammatory conditions such as oxidation of AA and NF-κB pathway activation. We further demonstrated that this GPX4 activator can decrease the intracellular ROS level and suppress ferroptosis. Our study suggests that GPX4 activators can be developed as anti-inflammatory or cyto-protective agent in lipid-peroxidation-mediated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaobing Deng
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaowen Xie
- Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Liu
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Luhua Lai
- BNLMS, State Key Laboratory for Structural Chemistry of Unstable and Stable Species, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China.,Center for Quantitative Biology, Peking University, Beijing, China
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30
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Maiorino M, Conrad M, Ursini F. GPx4, Lipid Peroxidation, and Cell Death: Discoveries, Rediscoveries, and Open Issues. Antioxid Redox Signal 2018; 29:61-74. [PMID: 28462584 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2017.7115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 342] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Iron-dependent lipid peroxidation is a complex oxidative process where phospholipid hydroperoxides (PLOOH) are produced in membranes and finally transformed into a series of decomposition products, some of which are endowed with biological activity. It is specifically prevented by glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPx4), the selenoenzyme that reduces PLOOH by glutathione (GSH). PLOOH is both a product and the major initiator of peroxidative chain reactions, as well as an activator of lipoxygenases. α-Tocopherol both specifically breaks peroxidative chain propagation and inhibits lipoxygenases. Thus, GPx4, GSH, and α-tocopherol are integrated in a concerted anti-peroxidant mechanism. Recent Advances: Ferroptosis has been recently identified as a cell death subroutine that is specifically activated by missing GPx4 activity and inhibited by iron chelation or α-tocopherol supplementation. Ferroptosis induction may underlie spontaneous human diseases, such as major neurodegeneration and neuroinflammation, causing an excessive cell death. The basic mechanism of ferroptosis, therefore, fits the features of activation of lipid peroxidation. CRITICAL ISSUES Still lacking are convincing proofs that lipoxygenases are involved in ferroptosis. Also, unknown are the molecules eventually killing cells and the mechanisms underlying the drop of the cellular anti-peroxidant capacity. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Molecular events and mechanisms of ferroptosis to be unraveled and validated on animal models are GPx4 inactivation, role of GSH concentration, increased iron availability, and membrane structure and composition. This is expected to drive drug discovery that is aimed at halting cell death in degenerative diseases or boosting it in cancer cells. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 29, 61-74.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Maiorino
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
| | - Marcus Conrad
- 2 Institute of Developmental Genetics , Helmholtz Zentrum München, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fulvio Ursini
- 1 Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova , Padova, Italy
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31
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Nichols CE, Shepherd DL, Hathaway QA, Durr AJ, Thapa D, Abukabda A, Yi J, Nurkiewicz TR, Hollander JM. Reactive oxygen species damage drives cardiac and mitochondrial dysfunction following acute nano-titanium dioxide inhalation exposure. Nanotoxicology 2017; 12:32-48. [PMID: 29243970 DOI: 10.1080/17435390.2017.1416202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Nanotechnology offers innovation in products from cosmetics to drug delivery, leading to increased engineered nanomaterial (ENM) exposure. Unfortunately, health impacts of ENM are not fully realized. Titanium dioxide (TiO2) is among the most widely produced ENM due to its use in numerous applications. Extrapulmonary effects following pulmonary exposure have been identified and may involve reactive oxygen species (ROS). The goal of this study was to determine the extent of ROS involvement on cardiac function and the mitochondrion following nano-TiO2 exposure. To address this question, we utilized a transgenic mouse model with overexpression of a novel mitochondrially-targeted antioxidant enzyme (phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase; mPHGPx) which provides protection against oxidative stress to lipid membranes. MPHGPx mice and littermate controls were exposed to nano-TiO2 aerosols (Evonik, P25) to provide a calculated pulmonary deposition of 11 µg/mouse. Twenty-four hours following exposure, we observed diastolic dysfunction as evidenced by E/A ratios greater than 2 and increased radial strain during diastole in wild-type mice (p < 0.05 for both), indicative of restrictive filling. Overexpression of mPHGPx mitigated the contractile deficits resulting from nano-TiO2 exposure. To investigate the cellular mechanisms associated with the observed cardiac dysfunction, we focused our attention on the mitochondrion. We observed a significant increase in ROS production (p < 0.05) and decreased mitochondrial respiratory function (p < 0.05) following nano-TiO2 exposure which were attenuated in mPHGPx transgenic mice. In summary, nano-TiO2 inhalation exposure is associated with cardiac diastolic dysfunction and mitochondrial functional alterations, which can be mitigated by the overexpression of mPHGPx, suggesting ROS contribution in the development of contractile and bioenergetic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cody E Nichols
- a Division of Exercise Physiology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA.,b Immunity, Inflammation, and Disease Laboratory , National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park , Durham , NC , USA
| | - Danielle L Shepherd
- a Division of Exercise Physiology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA.,c Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Quincy A Hathaway
- a Division of Exercise Physiology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA.,c Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Andrya J Durr
- a Division of Exercise Physiology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA.,c Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Dharendra Thapa
- a Division of Exercise Physiology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Alaeddin Abukabda
- d Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Jinghai Yi
- d Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - Timothy R Nurkiewicz
- c Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA.,d Department of Physiology and Pharmacology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
| | - John M Hollander
- a Division of Exercise Physiology , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA.,c Mitochondria, Metabolism and Bioenergetics Working Group , West Virginia University School of Medicine , Morgantown , WV , USA
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32
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Chai L, Chen A, Luo P, Zhao H, Wang H. Histopathological changes and lipid metabolism in the liver of Bufo gargarizans tadpoles exposed to Triclosan. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 182:255-266. [PMID: 28500970 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.05.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2017] [Revised: 04/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the current study, the adverse effects of TCS on liver health of B. gargarizans tadpoles were assessed. B. gargarizans larvae were exposed to TCS at 0, 10, 30, 60, and 150 μg L-1 from Gosner stage 3 until metamorphic climax. The hepatosomatic index (HSI), hepatic histological and ultrastructural features, and transcript levels of genes associated with detoxification and oxidative stress as well as lipid metabolism in the livers were determined. Exposure to 150 μg L-1 TCS resulted in increased HSI of tadpoles at metamorphic climax. Histological changes characterized by an increase in the number of melanomacrophage, nucleus pyknosis, and deposition of collagen fibers were observed in liver at 60 and 150 μg L-1 TCS. Moreover, marked ultrastructural alterations including high electron dense in mitochondrial matrix and lipid accumulation were also observed. In addition, abundances of transcripts of Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD), phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx), and heat shock protein 90 (HSP90) were decreased in larvae exposed to 60 and 150 μg L-1 TCS, while transcript level of HSP90 was increased at 30 μg L-1 TCS. Also, abundances of transcripts of acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 2 (CPT2), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARa), fatty acid elongase 1 (FAE), sterol carrier protein 2 (SCP) were significantly lesser in larvae exposed to 60 and 150 μg L-1 TCS. Overall, TCS at high levels induced histopathological changes in the liver of B. gargarizans tadpoles. This might have been due to the alteration of oxidative stress-related genes and lipid metabolism-related genes expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihong Chai
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China
| | - Aixia Chen
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China
| | - Pingping Luo
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China; Key Laboratory of Subsurface Hydrology and Ecological Effects in Arid Region of Ministry of Education, Chang'an University, Xi'an, 710064 China
| | - Hongfeng Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Hongyuan Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China.
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33
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Girotti AW, Korytowski W. Cholesterol Hydroperoxide Generation, Translocation, and Reductive Turnover in Biological Systems. Cell Biochem Biophys 2017; 75:413-419. [PMID: 28434137 DOI: 10.1007/s12013-017-0799-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cholesterol is like other unsaturated lipids in being susceptible to peroxidative degradation upon exposure to strong oxidants like hydroxyl radical or peroxynitrite generated under conditions of oxidative stress. In the eukaryotic cell plasma membrane, where most of the cellular cholesterol resides, peroxidation leads to membrane structural and functional damage from which pathological states may arise. In low density lipoprotein, cholesterol and phospholipid peroxidation have long been associated with atherogenesis. Among the many intermediates/products of cholesterol oxidation, hydroperoxide species (ChOOHs) have a number of different fates and deserve special attention. These fates include (a) damage-enhancement via iron-catalyzed one-electron reduction, (b) damage containment via two-electron reduction, and (c) inter-membrane, inter-lipoprotein, and membrane-lipoprotein translocation, which allows dissemination of one-electron damage or off-site suppression thereof depending on antioxidant location and capacity. In addition, ChOOHs can serve as reliable and conveniently detected mechanistic reporters of free radical-mediated reactions vs. non-radical (e.g., singlet oxygen)-mediated reactions. Iron-stimulated peroxidation of cholesterol and other lipids underlies a newly discovered form of regulated cell death called ferroptosis. These and other deleterious consequences of radical-mediated lipid peroxidation will be discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albert W Girotti
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.
| | - Witold Korytowski
- Department of Biochemistry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, 53226, USA.,Department of Biophysics, Jagiellonian University, Krakow, Poland
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Brütsch SH, Rademacher M, Roth SR, Müller K, Eder S, Viertel D, Franz C, Kuhn H, Borchert A. Male Subfertility Induced by Heterozygous Expression of Catalytically Inactive Glutathione Peroxidase 4 Is Rescued in Vivo by Systemic Inactivation of the Alox15 Gene. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:23578-23588. [PMID: 27634046 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.738930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) and arachidonic acid 15-lipoxygenase (ALOX15) are antagonizing enzymes in the metabolism of hydroperoxy lipids. In spermatoid cells and/or in the male reproductive system both enzymes are apparently expressed, and GPX4 serves as anti-oxidative enzyme but also as a structural protein. In this study we explored whether germ line inactivation of the Alox15 gene might rescue male subfertility induced by heterozygous expression of catalytically silent Gpx4. To address this question we employed Gpx4 knock-in mice expressing the Sec46Ala-Gpx4 mutant, in which the catalytic selenocysteine was replaced by a redox inactive alanine. Because homozygous Gpx4 knock-in mice (Sec46Ala-Gpx4+/+) are not viable we created heterozygous animals (Sec46Ala-Gpx4+/-) and crossed them with Alox15 knock-out mice (Alox15-/-). Male Sec46Ala-Gpx4+/- mice, but not their female littermates, were subfertile. Sperm extracted from the epididymal cauda showed strongly impaired motility characteristics and severe structural midpiece alterations (swollen mitochondria, intramitochondrial vacuoles, disordered mitochondrial capsule). Despite these structural alterations, they exhibited similar respiration characteristics than wild-type sperm. When Sec46Ala-Gpx4+/- mice were crossed with Alox15-deficient animals, the resulting males (Sec46Ala-Gpx4+/-+Alox15-/-) showed normalized fertility, and sperm motility was reimproved to wild-type levels. Taken together these data suggest that systemic inactivation of the Alox15 gene normalizes the reduced fertility of male Sec46Ala-Gpx4+/- mice by improving the motility of their sperm. If these data can be confirmed in humans, ALOX15 inhibitors might counteract male infertility related to GPX4 deficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hanna Brütsch
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany and
| | - Marlena Rademacher
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany and
| | - Sophia Regina Roth
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany and
| | - Karin Müller
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne Eder
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dagmar Viertel
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christiane Franz
- Leibniz Institute for Zoo and Wildlife Research, Alfred-Kowalke-Str. 17, D-10315 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany and
| | - Astrid Borchert
- From the Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany and
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Brigelius-Flohé R, Flohé L. Selenium and redox signaling. Arch Biochem Biophys 2016; 617:48-59. [PMID: 27495740 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2016.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Selenium compounds that contain selenol functions or can be metabolized to selenols are toxic via superoxide and H2O2 generation, when ingested at dosages beyond requirement. At supra-nutritional dosages various forms of programmed cell death are observed. At physiological intakes, selenium exerts its function as constituent of selenoproteins, which overwhelmingly are oxidoreductases. Out of those, the glutathione peroxidases counteract hydroperoxide-stimulated signaling cascades comprising inflammation triggered by cytokines or lipid mediators, insulin signaling and different forms of programmed cell death. Similar events are exerted by peroxiredoxins, which functionally depend on the selenoproteins of the thioredoxin reductase family. The thiol peroxidases of both families can, however, also act as sensors for hydroperoxides, thereby initiating signaling cascades. Although the interaction of selenoproteins with signaling events has been established by genetic techniques, the in vivo relevance of these findings is still hard to delineate for several reasons: The biosynthesis of individual selenoproteins responds differently to variations of selenium intakes; selenium is preferentially delivered to privileged tissues via inter-organ trafficking and receptor-mediated uptake, and only half of the selenoproteins known by sequence have been functionally characterized. The fragmentary insights do not allow any uncritical use of selenium for optimizing human health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leopold Flohé
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidad de la República, 11800 Montevideo, Uruguay; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, I-35121 Padova, Italy
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Ursini F, Maiorino M, Forman HJ. Redox homeostasis: The Golden Mean of healthy living. Redox Biol 2016; 8:205-15. [PMID: 26820564 PMCID: PMC4732014 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2016.01.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 250] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Revised: 01/15/2016] [Accepted: 01/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The notion that electrophiles serve as messengers in cell signaling is now widely accepted. Nonetheless, major issues restrain acceptance of redox homeostasis and redox signaling as components of maintenance of a normal physiological steady state. The first is that redox signaling requires sudden switching on of oxidant production and bypassing of antioxidant mechanisms rather than a continuous process that, like other signaling mechanisms, can be smoothly turned up or down. The second is the misperception that reactions in redox signaling involve “reactive oxygen species” rather than reaction of specific electrophiles with specific protein thiolates. The third is that hormesis provides protection against oxidants by increasing cellular defense or repair mechanisms rather than by specifically addressing the offset of redox homeostasis. Instead, we propose that both oxidant and antioxidant signaling are main features of redox homeostasis. As the redox shift is rapidly reversed by feedback reactions, homeostasis is maintained by continuous signaling for production and elimination of electrophiles and nucleophiles. Redox homeostasis, which is the maintenance of nucleophilic tone, accounts for a healthy physiological steady state. Electrophiles and nucleophiles are not intrinsically harmful or protective, and redox homeostasis is an essential feature of both the response to challenges and subsequent feedback. While the balance between oxidants and nucleophiles is preserved in redox homeostasis, oxidative stress provokes the establishment of a new radically altered redox steady state. The popular belief that scavenging free radicals by antioxidants has a beneficial effect is wishful thinking. We propose, instead, that continuous feedback preserves nucleophilic tone and that this is supported by redox active nutritional phytochemicals. These nonessential compounds, by activating Nrf2, mimic the effect of endogenously produced electrophiles (parahormesis). In summary, while hormesis, although globally protective, results in setting up of a new phenotype, parahormesis contributes to health by favoring maintenance of homeostasis. Redox homeostasis is the continuously challenged oxidative/nucleophilic balance. Rheostatic redox signaling enzymes maintain oxidative/nucleophilic homeostasis. Phytochemicals assist redox homeostasis through oxidative feedback (parahormesis). Adaptation and hormesis while protective establish a new phenotype and set point.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fulvio Ursini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Matilde Maiorino
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Viale G. Colombo 3, I-35121 Padova, Italy
| | - Henry Jay Forman
- Andrus Gerontology Center of the Davis School of Gerontology, University of Southern, California, 3715 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089-0191, USA
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Abstract
Lipoxygenases (LOX) form a family of lipid peroxidizing enzymes, which have been implicated in a number of physiological processes and in the pathogenesis of inflammatory, hyperproliferative and neurodegenerative diseases. They occur in two of the three domains of terrestrial life (bacteria, eucarya) and the human genome involves six functional LOX genes, which encode for six different LOX isoforms. One of these isoforms is ALOX15, which has first been described in rabbits in 1974 as enzyme capable of oxidizing membrane phospholipids during the maturational breakdown of mitochondria in immature red blood cells. During the following decades ALOX15 has extensively been characterized and its biological functions have been studied in a number of cellular in vitro systems as well as in various whole animal disease models. This review is aimed at summarizing the current knowledge on the protein-chemical, molecular biological and enzymatic properties of ALOX15 in various species (human, mouse, rabbit, rat) as well as its implication in cellular physiology and in the pathogenesis of various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Ivanov
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hartmut Kuhn
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Dagmar Heydeck
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - University Medicine Berlin, Charitéplatz 1, CCO-Building, Virchowweg 6, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Brütsch SH, Wang CC, Li L, Stender H, Neziroglu N, Richter C, Kuhn H, Borchert A. Expression of inactive glutathione peroxidase 4 leads to embryonic lethality, and inactivation of the Alox15 gene does not rescue such knock-in mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:281-93. [PMID: 25313597 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.5967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Glutathione peroxidases (Gpx) and lipoxygenases (Alox) are functional counterplayers in the metabolism of hydroperoxy lipids that regulate cellular redox homeostasis. Gpx4 is a moonlighting protein that has been implicated not only as an enzyme in anti-oxidative defense, gene expression regulation, and programmed cell death, but also as a structural protein in spermatogenesis. Homozygous Gpx4 knock-out mice are not viable, but molecular reasons for intrauterine lethality are not completely understood. This study was aimed at investigating whether the lack of catalytic activity or the impaired function as structural protein is the dominant reason for embryonic lethality. We further explored whether the pro-oxidative enzyme mouse 12/15 lipoxygenase (Alox15) plays a major role in embryonic lethality of Gpx4-deficient mice. RESULTS To achieve these goals, we first created knock-in mice, which express a catalytically inactive Gpx4 mutant (Sec46Ala). As homozygous Gpx4-knock-out mice Sec46Ala-Gpx4(+/+) knock-in animals are not viable but undergo intrauterine resorption between embryonic day 6 and 7 (E6-7). In contrast, heterozygous knock-in mice (Sec46Ala-Gpx4(-/+)) are viable, fertile and do not show major phenotypic alterations. Interestingly, homozygous Alox15 deficiency did not rescue the U46A-Gpx4(+/+) mice from embryonic lethality. In fact, when heterozygous U46A-Gpx4(-/+) mice were stepwise crossed into an Alox15-deficent background, no viable U46A-Gpx4(+/+)+Alox15(-/-) individuals were obtained. However, we were able to identify U46A-Gpx4(+/+)+Alox15(-/-) embryos in the state of resorption around E7. INNOVATION AND CONCLUSION These data suggest that the lack of catalytic activity is the major reason for the embryonic lethality of Gpx4(-/-) mice and that systemic inactivation of the Alox15 gene does not rescue homozygous knock-in mice expressing catalytically silent Gpx4.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simone Hanna Brütsch
- 1 Institute of Biochemistry, Charite-University Medicine Berlin , Berlin, Germany
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Labunskyy VM, Hatfield DL, Gladyshev VN. Selenoproteins: molecular pathways and physiological roles. Physiol Rev 2014; 94:739-77. [PMID: 24987004 DOI: 10.1152/physrev.00039.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 793] [Impact Index Per Article: 79.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Selenium is an essential micronutrient with important functions in human health and relevance to several pathophysiological conditions. The biological effects of selenium are largely mediated by selenium-containing proteins (selenoproteins) that are present in all three domains of life. Although selenoproteins represent diverse molecular pathways and biological functions, all these proteins contain at least one selenocysteine (Sec), a selenium-containing amino acid, and most serve oxidoreductase functions. Sec is cotranslationally inserted into nascent polypeptide chains in response to the UGA codon, whose normal function is to terminate translation. To decode UGA as Sec, organisms evolved the Sec insertion machinery that allows incorporation of this amino acid at specific UGA codons in a process requiring a cis-acting Sec insertion sequence (SECIS) element. Although the basic mechanisms of Sec synthesis and insertion into proteins in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have been studied in great detail, the identity and functions of many selenoproteins remain largely unknown. In the last decade, there has been significant progress in characterizing selenoproteins and selenoproteomes and understanding their physiological functions. We discuss current knowledge about how these unique proteins perform their functions at the molecular level and highlight new insights into the roles that selenoproteins play in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vyacheslav M Labunskyy
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Dolph L Hatfield
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Vadim N Gladyshev
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; and Molecular Biology of Selenium Section, Mouse Cancer Genetics Program, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland
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Rai G, Joshi N, Jung JE, Liu Y, Schultz L, Yasgar A, Perry S, Diaz G, Zhang Q, Kenyon V, Jadhav A, Simeonov A, Lo EH, van Leyen K, Maloney DJ, Holman TR. Potent and selective inhibitors of human reticulocyte 12/15-lipoxygenase as anti-stroke therapies. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4035-48. [PMID: 24684213 PMCID: PMC4033661 DOI: 10.1021/jm401915r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
![]()
A key challenge facing drug discovery
today is variability of the
drug target between species, such as with 12/15-lipoxygenase (12/15-LOX),
which contributes to ischemic brain injury, but its human and rodent
isozymes have different inhibitor specificities. In the current work,
we have utilized a quantitative high-throughput (qHTS) screen to identify
compound 1 (ML351), a novel chemotype for
12/15-LOX inhibition that has nanomolar potency (IC50 =
200 nM) against human 12/15-LOX and is protective against oxidative
glutamate toxicity in mouse neuronal HT22 cells. In addition, it exhibited
greater than 250-fold selectivity versus related LOX isozymes, was
a mixed inhibitor, and did not reduce the active-site ferric ion.
Lastly, 1 significantly reduced infarct size following
permanent focal ischemia in a mouse model of ischemic stroke. As such,
this represents the first report of a selective inhibitor of human
12/15-LOX with demonstrated in vivo activity in proof-of-concept mouse
models of stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganesha Rai
- Neuroprotection Research Laboratory, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Charlestown, Massachusetts 02129, United States
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Porro B, Songia P, Squellerio I, Tremoli E, Cavalca V. Analysis, physiological and clinical significance of 12-HETE: a neglected platelet-derived 12-lipoxygenase product. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2014; 964:26-40. [PMID: 24685839 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2014.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
While the importance of cyclooxygenase (COX) in platelet function has been amply elucidated, the identification of the role of 12-lipoxygenase (12-LOX) and of its stable metabolite, 12-hydroxyeicosatretraenoic acid (12-HETE), has not been clarified as yet. Many studies have analysed the implications of 12-LOX products in different pathological disorders but the information obtained from these works is controversial. Several analytical methods have been developed over the years to simultaneously detect eicosanoids, and specifically 12-HETE, in different biological matrices, essentially enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA), radioimmunoassays (RIA), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) and mass spectrometry coupled with both gas and liquid chromatography methods (GC- and LC-MS). This review is aimed at summarizing the up to now known physiological and clinical features of 12-HETE together with the analytical methods used for its determination, focusing on the critical issues regarding its measurement.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Elena Tremoli
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Università degli Studi di Milano, Dipartimento di Scienze Farmacologiche e Biomolecolari, Milan, Italy
| | - Viviana Cavalca
- Centro Cardiologico Monzino-IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Dipartimento di Scienze Cliniche e di Comunità, Milan, Italy.
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Integrated systems toxicology approaches identified the possible involvement of ABC transporters pathway in erythromycin estolate-induced liver injury in rat. Food Chem Toxicol 2014; 65:343-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2013.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2013] [Revised: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 12/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Parillo F, Sylla L, Palombi C, Monaci M, Stradaioli G. Immunocytochemical Localisation of Phospholipid Hydroperoxide Glutathione Peroxidase in Bull’s Spermatogenic Cells. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2014. [DOI: 10.4081/ijas.2014.3483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Mattmiller SA, Carlson BA, Sordillo LM. Regulation of inflammation by selenium and selenoproteins: impact on eicosanoid biosynthesis. J Nutr Sci 2013; 2:e28. [PMID: 25191577 PMCID: PMC4153324 DOI: 10.1017/jns.2013.17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2012] [Revised: 04/29/2013] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Uncontrolled inflammation is a contributing factor to many leading causes of human morbidity and mortality including atherosclerosis, cancer and diabetes. Se is an essential nutrient in the mammalian diet that has some anti-inflammatory properties and, at sufficient amounts in the diet, has been shown to be protective in various inflammatory-based disease models. More recently, Se has been shown to alter the expression of eicosanoids that orchestrate the initiation, magnitude and resolution of inflammation. Many of the health benefits of Se are thought to be due to antioxidant and redox-regulating properties of certain selenoproteins. The present review will discuss the existing evidence that supports the concept that optimal Se intake can mitigate dysfunctional inflammatory responses, in part, through the regulation of eicosanoid metabolism. The ability of selenoproteins to alter the biosynthesis of eicosanoids by reducing oxidative stress and/or by modifying redox-regulated signalling pathways also will be discussed. Based on the current literature, however, it is clear that more research is necessary to uncover the specific beneficial mechanisms behind the anti-inflammatory properties of selenoproteins and other Se metabolites, especially as related to eicosanoid biosynthesis. A better understanding of the mechanisms involved in Se-mediated regulation of host inflammatory responses may lead to the development of dietary intervention strategies that take optimal advantage of its biological potency.
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Key Words
- 15-HETE, 15(S)-hydroxy-(5Z,8Z,11Z,13E)-eicosatetraenoic acid
- 15-HPETE, 15-hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- 15d-PGJ2, 15-deoxy-Δ12,14PGJ2
- AA, arachidonic acid
- ASK-1, apoptosis signal-regulating kinase 1
- COX, cyclo-oxygenase
- Eicosanoid biosynthesis
- FAHP, fatty acid hydroperoxide
- GPx, glutathione peroxidase
- GPx4, glutathione peroxidase-4
- H-PGDS, haematopoietic PGD2 synthase
- HO-1, haeme oxygenase-1
- HPETE, hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acid
- HPODE, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoic acid
- Inflammation
- LA, linoleic acid
- LOX, lipoxygenase
- LPS, lipopolysaccharide
- LT, leukotriene
- LTA4H, leukotriene A4 hydrolase
- MAPK, itogen-activated protein kinase
- ROS, reactive oxygen species
- Selenium
- Selenoproteins
- Sepp1, selenoprotein P plasma 1
- TX, thromboxane
- TXB2, thromboxane B2
- Trx, thioredoxin
- TrxR, thioredoxin reductase
- ppm, parts per million
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Affiliation(s)
- S. A. Mattmiller
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI 48824,
USA
| | - Bradley A. Carlson
- Section on the Molecular Biology of Selenium,
Laboratory of Cancer Prevention, National Cancer Institute,
National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892,
USA
| | - L. M. Sordillo
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Michigan State
University, East Lansing, MI 48824,
USA
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Pacitti D, Wang T, Page MM, Martin SAM, Sweetman J, Feldmann J, Secombes CJ. Characterization of cytosolic glutathione peroxidase and phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and their modulation by in vitro selenium exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 130-131:97-111. [PMID: 23384997 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2012] [Revised: 12/19/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an oligonutrient with both essential biological functions and recognized harmful effects. As the selenocysteine (SeCys) amino acid, selenium is integrated in several Se-containing proteins (selenoproteins), many of which are fundamental for cell homeostasis. Nevertheless, selenium may exert toxic effects at levels marginally above those required, mainly through the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The selenium chemical speciation can strongly affect the bioavailability of this metal and its impact on metabolism, dictating the levels that can be beneficial or detrimental towards an organism. Glutathione peroxidase (GPxs) is the largest and the most studied selenoprotein family. Cytosolic glutathione peroxidase (cGPx, GPx1) and phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx, GPx4) are widely distributed throughout tissues, and play a pivotal role in regulating the oxidative status in the cell. In this study we have cloned GPx1 and GPx4 genes in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). The constitutive mRNA expression of these GPx genes was examined in 18 trout tissues and their responsiveness to Se availability was analysed using a rainbow trout liver cell line (RTL). An inorganic (sodium selenite, Na2SeO3) and organic (selenocysteine, Cys-Se-Se-Cys) selenocompound have been used as Se sources. GPx1 activity was also tested to verify the impact of transcript changes on the enzymatic function of these molecules. To understand if the results obtained from the transcript expression analysis were due to Se bioavailability or generation of ROS, the cytoxicity of the two selenocompounds was tested by measuring the impact of Se on cell membrane integrity. Lastly, Se availability was quantified by mass spectrophotometry to determine the amount of Se in the cell culture media, the Se background due to the foetal calf serum supplement and the contribution from the two selenocompounds used in the treatments. Three isoforms of genes for both GPx1 (GPx1a, 1b1 and 1b2) and GPx4 (GPx4a1, a2 and b) have been identified. The discovery of a third gene encoding for GPx1 and GPx4 hints that salmonids may have the biggest selenoproteome amongst all vertebrates. Transcripts of GPx4 genes were more highly expressed in most tissues examined in vivo (except blood, head kidney and spleen), whereas those of the GPx1 genes were more responsive to selenium exposure in vitro, especially to the organic form. Interestingly, GPx1a was the most sensitive to selenium availability in non stressful conditions, whereas GPx1b1 and GPx1b2 were highly induced by exposure to selenium levels that had some toxic effects on the cells. Although the different concentrations tested of the two selenocompounds modulate GPx1 transcript expression to various degrees, no significant change of GPx1 enzymatic activity was detectable. Our results lead us to conclude that trout GPx1 transcripts expression level may represent a sensitive biomarker for selenium intake, helping to evaluate if selenium concentration and chemical speciation impact on cell homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Pacitti
- Scottish Fish Immunology Research Centre, Institute of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, United Kingdom
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Wang L, Harris SM, Espinoza HM, McClain V, Gallagher EP. Characterization of phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione metabolizing peroxidase (gpx4) isoforms in Coho salmon olfactory and liver tissues and their modulation by cadmium. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2012; 114-115:134-41. [PMID: 22446825 PMCID: PMC3660139 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.02.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 02/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/21/2012] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to environmental contaminants, including various pesticides and trace metals, can disrupt critical olfactory-driven behaviors of fish such as homing to natal streams, mate selection, and an ability to detect predators and prey. These neurobehavioral injuries have been linked to reduced survival and population declines. Despite the importance of maintaining proper olfactory signaling processes in the presence of chemical exposures, little is known regarding chemical detoxification in the salmon olfactory system, and in particular, the antioxidant defenses that maintain olfactory function. An understudied, yet critical component of cellular antioxidant defense is phospholipid hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase (PHGPx/GPx4), an isoform within the family of selenium-dependent glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes that can directly reduce lipid peroxides and other membrane-bound complex hydroperoxides. In this study, we cloned two gpx4 isoforms (gpx4a and gpx4b) from Coho salmon olfactory tissues and compared their modulation in olfactory and liver tissues by cadmium, an environmental pollutant and olfactory toxicant that cause oxidative damage as a mechanism of toxicity. Amino acid sequence comparisons of the two gpx4 isoforms shared 71% identity, and also relatively high sequence identities when compared with other fish GPx4 isoforms. Sequence comparisons with human GPx4 indicated conservation of three important active sites at selenocysteine (U46), glutamine (Q81), and tryptophan (W136), suggesting similar catalytic activity between fish and mammalian GPx4 isoforms. Tissue profiling confirmed the expression of gpx4a and gpx4b in all ten Coho tissues examined. The expression of gpx4 mRNAs in the Coho olfactory system was accompanied by comparably high initial rates of GPx4 enzymatic activity in mitochondrial and cytosolic fractions. Exposure to low (3.7 ppb) and high (347 ppb) environmental Cd concentrations for 24-48 h significantly decreased gpx4a expression in Coho olfactory rosettes, whereas olfactory gpx4b mRNA expression was not modulated by exposures at these concentrations. In summary, Coho salmon express two paralogs of gpx4, a key enzyme in the maintenance of signal transduction processes that protect against cellular oxidative damage. The Cd-associated downregulation of salmon olfactory gpx4a expression in particular, may be associated with the loss of olfactory signal transduction that accompanies metal-associated loss of olfaction in salmonids.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Evan P. Gallagher
- To whom correspondence should be addressed: Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, School of Public Health, 4225 Roosevelt Way NE, Suite 100, Seattle, WA 98105 – 6099, United States, Telephone: 1-206-616-4739, Fax: 1-206-685-4696,
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48
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Handy DE, Loscalzo J. Redox regulation of mitochondrial function. Antioxid Redox Signal 2012; 16:1323-67. [PMID: 22146081 PMCID: PMC3324814 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2011.4123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 370] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 12/06/2011] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Redox-dependent processes influence most cellular functions, such as differentiation, proliferation, and apoptosis. Mitochondria are at the center of these processes, as mitochondria both generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) that drive redox-sensitive events and respond to ROS-mediated changes in the cellular redox state. In this review, we examine the regulation of cellular ROS, their modes of production and removal, and the redox-sensitive targets that are modified by their flux. In particular, we focus on the actions of redox-sensitive targets that alter mitochondrial function and the role of these redox modifications on metabolism, mitochondrial biogenesis, receptor-mediated signaling, and apoptotic pathways. We also consider the role of mitochondria in modulating these pathways, and discuss how redox-dependent events may contribute to pathobiology by altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diane E Handy
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Aggarwal NT, Gauthier KM, Campbell WB. Endothelial nitric oxide and 15-lipoxygenase-1 metabolites independently mediate relaxation of the rabbit aorta. Vascul Pharmacol 2011; 56:106-12. [PMID: 22197897 DOI: 10.1016/j.vph.2011.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2011] [Revised: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Endothelial 15-lipoxygenase-1 (15-LO-1) metabolites of arachidonic acid (AA), 11,12,15-trihydroxyeicosatrienoic acid (THETA) and 15-hydroxy-11,12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (HEETA) and nitric oxide (NO) mediate relaxations to acetylcholine (ACH). However, interactions between NO and the 15-LO-1 pathway have not been explored. Therefore, the effect of physiological and pharmacological concentrations of NO on 15-LO activity and relaxation was studied in rabbit aorta. In indomethacin-treated aortic rings, maximal ACH relaxations of 91.3±4.0%, decreased to 54.5±3.0% by the NO synthase inhibitor, nitro-l-arginine (LNA), to 49.8±3% by the guanylate cyclase (GC) inhibitor, 1H-[1,2,4]oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one, to 63.7±4.9% by the lipoxygenase (LO) inhibitor, nordihydroguaiaretic acid (NDGA) and were completely inhibited by the combination of LNA and NDGA. AA relaxations were not affected by GC inhibition but were reduced by LO inhibition. The NO donor, dipropylenetriamine-NONOate (DPTA) caused concentration-related relaxations (EC(50)=4.7×10(-6)M). Aortic metabolism of (14)C-AA to THETA and HEETA was not altered by EC(50) concentrations of DPTA but were reduced 10-fold by 10(-3)M DPTA. In LNA-treated aorta, DPTA (3×10(-6)M) caused relaxations of 38.2.5±4%. Maximum relaxations to ACH did not differ in the presence and absence 3×10(-6)M DPTA (49.5±5% and 44.2±4%, respectively). These results indicate that NO and 15-LO-1 act in parallel to mediate ACH relaxations and NO does not alter 15-LO-1 activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin T Aggarwal
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical College of Wisconsin, 8701 Watertown Plank Road, Milwaukee, WI 53226, USA
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50
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Kuiper HC, Bruno RS, Traber MG, Stevens JF. Vitamin C supplementation lowers urinary levels of 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal metabolites in humans. Free Radic Biol Med 2011; 50:848-53. [PMID: 21236333 PMCID: PMC3046321 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2010] [Revised: 12/23/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The lack of suitable biomarkers of oxidative stress is a common problem for antioxidant intervention studies in humans. We evaluated the efficacy of vitamin C supplementation in decreasing biomarkers of lipid peroxidation in nonsmokers and in cigarette smokers, a commonly studied, free-living human model of chronic oxidative stress. Participants received ascorbic acid (500mg twice per day) or placebo for 17 days in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized crossover design study. The urinary biomarkers assessed and reported herein are derived from 4-hydroperoxy-2-nonenal (HPNE) and include the mercapturic acid (MA) conjugates of 4-hydroxy-2(E)-nonenal (HNE), 1,4-dihydroxy-2(E)-nonene (DHN), and 4-oxo-2(E)-nonenol(ONO). Vitamin C supplementation decreased the urinary concentrations of both ONO-MA (p=0.0013) and HNE-MA (p=0.0213) by ~30%; however, neither cigarette smoking nor sex affected these biomarkers. In contrast, vitamin C supplementation decreased urinary concentrations of DHN-MA (three-way interaction p=0.0304) in nonsmoking men compared with nonsmoking women (p<0.05), as well as in nonsmoking men compared with smoking men (p<0.05). Vitamin C supplementation also decreased (p=0.0092) urinary total of metabolites by ~20%. Thus, HPNE metabolites can be reduced favorably in response to improved plasma ascorbic acid concentrations, an effect due to ascorbic acid antioxidant function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather C. Kuiper
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - Richard S. Bruno
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
| | - Maret G. Traber
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Nutrition and Exercise Sciences, Oregon State University
| | - Jan F. Stevens
- Linus Pauling Institute, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Oregon State University
- Corresponding author. Linus Pauling Institute, 571 Weniger Hall, Oregon State University, Corvallis, OR 97331, USA; Fax: + 1 541 737 5077.
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