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Yamamoto R, Sakakibara R, Kim MH, Fujinaga Y, Kino-Oka M. Growth prolongation of human induced pluripotent stem cell aggregate in three-dimensional suspension culture system by addition of botulinum hemagglutinin. J Biosci Bioeng 2024; 137:141-148. [PMID: 38110319 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/20/2023]
Abstract
Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) can be used in regenerative therapy as an irresistible cell source, and so the development of scalable production of hiPSCs for three-dimensional (3D) suspension culture is required. In this study, we established a simple culture strategy for improving hiPSC aggregate growth using botulinum hemagglutinin (HA), which disrupts cell-cell adhesion mediated by E-cadherin. When HA was added to the suspension culture of hiPSC aggregates, E-cadherin-mediated cell-cell adhesion was temporarily disrupted within 24 h, but then recovered. Phosphorylated myosin light chain, a contractile force marker, was also recovered at the periphery of hiPSC aggregates. The cell aggregates were suppressed the formation of collagen type I shell-like structures at the periphery by HA and collagen type I was homogenously distributed within the cell aggregates. In addition, these cell aggregates retained the proliferation marker Ki-67 throughout the cell aggregates. The apparent specific growth rate with HA addition was maintained continuously throughout the culture, and the final cell density was 1.7-fold higher than that in the control culture. These cells retained high expression levels of pluripotency markers. These observations indicated that relaxation of cell-cell adhesions by HA addition induced rearrangement of the mechanical tensions generated by actomyosin in hiPSC aggregates and suppression of collagen type I shell-like structure formation. These results suggest that this simple and readily culture strategy is a potentially useful tool for improving the scalable production of hiPSCs for 3D suspension cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Riku Yamamoto
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Ryo Sakakibara
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Mee-Hae Kim
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yukako Fujinaga
- Department of Bacteriology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa 920-8641, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kino-Oka
- Department of Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Research Base for Cell Manufacturability, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Thapa N, Wen T, Cryns VL, Anderson RA. Regulation of Cell Adhesion and Migration via Microtubule Cytoskeleton Organization, Cell Polarity, and Phosphoinositide Signaling. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1430. [PMID: 37892112 PMCID: PMC10604632 DOI: 10.3390/biom13101430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The capacity for cancer cells to metastasize to distant organs depends on their ability to execute the carefully choreographed processes of cell adhesion and migration. As most human cancers are of epithelial origin (carcinoma), the transcriptional downregulation of adherent/tight junction proteins (e.g., E-cadherin, Claudin and Occludin) with the concomitant gain of adhesive and migratory phenotypes has been extensively studied. Most research and reviews on cell adhesion and migration focus on the actin cytoskeleton and its reorganization. However, metastasizing cancer cells undergo the extensive reorganization of their cytoskeletal system, specifically in originating/nucleation sites of microtubules and their orientation (e.g., from non-centrosomal to centrosomal microtubule organizing centers). The precise mechanisms by which the spatial and temporal reorganization of microtubules are linked functionally with the acquisition of an adhesive and migratory phenotype as epithelial cells reversibly transition into mesenchymal cells during metastasis remains poorly understood. In this Special Issue of "Molecular Mechanisms Underlying Cell Adhesion and Migration", we highlight cell adhesion and migration from the perspectives of microtubule cytoskeletal reorganization, cell polarity and phosphoinositide signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narendra Thapa
- The Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Tianmu Wen
- The Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Vincent L. Cryns
- The Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (V.L.C.)
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Richard A. Anderson
- The Carbone Cancer Center, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, Madison, WI 53705, USA; (T.W.); (V.L.C.)
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3
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Gabriel Francia M, Oses C, Lorena Roberti S, Reneé Garcia M, Helio Cozza L, Candelaria Diaz M, Levi V, Sonia Guberman A. SUMOylation and the oncogenic E17K mutation affect AKT1 subcellular distribution and impact on Nanog-binding dynamics to chromatin in embryonic stem cells. J Struct Biol 2023; 215:107961. [PMID: 37059313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2023.107961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
AKT/PKB is a kinase involved in the regulation of a plethora of cell processes. Particularly, in embryonic stem cells (ESCs), AKT is crucial for the maintenance of pluripotency. Although the activation of this kinase relies on its recruitment to the cellular membrane and subsequent phosphorylation, multiple other post-translational modifications (PTMs), including SUMOylation, fine-tune its activity and target specificity. Since this PTM can also modify the localization and availability of different proteins, in this work we explored if SUMOylation impacts on the subcellular compartmentalization and distribution of AKT1 in ESCs. We found that this PTM does not affect AKT1 membrane recruitment, but it modifies the AKT1 nucleus/cytoplasm distribution, increasing its nuclear presence. Additionally, within this compartment, we found that AKT1 SUMOylation also impacts on the chromatin-binding dynamics of NANOG, a central pluripotency transcription factor. Remarkably, the oncogenic E17K AKT1 mutant produces major changes in all these parameters increasing the binding of NANOG to its targets, also in a SUMOylation dependent manner. These findings demonstrate that SUMOylation modulates AKT1 subcellular distribution, thus adding an extra layer of regulation of its function, possibly by affecting the specificity and interaction with its downstream targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcos Gabriel Francia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Oses
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Sabrina Lorena Roberti
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mora Reneé Garcia
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Lucas Helio Cozza
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Maria Candelaria Diaz
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Valeria Levi
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alejandra Sonia Guberman
- Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN, CONICET-UBA), Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina; Departamento de Fisiología y Biología Molecular y Celular, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Universidad de Buenos Aires. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Apical-basal polarity and the control of epithelial form and function. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2022; 23:559-577. [PMID: 35440694 DOI: 10.1038/s41580-022-00465-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Epithelial cells are the most common cell type in all animals, forming the sheets and tubes that compose most organs and tissues. Apical-basal polarity is essential for epithelial cell form and function, as it determines the localization of the adhesion molecules that hold the cells together laterally and the occluding junctions that act as barriers to paracellular diffusion. Polarity must also target the secretion of specific cargoes to the apical, lateral or basal membranes and organize the cytoskeleton and internal architecture of the cell. Apical-basal polarity in many cells is established by conserved polarity factors that define the apical (Crumbs, Stardust/PALS1, aPKC, PAR-6 and CDC42), junctional (PAR-3) and lateral (Scribble, DLG, LGL, Yurt and RhoGAP19D) domains, although recent evidence indicates that not all epithelia polarize by the same mechanism. Research has begun to reveal the dynamic interactions between polarity factors and how they contribute to polarity establishment and maintenance. Elucidating these mechanisms is essential to better understand the roles of apical-basal polarity in morphogenesis and how defects in polarity contribute to diseases such as cancer.
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Three-dimensional Vascularized β-cell Spheroid Tissue Derived From Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells for Subcutaneous Islet Transplantation in a Mouse Model of Type 1 Diabetes. Transplantation 2022; 106:48-59. [PMID: 34905762 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Islet transplantation is an effective replacement therapy for type 1 diabetes (T1D) patients. However, shortage of donor organ for allograft is obstacle for further development of the treatment. Subcutaneous transplantation with stem cell-derived β-cells might overcome this, but poor vascularity in the site is burden for success in the transplantation. We investigated the effect of subcutaneous transplantation of vascularized β-cell spheroid tissue constructed 3-dimensionally using a layer-by-layer (LbL) cell-coating technique in a T1D model mouse. METHODS We used MIN6 cells to determine optimal conditions for the coculture of β-cell spheroids, normal human dermal fibroblasts, and human umbilical vein endothelial cells, and then, under those conditions, we constructed vascularized spheroid tissue using human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived β-cells (hiPS β cells). The function of insulin secretion of the vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue was evaluated in vitro. Furthermore, the function was investigated in T1D model NOD/SCID mice subcutaneously transplanted with the tissue. RESULTS In vitro, the vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue exhibited enhanced insulin secretion. The vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue also significantly decreased blood glucose levels in diabetic immunodeficient mice when transplanted subcutaneously. Furthermore, host mouse vessels were observed in the explanted vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue. CONCLUSIONS Vascularized hiPS β-cell spheroid tissue decreased blood glucose levels in the diabetic mice. This therapeutic effect was suggested due to host angiogenesis in the graft. This method could lead to a promising regenerative treatment for T1D patients.
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Bugda Gwilt K, Thiagarajah JR. Membrane Lipids in Epithelial Polarity: Sorting out the PIPs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:893960. [PMID: 35712665 PMCID: PMC9197455 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.893960] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of cell polarity in epithelia, is critical for tissue morphogenesis and vectorial transport between the environment and the underlying tissue. Epithelial polarity is defined by the development of distinct plasma membrane domains: the apical membrane interfacing with the exterior lumen compartment, and the basolateral membrane directly contacting the underlying tissue. The de novo generation of polarity is a tightly regulated process, both spatially and temporally, involving changes in the distribution of plasma membrane lipids, localization of apical and basolateral membrane proteins, and vesicular trafficking. Historically, the process of epithelial polarity has been primarily described in relation to the localization and function of protein 'polarity complexes.' However, a critical and foundational role is emerging for plasma membrane lipids, and in particular phosphoinositide species. Here, we broadly review the evidence for a primary role for membrane lipids in the generation of epithelial polarity and highlight key areas requiring further research. We discuss the complex interchange that exists between lipid species and briefly examine how major membrane lipid constituents are generated and intersect with vesicular trafficking to be preferentially localized to different membrane domains with a focus on some of the key protein-enzyme complexes involved in these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katlynn Bugda Gwilt
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Jay R Thiagarajah
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
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Sluysmans S, Méan I, Jond L, Citi S. WW, PH and C-Terminal Domains Cooperate to Direct the Subcellular Localizations of PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6 and PLEKHA7. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:729444. [PMID: 34568338 PMCID: PMC8458771 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.729444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6, and PLEKHA7 (WW-PLEKHAs) are members of the PLEKHA family of proteins that interact with PDZD11 through their tandem WW domains. WW-PLEKHAs contribute to the trafficking and retention of transmembrane proteins, including nectins, Tspan33, and the copper pump ATP7A, at cell-cell junctions and lateral membranes. However, the structural basis for the distinct subcellular localizations of PLEKHA5, PLEKHA6, and PLEKHA7 is not clear. Here we expressed mutant and chimeric proteins of WW-PLEKHAs in cultured cells to clarify the role of their structural domains in their localization. We found that the WW-mediated interaction between PLEKHA5 and PDZD11 is required for their respective association with cytoplasmic microtubules. The PH domain of PLEKHA5 is required for its localization along the lateral plasma membrane and promotes the lateral localization of PLEKHA7 in a chimeric molecule. Although the PH domain of PLEKHA7 is not required for its localization at the adherens junctions (AJ), it promotes a AJ localization of chimeric proteins. The C-terminal region of PLEKHA6 and PLEKHA7 and the coiled-coil region of PLEKHA7 promote their localization at AJ of epithelial cells. These observations indicate that the localizations of WW-PLEKHAs at specific subcellular sites, where they recruit PDZD11, are the result of multiple cooperative protein-lipid and protein-protein interactions and provide a rational basis for the identification of additional proteins involved in trafficking and sorting of WW-PLEKHAs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Sandra Citi
- Department of Cell Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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PI3K-AKT, JAK2-STAT3 pathways and cell-cell contact regulate maspin subcellular localization. Cell Commun Signal 2021; 19:86. [PMID: 34391444 PMCID: PMC8364028 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-021-00758-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Maspin (SERPINB5) is a potential tumor suppressor gene with pleiotropic biological activities, including regulation of cell proliferation, death, adhesion, migration and gene expression. Several studies indicate that nuclear localization is essential for maspin tumor suppression activity. We have previously shown that the EGFR activation leads to maspin nuclear localization in MCF-10A cells. The present study investigated which EGFR downstream signaling molecules are involved in maspin nuclear localization and explored a possible role of cell–cell contact in this process. Methods MCF-10A cells were treated with pharmacological inhibitors against EGFR downstream pathways followed by EGF treatment. Maspin subcellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence. Proteomic and interactome analyses were conducted to identify maspin-binding proteins in EGF-treated cells only. To investigate the role of cell–cell contact these cells were either treated with chelating agents or plated on different cell densities. Maspin and E-cadherin subcellular localization was determined by immunofluorescence. Results We found that PI3K-Akt and JAK2-STAT3, but not MAP kinase pathway, regulate EGF-induced maspin nuclear accumulation in MCF-10A cells. We observed that maspin is predominantly nuclear in sparse cell culture, but it is redistributed to the cytoplasm in confluent cells even in the presence of EGF. Proteomic and interactome results suggest a role of maspin on post-transcriptional and translation regulation, protein folding and cell–cell adhesion. Conclusions Maspin nuclear accumulation is determined by an interplay between EGFR (via PI3K-Akt and JAK2-STAT3 pathways) and cell–cell contact.![]() Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-021-00758-3.
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Geletu M, Adan H, Niit M, Arulanandam R, Carefoot E, Hoskin V, Sina D, Elliott B, Gunning P, Raptis L. Modulation of Akt vs Stat3 activity by the focal adhesion kinase in non-neoplastic mouse fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2021; 411:112731. [PMID: 34270980 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Adhesion of cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are both required for cellular functions. Cell-to-cell adhesion is mediated by cadherins, and their engagement triggers the activation of Stat3, which offers a potent survival signal. Adhesion to the ECM on the other hand, activates FAK which attracts and activates Src, as well as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the PI3k/Akt and Ras/Erk pathways. However, the effect of cell density upon FAK and Akt activity has not been examined. We now demonstrate that, interestingly, despite being potent Stat3 activators, Src and RTKs are unable to activate Stat3 in sparsely growing (i.e., without cadherin engagement), non-neoplastic cells attached to the ECM. In contrast, cell aggregation (i.e., cadherin engagement in the absence of adhesion to a solid substratum) was found to activate both Stat3 and Akt. Pharmacologic or genetic reduction of FAK activity abolished Akt activity at low densities, indicating that FAK is an important activator of Akt in this setting. Notably, FAK knockout increased cellular sensitivity to the Stat3 inhibitor CPA7, while FAK reintroduction restored resistance to this drug. These findings suggest a complementary role of integrin/FAK/Akt and cadherin/Stat3-mediated pro-survival pathways, which may be of significance during neoplastic transformation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulu Geletu
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada.
| | - Hanad Adan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maximillian Niit
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Esther Carefoot
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Victoria Hoskin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diana Sina
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Bruce Elliott
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patrick Gunning
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Leda Raptis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Mdicine, Queen's University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Verma S, Kang AK, Pal R, Gupta SK. BST2 regulates interferon gamma-dependent decrease in invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells via STAT1 and AKT signaling pathways and expression of E-cadherin. Cell Adh Migr 2021; 14:24-41. [PMID: 31957537 PMCID: PMC6973314 DOI: 10.1080/19336918.2019.1710024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The mechanism by which interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) downregulates trophoblast invasion needs further investigation. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with IFN-γ led to a decrease in their invasion concomitant with an increased expression of BST2. Silencing of BST2 by siRNA showed a significant increase in their invasion and spreading after treatment with IFN-γ as well as downregulated expression of E-cadherin. Further, STAT1 silencing inhibited the IFN-γ-dependent increase in the expression of BST2 and E-cadherin. Treatment of HTR-8/SVneo cells with IFN-γ led to the activation of AKT, and its inhibition with PI3K inhibitor abrogated IFN-γ-mediated decrease in invasion/spreading and downregulated BST2 and E-cadherin expression. Collectively, IFN-γ decreases the invasion of HTR-8/SVneo cells by STAT1 and AKT activation via increased expression of BST2 and E-cadherin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonam Verma
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Amandeep Kaur Kang
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Rahul Pal
- Immunoendocrinology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
| | - Satish Kumar Gupta
- Reproductive Cell Biology Laboratory, National Institute of Immunology, New Delhi, India
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Geletu M, Adan H, Niit M, Arulanandam R, Carefoot E, Hoskin V, Sina D, Elliott B, Gunning P, Raptis L. Modulation of Akt vs Stat3 activity by the focal adhesion kinase in non-neoplastic mouse fibroblasts. Exp Cell Res 2021; 404:112601. [PMID: 33957118 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112601] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Adhesion of cells to each other and to the extracellular matrix (ECM) are both required for cellular functions. Cell-to-cell adhesion is mediated by cadherins and their engagement triggers the activation of Stat3, which offers a potent survival signal. Adhesion to the ECM on the other hand, activates FAK which attracts and activates Src, as well as receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs), the PI3k/Akt and Ras/Erk pathways. However, the effect of cell density upon FAK and Akt activity has not been examined. We now demonstrate that, interestingly, despite being potent Stat3 activators, Src and RTKs are unable to activate Stat3 in sparsely growing (i.e., without cadherin engagement), non-neoplastic cells attached to the ECM. In contrast, cell aggregation (i.e., cadherin engagement in the absence of adhesion to a solid substratum) was found to activate both Stat3 and Akt. Pharmacologic or genetic reduction of FAK activity abolished Akt activity at low densities, indicating that FAK is an important activator of Akt in this setting. Notably, FAK knockout increased cellular sensitivity to the Stat3 inhibitor CPA7, while FAK reintroduction restored resistance to this drug. These findings suggest a complementary role of integrin/FAK/Akt and cadherin/Stat3-mediated pro-survival pathways, which may be of significance during neoplastic transformation and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mulu Geletu
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada.
| | - Hanad Adan
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Maximillian Niit
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Rozanne Arulanandam
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada; Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Centre for Innovative Cancer Therapeutics, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, 501 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario, K1H 8L6, Canada
| | - Esther Carefoot
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Victoria Hoskin
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Diana Sina
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences (CPS), University of Toronto Mississauga, 3359 Mississauga Rd, Mississauga, ON, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Bruce Elliott
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
| | - Patrick Gunning
- Department of Chemical and Physical Sciences, University of Toronto, Mississauga, Ontario, L5L 1C6, Canada
| | - Leda Raptis
- Department of Biomedical and Molecular Sciences and Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, K7L 3N6, Canada
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Duhan V, Khairnar V, Kitanovski S, Hamdan TA, Klein AD, Lang J, Ali M, Adomati T, Bhat H, Friedrich SK, Li F, Krebs P, Futerman AH, Addo MM, Hardt C, Hoffmann D, Lang PA, Lang KS. Integrin Alpha E (CD103) Limits Virus-Induced IFN-I Production in Conventional Dendritic Cells. Front Immunol 2021; 11:607889. [PMID: 33584680 PMCID: PMC7873973 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.607889] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early and strong production of IFN-I by dendritic cells is important to control vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV), however mechanisms which explain this cell-type specific innate immune activation remain to be defined. Here, using a genome wide association study (GWAS), we identified Integrin alpha-E (Itgae, CD103) as a new regulator of antiviral IFN-I production in a mouse model of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) infection. CD103 was specifically expressed by splenic conventional dendritic cells (cDCs) and limited IFN-I production in these cells during VSV infection. Mechanistically, CD103 suppressed AKT phosphorylation and mTOR activation in DCs. Deficiency in CD103 accelerated early IFN-I in cDCs and prevented death in VSV infected animals. In conclusion, CD103 participates in regulation of cDC specific IFN-I induction and thereby influences immune activation after VSV infection.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cells, Cultured
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Dendritic Cells/virology
- Disease Models, Animal
- Genome-Wide Association Study
- Host-Pathogen Interactions
- Immunity, Innate
- Integrin alpha Chains/genetics
- Integrin alpha Chains/metabolism
- Interferon Type I/metabolism
- Mice, 129 Strain
- Mice, Inbred AKR
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Inbred DBA
- Mice, Inbred NOD
- Mice, Knockout
- Phosphorylation
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt/metabolism
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/genetics
- Receptor, Interferon alpha-beta/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- TOR Serine-Threonine Kinases/metabolism
- Vesicular Stomatitis/genetics
- Vesicular Stomatitis/immunology
- Vesicular Stomatitis/metabolism
- Vesicular Stomatitis/virology
- Vesiculovirus/growth & development
- Vesiculovirus/pathogenicity
- Virus Replication
- Mice
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Affiliation(s)
- Vikas Duhan
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Immunology in Cancer and Infection Laboratory, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Vishal Khairnar
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Simo Kitanovski
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Thamer A. Hamdan
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Department of Medical Laboratories, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Madaba, Amman, Jordan
| | - Andrés D. Klein
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Centro de Genética y Genómica, Universidad Del Desarrollo Clínica Alemana de Santiago, Santiago, Chile
| | - Judith Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Murtaza Ali
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Tom Adomati
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Hilal Bhat
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Sarah-Kim Friedrich
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Fanghui Li
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philippe Krebs
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anthony H. Futerman
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marylyn M. Addo
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Division of Infectious Diseases, 1st Department of Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riemse, Hamburg, Germany
- Department of Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Cornelia Hardt
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Daniel Hoffmann
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Philipp A. Lang
- Department of Molecular Medicine II, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Karl S. Lang
- Institute of Immunology, Medical Faculty, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
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Kaszak I, Witkowska-Piłaszewicz O, Niewiadomska Z, Dworecka-Kaszak B, Ngosa Toka F, Jurka P. Role of Cadherins in Cancer-A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E7624. [PMID: 33076339 PMCID: PMC7589192 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21207624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2020] [Revised: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadherins play an important role in tissue homeostasis, as they are responsible for cell-cell adhesion during embryogenesis, tissue morphogenesis, differentiation and carcinogenesis. Cadherins are inseparably connected with catenins, forming cadherin-catenin complexes, which are crucial for cell-to-cell adherence. Any dysfunction or destabilization of cadherin-catenin complex may result in tumor progression. Epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a mechanism in which epithelial cadherin (E-cadherin) expression is lost during tumor progression. However, during tumorigenesis, many processes take place, and downregulation of E-cadherin, nuclear β-catenin and p120 catenin (p120) signaling are among the most critical. Additional signaling pathways, such as Receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK), Rho GTPases, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) and Hippo affect cadherin cell-cell adhesion and also contribute to tumor progression and metastasis. Many signaling pathways may be activated during tumorigenesis; thus, cadherin-targeting drugs seem to limit the progression of malignant tumor. This review discusses the role of cadherins in selected signaling mechanisms involved in tumor growth. The clinical importance of cadherin will be discussed in cases of human and animal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilona Kaszak
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Olga Witkowska-Piłaszewicz
- Department of Pathology and Veterinary Diagnostics, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Zuzanna Niewiadomska
- Carnivore Reproduction Study Center, Ecole Nationale Veterinaire d’Alfort, 94700 Maison Alfort, France;
| | - Bożena Dworecka-Kaszak
- Department of Preclinical Sciences, Institute of Veterinary Medicine; Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Felix Ngosa Toka
- Center for Integrative Mammalian Research, Ross University School of Veterinary Medicine, BOX 334 Basseterre, Saint Kitts and Nevis, West Indies;
| | - Piotr Jurka
- Department of Small Animal Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, 02-787 Warsaw, Poland;
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Aydemİr Çoban E, Tecİmel D, KaŞikci E, Bayrak ÖF, Şahİn F. E-cadherin might be a stage-dependent modulator in aggressiveness in pancreatic cancer cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 44:230-237. [PMID: 33110361 PMCID: PMC7585161 DOI: 10.3906/biy-1912-60] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) pathology is known for its uncontrollable progress due to highly invasive characteristics and refractory behavior against existing chemotherapies. The aberrant expression of CDH1 (expresses the protein E-cadherin) is associated with increased overall survival in various cancers, however, E-cadherin expression in PDAC progression has remained elusive. We investigated the impact of exogenously elevated E-cadherin levels on the tumorigenicity of transduced low grade and metastatic PDAC cell lines, Panc-1 and AsPC-1, respectively. Constitutive expression of E-cadherin promoted a more hybrid E/M state in AsPC-1 cells, while it was associated with the acquisition of a more epithelial-like state in Panc1 cells. Our study suggests that E-cadherin may play differential roles in determining the metastatic characteristics of primary and metastatic pancreatic cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esra Aydemİr Çoban
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Didem Tecİmel
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Yeditepe University Hospital, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Ezgi KaŞikci
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Department of Microbiology & Immunology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, NY USA
| | - Ömer Faruk Bayrak
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey.,Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Yeditepe University, Yeditepe University Hospital, İstanbul Turkey
| | - Fikrettin Şahİn
- Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Engineering Faculty, Yeditepe University, İstanbul Turkey
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15
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Venhuizen JH, Jacobs FJ, Span PN, Zegers MM. P120 and E-cadherin: Double-edged swords in tumor metastasis. Semin Cancer Biol 2020; 60:107-120. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2019.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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16
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Allosteric AKT Inhibitors Target Synthetic Lethal Vulnerabilities in E-Cadherin-Deficient Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11091359. [PMID: 31540244 PMCID: PMC6769709 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11091359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The CDH1 gene, encoding the cell adhesion protein E-cadherin, is one of the most frequently mutated genes in gastric cancer and inactivating germline CDH1 mutations are responsible for hereditary diffuse gastric cancer syndrome (HDGC). Using cell viability assays, we identified that breast (MCF10A) and gastric (NCI-N87) cells lacking CDH1 expression are more sensitive to allosteric AKT inhibitors than their CDH1-expressing isogenic counterparts. Apoptosis priming and total apoptosis assays in the isogenic MCF10A cells confirmed the enhanced sensitivity of E-cadherin-null cells to the AKT inhibitors. In addition, two of these inhibitors, ARQ-092 and MK2206, preferentially targeted mouse-derived gastric Cdh1−/− organoids for growth arrest. AKT protein expression and activation (as measured by phosphorylation of serine 473) were differentially regulated in E-cadherin-null MCF10A and NCI-N87 cells, with downregulation in the normal breast cells, but upregulation in the gastric cancer cells. Bioinformatic analysis of the TCGA STAD dataset revealed that AKT3, but not AKT1 or AKT2, is upregulated in the majority of E-cadherin-deficient gastric cancers. In conclusion, allosteric AKT inhibitors represent a promising class of drugs for chemoprevention and chemotherapy of cancers with E-cadherin loss.
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17
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The membrane environment of cadherin adhesion receptors: a working hypothesis. Biochem Soc Trans 2019; 47:985-995. [DOI: 10.1042/bst20180012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Revised: 06/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Classical cadherin cell adhesion receptors are integral membrane proteins that mediate cell–cell interactions, tissue integrity and morphogenesis. Cadherins are best understood to function as membrane-spanning molecular composites that couple adhesion to the cytoskeleton. On the other hand, the membrane lipid environment of the cadherins is an under-investigated aspect of their cell biology. In this review, we discuss two lines of research that show how the membrane can directly or indirectly contribute to cadherin function. Firstly, we consider how modification of its local lipid environment can potentially influence cadherin signalling, adhesion and dynamics, focusing on a role for phosphoinositide-4,5-bisphosphate. Secondly, we discuss how caveolae may indirectly regulate cadherins by modifying either the lipid composition and/or mechanical tension of the plasma membrane. Thus, we suggest that the membrane is a frontier of cadherin biology that is ripe for re-exploration.
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18
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Beljanski V, Grinnemo KH, Österholm C. Pleiotropic roles of autophagy in stem cell-based therapies. Cytotherapy 2019; 21:380-392. [PMID: 30876741 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Stem cells (SCs) have been proven to possess regenerative and immunomodulatory properties and can be used to treat diseases that involve loss of cells due to tissue damage or inflammation. For this approach to succeed, SCs or their derivatives should be able to engraft in the target tissue at least for a short period of time. Unfortunately, once injected, therapeutic SCs will encounter a hostile environment, including hypoxia, lack of nutrients and stromal support, and cells may also be targeted and rejected by the immune system. Therefore, SC's stress-response mechanisms likely play a significant role in survival of injected cells and possibly contribute to their therapeutic efficacy. Autphagy, a stress-response pathway, is involved in many different cellular processes, such as survival during hypoxia and nutrient deprivation, cellular differentiation and de-differentiation, and it can also contribute to their immunovisibility by regulating antigen presentation and cytokine secretion. Autophagy machinery interacts with many proteins and signaling pathways that regulate SC properties, including PI3K/Akt, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), Wnt, Hedgehog and Notch, and it is also involved in regulating intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels. In this review, we contend that autophagy is an important therapeutic target that can be used to improve the outcome of SC-based tissue repair and regeneration. Further research should reveal whether inhibition or stimulation of autophagy increases the therapeutic utility of SCs and it should also identify appropriate therapeutic regimens that can be applied in the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladimir Beljanski
- NSU Cell Therapy Institute, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA.
| | - Karl-Henrik Grinnemo
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Surgical Sciences, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Uppsala University, Akademiska University Hospital, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Cecilia Österholm
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery and Anesthesiology, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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19
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Godwin TD, Kelly ST, Brew TP, Bougen-Zhukov NM, Single AB, Chen A, Stylianou CE, Harris LD, Currie SK, Telford BJ, Beetham HG, Evans GB, Black MA, Guilford PJ. E-cadherin-deficient cells have synthetic lethal vulnerabilities in plasma membrane organisation, dynamics and function. Gastric Cancer 2019; 22:273-286. [PMID: 30066183 PMCID: PMC6394693 DOI: 10.1007/s10120-018-0859-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The E-cadherin gene (CDH1) is frequently mutated in diffuse gastric cancer and lobular breast cancer, and germline mutations predispose to the cancer syndrome Hereditary Diffuse Gastric Cancer. We are taking a synthetic lethal approach to identify druggable vulnerabilities in CDH1-mutant cancers. METHODS Density distributions of cell viability data from a genome-wide RNAi screen of isogenic MCF10A and MCF10A-CDH1-/- cells were used to identify protein classes affected by CDH1 mutation. The synthetic lethal relationship between selected protein classes and E-cadherin was characterised by drug sensitivity assays in both the isogenic breast MCF10A cells and CDH1-isogenic gastric NCI-N87. Endocytosis efficiency was quantified using cholera toxin B uptake. Pathway metagene expression of 415 TCGA gastric tumours was statistically correlated with CDH1 expression. RESULTS MCF10A-CDH1-/- cells showed significantly altered sensitivity to RNAi inhibition of groups of genes including the PI3K/AKT pathway, GPCRs, ion channels, proteosomal subunit proteins and ubiquitinylation enzymes. Both MCF10A-CDH1-/- and NCI-N87-CDH1-/- cells were more sensitive than wild-type cells to compounds that disrupted plasma membrane composition and trafficking, but showed contrasting sensitivities to inhibitors of actin polymerisation and the chloride channel inhibitor NS3728. The MCF10A-CDH1-/- cell lines showed reduced capacity to endocytose cholera toxin B. Pathway metagene analysis identified 20 Reactome pathways that were potentially synthetic lethal in tumours. Genes involved in GPCR signalling, vesicle transport and the metabolism of PI3K and membrane lipids were strongly represented amongst the candidate synthetic lethal genes. CONCLUSIONS E-cadherin loss leads to disturbances in receptor signalling and plasma membrane trafficking and organisation, creating druggable vulnerabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanis D Godwin
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - S Thomas Kelly
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Tom P Brew
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Nicola M Bougen-Zhukov
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Andrew B Single
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Augustine Chen
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Cassie E Stylianou
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Lawrence D Harris
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Sophie K Currie
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Bryony J Telford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Henry G Beetham
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Gary B Evans
- The Ferrier Research Institute, Victoria University of Wellington, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Michael A Black
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Parry J Guilford
- Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Centre for Translational Cancer Research (Te Aho Matatū), Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
- Parry Guilford Cancer Genetics Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, University of Otago, PO Box 56, Dunedin, 9016, New Zealand.
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20
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Tu CL, Celli A, Mauro T, Chang W. Calcium-Sensing Receptor Regulates Epidermal Intracellular Ca 2+ Signaling and Re-Epithelialization after Wounding. J Invest Dermatol 2018; 139:919-929. [PMID: 30404020 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2018.09.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 09/10/2018] [Accepted: 09/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Extracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+o) is a crucial regulator of epidermal homeostasis and its receptor, the Ca2+-sensing receptor (CaSR), conveys the Ca2+o signals to promote keratinocyte adhesion, differentiation, and survival via activation of intracellular Ca2+ (Ca2+i) and E-cadherin-mediated signaling. Here, we took genetic loss-of-function approaches to delineate the functions of CaSR in wound re-epithelialization. Cutaneous injury triggered a robust CaSR expression and a surge of Ca2+i in epidermis. CaSR and E-cadherin were co-expressed at the cell-cell membrane between migratory keratinocytes in the nascent epithelial tongues. Blocking the expression of CaSR or E-cadherin in cultured keratinocytes markedly inhibited the wound-induced Ca2+i propagation and their ability to migrate collectively. Depleting CaSR also suppressed keratinocyte proliferation by downregulating the E-cadherin/epidermal growth factor receptor/mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling axis. Blunted epidermal Ca2+i response to wounding and retarded wound healing were observed in the keratinocyte-specific CaSR knockout (EpidCasr-/-) mice, whose shortened neo-epithelia exhibited declined E-cadherin expression and diminished keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation. Conversely, stimulating endogenous CaSR with calcimimetic NPS-R568 accelerated wound re-epithelialization through enhancing the epidermal Ca2+i signals and E-cadherin membrane expression. These findings demonstrated a critical role for the CaSR in epidermal regeneration and its therapeutic potential for improving skin wound repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA.
| | - Anna Celli
- Dermatology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Theodora Mauro
- Dermatology Department, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Wenhan Chang
- Endocrine Research Unit, Veterans Affairs Medical Center, San Francisco, California, USA; Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, California, USA
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21
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Rea K, Roggiani F, De Cecco L, Raspagliesi F, Carcangiu ML, Nair-Menon J, Bagnoli M, Bortolomai I, Mezzanzanica D, Canevari S, Kourtidis A, Anastasiadis PZ, Tomassetti A. Simultaneous E-cadherin and PLEKHA7 expression negatively affects E-cadherin/EGFR mediated ovarian cancer cell growth. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2018; 37:146. [PMID: 29996940 PMCID: PMC6042237 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-018-0796-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Accepted: 06/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background The disruption of E-cadherin-mediated adhesion is considered an important driver of tumor progression. Nevertheless, numerous studies have demonstrated that E-cadherin promotes growth- or invasion-related signaling, contrary to the prevailing notion. During tumor progression, epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC) maintains E-cadherin expression and can positively affect EOC cell growth by contributing to PI3K/AKT activation. In polarized epithelia PLEKHA7, a regulator of the zonula adherens integrity, impinges E-cadherin functionality, but its role in EOCs has been never studied. Methods Ex-vivo EOC cells and cell lines were used to study E-cadherin contribution to growth and EGFR activation. The expression of the proteins involved was assessed by real time RT-PCR, immunohistochemistry and western blotting. Cells growth and drug susceptibility was monitored in different 3-dimensional (3D) systems. Recombinant lentivirus-mediated gene expression, western blotting, immunoprecipitation and confocal microscopy were applied to investigate the biological impact of PLEKHA7 on E-cadherin behaviour. The clinical impact of PLEKHA7 was determined in publicly available datasets. Results We show that E-cadherin expression contributes to growth of EOC cells and forms a complex with EGFR thus positively affecting ligand-dependent EGFR/CDK5 signaling. Accordingly, 3D cultures of E-cadherin-expressing EOC cells are sensitive to the CDK5 inhibitor roscovitine combined with cisplatin. We determined that PLEKHA7 overexpression reduces the formation of E-cadherin-EGFR complex, EGFR activation and cell tumorigenicity. Clinically, PLEKHA7 mRNA is statistically decreased in high grade EOCs respect to low malignant potential and low grade EOCs and correlates with better EOC patient outcome. Conclusions These data represent a significant step towards untangling the role of E-cadherin in EOCs by assessing its positive effects on EGFR/CDK5 signaling and its contribution to cell growth. Hence, the inhibition of this signaling using a CDK5 inhibitor exerts a synergistic effect with cisplatin prompting on the design of new therapeutic strategies to inhibit growth of EOC cells. We assessed for the first time in EOC cells that PLEKHA7 induces changes in the asset of E-cadherin-containing cell-cell contacts thus inhibiting E-cadherin/EGFR crosstalk and leading to a less aggressive tumor phenotype. Accordingly, PLEKHA7 levels are lower in high grade EOC patient tumors and EOC patients with better outcomes display higher PLEKHA7 levels. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s13046-018-0796-1) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katia Rea
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Research, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Roggiani
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Research, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Loris De Cecco
- Genomics, Department of Applied Research and Technology Development, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Maria Luisa Carcangiu
- Unit of Anatomic Pathology I, Deparment of Anatomic Pathology, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Joyce Nair-Menon
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Marina Bagnoli
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Research, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Ileana Bortolomai
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Research, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.,Present address: Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy (SR-TIGET), Division of Regenerative Medicine, Stem Cells and gene Therapy, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Via Olgettina 60, 20132, Milan, Italy.,Department of Cancer Biology, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Delia Mezzanzanica
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Research, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvana Canevari
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Research, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC, 29425, USA
| | - Panos Z Anastasiadis
- Mayo Clinic Comprehensive Cancer Center, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Antonella Tomassetti
- Unit of Molecular Therapies, Department of Research, Via Amadeo 42, 20133, Milan, Italy.
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Nyp MF, Mabry SM, Navarro A, Menden H, Perez RE, Sampath V, Ekekezie II. Lung epithelial-specific TRIP-1 overexpression maintains epithelial integrity during hyperoxia exposure. Physiol Rep 2018; 6:e13585. [PMID: 29484847 PMCID: PMC5827472 DOI: 10.14814/phy2.13585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The onset and degree of injury occurring in animals that develop hyperoxic acute lung injury (HALI) is dependent on age at exposure, suggesting that developmentally regulated pathways/factors must underlie initiation of the epithelial injury and subsequent repair. Type II TGFβ receptor interacting protein-1 (TRIP-1) is a negative regulator of TGFβ signaling, which we have previously shown is a developmentally regulated protein with modulatory effects on epithelial-fibroblastic signaling. The aim of this study was to assess if type II alveolar epithelial cells overexpressing TRIP-1 are protected against hyperoxia-induced epithelial injury, and in turn HALI. Rat lung epithelial cells (RLE) overexpressing TRIP-1 or LacZ were exposed to 85% oxygen for 4 days. A surfactant protein C (SPC)-driven TRIP-1 overexpression mouse (TRIP-1AECTg+ ) was generated and exposed to hyperoxia (>95% for 4 days) at 4 weeks of age to assess the effects TRIP-1 overexpression has on HALI. RLE overexpressing TRIP-1 resisted hyperoxia-induced apoptosis. Mice overexpressing TRIP-1 in their lung type II alveolar epithelial cells (TRIP-1AECTg+ ) showed normal lung development, increased phospho-AKT level and E-cadherin, along with resistance to HALI, as evidence by less TGFβ activation, apoptosis, alveolar macrophage influx, KC expression. Taken together, these findings point to existence of a TRIP-1 mediated molecular pathway affording protection against epithelial/acute lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael F. Nyp
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Sherry M. Mabry
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Angels Navarro
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Heather Menden
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Ricardo E. Perez
- Department of Anatomy and Cell BiologyRush UniversityChicagoIllinois
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
| | - Ikechukwu I. Ekekezie
- Division of NeonatologyDepartment of PediatricsChildren's Mercy Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
- Department of PediatricsUniversity of Missouri Kansas CityKansas CityMissouri
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23
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Aznar N, Sun N, Dunkel Y, Ear J, Buschman MD, Ghosh P. A Daple-Akt feed-forward loop enhances noncanonical Wnt signals by compartmentalizing β-catenin. Mol Biol Cell 2017; 28:3709-3723. [PMID: 29021338 PMCID: PMC5706997 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e17-06-0405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Balance between canonical and noncanonical Wnt pathways controls the β-catenin transcriptional program; how the noncanonical pathway antagonizes the canonical pathway remains unclear. We show that Daple, an enhancer of noncanonical Wnt signals, accomplishes that goal by dictating the subcellular distribution of β-catenin in cells. Cellular proliferation is antagonistically regulated by canonical and noncanonical Wnt signals; their dysbalance triggers cancers. We previously showed that a multimodular signal transducer, Daple, enhances PI3-K→Akt signals within the noncanonical Wnt signaling pathway and antagonistically inhibits canonical Wnt responses. Here we demonstrate that the PI3-K→Akt pathway serves as a positive feedback loop that further enhances noncanonical Wnt signals by compartmentalizing β-catenin. By phosphorylating the phosphoinositide- (PI) binding domain of Daple, Akt abolishes Daple’s ability to bind PI3-P-enriched endosomes that engage dynein motor complex for long-distance trafficking of β-catenin/E-cadherin complexes to pericentriolar recycling endosomes (PCREs). Phosphorylation compartmentalizes Daple/β-catenin/E-cadherin complexes to cell–cell contact sites, enhances noncanonical Wnt signals, and thereby suppresses colony growth. Dephosphorylation compartmentalizes β-catenin on PCREs, a specialized compartment for prolonged unopposed canonical Wnt signaling, and enhances colony growth. Cancer-associated Daple mutants that are insensitive to Akt mimic a constitutively dephosphorylated state. This work not only identifies Daple as a platform for cross-talk between Akt and the noncanonical Wnt pathway but also reveals the impact of such cross-talk on tumor cell phenotypes that are critical for cancer initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Aznar
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Nina Sun
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Ying Dunkel
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Jason Ear
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Matthew D Buschman
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
| | - Pradipta Ghosh
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093 .,Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093.,Moores Cancer Centre, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093
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24
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Kourtidis A, Lu R, Pence LJ, Anastasiadis PZ. A central role for cadherin signaling in cancer. Exp Cell Res 2017; 358:78-85. [PMID: 28412244 PMCID: PMC5544584 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2017.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2017] [Revised: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Cadherins are homophilic adhesion molecules with important functions in cell-cell adhesion, tissue morphogenesis, and cancer. In epithelial cells, E-cadherin accumulates at areas of cell-cell contact, coalesces into macromolecular complexes to form the adherens junctions (AJs), and associates via accessory partners with a subcortical ring of actin to form the apical zonula adherens (ZA). As a master regulator of the epithelial phenotype, E-cadherin is essential for the overall maintenance and homeostasis of polarized epithelial monolayers. Its expression is regulated by a host of genetic and epigenetic mechanisms related to cancer, and its function is modulated by mechanical forces at the junctions, by direct binding and phosphorylation of accessory proteins collectively termed catenins, by endocytosis, recycling and degradation, as well as, by multiple signaling pathways and developmental processes, like the epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). Nuclear signaling mediated by the cadherin associated proteins β-catenin and p120 promotes growth, migration and pluripotency. Receptor tyrosine kinase, PI3K/AKT, Rho GTPase, and HIPPO signaling, are all regulated by E-cadherin mediated cell-cell adhesion. Finally, the recruitment of the microprocessor complex to the ZA by PLEKHA7, and the subsequent regulation of a small subset of miRNAs provide an additional mechanism by which the state of epithelial cell-cell adhesion affects translation of target genes to maintain the homeostasis of polarized epithelial monolayers. Collectively, the data indicate that loss of E-cadherin function, especially at the ZA, is a common and crucial step in cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonis Kourtidis
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, 173 Ashley Avenue, Charleston, SC 29425, USA
| | - Ruifeng Lu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Lindy J Pence
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA
| | - Panos Z Anastasiadis
- Department of Cancer Biology, Mayo Clinic, 4500 San Pablo Road, Jacksonville, FL 32224, USA.
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25
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Yang Y, Du J, Liu F, Wang X, Li X, Li Y. Role of caspase-3/E-cadherin in helicobacter pylori-induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells. Oncotarget 2017; 8:59204-59216. [PMID: 28938629 PMCID: PMC5601725 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.19471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 06/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the role of caspase-3/E-cadherin in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) -induced gastric epithelial apoptosis in cells, animal models and clinical gastritis patients. In cultured gastric mucosal epithelial cells, gastric glandular epithelial cells and C57BL/6 mice, H. pylori infection significantly induced apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells, down-regulated full-length E-cadherin and Bcl-2 expression, and up-regulated cleaved-caspase-3, E-cadherin/carboxy-terminal fragment 3 and Bax expression. Z-DEVD-FMK, an inhibitor of caspase-3, attenuated the effect of H. pylori. E-cadherin overexpression significantly inhibited the apoptosis of GES-1 and SGC-7901 cells induced by the H. pylori. The results from clinical studies also showed down-regulation of E-cadherin, up-regulation of cleaved-caspase-3 expression and increased apoptosis in gastric tissues from gastritis patients with H. pylori infection. These results suggest that the caspase-3/E-cadherin pathway is involved in the apoptosis of gastric epithelial cells induced by H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongmei Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China.,Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Jie Du
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Fen Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Xiaohui Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
| | - Yuanjian Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Science, Central South University, Changsha, China
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26
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Izaguirre MF, Casco VH. E-cadherin roles in animal biology: A perspective on thyroid hormone-influence. Cell Commun Signal 2016; 14:27. [PMID: 27814736 PMCID: PMC5097364 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-016-0150-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The establishment, remodeling and maintenance of tissular architecture during animal development, and even across juvenile to adult life, are deeply regulated by a delicate interplay of extracellular signals, cell membrane receptors and intracellular signal messengers. It is well known that cell adhesion molecules (cell-cell and cell-extracellular matrix) play a critical role in these processes. Particularly, adherens junctions (AJs) mediated by E-cadherin and catenins determine cell-cell contact survival and epithelia function. Consequently, this review seeks to encompass the complex and prolific knowledge about E-cadherin roles during physiological and pathological states, particularly focusing on the influence exerted by the thyroid hormone (TH).
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Affiliation(s)
- María Fernanda Izaguirre
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería (Bioingeniería-Bioinformática), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina
| | - Victor Hugo Casco
- Laboratorio de Microscopia Aplicada a Estudios Moleculares y Celulares, Facultad de Ingeniería (Bioingeniería-Bioinformática), Universidad Nacional de Entre Ríos, Ruta 11, Km 10, Oro Verde, Entre Ríos, Argentina.
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27
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Ma B, Wheeler SE, Clark AM, Whaley DL, Yang M, Wells A. Liver protects metastatic prostate cancer from induced death by activating E-cadherin signaling. Hepatology 2016; 64:1725-1742. [PMID: 27482645 PMCID: PMC5074910 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 07/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Liver is one of the most common sites of cancer metastasis. Once disseminated, the prognosis is poor as these tumors often display generalized chemoresistance, particularly for carcinomas that derive not from the aerodigestive tract. When these cancers seed the liver, the aggressive cells usually undergo a mesenchymal to epithelial reverting transition that both aids colonization and renders the tumor cells chemoresistant. In vitro studies demonstrate that hepatocytes drive this phenotypic shift. However, the in vivo evidence and the molecular signals that protect these cells from induced death are yet to be defined. Herein, we report that membrane surface E-cadherin-expressing prostate cancer cells were resistant to cell death by chemotherapeutic drugs but E-cadherin null cells or those expressing E-cadherin only in the cytoplasm were sensitive to death signals and chemotherapies both in vitro and in vivo. While cell-cell E-cadherin ligandation reduced mitogenesis, this chemoprotection was proliferation-independent as killing of both 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-positive (or Ki67+ ) and 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine-negative (Ki67- ) cells was inversely related to membrane-bound E-cadherin. Inhibiting the canonical survival kinases extracellular signal-regulated protein kinases, protein kinase B, and Janus kinase, which are activated by chemotherapeutics in epithelial cell-transitioned prostate cancer, abrogated the chemoresistance both in cell culture and in animal models of metastatic cancer. For disseminated tumors, protein kinase B disruption in itself had no effect on tumor survival but was synergistic with chemotherapy, leading to increased killing. CONCLUSION Liver microenvironment-driven phenotypic switching of carcinoma cells and subsequent survival signaling results in activation of canonical survival pathways that protect the disseminated prostate cancer liver micrometastases in a proliferation-independent manner, and these pathways can be targeted as an adjuvant treatment to improve the efficacy of traditional chemotherapeutics (Hepatology 2016;64:1725-1742).
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Ma
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Sarah E. Wheeler
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Amanda M. Clark
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Diana L. Whaley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA,Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Min Yang
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA. .,Pittsburgh VA Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA. .,University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, PA.
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28
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Erdem C, Nagle AM, Casa AJ, Litzenburger BC, Wang YF, Taylor DL, Lee AV, Lezon TR. Proteomic Screening and Lasso Regression Reveal Differential Signaling in Insulin and Insulin-like Growth Factor I (IGF1) Pathways. Mol Cell Proteomics 2016; 15:3045-57. [PMID: 27364358 PMCID: PMC5013316 DOI: 10.1074/mcp.m115.057729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2015] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Insulin and insulin-like growth factor I (IGF1) influence cancer risk and progression through poorly understood mechanisms. To better understand the roles of insulin and IGF1 signaling in breast cancer, we combined proteomic screening with computational network inference to uncover differences in IGF1 and insulin induced signaling. Using reverse phase protein array, we measured the levels of 134 proteins in 21 breast cancer cell lines stimulated with IGF1 or insulin for up to 48 h. We then constructed directed protein expression networks using three separate methods: (i) lasso regression, (ii) conventional matrix inversion, and (iii) entropy maximization. These networks, named here as the time translation models, were analyzed and the inferred interactions were ranked by differential magnitude to identify pathway differences. The two top candidates, chosen for experimental validation, were shown to regulate IGF1/insulin induced phosphorylation events. First, acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) knock-down was shown to increase the level of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) phosphorylation. Second, stable knock-down of E-Cadherin increased the phospho-Akt protein levels. Both of the knock-down perturbations incurred phosphorylation responses stronger in IGF1 stimulated cells compared with insulin. Overall, the time-translation modeling coupled to wet-lab experiments has proven to be powerful in inferring differential interactions downstream of IGF1 and insulin signaling, in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cemal Erdem
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Alison M Nagle
- ¶Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‖Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Angelo J Casa
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Beate C Litzenburger
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - Yu-Fen Wang
- **Lester and Sue Smith Breast Center, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas
| | - D Lansing Taylor
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Adrian V Lee
- ¶Department of Pharmacology & Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‖Women's Cancer Research Center, University of Pittsburgh Cancer Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; ‡‡Department of Human Genetics, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Timothy R Lezon
- From the ‡Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania; §University of Pittsburgh Drug Discovery Institute, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania;
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29
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Eder T, Weber A, Neuwirt H, Grünbacher G, Ploner C, Klocker H, Sampson N, Eder IE. Cancer-Associated Fibroblasts Modify the Response of Prostate Cancer Cells to Androgen and Anti-Androgens in Three-Dimensional Spheroid Culture. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:E1458. [PMID: 27598125 PMCID: PMC5037737 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17091458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2016] [Revised: 08/26/2016] [Accepted: 08/26/2016] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Androgen receptor (AR) targeting remains the gold standard treatment for advanced prostate cancer (PCa); however, treatment resistance remains a major clinical problem. To study the therapeutic effects of clinically used anti-androgens we characterized herein a tissue-mimetic three-dimensional (3D) in vitro model whereby PCa cells were cultured alone or with PCa-associated fibroblasts (CAFs). Notably, the ratio of PCa cells to CAFs significantly increased in time in favor of the tumor cells within the spheroids strongly mimicking PCa in vivo. Despite this loss of CAFs, the stromal cells, which were not sensitive to androgen and even stimulated by the anti-androgens, significantly influenced the sensitivity of PCa cells to androgen and to the anti-androgens bicalutamide and enzalutamide. In particular, DuCaP cells lost sensitivity to enzalutamide when co-cultured with CAFs. In LAPC4/CAF and LNCaP/CAF co-culture spheroids the impact of the CAFs was less pronounced. In addition, 3D spheroids exhibited a significant increase in E-cadherin and substantial expression of vimentin in co-culture spheroids, whereas AR levels remained unchanged or even decreased. In LNCaP/CAF spheroids we further found increased Akt signaling that could be inhibited by the phosphatidyl-inositol 3 kinase (PI3K) inhibitor LY294002, thereby overcoming the anti-androgen resistance of the spheroids. Our data show that CAFs influence drug response of PCa cells with varying impact and further suggest this spheroid model is a valuable in vitro drug testing tool.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theresa Eder
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
- Translational Radio Oncology Laboratory, Department of Radio oncology and Radiotherapy, Charité University Hospital, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
- German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg and German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) Partner Site, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Anja Weber
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Hannes Neuwirt
- Department of Internal Medicine IV-Nephrology and Hypertension, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Georg Grünbacher
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Christian Ploner
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive & Aesthetic Surgery, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Helmut Klocker
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Natalie Sampson
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Iris E Eder
- Division of Experimental Urology, Department of Urology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria.
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30
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Seidelin JB. Regulation of antiapoptotic and cytoprotective pathways in colonic epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis. Scand J Gastroenterol 2016; 50 Suppl 1:1-29. [PMID: 26513451 DOI: 10.3109/00365521.2016.1101245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis is an inflammatory bowel disease involving the colon resulting in bloody diarrhea and increased risk of colorectal cancer in certain patient subgroups. Increased apoptosis in the epithelial cell layer causes increased permeability, especially during flares; this leads to translocation of luminal pathogens resulting in a continued inflammatory drive. The present work investigates how epithelial apoptosis is regulated in ulcerative colitis. The main results are that Fas mediated apoptosis is inhibited during flares of ulcerative colitis, probably by an upregulation of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis protein 2 (cIAP2) and cellular FLICE-like inhibitory protein. cIAP2 is upregulated in regenerative epithelial cells both in ulcerative colitis and in experimental intestinal wounds. Inhibition of cIAP2 decreases wound healing in vitro possibly through inhibition of migration. Altogether, it is shown that epithelial cells in ulcerative colitis responds to the hostile microenvironment by activation of cytoprotective pathways that tend to counteract the cytotoxic effects of inflammation. However, the present studies also show that epithelial cells produce increased amounts of reactive oxygen species during stimulation with tumor necrosis factor-α and interferon-γ resulting in DNA instability. The combined effect of increased DNA-instability and decreased apoptosis responses could lead to neoplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakob B Seidelin
- a Department of Gastroenterology, Medical Section , Herlev Hospital, University of Copenhagen , Herlev , Denmark
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31
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Zhang Y, Mao H, Gao C, Li S, Shuai Q, Xu J, Xu K, Cao L, Lang R, Gu Z, Akaike T, Yang J. Enhanced Biological Functions of Human Mesenchymal Stem-Cell Aggregates Incorporating E-Cadherin-Modified PLGA Microparticles. Adv Healthc Mater 2016; 5:1949-59. [PMID: 27245478 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201600114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as a promising source of multipotent cells for various cell-based therapies due to their unique properties, and formation of 3D MSC aggregates has been explored as a potential strategy to enhance therapeutic efficacy. In this study, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microparticles modified with human E-cadherin fusion protein (hE-cad-PLGA microparticles) have been fabricated and integrated with human MSCs to form 3D cell aggregates. The results show that, compared with the plain PLGA, the hE-cad-PLGA microparticles distribute within the aggregates more evenly and further result in a more significant improvement of cellular proliferation and secretion of a series of bioactive factors due to the synergistic effects from the bioactive E-cadherin fragments and the PLGA microparticles. Meanwhile, the hE-cad-PLGA microparticles incorporated in the aggregates upregulate the phosphorylation of epidermal growth factor receptors and activate the AKT and ERK1/2 signaling pathways in the MSCs. Additionally, the E-cadherin/β-catenin cellular membrane complex in the MSCs is markedly stimulated by the hE-cad-PLGA microparticles. Therefore, engineering 3D cell aggregates with hE-cad-PLGA microparticles can be a promising method for ex vivo multipotent stem-cell expansion with enhanced biological functions and may offer a novel route to expand multipotent stem-cell-based clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Hongli Mao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
- Nano Medical Engineering Laboratory; RIKEN; 2-1 Hirosawa Wako Saitama 351-0198 Japan
| | - Chao Gao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Suhua Li
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Qizhi Shuai
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Jianbin Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ke Xu
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Lei Cao
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
| | - Ren Lang
- Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery; Beijing Chaoyang Hospital; Capital Medical University; Beijing 100020 China
| | - Zhongwei Gu
- National Engineering Research Center for Biomaterials; Sichuan University; Chengdu 610064 China
| | - Toshihiro Akaike
- Biomaterials Center for Regenerative Medical Engineering; Foundation for Advancement of International Science; 24-16, kasuga, 3-chome Tsukuba 305-0821 Japan
| | - Jun Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Bioactive Materials; Ministry of Education; College of Life Science; Nankai University; Tianjin 300071 China
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32
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Abstract
Communication between cells in a multicellular organism occurs by the production of ligands (proteins, peptides, fatty acids, steroids, gases, and other low-molecular-weight compounds) that are either secreted by cells or presented on their surface, and act on receptors on, or in, other target cells. Such signals control cell growth, migration, survival, and differentiation. Signaling receptors can be single-span plasma membrane receptors associated with tyrosine or serine/threonine kinase activities, proteins with seven transmembrane domains, or intracellular receptors. Ligand-activated receptors convey signals into the cell by activating signaling pathways that ultimately affect cytosolic machineries or nuclear transcriptional programs or by directly translocating to the nucleus to regulate transcription.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carl-Henrik Heldin
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Science for Life Laboratory, Uppsala University, SE-75124 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Benson Lu
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - Ron Evans
- The Salk Institute for Biological Studies, Gene Expression Laboratory, La Jolla, California 92037
| | - J Silvio Gutkind
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892-4340
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33
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Nakashima Y, Omasa T. What Kind of Signaling Maintains Pluripotency and Viability in Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Cultured on Laminin-511 with Serum-Free Medium? Biores Open Access 2016; 5:84-93. [PMID: 27096107 PMCID: PMC4834485 DOI: 10.1089/biores.2016.0001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xeno-free medium contains no animal-derived components, but is composed of minimal growth factors and is serum free; the medium may be supplemented with insulin, transferrin, and selenium (ITS medium). Serum-free and xeno-free culture of human-induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) uses a variety of components based on ITS medium and Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/Ham's nutrient mixture F12 (DMEM/F12) that contain high levels of iron salt and glucose. Culture of hiPSCs also requires scaffolding materials, such as extracellular matrix, collagen, fibronectin, laminin, proteoglycan, and vitronectin. The scaffolding component laminin-511, which is composed of α5, β1, and γ1 chains, binds to α3β1, α6β1, and α6β4 integrins on the cell membrane to induce activation of the PI3K/AKT- and Ras/MAPK-dependent signaling pathways. In hiPSCs, the interaction of laminin-511/α6β1 integrin with the cell–cell adhesion molecule E-cadherin confers protection against apoptosis through the Ras homolog gene family member A (RhoA)/Rho kinase (ROCK) signaling pathway (the major pathways for cell death) and the proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase Fyn (Fyn)-RhoA-ROCK signaling pathway. The expression levels of α6β1 integrin and E-cadherin on cell membranes are controlled through the activation of insulin receptor/insulin, FGF receptor/FGF2, or activin-like kinase 5 (ALK5)-dependent TGF-β signaling. A combination of growth factors, medium constituents, cell membrane-located E-cadherin, and α6β1 integrin-induced signaling is required for pluripotent cell proliferation and for optimal cell survival on a laminin-511 scaffold. In this review, we discuss and explore the influence of growth factors on the cadherin and integrin signaling pathways in serum-free and xeno-free cultures of hiPSCs during the preparation of products for regenerative medicinal therapies. In addition, we suggest the optimum serum-free medium components for use with laminin-511, a new scaffold for hiPSC culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Nakashima
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
| | - Takeshi Omasa
- Department of Material and Life Science, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University , Osaka, Japan
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Hu QP, Kuang JY, Yang QK, Bian XW, Yu SC. Beyond a tumor suppressor: Soluble E-cadherin promotes the progression of cancer. Int J Cancer 2016; 138:2804-12. [PMID: 26704932 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.29982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
E-cadherin (E-cad) plays important roles in tumorigenesis as well as in tumor progression, invasion and metastasis. This protein exists in two forms: a membrane-tethered form and a soluble form. Full-length E-cad is membrane tethered. As a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, E-cad mainly mediates adherens junctions between cells and is involved in maintaining the normal structure of epithelial tissues. Soluble E-cad (sE-cad) is the extracellular fragment of the protein that is cleaved from the membrane after proteolysis of full-length E-cad. The production of sE-cad undermines adherens junctions, causing a reduction in cell aggregation capacity; furthermore, sE-cad can diffuse into the extracellular environment and the blood. As a paracrine/autocrine signaling molecule, sE-cad activates or inhibits multiple signaling pathways and participates in the progression of various types of cancer, such as breast cancer, ovarian cancer, and lung cancer, by promoting invasion and metastasis. This article briefly reviews the role of sE-cad in tumorigenesis and tumor progression and its significance in clinical therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Ping Hu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Jing-Ya Kuang
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Qing-Kai Yang
- Department of Oncology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of DaLian Medical University, Institute of Cancer Stem Cell, DaLian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116044, China
| | - Xiu-Wu Bian
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
| | - Shi-Cang Yu
- Institute of Pathology and Southwest Cancer Center, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, 400038, China
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Zhang Y, Mao H, Qian M, Hu F, Cao L, Xu K, Shuai Q, Gao C, Lang R, Akaike T, Yang J. Surface modification with E-cadherin fusion protein for mesenchymal stem cell culture. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:4267-4277. [PMID: 32263408 DOI: 10.1039/c6tb00765a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
To effectively expand human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) in vitro without affecting their innate biological properties, a fusion protein (hE-cad-Fc) was fabricated and used as a biomimetic matrix for MSC culture surface modification.
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Abstract
Cadherin-catenin complexes are critical for the assembly of cell-cell adhesion structures known as adherens junctions. In addition to the mechanical linkage of neighboring cells to each other, these cell-cell adhesion protein complexes have recently emerged as important sensors and transmitters of the extracellular cues inside the cell body and into the nucleus. In the past few years, multiple studies have identified a connection between the cadherin-catenin protein complexes and major intracellular signaling pathways. Those studies are the main focus of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Klezovitch
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Valeri Vasioukhin
- Division of Human Biology, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA ; Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA ; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
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E-cadherin junctions as active mechanical integrators in tissue dynamics. Nat Cell Biol 2015; 17:533-9. [PMID: 25925582 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 356] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
During epithelial morphogenesis, E-cadherin adhesive junctions play an important part in mechanically coupling the contractile cortices of cells together, thereby distributing the stresses that drive cell rearrangements at both local and tissue levels. Here we discuss the concept that cellular contractility and E-cadherin-based adhesion are functionally integrated by biomechanical feedback pathways that operate on molecular, cellular and tissue scales.
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Rayavarapu RR, Heiden B, Pagani N, Shaw MM, Shuff S, Zhang S, Schafer ZT. The role of multicellular aggregation in the survival of ErbB2-positive breast cancer cells during extracellular matrix detachment. J Biol Chem 2015; 290:8722-33. [PMID: 25681438 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.612754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The metastasis of cancer cells from the site of the primary tumor to distant sites in the body represents the most deadly manifestation of cancer. In order for metastasis to occur, cancer cells need to evade anoikis, which is defined as apoptosis caused by loss of attachment to extracellular matrix (ECM). Signaling from ErbB2 has previously been linked to the evasion of anoikis in breast cancer cells but the precise molecular mechanisms by which ErbB2 blocks anoikis have yet to be unveiled. In this study, we have identified a novel mechanism by which anoikis is inhibited in ErbB2-expressing cells: multicellular aggregation during ECM-detachment. Our data demonstrate that disruption of aggregation in ErbB2-positive cells is sufficient to induce anoikis and that this anoikis inhibition is a result of aggregation-induced stabilization of EGFR and consequent ERK/MAPK survival signaling. Furthermore, these data suggest that ECM-detached ErbB2-expressing cells may be uniquely susceptible to targeted therapy against EGFR and that this sensitivity could be exploited for specific elimination of ECM-detached cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raju R Rayavarapu
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Brendan Heiden
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Nicholas Pagani
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Melissa M Shaw
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Sydney Shuff
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Siyuan Zhang
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
| | - Zachary T Schafer
- From the Department of Biological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556
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Abstract
The arrival of multicellularity in evolution facilitated cell-cell signaling in conjunction with adhesion. As the ectodomains of cadherins interact with each other directly in trans (as well as in cis), spanning the plasma membrane and associating with multiple other entities, cadherins enable the transduction of "outside-in" or "inside-out" signals. We focus this review on signals that originate from the larger family of cadherins that are inwardly directed to the nucleus, and thus have roles in gene control or nuclear structure-function. The nature of cadherin complexes varies considerably depending on the type of cadherin and its context, and we will address some of these variables for classical cadherins versus other family members. Substantial but still fragmentary progress has been made in understanding the signaling mediators used by varied cadherin complexes to coordinate the state of cell-cell adhesion with gene expression. Evidence that cadherin intracellular binding partners also localize to the nucleus is a major point of interest. In some models, catenins show reduced binding to cadherin cytoplasmic tails favoring their engagement in gene control. When bound, cadherins may serve as stoichiometric competitors of nuclear signals. Cadherins also directly or indirectly affect numerous signaling pathways (e.g., Wnt, receptor tyrosine kinase, Hippo, NFκB, and JAK/STAT), enabling cell-cell contacts to touch upon multiple biological outcomes in embryonic development and tissue homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre D McCrea
- Department of Genetics, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center; Program in Genes & Development, Graduate School in Biomedical Sciences, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Meghan T Maher
- Department of Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Cara J Gottardi
- Cellular and Molecular Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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Mezquita B, Pineda E, Mezquita J, Mezquita P, Pau M, Codony-Servat J, Martínez-Balibrea E, Mora C, Maurel J, Mezquita C. LoVo colon cancer cells resistant to oxaliplatin overexpress c-MET and VEGFR-1 and respond to VEGF with dephosphorylation of c-MET. Mol Carcinog 2015; 55:411-9. [DOI: 10.1002/mc.22289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2014] [Revised: 12/05/2014] [Accepted: 12/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Belén Mezquita
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I. Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
- Departament de Ciències Bàsiques; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - Estela Pineda
- Medical Oncology Department; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jovita Mezquita
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I. Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Pau Mezquita
- Departament de Ciències Bàsiques; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - Montserrat Pau
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I. Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Jordi Codony-Servat
- Medical Oncology Department; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Eva Martínez-Balibrea
- Medical Oncology Service; Institut Català d'Oncologia-Hospital Germans Trias i Pujol; Badalona Spain
| | - Conchi Mora
- Departament de Medicina Experimental; Universitat de Lleida, Alcalde Rovira Roure; Lleida Spain
| | - Joan Maurel
- Medical Oncology Department; Hospital Clínic; University of Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
| | - Cristóbal Mezquita
- Departament de Ciències Fisiològiques I. Laboratori de Genètica Molecular, IDIBAPS, Facultat de Medicina; Universitat de Barcelona; Barcelona Spain
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Du W, Liu X, Fan G, Zhao X, Sun Y, Wang T, Zhao R, Wang G, Zhao C, Zhu Y, Ye F, Jin X, Zhang F, Zhong Z, Li X. From cell membrane to the nucleus: an emerging role of E-cadherin in gene transcriptional regulation. J Cell Mol Med 2014; 18:1712-9. [PMID: 25164084 PMCID: PMC4196647 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.12340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/05/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
E-cadherin is a well-known mediator of cell–cell adherens junctions. However, many other functions of E-cadherin have been reported. Collectively, the available data suggest that E-cadherin may also act as a gene transcriptional regulator. Here, evidence supporting this claim is reviewed, and possible mechanisms of action are discussed. E-cadherin has been shown to modulate the activity of several notable cell signalling pathways, and given that most of these pathways in turn regulate gene expression, we proposed that E-cadherin may regulate gene transcription by affecting these pathways. Additionally, E-cadherin has been shown to accumulate in the nucleus where documentation of an E-cadherin fragment bound to DNA suggests that E-cadherin may directly regulate gene transcription. In summary, from the cell membrane to the nucleus, a role for E-cadherin in gene transcription may be emerging. Studies specifically focused on this potential role would allow for a more thorough understanding of this transmembrane glycoprotein in mediating intra- and intercellular activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenjun Du
- Department of Digestion, Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong Province, China
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BRCA1-IRIS inactivation sensitizes ovarian tumors to cisplatin. Oncogene 2014; 34:3036-52. [PMID: 25132263 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2014.237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2014] [Revised: 06/25/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian cancer is the first in mortalities among gynecologic cancers in the United States, often due to late diagnosis and/or acquired platinum-resistant recurrences. This study investigates whether BRCA1-IRIS is a novel treatment target for ovarian cancers and in platinum-resistant recurrences. Here we show that more than half of the ovarian cancer samples analyzed showed BRCA1-IRIS and survivin overexpression and lacked nuclear FOXO3a expression. Normal ovarian epithelial cells overexpressing BRCA1-IRIS formed metastasis in mice when injected in the peritoneal cavity, whereas aggressive ovarian cancer cell lines failed to form tumors or metastases in mice when BRCA1-IRIS was silenced in them. We show that BRCA1-IRIS activates two autocrine signaling loops, brain-derived neurotrophic factor/tyrosine kinase B receptor (BDNF/TrkB) and neuregulin 1 (NRG1)/ErbB2. These loops are involved in anoikis resistance and metastasis promotion. These loops operate in several ovarian cancer cell lines, and BRCA1-IRIS silencing or inactivation using a novel inhibitory peptide renders both non-functional and promoted cell death. In a mouse xenograft model, BRCA1-IRIS inactivation using this novel inhibitory peptide resulted in significant reduction in ovarian tumor growth. More importantly, this treatment sensitized ovarian tumors to low cisplatin concentrations. Taken together, these data strongly suggest that BRCA1-IRIS and/or BDNF/TrkB and NRG1/ErbB2 could serve as rational therapeutic targets for advanced ovarian cancers.
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43
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Rodriguez-Boulan E, Macara IG. Organization and execution of the epithelial polarity programme. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2014; 15:225-42. [PMID: 24651541 DOI: 10.1038/nrm3775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 500] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Epithelial cells require apical-basal plasma membrane polarity to carry out crucial vectorial transport functions and cytoplasmic polarity to generate different cell progenies for tissue morphogenesis. The establishment and maintenance of a polarized epithelial cell with apical, basolateral and ciliary surface domains is guided by an epithelial polarity programme (EPP) that is controlled by a network of protein and lipid regulators. The EPP is organized in response to extracellular cues and is executed through the establishment of an apical-basal axis, intercellular junctions, epithelial-specific cytoskeletal rearrangements and a polarized trafficking machinery. Recent studies have provided insight into the interactions of the EPP with the polarized trafficking machinery and how these regulate epithelial polarization and depolarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enrique Rodriguez-Boulan
- Margaret Dyson Vision Research Institute, Weill Cornell Medical College, 1300 York Avenue, LC-301 New York City, New York 10065, USA
| | - Ian G Macara
- Department of Cell & Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, 465 21st Avenue South, U 3209 MRB III, Nashville Tennessee 37232, USA
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Magi S, Saeki Y, Kasamatsu M, Tashiro E, Imoto M. Chemical genomic-based pathway analyses for epidermal growth factor-mediated signaling in migrating cancer cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e96776. [PMID: 24820097 PMCID: PMC4018296 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0096776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To explore the diversity and consistency of the signaling pathways that regulate tumor cell migration, we chose three human tumor cell lines that migrated after treatment with EGF. We then quantified the effect of fifteen inhibitors on the levels of expression or the phosphorylation levels of nine proteins that were induced by EGF stimulation in each of these cell lines. Based on the data obtained in this study and chemical-biological assumptions, we deduced cell migration pathways in each tumor cell line, and then compared them. As a result, we found that both the MEK/ERK and JNK/c-Jun pathways were activated in all three migrating cell lines. Moreover, GSK-3 and p38 were found to regulate PI3K/Akt pathway in only EC109 cells, and JNK was found to crosstalk with p38 and Fos related pathway in only TT cells. Taken together, our analytical system could easily distinguish between the common and cell type-specific pathways responsible for tumor cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigeyuki Magi
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Yuya Saeki
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masato Kasamatsu
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Etsu Tashiro
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
| | - Masaya Imoto
- Department of Biosciences and Informatics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Keio University, Yokohama, Kanagawa Japan
- * E-mail:
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Bodnar L, Stanczak A, Cierniak S, Smoter M, Cichowicz M, Kozlowski W, Szczylik C, Wieczorek M, Lamparska-Przybysz M. Wnt/β-catenin pathway as a potential prognostic and predictive marker in patients with advanced ovarian cancer. J Ovarian Res 2014; 7:16. [PMID: 24499657 PMCID: PMC3926861 DOI: 10.1186/1757-2215-7-16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Accepted: 01/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background β-catenin is the key protein in the WNT signalling pathway and it forms adherent junctions together with E-cadherin. In ovarian carcinoma, abnormal expression of β-catenin, E-cadherin and WNT-1 was observed, but their prognostic and predictive role is unclear. The aim of this study was to clarify the prognostic and predictive role of E-cadherin, β-catenin and WNT-1 in advanced epithelial ovarian carcinoma (AEOC). Methods The expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin and WNT-1 was determined by immunohistochemistry in AEOC. The correlation between expression of these proteins and progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) was evaluated. Statistical analyses included Kaplan-Meier estimation, log-rank test, Spearman correlation and Cox proportional-hazards model. Results In ovarian cancer, intense expression of E-cadherin, β-catenin and WNT-1 was found. In multivariate analysis, strong membrane β-catenin expression was an independent unfavourable predictor for PFS (HR 2.19, 95% CI 1.09-4.39; p = 0.028), while in univariate analysis, strong membrane β-catenin expression was a prognostic factor for OS in patients with AOC (p = 0.039). In multivariate analysis, only resistance to first-line chemotherapy was an adverse independent prognostic factor for OS (HR 16.84; 95% CI 5.07-55.98; p < 0.0001). Additionally, strong membranous β-catenin expression was associated with resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy (p = 0.027). Conclusions These findings support that WNT/β-catenin pathway and E-cadherin are important factors in advanced epithelial ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lubomir Bodnar
- Department of Oncology, Military Institute of Medicine in Warsaw, 128 Szaserów Street, 04-141 Warsaw, Poland.
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Andersen MN, Krzystanek K, Petersen F, Bomholtz SH, Olesen SP, Abriel H, Jespersen T, Rasmussen HB. A phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase 1 (SGK1) pathway promotes Kv7.1 channel surface expression by inhibiting Nedd4-2 protein. J Biol Chem 2013; 288:36841-54. [PMID: 24214981 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.525931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial cell polarization involves several kinase signaling cascades that eventually divide the surface membrane into an apical and a basolateral part. One kinase, which is activated during the polarization process, is phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K). In MDCK cells, the basolateral potassium channel Kv7.1 requires PI3K activity for surface-expression during the polarization process. Here, we demonstrate that Kv7.1 surface expression requires tonic PI3K activity as PI3K inhibition triggers endocytosis of these channels in polarized MDCK. Pharmacological inhibition of SGK1 gave similar results as PI3K inhibition, whereas overexpression of constitutively active SGK1 overruled it, suggesting that SGK1 is the primary downstream target of PI3K in this process. Furthermore, knockdown of the ubiquitin ligase Nedd4-2 overruled PI3K inhibition, whereas a Nedd4-2 interaction-deficient Kv7.1 mutant was resistant to both PI3K and SGK1 inhibition. Altogether, these data suggest that a PI3K-SGK1 pathway stabilizes Kv7.1 surface expression by inhibiting Nedd4-2-dependent endocytosis and thereby demonstrates that Nedd4-2 is a key regulator of Kv7.1 localization and turnover in epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Nybo Andersen
- From The Danish National Research Foundation Centre for Cardiac Arrhythmia, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3, 2200 Copenhagen N, Denmark and
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Tu CL, Bikle DD. Role of the calcium-sensing receptor in calcium regulation of epidermal differentiation and function. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2013; 27:415-27. [PMID: 23856269 PMCID: PMC3713412 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The epidermis is a stratified squamous epithelium composed of proliferating basal and differentiated suprabasal keratinocytes. It serves as the body's major physical and chemical barrier against infection and harsh environmental insults, as well as preventing excess water loss from the body into the atmosphere. Calcium is a key regulator of the proliferation and differentiation in keratinocytes. Elevated extracellular Ca(2+) concentration ([Ca(2+)]o) raises the levels of intracellular free calcium ([Ca(2+)]i), promotes cell-cell adhesion, and activates differentiation-related genes. Keratinocytes deficient in the calcium-sensing receptor fail to respond to [Ca(2+)]o stimulation and to differentiate, indicating a role for the calcium-sensing receptor in transducing the [Ca(2+)]o signal during differentiation. The concepts derived from in vitro gene knockdown experiments have been evaluated and confirmed in three mouse models in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chia-Ling Tu
- Endocrine Unit, Veterans Affair Medical Center and The University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
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Nakamoto K, Nagahara H, Maeda K, Noda E, Inoue T, Yashiro M, Nishiguchi Y, Ohira M, Hirakawa K. Expression of E-cadherin and KRAS mutation may serve as biomarkers of cetuximab-based therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer. Oncol Lett 2013; 5:1295-1300. [PMID: 23599782 PMCID: PMC3629210 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2013.1187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cetuximab (Cmab), a chimeric monoclonal antibody for targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor, has become one of the standard treatments for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, only a small proportion of patients respond to Cmab, and it has been reported that KRAS mutation is a negative biomarker of response to Cmab therapy. The aim of this study was to detect additional biomarkers of response to Cmab therapy in patients with mCRC. We evaluated the effects of Cmab therapy in 36 patients with mCRC according to the Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors, and classified patients who achieved complete response, partial response or stable disease as responders, and patients who achieved progressive disease as non-responders. We retrospectively examined the difference between the two groups using KRAS analysis and immunohistochemistry to determine the expression of E-cadherin, p53 and Ki67. Nineteen patients were responders, while 17 patients were non-responders. KRAS status and expression of E-cadherin were significantly correlated with the effect of Cmab therapy. Moreover, the expression of E-cadherin was significantly correlated with the effect of Cmab therapy in KRAS wild-type patients. In KRAS mutant-type patients, the expression of E-cadherin did not significantly correlate with the effect of Cmab therapy, but all responders with KRAS mutant-type tumors expressed E-cadherin. Our results indicate that the expression of E-cadherin detected by immunohistochemistry may be a positive predictor of Cmab-based therapy in mCRC, and that a combination of E-cadherin immunohistochemistry and KRAS analysis may be a more sensitive biomarker than KRAS analysis alone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Nakamoto
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Osaka City University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka 545-8585, Japan
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Ratheesh A, Priya R, Yap AS. Coordinating Rho and Rac: the regulation of Rho GTPase signaling and cadherin junctions. PROGRESS IN MOLECULAR BIOLOGY AND TRANSLATIONAL SCIENCE 2013; 116:49-68. [PMID: 23481190 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-394311-8.00003-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cadherin-based cell-cell adhesions are dynamic structures that mediate tissue organization and morphogenesis. They link cells together, mediate cell-cell recognition, and influence cell shape, motility, proliferation, and differentiation. At the cellular level, operation of classical cadherin adhesion systems is coordinated with cytoskeletal dynamics, contractility, and membrane trafficking to support productive interactions. Cadherin-based cell signaling is critical for the coordination of these many cellular processes. Here, we discuss the role of Rho family GTPases in cadherin signaling. We focus on understanding the pathways that utilize Rac and Rho in junctional biology, aiming to identify the mechanisms of upstream regulation and define how the effects of these activated GTPases might regulate the actin cytoskeleton to modulate the cellular processes involved in cadherin-based cell-cell interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Ratheesh
- Division of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Brisbane, Australia
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Saito M, Tucker DK, Kohlhorst D, Niessen CM, Kowalczyk AP. Classical and desmosomal cadherins at a glance. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:2547-52. [PMID: 22833291 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.066654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Masataka Saito
- Department of Cell Biology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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