1
|
Pourbagher-Shahri AM, Farkhondeh T, Ashrafizadeh M, Talebi M, Samargahndian S. Curcumin and cardiovascular diseases: Focus on cellular targets and cascades. Biomed Pharmacother 2021; 136:111214. [PMID: 33450488 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.111214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 12/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are one of the leading causes of the most considerable mortality globally, and it has been tried to find the molecular mechanisms and design new drugs that triggered the molecular target. Curcumin is the main ingredient of Curcuma longa (turmeric) that has been used in traditional medicine for treating several diseases for years. Numerous investigations have indicated the beneficial effect of Curcumin in modulating multiple signaling pathways involved in oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and proliferation. The cardiovascular protective effects of Curcumin against CVDs have been indicated in several studies. In the current review study, we provided novel information on Curcumin's protective effects against various CVDs and potential molecular signaling targets of Curcumin. Nonetheless, more studies should be performed to discover the exact molecular target of Curcumin against CVDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahereh Farkhondeh
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences (BUMS), Birjand, Iran; Faculty of Pharmacy, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Sabanci University, Orta Mahalle, Üniversite Caddesi No. 27, Orhanlı, Tuzla, 34956 Istanbul, Turkey; Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center (SUNUM), Tuzla, 34956, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Marjan Talebi
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, 19968 35115, Iran
| | - Saeed Samargahndian
- Noncommunicable Diseases Research Center, Neyshabur University of Medical Sciences, Neyshabur, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Hernández M, Wicz S, Santamaría MH, Corral RS. Curcumin exerts anti-inflammatory and vasoprotective effects through amelioration of NFAT-dependent endothelin-1 production in mice with acute Chagas cardiomyopathy. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2018; 113:e180171. [PMID: 30020318 PMCID: PMC6048587 DOI: 10.1590/0074-02760180171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The anti-inflammatory and cardioprotective properties of curcumin (Cur), a natural polyphenolic flavonoid isolated from the rhizomes of Curcuma longa, are increasingly considered to have beneficial effects on the progression of Chagas heart disease, caused by the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of oral therapy with Cur on T. cruzi-mediated cardiovasculopathy in acutely infected mice and analyse the in vitro response of parasite-infected human microvascular endothelial cells treated with this phytochemical. METHODS Inflammation of heart vessels from Cur-treated and untreated infected mice were analysed by histology, with benznidazole (Bz) as the reference compound. Parasitaemia was monitored by the direct method. Capillary permeability was visualised by Evans-blue assay. Myocardial ET-1, IL-6, and TNF-α mRNA expressions were measured by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Microvascular endothelial HMEC-1 cells were infected in vitro with or without addition of Cur or Bz. Induction of the Ca2+/NFAT pathway was assessed by fluorometry, immunoblotting, and reporter assay. FINDINGS Oral Cur therapy of recently infected mice reduced inflammatory cell infiltration of myocardial arteries without lowering parasite levels. Compared to that of the phosphate-buffered saline-receiving group, hearts from Cur-treated mice showed significantly decreased vessel inflammation scores (p < 0.001), vascular permeabilities (p < 0.001), and levels of IL-6/TNF-α (p < 0.01) and ET-1 (p < 0.05) mRNA. Moreover, Cur significantly (p < 0.05 for transcript; p < 0.01 for peptide) downregulated ET-1 secretion from infected HMEC-1 cells. Remarkably, Cur addition significantly (p < 0.05 at 27.0 μM) interfered with T. cruzi-dependent activation of the Ca2+/NFATc1 signalling pathway that promotes generation of inflammatory agents in HMEC-1 cells. CONCLUSIONS Oral treatment with Cur dampens cardiovasculopathy in acute Chagas mice. Cur impairs the Ca2+/NFATc1-regulated release of ET-1 from T. cruzi-infected vascular endothelium. These findings identify new perspectives for exploring the potential of Cur-based interventions to ameliorate Chagas heart disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matías Hernández
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Susana Wicz
- Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Laboratorio de Biomedicina Molecular, San Luis, Argentina
| | - Miguel H Santamaría
- Centro de Estudios Metabólicos, Laboratorio de Biología Experimental, Santander, Spain
| | - Ricardo S Corral
- Hospital de Niños Dr Ricardo Gutiérrez, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Investigaciones en Patologías Pediátricas, Servicio de Parasitología-Chagas, Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zeng Q, Luo P, Gu J, Liang B, Liu Q, Zhang A. PKC θ-mediated Ca 2+/NF-AT signalling pathway may be involved in T-cell immunosuppression in coal-burning arsenic-poisoned population. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2017; 55:44-50. [PMID: 28823652 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2017.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Revised: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Arsenic poisoning is a worldwide endemic disease that affects thousands of people. Growing evidence from animal, cell, and human studies indicates that arsenic has deleterious effects on the immune system. The present investigation is a population-based study that observed changes in the proliferation of human T-cells and IL-2 and INF-γ mRNA expression. Our results show that coal-burning arsenic can cause T-cell immunosuppression in the population, and participates in the occurrence and development of arsenic poisoning. In addition, we analyzed the intracellular calcium index, expression of protein kinase C theta (PKC θ) and phosphorylated PKC θ, and the DNA-binding activity of NF-AT in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Our analysis demonstrates that the PKC θ-mediated Ca2+/NF-AT signalling pathway may be involved in the T-cell immunosuppression of coal-burning arsenic-poisoned population. This study provides important data for a mechanistic understanding of endemic arsenic poisoning.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qibing Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Peng Luo
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Junying Gu
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Bing Liang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China
| | - Qizhan Liu
- The Key Laboratory of Modern Toxicology, Ministry of Education, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, Jiangsu, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring and Disease Control, Ministry of Education, Department of Toxicology, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, Guizhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Welch AK, Jeanette Lynch I, Gumz ML, Cain BD, Wingo CS. Aldosterone alters the chromatin structure of the murine endothelin-1 gene. Life Sci 2016; 159:121-126. [PMID: 26775567 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.01.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2015] [Revised: 01/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/12/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Aldosterone increases sodium reabsorption in the renal collecting duct and systemic blood pressure. Paradoxically, aldosterone also induces transcription of the endothelin-1 (Edn1) gene to increase protein (ET-1) levels, which inhibits sodium reabsorption. AIMS Here we investigated changes in the chromatin structure of the Edn1 gene of collecting duct cell lines in response to aldosterone treatment. The Edn1 gene has a CpG island that encompasses the transcription start site and four sites in the 5' regulatory region previously linked to transcriptional regulation. MATERIALS AND METHODS The chromatin structure of the Edn1 gene was investigated using a quantitative PCR-based DNaseI hypersensitivity assay in murine hepatocyte (AML12), renal cortical collecting duct (mpkCCDC14), outer medullary collecting duct1 (OMCD1), and inner medullary collecting duct-3 (IMCD-3) cell lines. KEY FINDINGS The CpG island was uniformly accessible. One calcium-responsive NFAT element remained at low chromatin accessibility in all cell lines under all conditions tested. However, the second calcium responsive NFAT element located at -1563bp upstream became markedly more accessible in IMCD-3 cells exposed to aldosterone. Importantly, one established aldosterone hormone response element HRE at -671bp relative to the transcription start site was highly accessible, and another HRE (-551bp) became more accessible in aldosterone-treated IMCD-3 and OMCD1 cells. SIGNIFICANCE The evidence supports a model in which aldosterone activation of the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) results in the MR-hormone complex binding at HRE at -671bp to open chromatin structure around other regulatory elements in the Edn1 gene.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amanda K Welch
- North Florida/South Georgia VA Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States; Department of Physiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - I Jeanette Lynch
- North Florida/South Georgia VA Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Charles S Wingo
- North Florida/South Georgia VA Health System, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States; Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Hypertension, and Renal Transplantation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Genetic Sharing with Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors and Diabetes Reveals Novel Bone Mineral Density Loci. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0144531. [PMID: 26695485 PMCID: PMC4687843 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0144531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone Mineral Density (BMD) is a highly heritable trait, but genome-wide association studies have identified few genetic risk factors. Epidemiological studies suggest associations between BMD and several traits and diseases, but the nature of the suggestive comorbidity is still unknown. We used a novel genetic pleiotropy-informed conditional False Discovery Rate (FDR) method to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BMD by leveraging cardiovascular disease (CVD) associated disorders and metabolic traits. By conditioning on SNPs associated with the CVD-related phenotypes, type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, systolic blood pressure, diastolic blood pressure, high density lipoprotein, low density lipoprotein, triglycerides and waist hip ratio, we identified 65 novel independent BMD loci (26 with femoral neck BMD and 47 with lumbar spine BMD) at conditional FDR < 0.01. Many of the loci were confirmed in genetic expression studies. Genes validated at the mRNA levels were characteristic for the osteoblast/osteocyte lineage, Wnt signaling pathway and bone metabolism. The results provide new insight into genetic mechanisms of variability in BMD, and a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of clinical comorbidity.
Collapse
|
6
|
Pandit MM, Gao Y, van Hoek A, Kohan DE. Osmolar regulation of endothelin-1 production by the inner medullary collecting duct. Life Sci 2015; 159:135-139. [PMID: 26546722 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2015.10.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Revised: 10/16/2015] [Accepted: 10/31/2015] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is an autocrine inhibitor of collecting duct (CD) Na(+) and water reabsorption. CD ET-1 production is increased by a high salt diet and is important in promoting a natriuretic response. The mechanisms by which a high salt diet enhances CD ET-1 are being uncovered. In particular, elevated tubule fluid flow, as occurs in salt loading, enhances CD ET-1 synthesis. Tubule fluid solute content and interstitial osmolality can also be altered by a high salt diet, however their effect on CD ET-1 alone, or in combination with flow, is poorly understood. MAIN METHODS ET-1 mRNA production by a mouse inner medullary CD cell line (mIMCD3) in response to changing flow and/or osmolality was assessed. KEY FINDINGS Flow or hyperosmolality (using NaCl, mannitol or urea) individually caused an ~2-fold increase in ET-1 mRNA, while flow and hyperosmolality together increased ET-1 mRNA by ~14 fold. The hyperosmolality effect alone and the synergistic effect of flow + hyperosmolality was inhibited by chelation of intracellular Ca(2+), however were not altered by blockade of downstream Ca(2+)-signaling pathways (calcineurin or NFATc), inhibition of cellular Ca(2+) entry channels (purinergic receptors or polycystin-2), or blockade of the epithelial Na(+) channel. Inhibition of NFAT5 with rottlerin or NFAT5 siRNA greatly reduced the stimulatory effect of osmolality alone and osmolality + flow on mIMCD3 ET-1 mRNA levels. SIGNIFICANCE Both flow and osmolality individually and synergistically stimulate mIMCD3 ET-1 mRNA content. These findings may be relevant to explaining high salt diet induction of CD ET-1 production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Meghana M Pandit
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Yang Gao
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Alfred van Hoek
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Salt Lake Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Shirazi AN, Paquin KL, Howlett NG, Mandal D, Parang K. Cyclic peptide-capped gold nanoparticles for enhanced siRNA delivery. Molecules 2014; 19:13319-31. [PMID: 25170952 PMCID: PMC6271229 DOI: 10.3390/molecules190913319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 08/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have reported the synthesis of a homochiral l-cyclic peptide [WR]5 and its use for delivery of anti-HIV drugs and biomolecules. A physical mixture of HAuCl4 and the peptide generated peptide-capped gold nanoparticles. Here, [WR]5 and [WR]5-AuNPs were tested for their efficiency to deliver a small interfering RNA molecule (siRNA) in human cervix adenocarcinoma (HeLa) cells. Flow cytometry investigation revealed that the intracellular uptake of a fluorescence-labeled non-targeting siRNA (200 nM) was enhanced in the presence of [WR]5 and [WR]5-AuNPs by 2- and 3.8-fold when compared with that of siRNA alone after 24 h incubation. Comparative toxicity results showed that [WR]5 and [WR]5-AuNPs were less toxic in cells compared to other available carrier systems, such as Lipofectamine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Karissa L Paquin
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Niall G Howlett
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Rhode Island, Kingston, RI 02881, USA
| | - Dindyal Mandal
- School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Richards J, Welch AK, Barilovits SJ, All S, Cheng KY, Wingo CS, Cain BD, Gumz ML. Tissue-specific and time-dependent regulation of the endothelin axis by the circadian clock protein Per1. Life Sci 2014; 118:255-62. [PMID: 24721511 PMCID: PMC4387882 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2014.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS The present study is designed to consider a role for the circadian clock protein Per1 in the regulation of the endothelin axis in mouse kidney, lung, liver and heart. Renal endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a regulator of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) and blood pressure (BP), via activation of both endothelin receptors, ETA and ETB. However, ET-1 mediates many complex events in other tissues. MAIN METHODS Tissues were collected in the middle of murine rest and active phases, at noon and midnight, respectively. ET-1, ETA and ETB mRNA expressions were measured in the lung, heart, liver, renal inner medulla and renal cortex of wild type and Per1 heterozygous mice using real-time quantitative RT-PCR. KEY FINDINGS The effect of reduced Per1 expression on levels of mRNAs and the time-dependent regulation of expression of the endothelin axis genes appeared to be tissue-specific. In the renal inner medulla and the liver, ETA and ETB exhibited peaks of expression in opposite circadian phases. In contrast, expressions of ET-1, ETA and ETB in the lung did not appear to vary with time, but ET-1 expression was dramatically decreased in this tissue in Per1 heterozygous mice. Interestingly, ET-1 and ETA, but not ETB, were expressed in a time-dependent manner in the heart. SIGNIFICANCE Per1 appears to regulate expression of the endothelin axis genes in a tissue-specific and time-dependent manner. These observations have important implications for our understanding of the best time of day to deliver endothelin receptor antagonists.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob Richards
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Amanda K Welch
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Sarah J Barilovits
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Sean All
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA
| | | | - Charles S Wingo
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA; North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Brian D Cain
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, USA
| | - Michelle L Gumz
- Department of Medicine, University of Florida, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kohan DE. Role of collecting duct endothelin in control of renal function and blood pressure. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2013; 305:R659-68. [PMID: 23986358 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00345.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Over 26,000 manuscripts have been published dealing with endothelins since their discovery 25 years ago. These peptides, and particularly endothelin-1 (ET-1), are expressed by, bind to, and act on virtually every cell type in the body, influencing multiple biological functions. Among these actions, the effects of ET-1 on arterial pressure and volume homeostasis have been most extensively studied. While ET-1 modulates arterial pressure through regulation of multiple organ systems, the peptide's actions in the kidney in general, and the collecting duct in particular, are of unique importance. The collecting duct produces large amounts of ET-1 that bind in an autocrine manner to endothelin A and B receptors, causing inhibition of Na(+) and water reabsorption; absence of collecting duct ET-1 or its receptors is associated with marked salt-sensitive hypertension. Collecting duct ET-1 production is stimulated by Na(+) and water loading through local mechanisms that include sensing of salt and other solute delivery as well as shear stress. Thus the collecting duct ET-1 system exists, at least in part, to detect alterations in, and maintain homeostasis for, extracellular fluid volume. Derangements in collecting duct ET-1 production may contribute to the pathogenesis of genetic hypertension. Blockade of endothelin receptors causes fluid retention due, in large part, to inhibition of the action of ET-1 in the collecting duct; this side effect has substantially limited the clinical utility of this class of drugs. Herein, the biology of the collecting duct ET-1 system is reviewed, with particular emphasis on key issues and questions that need addressing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald E Kohan
- Division of Nephrology, University of Utah Health Sciences Center, Salt Lake City, Utah
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Welch AK, Jacobs ME, Wingo CS, Cain BD. Early progress in epigenetic regulation of endothelin pathway genes. Br J Pharmacol 2013; 168:327-34. [PMID: 22220553 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2012.01826.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of gene transcription is a major regulatory determinant for function of the endothelin pathway. Epigenetic mechanisms act on tissue-specific gene expression during development and in response to physiological stimuli. Most of the limited evidence available on epigenetic regulation of the endothelin pathway focuses on the EDN1 and EDNRB genes. Examination of whole genome databases suggests that both genes are influenced by histone modifications and DNA methylation. This interpretation is supported by studies directed at detecting epigenetic action on the two genes. The clearest illustration of epigenetic factors altering endothelin signalling is DNA methylation-associated EDNRB silencing during tumourigenesis. This review summarizes our current understanding of epigenetic regulation of the endothelin pathway genes. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Endothelin. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2013.168.issue-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A K Welch
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jacobs ME, Wingo CS, Cain BD. An emerging role for microRNA in the regulation of endothelin-1. Front Physiol 2013; 4:22. [PMID: 23424003 PMCID: PMC3575574 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2013.00022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is a peptide signaling molecule serving diverse functions in many different tissues such as the vasculature and the kidney. The primary mechanism thought to control ET-1 bioavailability is the rate of transcription from the ET-1 gene (EDN1), but recent research suggests that EDN1 expression is attenuated by microRNA (miRNA)—mediated regulation. The action of specific miRNAs on EDN1 mRNA appears to vary greatly in a tissue specific manner. This review provides a summary of our current understanding of miRNA-EDN1 interaction.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mollie E Jacobs
- Cain Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Florida Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rodríguez-Pascual F, Busnadiego O, Lagares D, Lamas S. Role of endothelin in the cardiovascular system. Pharmacol Res 2011; 63:463-72. [DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2011.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2010] [Revised: 01/13/2011] [Accepted: 01/29/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
|
13
|
Acres OW, Satou R, Navar LG, Kobori H. Contribution of a nuclear factor-kappaB binding site to human angiotensinogen promoter activity in renal proximal tubular cells. Hypertension 2011; 57:608-13. [PMID: 21282554 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.110.165464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Intrarenal angiotensinogen (AGT) is expressed highly in renal proximal tubular cells (RPTCs) and contributes to the regulation of intrarenal angiotensin II levels. Inhibition of nuclear factor (NF)-κB suppressed human (h)AGT expression in human RPTCs. However, the presence and localization of an NF-κB binding site in the hAGT promoter region have not been determined. Therefore, this study was performed to demonstrate that an NF-κB binding site in the hAGT promoter region contributes to hAGT promoter activity in human RPTCs. The hAGT promoter region was cloned from -4358 to +122 and deletion analysis was performed. A possible NF-κB binding site was removed from the hAGT promoter region (M1) and mutated (M2). Human RPTCs were transfected, and hAGT promoter activity was determined by luciferase assay. The identity of DNA binding proteins from binding assays were determined by Western blot. Progressive 5'-end deletions demonstrated removal of a distal promoter element in hAGT_-2414/+122 reduced promoter activity (0.61 ± 0.12, ratio to hAGT_-4358/+122). Inhibition of NF-κB suppressed promoter activity in hAGT_-4358/+122 (0.51 ± 0.14, ratio to control) and hAGT_-3681/+122 (0.48 ± 0.06, ratio to control) but not in the construct without the NF-κB binding site. Promoter activity was reduced in the domain mutants M1 (0.57 ± 0.08, ratio to hAGT_-4358/+122) and M2 (0.61 ± 0.16, ratio to hAGT_-4358/+122). DNA binding levels of NF-κB protein were reduced in M1. These data demonstrate the functional importance of an NF-κB binding site in the hAGT promoter region, which contributes to hAGT promoter activity in human RPTCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Omar W Acres
- Department of Medicine and Physiology, Tulane University Health Sciences Center, New Orleans, LA 70112-2699, USA
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|