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The Key Role of MicroRNAs in Self-Renewal and Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176285. [PMID: 32877989 PMCID: PMC7504502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Revised: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 08/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Naïve pluripotent embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and epiblast stem cells (EpiSCs) represent distinctive developmental stages, mimicking the pre- and the post-implantation events during the embryo development, respectively. The complex molecular mechanisms governing the transition from ESCs into EpiSCs are orchestrated by fluctuating levels of pluripotency transcription factors (Nanog, Oct4, etc.) and wide-ranging remodeling of the epigenetic landscape. Recent studies highlighted the pivotal role of microRNAs (miRNAs) in balancing the switch from self-renewal to differentiation of ESCs. Of note, evidence deriving from miRNA-based reprogramming strategies underscores the role of the non-coding RNAs in the induction and maintenance of the stemness properties. In this review, we revised recent studies concerning the functions mediated by miRNAs in ESCs, with the aim of giving a comprehensive view of the highly dynamic miRNA-mediated tuning, essential to guarantee cell cycle progression, pluripotency maintenance and the proper commitment of ESCs.
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Malpeli G, Barbi S, Zupo S, Tosadori G, Scardoni G, Bertolaso A, Sartoris S, Ugel S, Vicentini C, Fassan M, Adamo A, Krampera M, Scupoli MT, Croce CM, Scarpa A. Identification of microRNAs implicated in the late differentiation stages of normal B cells suggests a central role for miRNA targets ZEB1 and TP53. Oncotarget 2017; 8:11809-11826. [PMID: 28107180 PMCID: PMC5355306 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.14683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 12/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In the late B cell differentiation stages, miRNAs expression modifications promoting or inhibiting key pathways are only partially defined. We isolated 29 CD19+ human B cell samples at different stages of differentiation: B cells from peripheral blood; naïve, germinal center (GC) and subepithelial (SE) B cells from tonsils. SE cells were further split in activated and resting B cell. The miRNA expression profile of these B cells was assessed by microarray analysis and selected miRNAs were validated by quantitative RT-PCR and in situ hybridization on normal tonsils. The comparison of all samples showed changes in 107 miRNAs in total. Among 48 miRNAs differentially expressed in naïve, GC and SE cells, we identified 8 miRNAs: mir-323, mir-138, mir-9*, mir-211, mir-149, mir-373, mir-135a and mir-184, strictly specific to follicular cells that had never been implicated before in late stages of B cell development. Moreover, we unveiled 34 miRNAs able to discriminate between CD5− activated B cells and resting B cells. The miRNAs profile of CD5− resting B cells showed a higher similarity to naïve CD5+ than CD5− activated B cells. Finally, network analysis on shortest paths connecting gene targets suggested ZEB1 and TP53 as key miRNA targets during the follicular differentiation pathway. These data confirm and extend our knowledge on the miRNAs-related regulatory pathways involved in the late B cell maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgio Malpeli
- Department of Surgical Sciences, Dentistry, Gynecology and Pediatrics, Section of Surgery, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Barbi
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Simonetta Zupo
- Laboratory of Molecular Diagnostics, IRCCS-AOU San Martino-IST, Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Gabriele Tosadori
- Center for BioMedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Giovanni Scardoni
- Center for BioMedical Computing (CBMC), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Anna Bertolaso
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Sartoris
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Stefano Ugel
- Department of Medicine, Section of Immunology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Caterina Vicentini
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Applied Research on Cancer-Network (ARC-NET), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Matteo Fassan
- Department of Medicine, Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology Unit, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Annalisa Adamo
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology, Stem Cell Research Laboratory, University of Verona, Italy
| | | | - Carlo Maria Croce
- Department of Molecular Virology, Immunology and Medical Genetics, Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Aldo Scarpa
- Department of Diagnostics and Public Health, Section of Pathological Anatomy, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.,Applied Research on Cancer-Network (ARC-NET), University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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da Silveira JC, Andrade GM, del Collado M, Sampaio RV, Sangalli JR, Silva LA, Pinaffi FVL, Jardim IB, Cesar MC, Nogueira MFG, Cesar ASM, Coutinho LL, Pereira RW, Perecin F, Meirelles FV. Supplementation with small-extracellular vesicles from ovarian follicular fluid during in vitro production modulates bovine embryo development. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0179451. [PMID: 28617821 PMCID: PMC5472319 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0179451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy success results from the interaction of multiple factors, among them are folliculogenesis and early embryonic development. Failure during these different processes can lead to difficulties in conception. Alternatives to overcome these problems are based on assisted reproductive techniques. Extracellular vesicles are cell-secreted vesicles present in different body fluids and contain bioactive materials, such as messenger RNA, microRNAs (miRNAs), and proteins. Thus, our hypothesis is that extracellular vesicles from follicular fluid from 3-6 mm ovarian follicles can modulate bovine embryo development in vitro. To test our hypothesis follicular fluid from bovine ovaries was aspirated and small-extracellular vesicles (<200 nm) were isolated for further analysis. Additionally, small-extracellular vesicles (EVs) were utilized for functional experiments investigating their role in modulating messenger RNA, microRNA as well as global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels of bovine blastocysts. EVs from 3-6 mm follicles were used for RNA-seq and miRNA analysis. Functional annotation analysis of the EVs transcripts revealed messages related to chromatin remodeling and transcriptional regulation. EVs treatment during oocyte maturation and embryo development causes changes in blastocyst rates, as well as changes in the transcription levels of genes related to embryonic metabolism and development. Supplementation with EVs from 3-6 mm follicles during oocyte maturation and early embryo development (until the 4-cell stage) increased the levels of bta-miR-631 (enriched in EVs from 3-6 mm follicles) in embryos. Interestingly, the addition of EVs from 3-6 mm follicles induced changes in global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation levels compared to embryos produced by the standard in vitro production system. Our results indicate that the supplementation of culture media with EVs isolated from the follicular fluid of 3-6 mm follicles during oocyte maturation and early embryo development can partially modify metabolic and developmental related genes as well as miRNA and global DNA methylation and hydroxymethylation, suggesting that EVs play an important role during oocyte maturation and early embryo development in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliano C. da Silveira
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Gabriella M. Andrade
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maite del Collado
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rafael V. Sampaio
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliano R. Sangalli
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciano A. Silva
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fábio V. L. Pinaffi
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Izabelle B. Jardim
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo C. Cesar
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcelo F. G. Nogueira
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Sao Paulo State, Assis, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline S. M. Cesar
- Department of Animal Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luiz L. Coutinho
- Department of Animal Sciences, “Luiz de Queiroz” College of Agriculture, University of Sao Paulo, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Rinaldo W. Pereira
- Department of Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasilia, Brasília, Brazil
| | - Felipe Perecin
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Flávio V. Meirelles
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, University of Sao Paulo, Pirassununga, Sao Paulo, Brazil
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Wang L, Zhang T, Wang L, Cai Y, Zhong X, He X, Hu L, Tian S, Wu M, Hui L, Zhang H, Gao P. Fatty acid synthesis is critical for stem cell pluripotency via promoting mitochondrial fission. EMBO J 2017; 36:1330-1347. [PMID: 28377463 DOI: 10.15252/embj.201695417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells are known to display distinct metabolic phenotypes than their somatic counterparts. While accumulating studies are focused on the roles of glucose and amino acid metabolism in facilitating pluripotency, little is known regarding the role of lipid metabolism in regulation of stem cell activities. Here, we show that fatty acid (FA) synthesis activation is critical for stem cell pluripotency. Our initial observations demonstrated enhanced lipogenesis in pluripotent cells and during cellular reprogramming. Further analysis indicated that de novo FA synthesis controls cellular reprogramming and embryonic stem cell pluripotency through mitochondrial fission. Mechanistically, we found that de novo FA synthesis regulated by the lipogenic enzyme ACC1 leads to the enhanced mitochondrial fission via (i) consumption of AcCoA which affects acetylation-mediated FIS1 ubiquitin-proteasome degradation and (ii) generation of lipid products that drive the mitochondrial dynamic equilibrium toward fission. Moreover, we demonstrated that the effect of Acc1 on cellular reprogramming via mitochondrial fission also exists in human iPSC induction. In summary, our study reveals a critical involvement of the FA synthesis pathway in promoting ESC pluripotency and iPSC formation via regulating mitochondrial fission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lin Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Yongping Cai
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Xiuying Zhong
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Xiaoping He
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lan Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Shengya Tian
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Mian Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Lijian Hui
- Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy for Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Huafeng Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
| | - Ping Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at Microscale, Innovation Center for Cell Signaling Network, School of Life Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China
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Profile of Qi Zhou. SCIENCE CHINA. LIFE SCIENCES 2016; 59:573-575. [PMID: 27142349 DOI: 10.1007/s11427-016-5062-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
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Mozzetta C, Pontis J, Ait-Si-Ali S. Functional Crosstalk Between Lysine Methyltransferases on Histone Substrates: The Case of G9A/GLP and Polycomb Repressive Complex 2. Antioxid Redox Signal 2015; 22:1365-81. [PMID: 25365549 PMCID: PMC4432786 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2014.6116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
SIGNIFICANCE Methylation of histone H3 on lysine 9 and 27 (H3K9 and H3K27) are two epigenetic modifications that have been linked to several crucial biological processes, among which are transcriptional silencing and cell differentiation. RECENT ADVANCES Deposition of these marks is catalyzed by H3K9 lysine methyltransferases (KMTs) and polycomb repressive complex 2, respectively. Increasing evidence is emerging in favor of a functional crosstalk between these two major KMT families. CRITICAL ISSUES Here, we review the current knowledge on the mechanisms of action and function of these enzymes, with particular emphasis on their interplay in the regulation of chromatin states and biological processes. We outline their crucial roles played in tissue homeostasis, by controlling the fate of embryonic and tissue-specific stem cells, highlighting how their deregulation is often linked to the emergence of a number of malignancies and neurological disorders. FUTURE DIRECTIONS Histone methyltransferases are starting to be tested as drug targets. A new generation of highly selective chemical inhibitors is starting to emerge. These hold great promise for a rapid translation of targeting epigenetic drugs into clinical practice for a number of aggressive cancers and neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Mozzetta
- Laboratoire Epigénétique et Destin Cellulaire, UMR7216, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique CNRS, Université Paris Diderot , Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Ma Q, Zhang L. Epigenetic programming of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in response to fetal hypoxia. Prog Neurobiol 2014; 124:28-48. [PMID: 25450949 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2014] [Revised: 08/14/2014] [Accepted: 11/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Hypoxia is a major stress to the fetal development and may result in irreversible injury in the developing brain, increased risk of central nervous system (CNS) malformations in the neonatal brain and long-term neurological complications in offspring. Current evidence indicates that epigenetic mechanisms may contribute to the development of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the developing brain in response to fetal stress. However, the causative cellular and molecular mechanisms remain elusive. In the present review, we summarize the recent findings of epigenetic mechanisms in the development of the brain and their roles in fetal hypoxia-induced brain developmental malformations. Specifically, we focus on DNA methylation and active demethylation, histone modifications and microRNAs in the regulation of neuronal and vascular developmental plasticity, which may play a role in fetal stress-induced epigenetic programming of hypoxic/ischemic-sensitive phenotype in the developing brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingyi Ma
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Center for Perinatal Biology, Division of Pharmacology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA 92350, USA.
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