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McParland ED, Butcher TA, Gurley NJ, Johnson RI, Slep KC, Peifer M. The Dilute domain in Canoe is not essential for linking cell junctions to the cytoskeleton but supports morphogenesis robustness. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261734. [PMID: 38323935 PMCID: PMC11006394 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Robust linkage between adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton allows cells to change shape and move during morphogenesis without tearing tissues apart. The Drosophila multidomain protein Canoe and its mammalian homolog afadin are crucial for this, as in their absence many events of morphogenesis fail. To define the mechanism of action for Canoe, we are taking it apart. Canoe has five folded protein domains and a long intrinsically disordered region. The largest is the Dilute domain, which is shared by Canoe and myosin V. To define the roles of this domain in Canoe, we combined biochemical, genetic and cell biological assays. AlphaFold was used to predict its structure, providing similarities and contrasts with Myosin V. Biochemical data suggested one potential shared function - the ability to dimerize. We generated Canoe mutants with the Dilute domain deleted (CnoΔDIL). Surprisingly, they were viable and fertile. CnoΔDIL localized to adherens junctions and was enriched at junctions under tension. However, when its dose was reduced, CnoΔDIL did not provide fully wild-type function. Furthermore, canoeΔDIL mutants had defects in the orchestrated cell rearrangements of eye development. This reveals the robustness of junction-cytoskeletal connections during morphogenesis and highlights the power of natural selection to maintain protein structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. McParland
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - T. Amber Butcher
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Noah J. Gurley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Ruth I. Johnson
- Biology Department, Wesleyan University, Middletown, CT 06459, USA
| | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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2
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Usón I, Sheldrick GM. Modes and model building in SHELXE. Acta Crystallogr D Struct Biol 2024; 80:4-15. [PMID: 38088896 PMCID: PMC10833347 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798323010082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Density modification is a standard step to provide a route for routine structure solution by any experimental phasing method, with single-wavelength or multi-wavelength anomalous diffraction being the most popular methods, as well as to extend fragments or incomplete models into a full solution. The effect of density modification on the starting maps from either source is illustrated in the case of SHELXE. The different modes in which the program can run are reviewed; these include less well known uses such as reading external phase values and weights or phase distributions encoded in Hendrickson-Lattman coefficients. Typically in SHELXE, initial phases are calculated from experimental data, from a partial model or map, or from a combination of both sources. The initial phase set is improved and extended by density modification and, if the resolution of the data and the type of structure permits, polyalanine tracing. As a feature to systematically eliminate model bias from phases derived from predicted models, the trace can be set to exclude the area occupied by the starting model. The trace now includes an extension into the gamma position or hydrophobic and aromatic side chains if a sequence is provided, which is performed in every tracing cycle. Once a correlation coefficient of over 30% between the structure factors calculated from such a trace and the native data indicates that the structure has been solved, the sequence is docked in all model-building cycles and side chains are fitted if the map supports it. The extensions to the tracing algorithm brought in to provide a complete model are discussed. The improvement in phasing performance is assessed using a set of tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Usón
- ICREA, Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats, Passeig Lluís Companys, 23, Barcelona, E-08003, Spain
- Crystallographic Methods, Institute of Molecular Biology of Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona Science Park, Helix Building, Baldiri Reixach, 15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - George M. Sheldrick
- Department of Structural Chemistry, Georg-August Universität Göttingen, Tammannstrasse 4, 37077 Göttingen, Germany
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3
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McParland ED, Amber Butcher T, Gurley NJ, Johnson RI, Slep KC, Peifer M. The Dilute domain of Canoe is not essential for Canoe's role in linking adherens junctions to the cytoskeleton but contributes to robustness of morphogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.18.562854. [PMID: 37905001 PMCID: PMC10614895 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.18.562854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
Robust linkage between cell-cell adherens junctions and the actomyosin cytoskeleton allows cells to change shape and move during morphogenesis without tearing tissues apart. The multidomain protein Drosophila Canoe and its mammalian homolog Afadin are critical for this linkage, and in their absence many events of morphogenesis fail. To define underlying mechanisms, we are taking Canoe apart, using Drosophila as our model. Canoe and Afadin share five folded protein domains, followed by a large intrinsically disordered region. The largest of these folded domains is the Dilute domain, which is found in Canoe/Afadin, their paralogs, and members of the MyosinV family. To define the roles of Canoe's Dilute domain we have combined biochemical, genetic and cell biological assays. Use of the AlphaFold tools revealed the predicted structure of the Canoe/Afadin Dilute domain, providing similarities and contrasts with that of MyosinV. Our biochemical data suggest one potential shared function: the ability to dimerize. We next generated Drosophila mutants with the Dilute domain cleanly deleted. Surprisingly, these mutants are viable and fertile, and CanoeΔDIL protein localizes to adherens junctions and is enriched at junctions under tension. However, when we reduce the dose of CanoeΔDIL protein in a sensitized assay, it becomes clear it does not provide full wildtype function. Further, canoeΔDIL mutants have defects in pupal eye development, another process that requires orchestrated cell rearrangements. Together, these data reveal the robustness in AJ-cytoskeletal connections during multiple embryonic and postembryonic events, and the power of natural selection to maintain protein structure even in robust systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily D. McParland
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - T. Amber Butcher
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Noah J. Gurley
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | | | - Kevin C. Slep
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
| | - Mark Peifer
- Department of Biology, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, CB#3280, Chapel Hill, NC 27599-3280, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
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4
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Niu F, Liu Y, Sun K, Xu S, Dong J, Yu C, Yan K, Wei Z. Autoinhibition and activation mechanisms revealed by the triangular-shaped structure of myosin Va. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eadd4187. [PMID: 36490350 PMCID: PMC9733927 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add4187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
As the prototype of unconventional myosin motor family, myosin Va (MyoVa) transport cellular cargos along actin filaments in diverse cellular processes. The off-duty MyoVa adopts a closed and autoinhibited state, which can be relieved by cargo binding. The molecular mechanisms governing the autoinhibition and activation of MyoVa remain unclear. Here, we report the cryo-electron microscopy structure of the two full-length, closed MyoVa heavy chains in complex with 12 calmodulin light chains at 4.78-Å resolution. The MyoVa adopts a triangular structure with multiple intra- and interpolypeptide chain interactions in establishing the closed state with cargo binding and adenosine triphosphatase activity inhibited. Structural, biochemical, and cellular analyses uncover an asymmetric autoinhibition mechanism, in which the cargo-binding sites in the two MyoVa heavy chains are differently protected. Thus, specific and efficient MyoVa activation requires coincident binding of multiple cargo adaptors, revealing an intricate and elegant activity regulation of the motor in response to cargos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengfeng Niu
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- SUSTech-HIT Joint PhD Program, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, Heilongjiang, China
| | - Kang Sun
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Shun Xu
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiayuan Dong
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Cong Yu
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment and Disease Research and Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Cell Microenvironment, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Kaige Yan
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhiyi Wei
- Brain Research Center, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
- Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, Guangdong, China
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5
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Bowman DM, Kaji I, Goldenring JR. Altered MYO5B Function Underlies Microvillus Inclusion Disease: Opportunities for Intervention at a Cellular Level. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2022; 14:553-565. [PMID: 35660026 PMCID: PMC9304615 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2022.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2022] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a congenital diarrheal disorder resulting in life-threatening secretory diarrhea in newborns. Inactivating and nonsense mutations in myosin Vb (MYO5B) have been identified in MVID patients. Work using patient tissues, cell lines, mice, and pigs has led to critical insights into the pathology of MVID and a better understanding of both apical trafficking in intestinal enterocytes and intestinal stem cell differentiation. These studies have demonstrated that loss of MYO5B or inactivating mutations lead to loss of apical sodium and water transporters, without loss of apical CFTR, accounting for the major pathology of the disease. In addition, loss of MYO5B expression induces the formation of microvillus inclusions through apical bulk endocytosis that utilizes dynamin and PACSIN2 and recruits tight junction proteins to the sites of bulk endosome formation. Importantly, formation of microvillus inclusions is not required for the induction of diarrhea. Recent investigations have demonstrated that administration of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) can partially reestablish apical ion transporters in enterocytes of MYO5B KO mice. In addition, further studies have shown that MYO5B loss induces an imbalance in Wnt/Notch signaling pathways that can lead to alterations in enterocyte maturation and tuft cell lineage differentiation. Inhibition of Notch signaling leads to improvements in those cell differentiation deficits. These studies demonstrate that directed strategies through LPA receptor activation and Notch inhibition can bypass the inhibitory effects of MYO5B loss. Thus, effective strategies may be successful in MVID patients and other congenital diarrhea syndromes to reestablish proper apical membrane absorption of sodium and water in enterocytes and ameliorate life-threatening congenital diarrhea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deanna M Bowman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Izumi Kaji
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee.
| | - James R Goldenring
- Section of Surgical Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee; Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Epithelial Biology Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, Tennessee; Nashville VA Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee.
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6
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Haraguchi T, Ito K, Morikawa T, Yoshimura K, Shoji N, Kimura A, Iwaki M, Tominaga M. Autoregulation and dual stepping mode of MYA2, an Arabidopsis myosin XI responsible for cytoplasmic streaming. Sci Rep 2022; 12:3150. [PMID: 35210477 PMCID: PMC8873201 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07047-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Arabidopsis thaliana has 13 genes belonging to the myosin XI family. Myosin XI-2 (MYA2) plays a major role in the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in Arabidopsis cells. In this study, we investigated the molecular properties of MYA2 expressed by the baculovirus transfer system. Actin-activated ATPase activity and in vitro motility assays revealed that activity of MYA2 was regulated by the globular tail domain (GTD). When the GTD is not bound to the cargo, the GTD inhibits ADP dissociation from the motor domain. Optical nanometry of single MYA2 molecules, combining total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRFM) and the fluorescence imaging with one-nanometer accuracy (FIONA) method, revealed that the MYA2 processively moved on actin with three different step sizes: − 28 nm, 29 nm, and 60 nm, at low ATP concentrations. This result indicates that MYA2 uses two different stepping modes; hand-over-hand and inchworm-like. Force measurement using optical trapping showed the stall force of MYA2 was 0.85 pN, which was less than half that of myosin V (2–3 pN). These results indicated that MYA2 has different transport properties from that of the myosin V responsible for vesicle transport in animal cells. Such properties may enable multiple myosin XIs to transport organelles quickly and smoothly, for the generation of cytoplasmic streaming in plant cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Haraguchi
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Kohji Ito
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan.
| | | | - Kohei Yoshimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Nao Shoji
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Atsushi Kimura
- Department of Biology, Graduate School of Science, Chiba University, Chiba, 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Iwaki
- RIKEN Center for Biosystems Dynamics Research, RIKEN, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Motoki Tominaga
- Faculty of Education and Integrated Arts and Sciences, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan. .,Major in Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 2-2 Wakamatsu-cho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8480, Japan.
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7
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Turowski VR, Ruiz DM, Nascimento AFZ, Millán C, Sammito MD, Juanhuix J, Cremonesi AS, Usón I, Giuseppe PO, Murakami MT. Structure of the class XI myosin globular tail reveals evolutionary hallmarks for cargo recognition in plants. ACTA CRYSTALLOGRAPHICA SECTION D-STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2021; 77:522-533. [PMID: 33825712 DOI: 10.1107/s2059798321001583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The plant-specific class XI myosins (MyoXIs) play key roles at the molecular, cellular and tissue levels, engaging diverse adaptor proteins to transport cargoes along actin filaments. To recognize their cargoes, MyoXIs have a C-terminal globular tail domain (GTD) that is evolutionarily related to those of class V myosins (MyoVs) from animals and fungi. Despite recent advances in understanding the functional roles played by MyoXI in plants, the structure of its GTD, and therefore the molecular determinants for cargo selectivity and recognition, remain elusive. In this study, the first crystal structure of a MyoXI GTD, that of MyoXI-K from Arabidopsis thaliana, was elucidated at 2.35 Å resolution using a low-identity and fragment-based phasing approach in ARCIMBOLDO_SHREDDER. The results reveal that both the composition and the length of the α5-α6 loop are distinctive features of MyoXI-K, providing evidence for a structural stabilizing role for this loop, which is otherwise carried out by a molecular zipper in MyoV GTDs. The crystal structure also shows that most of the characterized cargo-binding sites in MyoVs are not conserved in plant MyoXIs, pointing to plant-specific cargo-recognition mechanisms. Notably, the main elements involved in the self-regulation mechanism of MyoVs are conserved in plant MyoXIs, indicating this to be an ancient ancestral trait.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria R Turowski
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Diego M Ruiz
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Andrey F Z Nascimento
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Claudia Millán
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Massimo D Sammito
- Department of Haematology, Cambridge Institute for Medical Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Judith Juanhuix
- XALOC Beamline, Experiments Division, ALBA Synchrotron Light Source, Cerdanyola del Vallès, 08290 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Aline Sampaio Cremonesi
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology, Instituto de Biología Molecular de Barcelona, CSIC, Carrer de Baldiri Reixac 15, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Priscila O Giuseppe
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
| | - Mario T Murakami
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory (LNBio), Brazilian Center for Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Campinas-SP 13083-100, Brazil
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8
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Myosin Motors: Novel Regulators and Therapeutic Targets in Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13040741. [PMID: 33670106 PMCID: PMC7916823 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13040741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is a deadly disease that may go undiagnosed until it presents at an advanced metastatic stage for which few interventions are available. The development and metastatic spread of CRC is driven by remodeling of the actin cytoskeleton in cancer cells. Myosins represent a large family of actin motor proteins that play key roles in regulating actin cytoskeleton architecture and dynamics. Different myosins can move and cross-link actin filaments, attach them to the membrane organelles and translocate vesicles along the actin filaments. These diverse activities determine the key roles of myosins in regulating cell proliferation, differentiation and motility. Either mutations or the altered expression of different myosins have been well-documented in CRC; however, the roles of these actin motors in colon cancer development remain poorly understood. The present review aims at summarizing the evidence that implicate myosin motors in regulating CRC growth and metastasis and discusses the mechanisms underlying the oncogenic and tumor-suppressing activities of myosins. Abstract Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains the third most common cause of cancer and the second most common cause of cancer deaths worldwide. Clinicians are largely faced with advanced and metastatic disease for which few interventions are available. One poorly understood aspect of CRC involves altered organization of the actin cytoskeleton, especially at the metastatic stage of the disease. Myosin motors are crucial regulators of actin cytoskeletal architecture and remodeling. They act as mechanosensors of the tumor environments and control key cellular processes linked to oncogenesis, including cell division, extracellular matrix adhesion and tissue invasion. Different myosins play either oncogenic or tumor suppressor roles in breast, lung and prostate cancer; however, little is known about their functions in CRC. This review focuses on the functional roles of myosins in colon cancer development. We discuss the most studied class of myosins, class II (conventional) myosins, as well as several classes (I, V, VI, X and XVIII) of unconventional myosins that have been linked to CRC development. Altered expression and mutations of these motors in clinical tumor samples and their roles in CRC growth and metastasis are described. We also evaluate the potential of using small molecular modulators of myosin activity to develop novel anticancer therapies.
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9
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Wong S, Weisman LS. Roles and regulation of myosin V interaction with cargo. Adv Biol Regul 2021; 79:100787. [PMID: 33541831 PMCID: PMC7920922 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2021.100787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A major question in cell biology is, how are organelles and large macromolecular complexes transported within a cell? Myosin V molecular motors play critical roles in the distribution of organelles, vesicles, and mRNA. Mis-localization of organelles that depend on myosin V motors underlie diseases in the skin, gut, and brain. Thus, the delivery of organelles to their proper destination is important for animal physiology and cellular function. Cargoes attach to myosin V motors via cargo specific adaptor proteins, which transiently bridge motors to their cargoes. Regulation of these adaptor proteins play key roles in the regulation of cargo transport. Emerging studies reveal that cargo adaptors play additional essential roles in the activation of myosin V, and the regulation of actin filaments. Here, we review how motor-adaptor interactions are controlled to regulate the proper loading and unloading of cargoes, as well as roles of adaptor proteins in the regulation of myosin V activity and the dynamics of actin filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Wong
- Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States
| | - Lois S Weisman
- Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States; Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, United States.
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10
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Konstantinidis I, Sætrom P, Mjelle R, Nedoluzhko AV, Robledo D, Fernandes JMO. Major gene expression changes and epigenetic remodelling in Nile tilapia muscle after just one generation of domestication. Epigenetics 2020; 15:1052-1067. [PMID: 32264748 PMCID: PMC7116051 DOI: 10.1080/15592294.2020.1748914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
The historically recent domestication of fishes has been essential to meet the protein demands of a growing human population. Selection for traits of interest during domestication is a complex process whose epigenetic basis is poorly understood. Cytosine hydroxymethylation is increasingly recognized as an important DNA modification involved in epigenetic regulation. In the present study, we investigated if hydroxymethylation plays a role in fish domestication and demonstrated for the first time at a genome-wide level and single nucleotide resolution that the muscle hydroxymethylome changes after a single generation of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, Linnaeus) domestication. The overall decrease in hydroxymethylcytosine levels was accompanied by the downregulation of 2015 genes in fish reared in captivity compared to their wild progenitors. In contrast, several myogenic and metabolic genes that can affect growth potential were upregulated. There were 126 differentially hydroxymethylated cytosines between groups, which were not due to genetic variation; they were associated with genes involved in immune-, growth- and neuronal-related pathways. Taken together, our data unveil a new role for DNA hydroxymethylation in epigenetic regulation of fish domestication with impact in aquaculture and implications in artificial selection, environmental adaptation and genome evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Pål Sætrom
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Computer Science, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Bioinformatics Core facility-BioCore, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- K.G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Robin Mjelle
- Faculty of Biosciences and Aquaculture, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Diego Robledo
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian, UK
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11
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Canclini L, Cal K, Bardier C, Ruiz P, Mercer JA, Calliari A. Calcium triggers the dissociation of myosin-Va from ribosomes in ribonucleoprotein complexes. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:2311-2321. [PMID: 32412091 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The sorting of RNAs to specific regions of the cell for local translation represents an important mechanism directing protein distribution and cell compartmentalization. While significant progress has been made in understanding the mechanisms underlying the transport and localization of mRNAs, the mechanisms governing ribosome mobilization are less well understood. Ribosomes present in the cytoplasm of multiple cell types can form ribonucleoprotein complexes that also contain myosin-Va (Myo5a), a processive, actin-dependent molecular motor. Here, we report that Myo5a can be disassociated from ribosomes when ribonucleoprotein complexes are exposed to calcium, both in vitro and in vivo. We suggest that Myo5a may act as a molecular switch able to anchor or release ribosomes from the actin cytoskeleton in response to intracellular signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucía Canclini
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas 'Clemente Estable' (MEC), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Karina Cal
- Department of Biosciences, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Camila Bardier
- Department of Genetics, Instituto de Investigaciones Biológicas 'Clemente Estable' (MEC), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paul Ruiz
- Department of Biosciences, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
| | | | - Aldo Calliari
- Department of Biosciences, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de la República (UdelaR), Montevideo, Uruguay
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12
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Dolce LG, Ohbayashi N, Silva DFD, Ferrari AJ, Pirolla RA, Schwarzer ACDA, Zanphorlin LM, Cabral L, Fioramonte M, Ramos CH, Gozzo FC, Fukuda M, Giuseppe POD, Murakami MT. Unveiling the interaction between the molecular motor Myosin Vc and the small GTPase Rab3A. J Proteomics 2020; 212:103549. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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13
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Myosin Va and spermine synthase: partners in exosome transport. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20190326. [PMID: 30967493 PMCID: PMC6488853 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20190326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Revised: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent paper in Bioscience Reports (BSR20182189) describes the discovery of an
interaction between the motor protein myosin Va and the metabolic enzyme
spermine synthase. Myosin Va is a molecular motor which plays a key role in
vesicle transport. Mutations in the gene which encodes this protein are
associated with Griscelli syndrome type 1 and the ‘dilute’
phenotype in animals. Spermine synthase catalyzes the conversion of spermidine
to spermine. This largely cytoplasmic enzyme can also be localized to the
soluble fraction in exosomes. Mutations in the spermine synthase gene are
associated with Snyder Robinson mental retardation syndrome. The interaction
between the two proteins was detected using the yeast two hybrid method and
verified by microscale thermophoresis of recombinant proteins. Knockdown of the
MYO5A gene reduced the expression of mRNA coding for
spermine synthase. The amount of this transcript was also reduced in cells
derived from a patient with Griscelli syndrome type 1. This suggests that, in
addition to a direct physical interaction between the two proteins, myosin Va
also modulates the transcription of the spermine synthase gene. The mechanism
for this modulation is currently unknown. These findings have implications for
Griscelli syndrome type 1 and Snyder Robinson mental retardation syndrome. They
also suggest that interactions between myosin Va and soluble exosome proteins
such as spermine synthase may be important in the mechanism of exosome
transport.
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14
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Myosin Va interacts with the exosomal protein spermine synthase. Biosci Rep 2019; 39:BSR20182189. [PMID: 30733278 PMCID: PMC6395372 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20182189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va (MyoVa) is an actin-based molecular motor that plays key roles in the final stages of secretory pathways, including neurotransmitter release. Several studies have addressed how MyoVa coordinates the trafficking of secretory vesicles, but why this molecular motor is found in exosomes is still unclear. In this work, using a yeast two-hybrid screening system, we identified the direct interaction between the globular tail domain (GTD) of MyoVa and four protein components of exosomes: the WD repeat-containing protein 48 (WDR48), the cold shock domain-containing protein E1 (CSDE1), the tandem C2 domain-containing protein 1 (TC2N), and the enzyme spermine synthase (SMS). The interaction between the GTD of MyoVa and SMS was further validated in vitro and displayed a Kd in the low micromolar range (3.5 ± 0.5 µM). SMS localized together with MyoVa in cytoplasmic vesicles of breast cancer MCF-7 and neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cell lines, known to produce exosomes. Moreover, MYO5A knockdown decreased the expression of SMS gene and rendered the distribution of SMS protein diffuse, supporting a role for MyoVa in SMS expression and targeting.
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15
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Abstract
The delivery of intracellular material within cells is crucial for maintaining normal function. Myosins transport a wide variety of cargo, ranging from vesicles to ribonuclear protein particles (RNPs), in plants, fungi, and metazoa. The properties of a given myosin transporter are adapted to move on different actin filament tracks, either on the disordered actin networks at the cell cortex or along highly organized actin bundles to distribute their cargo in a localized manner or move it across long distances in the cell. Transport is controlled by selective recruitment of the myosin to its cargo that also plays a role in activation of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455
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16
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Dhekne HS, Pylypenko O, Overeem AW, Zibouche M, Ferreira RJ, van der Velde KJ, Rings EHHM, Posovszky C, van der Sluijs P, Swertz MA, Houdusse A, van IJzendoorn SCD. MYO5B, STX3, and STXBP2 mutations reveal a common disease mechanism that unifies a subset of congenital diarrheal disorders: A mutation update. Hum Mutat 2018; 39:333-344. [PMID: 29266534 PMCID: PMC5838515 DOI: 10.1002/humu.23386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Microvillus inclusion disease (MVID) is a rare but fatal autosomal recessive congenital diarrheal disorder caused by MYO5B mutations. In 2013, we launched an open‐access registry for MVID patients and their MYO5B mutations (www.mvid-central.org). Since then, additional unique MYO5B mutations have been identified in MVID patients, but also in non‐MVID patients. Animal models have been generated that formally prove the causality between MYO5B and MVID. Importantly, mutations in two other genes, STXBP2 and STX3, have since been associated with variants of MVID, shedding new light on the pathogenesis of this congenital diarrheal disorder. Here, we review these additional genes and their mutations. Furthermore, we discuss recent data from cell studies that indicate that the three genes are functionally linked and, therefore, may constitute a common disease mechanism that unifies a subset of phenotypically linked congenital diarrheal disorders. We present new data based on patient material to support this. To congregate existing and future information on MVID geno‐/phenotypes, we have updated and expanded the MVID registry to include all currently known MVID‐associated gene mutations, their demonstrated or predicted functional consequences, and associated clinical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herschel S Dhekne
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Olena Pylypenko
- Structural Motility, Institute Curie, Centre de Reserche, Paris, France
| | - Arend W Overeem
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Malik Zibouche
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rosaria J Ferreira
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - K Joeri van der Velde
- Genomics Coordination Center, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edmond H H M Rings
- Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus Medical Center Rotterdam, Erasmus University Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Carsten Posovszky
- Department of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, University Medical Center Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Peter van der Sluijs
- Department of Cell Biology, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands,Cellular Protein Chemistry, Bijvoet Center for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Morris A Swertz
- Genomics Coordination Center, Department of Genetics, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne Houdusse
- Structural Motility, Institute Curie, Centre de Reserche, Paris, France
| | - Sven C D van IJzendoorn
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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17
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Zhang N, Yao LL, Li XD. Regulation of class V myosin. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:261-273. [PMID: 28730277 PMCID: PMC11105390 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-017-2599-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Revised: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Class V myosin (myosin-5) is a molecular motor that functions as an organelle transporter. The activation of myosin-5's motor function has long been known to be associated with a transition from the folded conformation in the off-state to the extended conformation in the on-state, but only recently have we begun to understand the underlying mechanism. The globular tail domain (GTD) of myosin-5 has been identified as the inhibitory domain and has recently been shown to function as a dimer in regulating the motor function. The folded off-state of myosin-5 is stabilized by multiple intramolecular interactions, including head-GTD interactions, GTD-GTD interactions, and interactions between the GTD and the C-terminus of the first coiled-coil segment. Any cellular factor that affects these intramolecular interactions and thus the stability of the folded conformation of myosin-5 would be expected to regulate myosin-5 motor function. Both the adaptor proteins of myosin-5 and Ca2+ are potential regulators of myosin-5 motor function, because they can destabilize its folded conformation. A combination of these regulators provides a versatile scheme in regulating myosin-5 motor function in the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Zhang
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yao
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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18
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Assis LHP, Silva-Junior RMP, Dolce LG, Alborghetti MR, Honorato RV, Nascimento AFZ, Melo-Hanchuk TD, Trindade DM, Tonoli CCC, Santos CT, Oliveira PSL, Larson RE, Kobarg J, Espreafico EM, Giuseppe PO, Murakami MT. The molecular motor Myosin Va interacts with the cilia-centrosomal protein RPGRIP1L. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43692. [PMID: 28266547 PMCID: PMC5339802 DOI: 10.1038/srep43692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2016] [Accepted: 01/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin Va (MyoVa) is an actin-based molecular motor abundantly found at the centrosome. However, the role of MyoVa at this organelle has been elusive due to the lack of evidence on interacting partners or functional data. Herein, we combined yeast two-hybrid screen, biochemical studies and cellular assays to demonstrate that MyoVa interacts with RPGRIP1L, a cilia-centrosomal protein that controls ciliary signaling and positioning. MyoVa binds to the C2 domains of RPGRIP1L via residues located near or in the Rab11a-binding site, a conserved site in the globular tail domain (GTD) from class V myosins. According to proximity ligation assays, MyoVa and RPGRIP1L can interact near the cilium base in ciliated RPE cells. Furthermore, we showed that RPE cells expressing dominant-negative constructs of MyoVa are mostly unciliated, providing the first experimental evidence about a possible link between this molecular motor and cilia-related processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H P Assis
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R M P Silva-Junior
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - L G Dolce
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M R Alborghetti
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R V Honorato
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - A F Z Nascimento
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil.,Graduate Program in Functional and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - T D Melo-Hanchuk
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - D M Trindade
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C C C Tonoli
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - C T Santos
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P S L Oliveira
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - R E Larson
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - J Kobarg
- Department of Biochemistry and Tissue Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Campinas, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - E M Espreafico
- Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - P O Giuseppe
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
| | - M T Murakami
- Brazilian Biosciences National Laboratory, National Center for Research in Energy and Materials, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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19
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Farquhar RE, Rodrigues E, Hamilton KL. The Role of the Cytoskeleton and Myosin-Vc in the Targeting of KCa3.1 to the Basolateral Membrane of Polarized Epithelial Cells. Front Physiol 2017; 7:639. [PMID: 28101059 PMCID: PMC5209343 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 12/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding the targeting of KCa3.1 to the basolateral membrane (BLM) of polarized epithelial cells is still emerging. Here, we examined the role of the cytoskeleton (microtubules and microfilaments) and Myosin-Vc (Myo-Vc) in the targeting of KCa3.1 in Fischer rat thyroid epithelial cells. We used a pharmacological approach with immunoblot (for the BLM expression of KCa3.1), Ussing chamber (functional BLM expression of KCa3.1) and siRNA experiments. The actin cytoskeleton inhibitors cytochalasin D (10 μM, 5 h) and latrunculin A (10 μM, 5 h) reduced the targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM by 88 ± 4 and 70 ± 5%, respectively. Colchicine (10 μM, 5 h) a microtubule inhibitor reduced targeting of KCa3.1 to the BLM by 63 ± 7% and decreased 1-EBIO-stimulated KCa3.1 K+ current by 46 ± 18%, compared with control cells. ML9 (10 μM, 5 h), an inhibitor of myosin light chain kinase, decreased targeting of the channel by 83 ± 2% and reduced K+ current by 54 ± 8% compared to control cells. Inhibiting Myo-V with 2,3-butanedione monoxime (10 mM, 5 h) reduced targeting of the channel to the BLM by 58 ± 5% and decreased the stimulated current of KCa3.1 by 48 ± 12% compared with control cells. Finally, using siRNA for Myo-Vc, we demonstrated that knockdown of Myo-Vc reduced the BLM expression of KCa3.1 by 44 ± 7% and KCa3.1 K+ current by 1.04 ± 0.14 μA compared with control cells. These data suggest that the microtubule and microfilament cytoskeleton and Myo-Vc are critical for the targeting of KCa3.1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel E Farquhar
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Ely Rodrigues
- Department of Medicine, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
| | - Kirk L Hamilton
- Department of Physiology, Otago School of Medical Sciences, University of Otago Dunedin, New Zealand
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20
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Pylypenko O, Welz T, Tittel J, Kollmar M, Chardon F, Malherbe G, Weiss S, Michel CIL, Samol-Wolf A, Grasskamp AT, Hume A, Goud B, Baron B, England P, Titus MA, Schwille P, Weidemann T, Houdusse A, Kerkhoff E. Coordinated recruitment of Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motors to Rab11 vesicle membranes. eLife 2016; 5. [PMID: 27623148 PMCID: PMC5021521 DOI: 10.7554/elife.17523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
There is growing evidence for a coupling of actin assembly and myosin motor activity in cells. However, mechanisms for recruitment of actin nucleators and motors on specific membrane compartments remain unclear. Here we report how Spir actin nucleators and myosin V motors coordinate their specific membrane recruitment. The myosin V globular tail domain (MyoV-GTD) interacts directly with an evolutionarily conserved Spir sequence motif. We determined crystal structures of MyoVa-GTD bound either to the Spir-2 motif or to Rab11 and show that a Spir-2:MyoVa:Rab11 complex can form. The ternary complex architecture explains how Rab11 vesicles support coordinated F-actin nucleation and myosin force generation for vesicle transport and tethering. New insights are also provided into how myosin activation can be coupled with the generation of actin tracks. Since MyoV binds several Rab GTPases, synchronized nucleator and motor targeting could provide a common mechanism to control force generation and motility in different cellular processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olena Pylypenko
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Tobias Welz
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Janine Tittel
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | - Martin Kollmar
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Florian Chardon
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Gilles Malherbe
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Sabine Weiss
- University Hospital Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Alistair Hume
- University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Bruno Goud
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Bruno Baron
- Institut Pasteur, Biophysics of Macromolecules and their Interactions, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Patrick England
- Institut Pasteur, Biophysics of Macromolecules and their Interactions, Paris, France.,CNRS, UMR 3528, Paris, France
| | - Margaret A Titus
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, United States
| | - Petra Schwille
- Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry, Martinsried, Germany
| | | | - Anne Houdusse
- Institut Curie, PSL Research University, CNRS, UMR 144, F-75005, Paris, France
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21
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Zhang WB, Yao LL, Li XD. The Globular Tail Domain of Myosin-5a Functions as a Dimer in Regulating the Motor Activity. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:13571-9. [PMID: 27129208 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.724328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Myosin-5a contains two heavy chains, which are dimerized via the coiled-coil regions. Thus, myosin-5a comprises two heads and two globular tail domains (GTDs). The GTD is the inhibitory domain that binds to the head and inhibits its motor function. Although the two-headed structure is essential for the processive movement of myosin-5a along actin filaments, little is known about the role of GTD dimerization. Here, we investigated the effect of GTD dimerization on its inhibitory activity. We found that the potent inhibitory activity of the GTD is dependent on its dimerization by the preceding coiled-coil regions, indicating synergistic interactions between the two GTDs and the two heads of myosin-5a. Moreover, we found that alanine mutations of the two conserved basic residues at N-terminal extension of the GTD not only weaken the inhibitory activity of the GTD but also enhance the activation of myosin-5a by its cargo-binding protein melanophilin (Mlph). These results are consistent with the GTD forming a head to head dimer, in which the N-terminal extension of the GTD interacts with the Mlph-binding site in the counterpart GTD. The Mlph-binding site at the GTD-GTD interface must be exposed prior to the binding of Mlph. We therefore propose that the inhibited Myo5a is equilibrated between the folded state, in which the Mlph-binding site is buried, and the preactivated state, in which the Mlph-binding site is exposed, and that Mlph is able to bind to the Myo5a in preactivated state and activates its motor function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Bo Zhang
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Lin-Lin Yao
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Xiang-Dong Li
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
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22
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How peroxisomes partition between cells. A story of yeast, mammals and filamentous fungi. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2016; 41:73-80. [PMID: 27128775 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2016.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Eukaryotic cells are subcompartmentalized into discrete, membrane-enclosed organelles. These organelles must be preserved in cells over many generations to maintain the selective advantages afforded by compartmentalization. Cells use complex molecular mechanisms of organelle inheritance to achieve high accuracy in the sharing of organelles between daughter cells. Here we focus on how a multi-copy organelle, the peroxisome, is partitioned in yeast, mammalian cells, and filamentous fungi, which differ in their mode of cell division. Cells achieve equidistribution of their peroxisomes through organelle transport and retention processes that act coordinately, although the strategies employed vary considerably by organism. Nevertheless, we propose that mechanisms common across species apply to the partitioning of all membrane-enclosed organelles.
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23
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Yao LL, Shen M, Lu Z, Ikebe M, Li XD. Identification of the Isoform-specific Interactions between the Tail and the Head of Class V Myosin. J Biol Chem 2016; 291:8241-50. [PMID: 26912658 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m115.693762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Vertebrates have three isoforms of class V myosin (Myo5), Myo5a, Myo5b, and Myo5c, which are involved in transport of multiple cargoes. It is well established that the motor functions of Myo5a and Myo5b are regulated by a tail inhibition mechanism. Here we found that the motor function of Myo5c was also inhibited by its globular tail domain (GTD), and this inhibition was abolished by high Ca(2+), indicating that the tail inhibition mechanism is conserved in vertebrate Myo5. Interestingly, we found that Myo5a-GTD and Myo5c-GTD were not interchangeable in terms of inhibition of motor function, indicating isoform-specific interactions between the GTD and the head of Myo5. To identify the isoform-specific interactions, we produced a number of Myo5 chimeras by swapping the corresponding regions of Myo5a and Myo5c. We found that Myo5a-GTD, with its H11-H12 loop being substituted with that of Myo5c, was able to inhibit the ATPase activity of Myo5c and that Myo5a-GTD was able to inhibit the ATPase activity of Myo5c-S1 and Myo5c-HMM only when their IQ1 motif was substituted with that of Myo5a. Those results indicate that the H11-H12 loop in the GTD and the IQ1 motif in the head dictate the isoform-specific interactions between the GTD and head of Myo5. Because the IQ1 motif is wrapped by calmodulin, whose conformation is influenced by the sequence of the IQ1 motif, we proposed that the calmodulin bound to the IQ1 motif interacts with the H11-H12 loop of the GTD in the inhibited state of Myo5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin-Lin Yao
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Mei Shen
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Zekuan Lu
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
| | - Mitsuo Ikebe
- the Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas 75708
| | - Xiang-dong Li
- From the Group of Cell Motility and Muscle Contraction, State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China and
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24
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Melanophilin Stimulates Myosin-5a Motor Function by Allosterically Inhibiting the Interaction between the Head and Tail of Myosin-5a. Sci Rep 2015; 5:10874. [PMID: 26039755 PMCID: PMC4454200 DOI: 10.1038/srep10874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The tail-inhibition model is generally accepted for the regulation of myosin-5a motor function. Inhibited myosin-5a is in a folded conformation in which its globular tail domain (GTD) interacts with its head and inhibits its motor function, and high Ca2+ or cargo binding may reduce the interaction between the GTD and the head of myosin-5a, thus activating motor activity. Although it is well established that myosin-5a motor function is regulated by Ca2+, little is known about the effects of cargo binding. We previously reported that melanophilin (Mlph), a myosin-5a cargo-binding protein, is capable of activating myosin-5a motor function. Here, we report that Mlph-GTBDP, a 26 amino-acid-long peptide of Mlph, is sufficient for activating myosin-5a motor function. We demonstrate that Mlph-GTBDP abolishes the interaction between the head and GTD of myosin-5a, thereby inducing a folded-to-extended conformation transition for myosin-5a and activating its motor function. Mutagenesis of the GTD shows that the GTD uses two distinct, non-overlapping regions to interact with Mlph-GTBDP and the head of myosin-5a. We propose that the GTD is an allosteric protein and that Mlph allosterically inhibits the interaction between the GTD and head of myosin-5a, thereby activating myosin-5a motor function.
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Donovan KW, Bretscher A. Head-to-tail regulation is critical for the in vivo function of myosin V. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 209:359-65. [PMID: 25940346 PMCID: PMC4427785 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201411010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Myo2p is regulated by a head-to-tail interaction and defects in this regulatory mechanism lead to a host of cellular problems in vivo, including impaired cargo capture and delayed motor recycling Cell organization requires regulated cargo transport along cytoskeletal elements. Myosin V motors are among the most conserved organelle motors and have been well characterized in both yeast and mammalian systems. Biochemical data for mammalian myosin V suggest that a head-to-tail autoinhibitory interaction is a primary means of regulation, but the in vivo significance of this interaction has not been studied. Here we generated and characterized mutations in the yeast myosin V Myo2p to reveal that it is regulated by a head-to-tail interaction and that loss of regulation renders the myosin V constitutively active. We show that an unregulated motor is very deleterious for growth, resulting in severe defects in Myo2-mediated transport processes, including secretory vesicle transport, mitochondrial inheritance, and nuclear orientation. All of the defects associated with motor misregulation could be rescued by artificially restoring regulation. Thus, spatial and temporal regulation of myosin V in vivo by a head-to-tail interaction is critical for the normal delivery functions of the motor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirk W Donovan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
| | - Anthony Bretscher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Weill Institute for Cell and Molecular Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
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26
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Millán C, Sammito M, Usón I. Macromolecular ab initio phasing enforcing secondary and tertiary structure. IUCRJ 2015; 2:95-105. [PMID: 25610631 PMCID: PMC4285884 DOI: 10.1107/s2052252514024117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/31/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ab initio phasing of macromolecular structures, from the native intensities alone with no experimental phase information or previous particular structural knowledge, has been the object of a long quest, limited by two main barriers: structure size and resolution of the data. Current approaches to extend the scope of ab initio phasing include use of the Patterson function, density modification and data extrapolation. The authors' approach relies on the combination of locating model fragments such as polyalanine α-helices with the program PHASER and density modification with the program SHELXE. Given the difficulties in discriminating correct small substructures, many putative groups of fragments have to be tested in parallel; thus calculations are performed in a grid or supercomputer. The method has been named after the Italian painter Arcimboldo, who used to compose portraits out of fruit and vegetables. With ARCIMBOLDO, most collections of fragments remain a 'still-life', but some are correct enough for density modification and main-chain tracing to reveal the protein's true portrait. Beyond α-helices, other fragments can be exploited in an analogous way: libraries of helices with modelled side chains, β-strands, predictable fragments such as DNA-binding folds or fragments selected from distant homologues up to libraries of small local folds that are used to enforce nonspecific tertiary structure; thus restoring the ab initio nature of the method. Using these methods, a number of unknown macromolecules with a few thousand atoms and resolutions around 2 Å have been solved. In the 2014 release, use of the program has been simplified. The software mediates the use of massive computing to automate the grid access required in difficult cases but may also run on a single multicore workstation (http://chango.ibmb.csic.es/ARCIMBOLDO_LITE) to solve straightforward cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Millán
- Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Massimo Sammito
- Structural Biology, Molecular Biology Institute of Barcelona, Baldiri Reixac 15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
| | - Isabel Usón
- Structural Biology, ICREA at IBMB-CSIC, Baldiri Reixac 13-15, Barcelona, 08028, Spain
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Lu Q, Li J, Zhang M. Cargo recognition and cargo-mediated regulation of unconventional myosins. Acc Chem Res 2014; 47:3061-70. [PMID: 25230296 DOI: 10.1021/ar500216z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Organized motions are hallmarks of living organisms. Such motions range from collective cell movements during development and muscle contractions at the macroscopic scale all the way down to cellular cargo (e.g., various biomolecules and organelles) transportation and mechanoforce sensing at more microscopic scales. Energy required for these biological motions is almost invariably provided by cellular chemical fuels in the form of nucleotide triphosphate. Biological systems have designed a group of nanoscale engines, known as molecular motors, to convert cellular chemical fuels into mechanical energy. Molecular motors come in various forms including cytoskeleton motors (myosin, kinesin, and dynein), nucleic-acid-based motors, cellular membrane-based rotary motors, and so on. The main focus of this Account is one subfamily of actin filament-based motors called unconventional myosins (other than muscle myosin II, the remaining myosins are collectively referred to as unconventional myosins). In general, myosins can use ATP to fuel two types of mechanomotions: dynamic tethering actin filaments with various cellular compartments or structures and actin filament-based intracellular transport. In contrast to rich knowledge accumulated over many decades on ATP hydrolyzing motor heads and their interactions with actin filaments, how various myosins recognize their specific cargoes and whether and how cargoes can in return regulate functions of motors are less understood. Nonetheless, a series of biochemical and structural investigations in the past few years, including works from our own laboratory, begin to shed lights on these latter questions. Some myosins (e.g., myosin-VI) can function both as cellular transporters and as mechanical tethers. To function as a processive transporter, myosins need to form dimers or multimers. To be a mechanical tether, a monomeric myosin is sufficient. It has been shown for myosin-VI that its cellular cargo proteins can play critical roles in determining the motor properties. Dab2, an adaptor protein linking endocytic vesicles with actin-filament-bound myosin-VI, can induce the motor to form a transport competent dimer. Such a cargo-mediated dimerization mechanism has also been observed in other myosins including myosin-V and myosin-VIIa. The tail domains of myosins are very diverse both in their lengths and protein domain compositions and thus enable motors to engage a broad range of different cellular cargoes. Remarkably, the cargo binding tail of one myosin alone often can bind to multiple distinct target proteins. A series of atomic structures of myosin-V/cargo complexes solved recently reveals that the globular cargo binding tail of the motor contains a number of nonoverlapping target recognition sites for binding to its cargoes including melanophilin, vesicle adaptors RILPL2, and vesicle-bound GTPase Rab11. The structures of the MyTH4-FERM tandems from myosin-VIIa and myosin-X in complex with their respective targets reveal that MyTH4 and FERM domains extensively interact with each other forming structural and functional supramodules in both motors and demonstrate that the structurally similar MyTH4-FERM tandems of the two motors display totally different target binding modes. These structural studies have also shed light on why numerous mutations found in these myosins can cause devastating human diseases such as deafness and blindness, intellectual disabilities, immune disorders, and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lu
- Division
of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Jianchao Li
- Division
of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Division
of Life Science, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Neuroscience, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
- Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, School of
Science and Institute for Advanced Study, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong China
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28
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Structural insights into the assembly of a monomeric class V myosin. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2014; 111:4351-2. [PMID: 24627360 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1403205111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
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