1
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Bock F, Dong X, Li S, Viquez OM, Sha E, Tantengco M, Hennen EM, Plosa E, Ramezani A, Brown KL, Whang YM, Terker AS, Arroyo JP, Harrison DG, Fogo A, Brakebusch CH, Pozzi A, Zent R. Rac1 promotes kidney collecting duct repair by mechanically coupling cell morphology to mitotic entry. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2024; 10:eadi7840. [PMID: 38324689 PMCID: PMC10849615 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adi7840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Prolonged obstruction of the ureter, which leads to injury of the kidney collecting ducts, results in permanent structural damage, while early reversal allows for repair. Cell structure is defined by the actin cytoskeleton, which is dynamically organized by small Rho guanosine triphosphatases (GTPases). In this study, we identified the Rho GTPase, Rac1, as a driver of postobstructive kidney collecting duct repair. After the relief of ureteric obstruction, Rac1 promoted actin cytoskeletal reconstitution, which was required to maintain normal mitotic morphology allowing for successful cell division. Mechanistically, Rac1 restricted excessive actomyosin activity that stabilized the negative mitotic entry kinase Wee1. This mechanism ensured mechanical G2-M checkpoint stability and prevented premature mitotic entry. The repair defects following injury could be rescued by direct myosin inhibition. Thus, Rac1-dependent control of the actin cytoskeleton integrates with the cell cycle to mediate kidney tubular repair by preventing dysmorphic cells from entering cell division.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Bock
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xinyu Dong
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Shensen Li
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Olga M. Viquez
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Eric Sha
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Matthew Tantengco
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Hennen
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Erin Plosa
- Division of Neonatology, Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Alireza Ramezani
- Interdisciplinary Center for Quantitative Modeling in Biology, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - Kyle L. Brown
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Young Mi Whang
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Andrew S. Terker
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Juan Pablo Arroyo
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - David G. Harrison
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Agnes Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Cord H. Brakebusch
- Biotech Research Center, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen DK-2200, Denmark
| | - Ambra Pozzi
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Physiology and Molecular Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Roy Zent
- Division of Nephrology and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs Hospital, Tennessee Valley Healthcare System, Nashville, TN, USA
- Vanderbilt Center for Kidney Disease, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
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2
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CK1 Is a Druggable Regulator of Microtubule Dynamics and Microtubule-Associated Processes. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14051345. [PMID: 35267653 PMCID: PMC8909099 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14051345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Protein kinases of the Casein Kinase 1 family play a vital role in the regulation of numerous cellular processes. Apart from functions associated with regulation of proliferation, differentiation, or apoptosis, localization of several Casein Kinase 1 isoforms to the centrosome and microtubule asters also implicates regulatory functions in microtubule dynamic processes. Being localized to the spindle apparatus during mitosis Casein Kinase 1 directly modulates microtubule dynamics by phosphorylation of tubulin isoforms. Additionally, site-specific phosphorylation of microtubule-associated proteins can be related to the maintenance of genomic stability but also microtubule stabilization/destabilization, e.g., by hyper-phosphorylation of microtubule-associated protein 1A and RITA1. Consequently, approaches interfering with Casein Kinase 1-mediated microtubule-specific functions might be exploited as therapeutic strategies for the treatment of cancer. Currently pursued strategies include the development of Casein Kinase 1 isoform-specific small molecule inhibitors and therapeutically useful peptides specifically inhibiting kinase-substrate interactions.
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Catarzi D, Varano F, Vigiani E, Lambertucci C, Spinaci A, Volpini R, Colotta V. Casein Kinase 1δ Inhibitors as Promising Therapeutic Agents for Neurodegenerative Disorders. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4698-4737. [PMID: 35232339 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220301115124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 (CK1) belongs to the serine-threonine kinase family and is expressed in all eukaryotic organisms. At least six human isoforms of CK1 (termed α, γ1-3, δ and ε) have been cloned and characterized. CK1 isoform modulates several physiological processes, including DNA damage repair, circadian rhythm, cellular proliferation and apoptosis. Therefore, CK1 dysfunction may trigger diverse pathologies, such as cancer, inflammation and central nervous system disorders. Overexpression and aberrant activity of CK1 has been connected to hyperphosphorylation of key proteins implicated in the development of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Parkinson's and Alzheimer's diseases and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis. Thus, CK1 inhibitors have attracted attention as potential drugs for these pathologies and several compounds have been synthesized or isolated from natural sources to be evaluated for their CK1 inhibitory activity. Here we report a comprehensive review on the development of CK1 inhibitors, with a particular emphasis on structure-activity relationships and computational studies which provide useful insight for the design of novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Catarzi
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Flavia Varano
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Erica Vigiani
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
| | - Catia Lambertucci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Andrea Spinaci
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Rosaria Volpini
- Scuola di Scienze del Farmaco e dei Prodotti della Salute, Università degli Studi di Camerino, Via S. Agostino 1, 62032 Camerino (MC), Italy
| | - Vittoria Colotta
- Dipartimento di Neuroscienze, Psicologia, Area del Farmaco e Salute del Bambino, Sezione di Farmaceutica e Nutraceutica, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Via Ugo Schiff, 6, 50019 Sesto Fiorentino, Italy
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4
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Walker WH, Bumgarner JR, Walton JC, Liu JA, Meléndez-Fernández OH, Nelson RJ, DeVries AC. Light Pollution and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E9360. [PMID: 33302582 PMCID: PMC7764771 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
For many individuals in industrialized nations, the widespread adoption of electric lighting has dramatically affected the circadian organization of physiology and behavior. Although initially assumed to be innocuous, exposure to artificial light at night (ALAN) is associated with several disorders, including increased incidence of cancer, metabolic disorders, and mood disorders. Within this review, we present a brief overview of the molecular circadian clock system and the importance of maintaining fidelity to bright days and dark nights. We describe the interrelation between core clock genes and the cell cycle, as well as the contribution of clock genes to oncogenesis. Next, we review the clinical implications of disrupted circadian rhythms on cancer, followed by a section on the foundational science literature on the effects of light at night and cancer. Finally, we provide some strategies for mitigation of disrupted circadian rhythms to improve health.
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Affiliation(s)
- William H. Walker
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - Jacob R. Bumgarner
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - James C. Walton
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - Jennifer A. Liu
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - O. Hecmarie Meléndez-Fernández
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - Randy J. Nelson
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
| | - A. Courtney DeVries
- Department of Neuroscience, Rockefeller Neuroscience Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA; (J.R.B.); (J.C.W.); (J.A.L.); (O.H.M.-F.); (R.J.N.); (A.C.D.)
- Department of Medicine, Division of Oncology/Hematology, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
- West Virginia University Cancer Institute, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, USA
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5
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Xia Q, Li Y, Han D, Dong L. SMURF1, a promoter of tumor cell progression? Cancer Gene Ther 2020; 28:551-565. [PMID: 33204002 DOI: 10.1038/s41417-020-00255-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Revised: 10/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of HECT-type E3 ubiquitin ligase SMURF1 is correlated with poor prognosis in patients with various cancers, such as glioblastoma, colon cancer, and clear cell renal cell carcinoma. SMURF1 acts as a tumor promoter by ubiquitination modification and/or degradation of tumor-suppressing proteins. Combined treatment of Smurf1 knockdown with rapamycin showed collaborative antitumor effects in mice. This review described the role of HECT, WW, and C2 domains in regulating SMURF1 substrate selection. We summarized up to date SMURF1 substrates regulating different type cell signaling, thus, accelerating tumor progression, invasion, and metastasis. Furthermore, the downregulation of SMURF1 expression, inhibition of its E3 activity and regulation of its specificity to substrates prevent tumor progression. The potential application of SMURF1 regulators, specifically, wisely choose certain drugs by blocking SMURF1 selectivity in tumor suppressors, to develop novel anticancer treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Xia
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Da Han
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China
| | - Lei Dong
- School of Life Science, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China.
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6
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Mazzoldi EL, Pastò A, Ceppelli E, Pilotto G, Barbieri V, Amadori A, Pavan S. Casein Kinase 1 Delta Regulates Cell Proliferation, Response to Chemotherapy and Migration in Human Ovarian Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2019; 9:1211. [PMID: 31799185 PMCID: PMC6874158 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2019.01211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Casein kinase 1 delta (CK1δ) has a tumor-promoting role in different cancers and it is genetically amplified in a portion of human epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC). CK1δ is involved in pleiotropic cellular functions such as cell proliferation, DNA damage, and migration. We specifically knocked down CK1δ by short hairpin RNA (shRNA) in human ovarian cancer cells and we performed proliferation, chemosensitivity, as well as in vitro and in vivo migration assays. CK1δ knocked-down cells displayed reduced proliferation capability both in vitro and in vivo. Nonetheless, these cells were sensitized to the first line chemotherapeutic agent carboplatin (CPT), and this observation could be associated to reduced expression levels of p21(Cip1/Waf1), involved in DNA damage response, and the anti-apoptotic X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). Moreover, CK1δ knocked-down cells were affected in their migratory and lung homing capability, even if in opposite ways, i.e., IGROV1, SKOV3 and MES-OV lost, while OVCAR3 gained motility potential. The results suggest CK1δ as a potential exploitable target for pharmacological EOC treatment, but they also advise further investigation of its role in cell migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Laura Mazzoldi
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Pastò
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Elisa Ceppelli
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Giorgia Pilotto
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
| | - Vito Barbieri
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Alberto Amadori
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy.,Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padua, Padua, Italy
| | - Simona Pavan
- Immunology and Diagnostic Molecular Oncology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology, IOV-IRCCS, Padua, Italy
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7
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Xu P, Ianes C, Gärtner F, Liu C, Burster T, Bakulev V, Rachidi N, Knippschild U, Bischof J. Structure, regulation, and (patho-)physiological functions of the stress-induced protein kinase CK1 delta (CSNK1D). Gene 2019; 715:144005. [PMID: 31376410 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.144005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Members of the highly conserved pleiotropic CK1 family of serine/threonine-specific kinases are tightly regulated in the cell and play crucial regulatory roles in multiple cellular processes from protozoa to human. Since their dysregulation as well as mutations within their coding regions contribute to the development of various different pathologies, including cancer and neurodegenerative diseases, they have become interesting new drug targets within the last decade. However, to develop optimized CK1 isoform-specific therapeutics in personalized therapy concepts, a detailed knowledge of the regulation and functions of the different CK1 isoforms, their various splice variants and orthologs is mandatory. In this review we will focus on the stress-induced CK1 isoform delta (CK1δ), thereby addressing its regulation, physiological functions, the consequences of its deregulation for the development and progression of diseases, and its potential as therapeutic drug target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengfei Xu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Chiara Ianes
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Fabian Gärtner
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Congxing Liu
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Timo Burster
- Department of Biology, School of Science and Technology, Nazarbayev University, 53 Kabanbay Batyr Ave, Nur-Sultan 020000, Kazakhstan.
| | - Vasiliy Bakulev
- Ural Federal University named after the first President of Russia B. N. Eltsin, Technology for Organic Synthesis Laboratory, 19 Mirastr., 620002 Ekaterinburg, Russia.
| | - Najma Rachidi
- Unité de Parasitologie Moléculaire et Signalisation, Department of Parasites and Insect Vectors, Institut Pasteur and INSERM U1201, 25-28 Rue du Dr Roux, 75015 Paris, France.
| | - Uwe Knippschild
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
| | - Joachim Bischof
- Department of General and Visceral Surgery, Surgery Center, Ulm University Hospital, Albert-Einstein-Allee 23, 89081 Ulm, Germany.
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Time series modeling of cell cycle exit identifies Brd4 dependent regulation of cerebellar neurogenesis. Nat Commun 2019; 10:3028. [PMID: 31292434 PMCID: PMC6620341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-10799-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar neuronal progenitors undergo a series of divisions before irreversibly exiting the cell cycle and differentiating into neurons. Dysfunction of this process underlies many neurological diseases including ataxia and the most common pediatric brain tumor, medulloblastoma. To better define the pathways controlling the most abundant neuronal cells in the mammalian cerebellum, cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs), we performed RNA-sequencing of GCPs exiting the cell cycle. Time-series modeling of GCP cell cycle exit identified downregulation of activity of the epigenetic reader protein Brd4. Brd4 binding to the Gli1 locus is controlled by Casein Kinase 1δ (CK1 δ)-dependent phosphorylation during GCP proliferation, and decreases during GCP cell cycle exit. Importantly, conditional deletion of Brd4 in vivo in the developing cerebellum induces cerebellar morphological deficits and ataxia. These studies define an essential role for Brd4 in cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis and are critical for designing clinical trials utilizing Brd4 inhibitors in neurological indications. The mechanisms controlling irreversible cell cycle exit in cerebellar granule progenitors (GCPs) have not been fully elucidated. Here, the authors performed RNA-sequencing of GCPs exiting the cell cycle to identify downregulation of Brd4 activity as an early event during cell cycle exit which subsequently regulates Shh activity and is needed for proper cerebellar development
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9
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Drug and disease signature integration identifies synergistic combinations in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2018; 9:5315. [PMID: 30552330 PMCID: PMC6294341 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-07659-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most common primary adult brain tumor. Despite extensive efforts, the median survival for GBM patients is approximately 14 months. GBM therapy could benefit greatly from patient-specific targeted therapies that maximize treatment efficacy. Here we report a platform termed SynergySeq to identify drug combinations for the treatment of GBM by integrating information from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and the Library of Integrated Network-Based Cellular Signatures (LINCS). We identify differentially expressed genes in GBM samples and devise a consensus gene expression signature for each compound using LINCS L1000 transcriptional profiling data. The SynergySeq platform computes disease discordance and drug concordance to identify combinations of FDA-approved drugs that induce a synergistic response in GBM. Collectively, our studies demonstrate that combining disease-specific gene expression signatures with LINCS small molecule perturbagen-response signatures can identify preclinical combinations for GBM, which can potentially be tested in humans. Inherent or acquired resistance to treatment of glioblastoma (GBM) is nearly universal. Here, the authors introduce a platform to identify synergistic drug combinations for patient-specific treatment of GBM based on gene expression signatures and small molecule perturbation-response profiles.
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10
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Modulation of adenylate cyclase signaling in association with MKK3/6 stabilization under combination of SAC and berberine to reduce HepG2 cell survivability. Apoptosis 2018; 22:1362-1379. [PMID: 28836036 DOI: 10.1007/s10495-017-1407-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer cells often have faulty apoptotic pathways resulting in sustenance of survivability, tumour metastasis and resistance to anticancer drugs. Alternate strategies are sought to improve therapeutic efficacy and therefore HepG2 cells were treated with S-allyl-cysteine (SAC) and berberine (BER) to analyze their mechanistic impact upon necroptosis along with its interacting relationship to apoptosis. In the present study we observed that SAC and BER exposure reduced NFκβ nuclear translocation through adenylate cyclase-cAMP-protein kinaseA axis and eventually evaded c-FLIP inhibition. Effective RIP1 k63-polyubiquitination and persistent MKK3/MKK6 expression during drug treatment potentiated caspase8 activity via p53-DISC conformation. Resultant tBid associated lysosomal protease mediated AIF truncation induced DNA fragmentation and persuaded effector caspase mediated scramblase activation resulting induction of necroptosis in parallel to apoptotic events. SAC+BER effectively reduced Rb-phosphorylation resulting insignificant nuclear E2F presence led to ending of cell proliferation. Therefore necroptosis augmented the drug response and may be targeted alongside cell proliferation inhibition in formation of efficient therapeutics against liver cancer.
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11
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Gaucher J, Montellier E, Sassone-Corsi P. Molecular Cogs: Interplay between Circadian Clock and Cell Cycle. Trends Cell Biol 2018; 28:368-379. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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12
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Chan KY, Alonso-Nuñez M, Grallert A, Tanaka K, Connolly Y, Smith DL, Hagan IM. Dialogue between centrosomal entrance and exit scaffold pathways regulates mitotic commitment. J Cell Biol 2017; 216:2795-2812. [PMID: 28774892 PMCID: PMC5584178 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201702172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2017] [Revised: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The fission yeast scaffold molecule Sid4 anchors the septum initiation network to the spindle pole body (SPB, centrosome equivalent) to control mitotic exit events. A second SPB-associated scaffold, Cut12, promotes SPB-associated Cdk1-cyclin B to drive mitotic commitment. Signals emanating from each scaffold have been assumed to operate independently to promote two distinct outcomes. We now find that signals from Sid4 contribute to the Cut12 mitotic commitment switch. Specifically, phosphorylation of Sid4 by NIMAFin1 reduces Sid4 affinity for its SPB anchor, Ppc89, while also enhancing Sid4's affinity for casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ). The resulting phosphorylation of Sid4 by the newly docked CK1δ recruits Chk2Cds1 to Sid4. Chk2Cds1 then expels the Cdk1-cyclin B antagonistic phosphatase Flp1/Clp1 from the SPB. Flp1/Clp1 departure can then support mitotic commitment when Cdk1-cyclin B activation at the SPB is compromised by reduction of Cut12 function. Such integration of signals emanating from neighboring scaffolds shows how centrosomes/SPBs can integrate inputs from multiple pathways to control cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yoow Chan
- Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Marisa Alonso-Nuñez
- Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Agnes Grallert
- Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Kayoko Tanaka
- Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Yvonne Connolly
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Duncan L Smith
- Biological Mass Spectrometry Facility, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
| | - Iain M Hagan
- Cell Division Group, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, England, UK
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13
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Abstract
Chronotherapeutics aim at treating illnesses according to the endogenous biologic rhythms, which moderate xenobiotic metabolism and cellular drug response. The molecular clocks present in individual cells involve approximately fifteen clock genes interconnected in regulatory feedback loops. They are coordinated by the suprachiasmatic nuclei, a hypothalamic pacemaker, which also adjusts the circadian rhythms to environmental cycles. As a result, many mechanisms of diseases and drug effects are controlled by the circadian timing system. Thus, the tolerability of nearly 500 medications varies by up to fivefold according to circadian scheduling, both in experimental models and/or patients. Moreover, treatment itself disrupted, maintained, or improved the circadian timing system as a function of drug timing. Improved patient outcomes on circadian-based treatments (chronotherapy) have been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, especially for cancer and inflammatory diseases. However, recent technological advances have highlighted large interpatient differences in circadian functions resulting in significant variability in chronotherapy response. Such findings advocate for the advancement of personalized chronotherapeutics through interdisciplinary systems approaches. Thus, the combination of mathematical, statistical, technological, experimental, and clinical expertise is now shaping the development of dedicated devices and diagnostic and delivery algorithms enabling treatment individualization. In particular, multiscale systems chronopharmacology approaches currently combine mathematical modeling based on cellular and whole-body physiology to preclinical and clinical investigations toward the design of patient-tailored chronotherapies. We review recent systems research works aiming to the individualization of disease treatment, with emphasis on both cancer management and circadian timing system–resetting strategies for improving chronic disease control and patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annabelle Ballesta
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Pasquale F Innominato
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Robert Dallmann
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - David A Rand
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
| | - Francis A Lévi
- Warwick Medical School (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., F.A.L.) and Warwick Mathematics Institute (A.B., D.A.R.), University of Warwick, Coventry, United Kingdom; Warwick Systems Biology and Infectious Disease Epidemiological Research Centre, Senate House, Coventry, United Kingdom (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); INSERM-Warwick European Associated Laboratory "Personalising Cancer Chronotherapy through Systems Medicine" (C2SysMed), Unité mixte de Recherche Scientifique 935, Centre National de Recherche Scientifique Campus, Villejuif, France (A.B., P.F.I., R.D., D.A.R., F.A.L.); and Queen Elisabeth Hospital Birmingham, University Hospitals Birmingham National Health Service Foundation Trust, Cancer Unit, Edgbaston Birmingham, United Kingdom (P.F.I., F.A.L.)
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14
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Wei R, Guo J, Li M, Yang X, Zhu R, Huang H, Li K, Zhang L, Gao R. Smurf1 controls S phase progression and tumorigenesis through Wee1 degradation. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1150-1158. [DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfei Wei
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Jing Guo
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
- Department of Inorganic Non-metallic Materials; School of Materials Science and Engineering; University of Science and Technology Beijing; China
| | - Mengyuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Xingjiu Yang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Ruimin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Hao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Kejuan Li
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
| | - Lingqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics; Beijing Proteome Research Center; Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Beijing China
| | - Ran Gao
- Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative Medicine; Ministry of Health; Institute of Laboratory Animal Science; Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Comparative Medical Center; Peking Union Medical College; Beijing China
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15
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Rosenberg LH, Cleveland JL, Roush WR, Duckett DR. CK1δ: an exploitable vulnerability in breast cancer. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2017; 4:474. [PMID: 28090530 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2016.12.15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - John L Cleveland
- Department of Tumor Biology, H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research, Institute, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
| | - Derek R Duckett
- Department of Molecular Therapeutics, Scripps Florida, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, FL, USA
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16
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Penas C, Mishra JK, Wood SD, Schürer SC, Roush WR, Ayad NG. GSK3 inhibitors stabilize Wee1 and reduce cerebellar granule cell progenitor proliferation. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:417-24. [PMID: 25616418 DOI: 10.4161/15384101.2014.974439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin mediated proteolysis is required for transition from one cell cycle phase to another. For instance, the mitosis inhibitor Wee1 is targeted for degradation during S phase and G2 to allow mitotic entry. Wee1 is an essential tyrosine kinase required for the G2/M transition and S-phase progression. Although several studies have concentrated on Wee1 regulation during mitosis, few have elucidated its degradation during interphase. Our prior studies have demonstrated that Wee1 is degraded via CK1δ dependent phosphorylation during the S and G2/M phases of the cell cycle. Here we demonstrate that GSK3β may work in concert with CK1δ to induce Wee1 destruction during interphase. We generated small molecules that specifically stabilized Wee1. We profiled these compounds against 296 kinases and found that they inhibit GSK3α and GSK3β, suggesting that Wee1 may be targeted for proteolysis by GSK3. Consistent with this notion, known GSK3 inhibitors stabilized Wee1 and GSK3β depletion reduced Wee1 turnover. Given Wee1's central role in cell cycle progression, we predicted that GSK3 inhibitors should limit cell proliferation. Indeed, we demonstrate that GSK3 inhibitors potently inhibited proliferation of the most abundant cell in the mammalian brain, the cerebellar granule cell progenitor (GCP). These studies identify a previously unappreciated role for GSK3β mediated regulation of Wee1 during the cell cycle and in neurogenesis. Furthermore, they suggest that pharmacological inhibition of Wee1 may be therapeutically attractive in some cancers where GSK-3β or Wee1 are dysregulated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Penas
- a Center for Therapeutic Innovation; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ; University of Miami ; LPLC ; Miami , FL USA
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17
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Penas C, Hatten ME, Ayad NG. The APC/C and CK1 in the developing brain. Oncotarget 2015. [PMID: 26219466 PMCID: PMC4627257 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.4797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Clara Penas
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
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18
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Penas C, Govek EE, Fang Y, Ramachandran V, Daniel M, Wang W, Maloof ME, Rahaim RJ, Bibian M, Kawauchi D, Finkelstein D, Han JL, Long J, Li B, Robbins DJ, Malumbres M, Roussel MF, Roush WR, Hatten ME, Ayad NG. Casein kinase 1δ is an APC/C(Cdh1) substrate that regulates cerebellar granule cell neurogenesis. Cell Rep 2015; 11:249-60. [PMID: 25843713 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2015.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Revised: 12/23/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although casein kinase 1δ (CK1δ) is at the center of multiple signaling pathways, its role in the expansion of CNS progenitor cells is unknown. Using mouse cerebellar granule cell progenitors (GCPs) as a model for brain neurogenesis, we demonstrate that the loss of CK1δ or treatment of GCPs with a highly selective small molecule inhibits GCP expansion. In contrast, CK1δ overexpression increases GCP proliferation. Thus, CK1δ appears to regulate GCP neurogenesis. CK1δ is targeted for proteolysis via the anaphase-promoting complex/cyclosome (APC/C(Cdh1)) ubiquitin ligase, and conditional deletion of the APC/C(Cdh1) activator Cdh1 in cerebellar GCPs results in higher levels of CK1δ. APC/C(Cdh1) also downregulates CK1δ during cell-cycle exit. Therefore, we conclude that APC/C(Cdh1) controls CK1δ levels to balance proliferation and cell-cycle exit in the developing CNS. Similar studies in medulloblastoma cells showed that CK1δ holds promise as a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Penas
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Eve-Ellen Govek
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Yin Fang
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Vimal Ramachandran
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Mark Daniel
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Weiping Wang
- Department of Systems Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Marie E Maloof
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Ronald J Rahaim
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mathieu Bibian
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Daisuke Kawauchi
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - David Finkelstein
- Department of Computational Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - Jeng-Liang Han
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Jun Long
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Bin Li
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - David J Robbins
- Departments of Surgery and Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Molecular Oncology Program, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL 33136, USA
| | - Marcos Malumbres
- Cell Division and Cancer Group, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Martine F Roussel
- Department of Tumor Cell Biology, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN 38105, USA
| | - William R Roush
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Florida, Jupiter, FL 33458, USA
| | - Mary E Hatten
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA
| | - Nagi G Ayad
- Center for Therapeutic Innovation, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami, Miami, FL 33136, USA.
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19
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Trojanowsky M, Vidovic D, Simanski S, Penas C, Schurer S, Ayad NG. Screening of cell cycle fusion proteins to identify kinase signaling networks. Cell Cycle 2015; 14:1274-81. [PMID: 25606665 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2015.1006987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Kinase signaling networks are well-established mediators of cell cycle transitions. However, how kinases interact with the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) to elicit protein turnover is not fully understood. We sought a means of identifying kinase-substrate interactions to better understand signaling pathways controlling protein degradation. Our prior studies used a luciferase fusion protein to uncover kinase networks controlling protein turnover. In this study, we utilized a similar approach to identify pathways controlling the cell cycle protein p27(Kip1). We generated a p27(Kip1)-luciferase fusion and expressed it in cells incubated with compounds from a library of pharmacologically active compounds. We then compared the relative effects of the compounds on p27(Kip1)-luciferase fusion stabilization. This was combined with in silico kinome profiling to identify potential kinases inhibited by each compound. This approach effectively uncovered known kinases regulating p27(Kip1) turnover. Collectively, our studies suggest that this parallel screening approach is robust and can be applied to fully understand kinase-ubiquitin pathway interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michelle Trojanowsky
- a From the Center for Therapeutic Innovation; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences ; University of Miami ; Miami , FL USA
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