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Zazubovich V, Jankowiak R. High-Resolution Frequency-Domain Spectroscopic and Modeling Studies of Photosystem I (PSI), PSI Mutants and PSI Supercomplexes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3850. [PMID: 38612659 PMCID: PMC11011720 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is one of the two main pigment-protein complexes where the primary steps of oxygenic photosynthesis take place. This review describes low-temperature frequency-domain experiments (absorption, emission, circular dichroism, resonant and non-resonant hole-burned spectra) and modeling efforts reported for PSI in recent years. In particular, we focus on the spectral hole-burning studies, which are not as common in photosynthesis research as the time-domain spectroscopies. Experimental and modeling data obtained for trimeric cyanobacterial Photosystem I (PSI3), PSI3 mutants, and PSI3-IsiA18 supercomplexes are analyzed to provide a more comprehensive understanding of their excitonic structure and excitation energy transfer (EET) processes. Detailed information on the excitonic structure of photosynthetic complexes is essential to determine the structure-function relationship. We will focus on the so-called "red antenna states" of cyanobacterial PSI, as these states play an important role in photochemical processes and EET pathways. The high-resolution data and modeling studies presented here provide additional information on the energetics of the lowest energy states and their chlorophyll (Chl) compositions, as well as the EET pathways and how they are altered by mutations. We present evidence that the low-energy traps observed in PSI are excitonically coupled states with significant charge-transfer (CT) character. The analysis presented for various optical spectra of PSI3 and PSI3-IsiA18 supercomplexes allowed us to make inferences about EET from the IsiA18 ring to the PSI3 core and demonstrate that the number of entry points varies between sample preparations studied by different groups. In our most recent samples, there most likely are three entry points for EET from the IsiA18 ring per the PSI core monomer, with two of these entry points likely being located next to each other. Therefore, there are nine entry points from the IsiA18 ring to the PSI3 trimer. We anticipate that the data discussed below will stimulate further research in this area, providing even more insight into the structure-based models of these important cyanobacterial photosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valter Zazubovich
- Department of Physics, Concordia University, Montreal, QC H4B 1R6, Canada
| | - Ryszard Jankowiak
- Department of Chemistry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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Pavlou A, Mokvist F, Styring S, Mamedov F. Far-red photosynthesis: Two charge separation pathways exist in plant Photosystem II reaction center. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOENERGETICS 2023; 1864:148994. [PMID: 37355002 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2023.148994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
An alternative charge separation pathway in Photosystem II under the far-red light was proposed by us on the basis of electron transfer properties at 295 K and 5 K. Here we extend these studies to the temperature range of 77-295 K with help of electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy. Induction of the S2 state multiline signal, oxidation of Cytochrome b559 and ChlorophyllZ was studied in Photosystem II membrane preparations from spinach after application of a laser flashes in visible (532 nm) or far-red (730-750 nm) spectral regions. Temperature dependence of the S2 state signal induction after single flash at 730-750 nm (Tinhibition ~ 240 K) was found to be different than that at 532 nm (Tinhibition ~ 157 K). No contaminant oxidation of the secondary electron donors cytochrome b559 or chlorophyllZ was observed. Photoaccumulation experiments with extensive flashing at 77 K showed similar results, with no or very little induction of the secondary electron donors. Thus, the partition ratio defined as (yield of YZ/CaMn4O5-cluster oxidation):(yield of Cytb559/ChlZ/CarD2 oxidation) was found to be 0.4 at under visible light and 1.7 at under far-red light at 77 K. Our data indicate that different products of charge separation after far-red light exists in the wide temperature range which further support the model of the different primary photochemistry in Photosystem II with localization of hole on the ChlD1 molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pavlou
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Mokvist
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stenbjörn Styring
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Fikret Mamedov
- Molecular Biomimetics, Department of Chemistry-Ångström, Uppsala University, P.O. Box 523, 751 20 Uppsala, Sweden.
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Hammock HA, Sams CE. Variation in supplemental lighting quality influences key aroma volatiles in hydroponically grown 'Italian Large Leaf' basil. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1184664. [PMID: 37434608 PMCID: PMC10332322 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1184664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/13/2023]
Abstract
The spectral quality of supplemental greenhouse lighting can directly influence aroma volatiles and secondary metabolic resource allocation (i.e., specific compounds and classes of compounds). Research is needed to determine species-specific secondary metabolic responses to supplemental lighting (SL) sources with an emphasis on variations in spectral quality. The primary objective of this experiment was to determine the impact of supplemental narrowband blue (B) and red (R) LED lighting ratios and discrete wavelengths on flavor volatiles in hydroponic basil (Ocimum basilicum var. Italian Large Leaf). A natural light (NL) control and different broadband lighting sources were also evaluated to establish the impact of adding discrete and broadband supplements to the ambient solar spectrum. Each SL treatment provided 8.64 mol.m-2.d-1 (100 µmol.m-2.s-1, 24 h.d-1) photon flux. The daily light integral (DLI) of the NL control averaged 11.75 mol.m-2.d-1 during the growth period (ranging from 4 to 20 mol.m-2.d-1). Basil plants were harvested 45 d after seeding. Using GC-MS, we explored, identified, and quantified several important volatile organic compounds (VOCs) with known influence on sensory perception and/or plant physiological processes of sweet basil. We found that the spectral quality from SL sources, in addition to changes in the spectra and DLI of ambient sunlight across growing seasons, directly influence basil aroma volatile concentrations. Further, we found that specific ratios of narrowband B/R wavelengths, combinations of discrete narrowband wavelengths, and broadband wavelengths directly and differentially influence the overall aroma profile as well as specific compounds. Based on the results of this study, we recommend supplemental 450 and 660 nm (± 20 nm) wavelengths at a ratio of approximately 10B/90R at 100-200 µmol.m-2.s-1, 12-24 h.d-1 for sweet basil grown under standard greenhouse conditions, with direct consideration of the natural solar spectrum and DLI provided for any given location and growing season. This experiment demonstrates the ability to use discrete narrowband wavelengths to augment the natural solar spectrum to provide an optimal light environment across variable growing seasons. Future experiments should investigate SL spectral quality for the optimization of sensory compounds in other high-value specialty crops.
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Sirohiwal A, Pantazis DA. The Electronic Origin of Far-Red-Light-Driven Oxygenic Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202200356. [PMID: 35142017 PMCID: PMC9304563 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Photosystem‐II uses sunlight to trigger charge separation and catalyze water oxidation. Intrinsic properties of chlorophyll a pigments define a natural “red limit” of photosynthesis at ≈680 nm. Nevertheless, charge separation can be triggered with far‐red photons up to 800 nm, without altering the nature of light‐harvesting pigments. Here we identify the electronic origin of this remarkable phenomenon using quantum chemical and multiscale simulations on a native Photosystem‐II model. We find that the reaction center is preorganized for charge separation in the far‐red region by specific chlorophyll–pheophytin pairs, potentially bypassing the light‐harvesting apparatus. Charge transfer can occur along two distinct pathways with one and the same pheophytin acceptor (PheoD1). The identity of the donor chlorophyll (ChlD1 or PD1) is wavelength‐dependent and conformational dynamics broaden the sampling of the far‐red region by the two charge‐transfer states. The two pathways rationalize spectroscopic observations and underpin designed extensions of the photosynthetically active radiation limit.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
| | - Dimitrios A Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung, Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1, 45470, Mülheim an der Ruhr, Germany
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Sirohiwal A, Pantazis DA. The Electronic Origin of Far‐Red‐Light‐Driven Oxygenic Photosynthesis. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202200356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Sirohiwal
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
| | - Dimitrios A. Pantazis
- Max-Planck-Institut für Kohlenforschung Kaiser-Wilhelm-Platz 1 45470 Mülheim an der Ruhr Germany
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6
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Breaking the Red Limit: Efficient Trapping of Long-Wavelength Excitations in Chlorophyll-f-Containing Photosystem I. Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2020.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Cherepanov DA, Shelaev IV, Gostev FE, Aybush AV, Mamedov MD, Shuvalov VA, Semenov AY, Nadtochenko VA. Generation of ion-radical chlorophyll states in the light-harvesting antenna and the reaction center of cyanobacterial photosystem I. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2020; 146:55-73. [PMID: 32144697 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-020-00731-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The energy and charge-transfer processes in photosystem I (PS I) complexes isolated from cyanobacteria Thermosynechococcus elongatus and Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 were investigated by pump-to-probe femtosecond spectroscopy. The formation of charge-transfer (CT) states in excitonically coupled chlorophyll a complexes (exciplexes) was monitored by measuring the electrochromic shift of β-carotene in the spectral range 500-510 nm. The excitation of high-energy chlorophyll in light-harvesting antenna of both species was not accompanied by immediate appearance of an electrochromic shift. In PS I from T. elongatus, the excitation of long-wavelength chlorophyll (LWC) caused a pronounced electrochromic effect at 502 nm assigned to the appearance of CT states of chlorophyll exciplexes. The formation of ion-radical pair P700+A1- at 40 ps was limited by energy transfer from LWC to the primary donor P700 and accompanied by carotenoid bleach at 498 nm. In PS I from Synechocystis 6803, the excitation at 720 nm produced an immediate bidentate bleach at 690/704 nm and synchronous carotenoid response at 508 nm. The bidentate bleach was assigned to the formation of primary ion-radical state PB+Chl2B-, where negative charge is localized predominantly at the accessory chlorophyll molecule in the branch B, Chl2B. The following decrease of carotenoid signal at ~ 5 ps was ascribed to electron transfer to the more distant molecule Chl3B. The reduction of phylloquinone in the sites A1A and A1B was accompanied by a synchronous blue-shift of the carotenoid response to 498 nm, pointing to fast redistribution of unpaired electron between two branches in favor of the state PB+A1A-.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dmitry A Cherepanov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ivan V Shelaev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Fedor E Gostev
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Arseniy V Aybush
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Mahir D Mamedov
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Kosygina st., 4, Moscow, Russia, 117991
| | - Vladimir A Shuvalov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Kosygina st., 4, Moscow, Russia, 117991
- Institute of Basic Biological Problems, Pushchino Scientific Center for Biological Research, Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Moscow Region, Russia
| | - Alexey Yu Semenov
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Kosygina st., 4, Moscow, Russia, 117991
| | - Victor A Nadtochenko
- N.N. Semenov Federal Research Center for Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
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Tamamizu K, Kumazaki S. Spectral microscopic imaging of heterocysts and vegetative cells in two filamentous cyanobacteria based on spontaneous Raman scattering and photoluminescence by 976 nm excitation. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2018; 1860:78-88. [PMID: 30414930 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2018.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Revised: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosynthetic pigment-protein complexes are highly concentrated in thylakoid membranes of chloroplasts and cyanobacteria that emit strong autofluorescence (mainly 600-800 nm). In Raman scattering microscopy that enables imaging of pigment concentrations of thylakoid membranes, near infrared laser excitation at 1064 nm or visible laser excitation at 488-532 nm has been often employed in order to avoid the autofluorescence. Here we explored a new approach to Raman imaging of thylakoid membranes by using excitation wavelength of 976 nm. Two types of differentiated cells, heterocysts and vegetative cells, in two diazotrophic filamentous cyanobacteria, Anabaena variabilis, and Rivularia M-261, were characterized. Relative Raman scattering intensities of phycobilisomes of the heterocyst in comparison with the nearest vegetative cells of Rivularia remained at a significantly higher level than those of A. variabilis. It was also found that the 976 nm excitation induces photoluminescence around 1017-1175 nm from the two cyanobacteria, green alga (Parachlorella kessleri) and plant (Arabidopsis thaliana). We propose that this photoluminescence can be used as an index of concentration of chlorophyll a that has relatively small Raman scattering cross-sections. The Rivularia heterocysts that we analyzed were clearly classified into at least two subgroups based on the Chla-associated photoluminescence and carotenoid Raman bands, indicating two physiologically distinct states in the development or aging of the terminal heterocyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kouto Tamamizu
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Shigeichi Kumazaki
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Nürnberg DJ, Morton J, Santabarbara S, Telfer A, Joliot P, Antonaru LA, Ruban AV, Cardona T, Krausz E, Boussac A, Fantuzzi A, Rutherford AW. Photochemistry beyond the red limit in chlorophyll f-containing photosystems. Science 2018; 360:1210-1213. [PMID: 29903971 DOI: 10.1126/science.aar8313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Photosystems I and II convert solar energy into the chemical energy that powers life. Chlorophyll a photochemistry, using red light (680 to 700 nm), is near universal and is considered to define the energy "red limit" of oxygenic photosynthesis. We present biophysical studies on the photosystems from a cyanobacterium grown in far-red light (750 nm). The few long-wavelength chlorophylls present are well resolved from each other and from the majority pigment, chlorophyll a. Charge separation in photosystem I and II uses chlorophyll f at 745 nm and chlorophyll f (or d) at 727 nm, respectively. Each photosystem has a few even longer-wavelength chlorophylls f that collect light and pass excitation energy uphill to the photochemically active pigments. These photosystems function beyond the red limit using far-red pigments in only a few key positions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Stefano Santabarbara
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alison Telfer
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Pierre Joliot
- Institut de Biologie Physico-Chimique, Unité Mixte de Recherche 7141 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique-Université Pierre et Marie Curie, 13 Rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Laura A Antonaru
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Alexander V Ruban
- School of Biological and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, UK
| | - Tanai Cardona
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Elmars Krausz
- Istituto di Biofisica, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, via Celoria 26, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Alain Boussac
- Institut de Biologie Intégrative de la Cellule, UMR 9198, Bât 532, CEA Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Andrea Fantuzzi
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK.
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Mechanism of adiabatic primary electron transfer in photosystem I: Femtosecond spectroscopy upon excitation of reaction center in the far-red edge of the QY band. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:895-905. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 08/14/2017] [Accepted: 08/16/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Herascu N, Hunter MS, Shafiei G, Najafi M, Johnson TW, Fromme P, Zazubovich V. Spectral Hole Burning in Cyanobacterial Photosystem I with P700 in Oxidized and Neutral States. J Phys Chem B 2016; 120:10483-10495. [PMID: 27661089 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.6b07803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicoleta Herascu
- Department
of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H4B 1R4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mark S. Hunter
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Golia Shafiei
- Department
of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H4B 1R4, Quebec, Canada
| | - Mehdi Najafi
- Department
of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H4B 1R4, Quebec, Canada
| | - T. Wade Johnson
- Department
of Chemistry, Susquehanna University, Selinsgrove, Pennsylvania, United States
| | - Petra Fromme
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona, United States
| | - Valter Zazubovich
- Department
of Physics, Concordia University, 7141 Sherbrooke Street West, Montreal, H4B 1R4, Quebec, Canada
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Challenges facing an understanding of the nature of low-energy excited states in photosynthesis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2016; 1857:1627-1640. [PMID: 27372198 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2016.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 06/27/2016] [Accepted: 06/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
While the majority of the photochemical states and pathways related to the biological capture of solar energy are now well understood and provide paradigms for artificial device design, additional low-energy states have been discovered in many systems with obscure origins and significance. However, as low-energy states are naively expected to be critical to function, these observations pose important challenges. A review of known properties of low energy states covering eight photochemical systems, and options for their interpretation, are presented. A concerted experimental and theoretical research strategy is suggested and outlined, this being aimed at providing a fully comprehensive understanding.
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