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Xia M, Li J, Martinez Aguilar LM, Wang J, Trillos Almanza MC, Li Y, Buist-Homan M, Moshage H. Arctigenin Attenuates Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation via Endoplasmic Reticulum-Associated Degradation (ERAD)-Mediated Restoration of Lipid Homeostasis. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2025. [PMID: 40415275 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.5c01366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2025]
Abstract
Arctigenin, a natural lignan from Arctium lappa L., exhibits potent antifibrotic activity, yet its molecular mechanisms remain unclear. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is known to promote hepatic stellate cell (HSC) activation and liver fibrosis. This study investigates the therapeutic potential of arctigenin in HSC activation through ER stress modulation. Primary rat HSCs were activated (3-7 days) and treated with tunicamycin (ER stress inducer) or 4-PBA (ER stress inhibitor). Arctigenin attenuated ER stress markers (e.g., GRP78) and suppressed the expression of fibrotic marker α-SMA in ER stress-challenged activating (day 3) and activated (day 7) HSCs. Arctigenin restored lipid homeostasis by modulation of both lipogenesis (via Dgat2 and Ppar-γ upregulation) and lipolysis (suppression via ATGL inhibition). ER stress activated ER-associated degradation (ERAD), triggering the formation of small lipid droplets (LD). Arctigenin normalized the ERAD activity, thereby rescuing LD integrity and suppressing HSC activation. Our findings demonstrate that arctigenin mitigates HSC activation by suppressing ER stress and restoring lipid homeostasis via modulating ERAD-mediated lipid dysregulation. As a dietary and medicinal compound, arctigenin emerges as a promising therapeutic candidate for liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengmeng Xia
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Jia Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Lizbeth Magnolia Martinez Aguilar
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Junyu Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Maria Camila Trillos Almanza
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Yakun Li
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, The Netherlands
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2
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Dabravolski SA, Churov AV, Sukhorukov VN, Kovyanova TI, Beloyartsev DF, Lyapina IN, Orekhov AN. The role of lipase maturation factor 1 in hypertriglyceridaemia and atherosclerosis: An update. SAGE Open Med 2024; 12:20503121241289828. [PMID: 39483624 PMCID: PMC11526315 DOI: 10.1177/20503121241289828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2024] [Accepted: 09/18/2024] [Indexed: 11/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipase maturation factor 1 is an endoplasmic reticulum-resident transmembrane protein, which acts as a critical chaperone necessary for the folding, dimerisation, and secretion of lipases. In this review, we summarise data about the recently revealed role of lipase maturation factor 1 in endoplasmic reticulum redox homeostasis, its novel interaction partners among oxidoreductases and lectin chaperones, and the identification of fibronectin and the low-density lipoprotein receptor as novel non-lipase client proteins of lipase maturation factor 1. Additionally, the role of lipase maturation factor 1-derived circular RNA in atherosclerosis progression via the miR-125a-3p/vascular endothelial growth factor A\Fibroblast Growth Factor 1 axis is discussed. Finally, we focus on the causative role of lipase maturation factor 1 variants in the development of hypertriglyceridaemia - a type of dyslipidaemia that significantly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis and other cardiovascular diseases via different mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siarhei A Dabravolski
- Department of Biotechnology Engineering, Braude Academic College of Engineering, Karmiel, Israel
| | - Alexey V Churov
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Tatiana I Kovyanova
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Institute for Atherosclerosis Research, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Irina N Lyapina
- Institute of General Pathology and Pathophysiology, Moscow, Russia
- Research Institute for Complex Issues of Cardiovascular Diseases, Kemerovo, Russia
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3
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Waldherr SM, Han M, Saxton AD, Vadset TA, McMillan PJ, Wheeler JM, Liachko NF, Kraemer BC. Endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response transcriptional targets of XBP-1s mediate rescue from tauopathy. Commun Biol 2024; 7:903. [PMID: 39060347 PMCID: PMC11282107 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06570-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Pathological tau disrupts protein homeostasis (proteostasis) within neurons in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and related disorders. We previously showed constitutive activation of the endoplasmic reticulum unfolded protein response (UPRER) transcription factor XBP-1s rescues tauopathy-related proteostatic disruption in a tau transgenic Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) model of human tauopathy. XBP-1s promotes clearance of pathological tau, and loss of function of the ATF-6 branch of the UPRER prevents XBP-1s rescue of tauopathy in C. elegans. We conducted transcriptomic analysis of tau transgenic and xbp-1s transgenic C. elegans and found 116 putative target genes significantly upregulated by constitutively active XBP-1s. Among these were five candidate XBP-1s target genes with human orthologs and a previously known association with ATF6 (csp-1, dnj-28, hsp-4, ckb-2, and lipl-3). We examined the functional involvement of these targets in XBP-1s-mediated tauopathy suppression and found loss of function in any one of these genes completely disrupts XBP-1s suppression of tauopathy. Further, we demonstrate upregulation of HSP-4, C. elegans BiP, partially rescues tauopathy independent of other changes in the transcriptional network. Understanding how the UPRER modulates pathological tau accumulation will inform neurodegenerative disease mechanisms and direct further study in mammalian systems with the long-term goal of identifying therapeutic targets in human tauopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Waldherr
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
| | - Marina Han
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Aleen D Saxton
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Taylor A Vadset
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Pamela J McMillan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Jeanna M Wheeler
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
| | - Nicole F Liachko
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Brian C Kraemer
- Geriatrics Research Education and Clinical Center, Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA, 98108, USA.
- Division of Gerontology and Geriatric Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98104, USA.
- Graduate Program in Neuroscience, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
- Department of Pathology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.
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4
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Wheless A, Gunn KH, Neher SB. Macromolecular Interactions of Lipoprotein Lipase (LPL). Subcell Biochem 2024; 104:139-179. [PMID: 38963487 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-58843-3_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/05/2024]
Abstract
Lipoprotein lipase (LPL) is a critical enzyme in humans that provides fuel to peripheral tissues. LPL hydrolyzes triglycerides from the cores of lipoproteins that are circulating in plasma and interacts with receptors to mediate lipoprotein uptake, thus directing lipid distribution via catalytic and non-catalytic functions. Functional losses in LPL or any of its myriad of regulators alter lipid homeostasis and potentially affect the risk of developing cardiovascular disease-either increasing or decreasing the risk depending on the mutated protein. The extensive LPL regulatory network tunes LPL activity to allocate fatty acids according to the energetic needs of the organism and thus is nutritionally responsive and tissue dependent. Multiple pharmaceuticals in development manipulate or mimic these regulators, demonstrating their translational importance. Another facet of LPL biology is that the oligomeric state of the enzyme is also central to its regulation. Recent structural studies have solidified the idea that LPL is regulated not only by interactions with other binding partners but also by self-associations. Here, we review the complexities of the protein-protein and protein-lipid interactions that govern LPL structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wheless
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Kathryn H Gunn
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, USA
| | - Saskia B Neher
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA.
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Genome-Wide Association Study Identifies Multiple Susceptibility Loci for Malignant Neoplasms of the Brain in Taiwan. J Pers Med 2022; 12:jpm12071161. [PMID: 35887658 PMCID: PMC9323978 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12071161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary brain malignancy is a rare tumor with a global incidence of less than 10 per 100,000 people. Hence, there is limited power for identifying risk loci in individual studies, especially for Han Chinese. We performed a genome-wide association study (GWAS) in Taiwan, including 195 cases and 195 controls. We identified five new genes for malignant neoplasms of the brain: EDARADD (rs645507, 1p31.3, p = 7.71 × 10−5, odds ratio (OR) = 1.893), RBFOX1 (rs8044700, p = 2.35 × 10−5, OR = 2.36), LMF1 (rs3751667, p = 7.24 × 10−7, OR = 2.17), DPP6 (rs67433368, p = 8.32 × 10−5, OR = 3.94), and NDUFB9 (rs7827791, p = 9.73 × 10−6, OR = 4.42). These data support that genetic susceptibility toward GBM or non-GBM tumors is highly distinct, likely reflecting different etiologies. Combined with signaling analysis, we found that RNA modification may be related to major risk factors in primary malignant neoplasms of the brain.
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Yang L, Li Z, Ouyang Y. Taurine attenuates ER stress‑associated apoptosis and catabolism in nucleus pulposus cells. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:172. [PMID: 35315493 PMCID: PMC8971911 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Nucleus pulposus (NP) apoptosis and subsequent excessive degradation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) are key pathological characteristics of intervertebral disc degeneration (IDD). The present study aims to examine the signaling processes underlying the effects of taurine on IDD, with specific focus on endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated apoptosis and ECM degradation, in NP cells. To clarify the role of taurine in IDD, NP cells were treated with various concentrations of taurine and IL-1β or thapsigargin (TG). Cell Counting Kit-8, western blotting, TUNEL, immunofluorescence assays and reverse transcription-quantitative PCR were applied to measure cell viability, the expression of ER stress-associated proteins (GRP78, CHOP and caspase-12), apoptosis and the levels of metabolic factors associated with ECM (MMP-1, 3, 9, ADAMTS-4, 5 and collagen II), respectively. Taurine was found to attenuate ER stress and prevent apoptosis in NP cells induced by IL-1β treatment. Additionally, taurine significantly decreased the expression of ER stress-activated glucose regulatory protein 78, C/EBP homologous protein and caspase-12. TUNEL results revealed that taurine decreased the number of apoptotic TG-treated NP cells. TG-treated NP cells also exhibited characteristics of increased ECM degradation, supported by observations of increased MMP-1, MMP-3, MMP-9 and A disintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs (ADAMTS)-4 and ADAMTS-5 expression in addition to decreased collagen-II expression. However, taurine treatment significantly reversed all indicators of excessive ECM catabolism aforementioned. These data suggest that taurine can mediate protection against apoptosis and ECM degradation in NP cells by inhibiting ER stress, implicating therapeutic potential for the treatment of IDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liuxie Yang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jing'an District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Zhenhuan Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Jing'an District Zhabei Central Hospital, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Yueping Ouyang
- Department of Orthopedics, Shanghai Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
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7
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Cornman RS, Cryan PM. Positively selected genes in the hoary bat ( Lasiurus cinereus) lineage: prominence of thymus expression, immune and metabolic function, and regions of ancient synteny. PeerJ 2022; 10:e13130. [PMID: 35317076 PMCID: PMC8934532 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.13130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bats of the genus Lasiurus occur throughout the Americas and have diversified into at least 20 species among three subgenera. The hoary bat (Lasiurus cinereus) is highly migratory and ranges farther across North America than any other wild mammal. Despite the ecological importance of this species as a major insect predator, and the particular susceptibility of lasiurine bats to wind turbine strikes, our understanding of hoary bat ecology, physiology, and behavior remains poor. Methods To better understand adaptive evolution in this lineage, we used whole-genome sequencing to identify protein-coding sequence and explore signatures of positive selection. Gene models were predicted with Maker and compared to seven well-annotated and phylogenetically representative species. Evolutionary rate analysis was performed with PAML. Results Of 9,447 single-copy orthologous groups that met evaluation criteria, 150 genes had a significant excess of nonsynonymous substitutions along the L. cinereus branch (P < 0.001 after manual review of alignments). Selected genes as a group had biased expression, most strongly in thymus tissue. We identified 23 selected genes with reported immune functions as well as a divergent paralog of Steep1 within suborder Yangochiroptera. Seventeen genes had roles in lipid and glucose metabolic pathways, partially overlapping with 15 mitochondrion-associated genes; these adaptations may reflect the metabolic challenges of hibernation, long-distance migration, and seasonal variation in prey abundance. The genomic distribution of positively selected genes differed significantly from background expectation by discrete Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (P < 0.001). Remarkably, the top three physical clusters all coincided with islands of conserved synteny predating Mammalia, the largest of which shares synteny with the human cat-eye critical region (CECR) on 22q11. This observation coupled with the expansion of a novel Tbx1-like gene family may indicate evolutionary innovation during pharyngeal arch development: both the CECR and Tbx1 cause dosage-dependent congenital abnormalities in thymus, heart, and head, and craniodysmorphy is associated with human orthologs of other positively selected genes as well.
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8
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Ramdas Nair A, Lakhiani P, Zhang C, Macchi F, Sadler KC. A permissive epigenetic landscape facilitates distinct transcriptional signatures of activating transcription factor 6 in the liver. Genomics 2021; 114:107-124. [PMID: 34863900 DOI: 10.1016/j.ygeno.2021.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Restoring homeostasis following proteostatic stress hinges on a stress-specific transcriptional signature. How these signatures are regulated is unknown. We use functional genomics to uncover how activating transcription factor 6 (ATF6), a central factor in the unfolded protein response, regulates its target genes in response to toxicant induced and physiological stress in the liver. We identified 652 conserved putative ATF6 targets (CPATs), which functioned in metabolism, development and proteostasis. Strikingly, Atf6 activation in the zebrafish liver by transgenic nAtf6 overexpression, ethanol and arsenic exposure resulted in a distinct CPAT signature for each; with only 34 CPATs differentially expressed in all conditions. In contrast, during liver regeneration in mice resulted in a dynamic differential expression pattern of 53% of CPATs. These CPATs were distinguished by residing in open chromatin, H3K4me3 occupancy and the absence of H3K27me3 on their promoters. This suggests that a permissive epigenetic landscape allows stress-specific Atf6 target gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjana Ramdas Nair
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Priyanka Lakhiani
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Chi Zhang
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Filippo Macchi
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates
| | - Kirsten C Sadler
- Program in Biology, New York University Abu Dhabi, PO Box. 129188, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates.
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9
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Cunningham KE, Novak EA, Vincent G, Siow VS, Griffith BD, Ranganathan S, Rosengart MR, Piganelli JD, Mollen KP. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental colitis via inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation. FASEB J 2018; 33:1330-1346. [PMID: 30113881 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800535r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) are increasing worldwide. IBD is known to be multifactorial, but inflammatory signaling within the intestinal epithelium and a subsequent failure of the intestinal epithelial barrier have been shown to play essential roles in disease pathogenesis. CaMKIV is a multifunctional protein kinase associated with inflammation and cell cycle regulation. CaMKIV has been extensively studied in autoimmune diseases, but a role in idiopathic intestinal inflammation has not been described. In this study, active CaMKIV was highly expressed within the intestinal epithelium of humans with ulcerative colitis and wild-type (WT) mice with experimental induced colitis. Clinical disease severity directly correlates with CaMKIV activation, as does expression of proinflammatory cytokines and histologic features of colitis. In WT mice, CaMKIV activation is associated with increases in expression of 2 cell cycle proarrest signals: p53 and p21. Cell cycle arrest inhibits proliferation of the intestinal epithelium and ultimately results in compromised intestinal epithelial barrier integrity, further perpetuating intestinal inflammation during experimental colitis. Using a CaMKIV null mutant mouse, we demonstrate that a loss of CaMKIV protects against murine DSS colitis. Small molecules targeting CaMKIV activation may provide therapeutic benefit for patients with IBD.-Cunningham, K. E., Novak, E. A., Vincent, G., Siow, V. S., Griffith, B. D., Ranganathan, S., Rosengart, M. R., Piganelli, J. D., Mollen, K. P. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase IV (CaMKIV) activation contributes to the pathogenesis of experimental colitis via inhibition of intestinal epithelial cell proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kellie E Cunningham
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Novak
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Garret Vincent
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Vei Shaun Siow
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Brian D Griffith
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Sarangarajan Ranganathan
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Matthew R Rosengart
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jon D Piganelli
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Kevin P Mollen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Division of Pediatric Surgery, Children's Hospital of Pittsburgh, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center (UPMC), Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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10
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Ehrhardt N, Doche ME, Chen S, Mao HZ, Walsh MT, Bedoya C, Guindi M, Xiong W, Ignatius Irudayam J, Iqbal J, Fuchs S, French SW, Mahmood Hussain M, Arditi M, Arumugaswami V, Péterfy M. Hepatic Tm6sf2 overexpression affects cellular ApoB-trafficking, plasma lipid levels, hepatic steatosis and atherosclerosis. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 26:2719-2731. [PMID: 28449094 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddx159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The human transmembrane 6 superfamily member 2 (TM6SF2) gene has been implicated in plasma lipoprotein metabolism, alcoholic and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease and myocardial infarction in multiple genome-wide association studies. To investigate the role of Tm6sf2 in metabolic homeostasis, we generated mice with elevated expression using adeno-associated virus (AAV)-mediated gene delivery. Hepatic overexpression of mouse Tm6sf2 resulted in phenotypes previously observed in Tm6sf2-deficient mice including reduced plasma lipid levels, diminished hepatic triglycerides secretion and increased hepatosteatosis. Furthermore, increased hepatic Tm6sf2 expression protected against the development of atherosclerosis in LDL-receptor/ApoB48-deficient mice. In cultured human hepatocytes, Tm6sf2 overexpression reduced apolipoprotein B secretion and resulted in its accumulation within the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) suggesting impaired ER-to-Golgi trafficking of pre-very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL) particles. Analysis of two metabolic trait-associated coding polymorphisms in the human TM6SF2 gene (rs58542926 and rs187429064) revealed that both variants impact TM6SF2 expression by affecting the rate of protein turnover. These data demonstrate that rs58542926 (E167K) and rs187429064 (L156P) are functional variants and suggest that they influence metabolic traits through altered TM6SF2 protein stability. Taken together, our results indicate that cellular Tm6sf2 level is an important determinant of VLDL metabolism and further implicate TM6SF2 as a causative gene underlying metabolic disease and trait associations at the 19p13.11 locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Ehrhardt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | | | - Shuang Chen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Pediatrics.,Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Hui Z Mao
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Meghan T Walsh
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Candy Bedoya
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Maha Guindi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine
| | - Weidong Xiong
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Joseph Ignatius Irudayam
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA
| | - Jahangir Iqbal
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sebastien Fuchs
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA
| | - Samuel W French
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine.,Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center.,UCLA AIDS Institute, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - M Mahmood Hussain
- Department of Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA.,Winthrop-University Hospital, Mineola, NY 11501, USA
| | - Moshe Arditi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Pediatrics.,Infectious and Immunologic Diseases Research Center, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Pediatrics
| | - Vaithilingaraja Arumugaswami
- Board of Governors Regenerative Medicine Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA 90048, USA.,Department of Surgery
| | - Miklós Péterfy
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA 91766, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences.,Department of Medicine, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
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11
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Shinagawa S, Kobayashi N, Nagata T, Kusaka A, Yamada H, Kondo K, Nakayama K. DNA methylation in the NCAPH2/LMF2 promoter region is associated with hippocampal atrophy in Alzheimer’s disease and amnesic mild cognitive impairment patients. Neurosci Lett 2016; 629:33-37. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2016.06.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Revised: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 06/25/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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12
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Zhang L, Wang HH. The essential functions of endoplasmic reticulum chaperones in hepatic lipid metabolism. Dig Liver Dis 2016; 48:709-16. [PMID: 27133206 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2016.03.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is an essential organelle for protein and lipid synthesis in hepatocytes. ER homeostasis is vital to maintain normal hepatocyte physiology. Perturbed ER functions causes ER stress associated with accumulation of unfolded protein in the ER that activates a series of adaptive signalling pathways, termed unfolded protein response (UPR). The UPR regulates ER chaperone levels to preserve ER protein-folding environment to protect the cell from ER stress. Recent findings reveal an array of ER chaperones that alter the protein-folding environment in the ER of hepatocytes and contribute to dysregulation of hepatocyte lipid metabolism and liver disease. In this review, we will discuss the specific functions of these chaperones in regulation of lipid metabolism, especially de novo lipogenesis and lipid transport and demonstrate their homeostatic role not only for ER-protein synthesis but also for lipid metabolism in hepatocyte.
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Affiliation(s)
- LiChun Zhang
- Department of Emergency, Shengjing Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, China.
| | - Hong-Hui Wang
- College of Biology, Hunan University, Changsha, Hunan Province, China.
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Fernández A, Ordóñez R, Reiter RJ, González-Gallego J, Mauriz JL. Melatonin and endoplasmic reticulum stress: relation to autophagy and apoptosis. J Pineal Res 2015. [PMID: 26201382 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 390] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a dynamic organelle that participates in a number of cellular functions by controlling lipid metabolism, calcium stores, and proteostasis. Under stressful situations, the ER environment is compromised, and protein maturation is impaired; this causes misfolded proteins to accumulate and a characteristic stress response named unfolded protein response (UPR). UPR protects cells from stress and contributes to cellular homeostasis re-establishment; however, during prolonged ER stress, UPR activation promotes cell death. ER stressors can modulate autophagy which in turn, depending of the situation, induces cell survival or death. Interactions of different autophagy- and apoptosis-related proteins and also common signaling pathways have been found, suggesting an interplay between these cellular processes, although their dynamic features are still unknown. A number of pathologies including metabolic, neurodegenerative and cardiovascular diseases, cancer, inflammation, and viral infections are associated with ER stress, leading to a growing interest in targeting components of the UPR as a therapeutic strategy. Melatonin has a variety of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antitumor effects. As such, it modulates apoptosis and autophagy in cancer cells, neurodegeneration and the development of liver diseases as well as other pathologies. Here, we review the effects of melatonin on the main ER stress mechanisms, focusing on its ability to regulate the autophagic and apoptotic processes. As the number of studies that have analyzed ER stress modulation by this indole remains limited, further research is necessary for a better understanding of the crosstalk between ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis and to clearly delineate the mechanisms by which melatonin modulates these responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Fernández
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - Raquel Ordóñez
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - Russel J Reiter
- Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Javier González-Gallego
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
| | - José L Mauriz
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBIOMED), University of León, León, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Hepáticas y Digestivas (CIBERehd), León, Spain
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Ca(2+) homeostasis and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress: An integrated view of calcium signaling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2015; 460:114-21. [PMID: 25998740 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 414] [Impact Index Per Article: 41.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2014] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Cellular Ca(2+) homeostasis is maintained through the integrated and coordinated function of Ca(2+) transport molecules, Ca(2+) buffers and sensors. These molecules are associated with the plasma membrane and different cellular compartments, such as the cytoplasm, nucleus, mitochondria, and cellular reticular network, including the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) to control free and bound Ca(2+) levels in all parts of the cell. Loss of nutrients/energy leads to the loss of cellular homeostasis and disruption of Ca(2+) signaling in both the reticular network and cytoplasmic compartments. As an integral part of cellular physiology and pathology, this leads to activation of ER stress coping responses, such as the unfolded protein response (UPR), and mobilization of pathways to regain ER homeostasis.
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