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Kornilov FD, Shabalkina AV, Lin C, Volynsky PE, Kot EF, Kayushin AL, Lushpa VA, Goncharuk MV, Arseniev AS, Goncharuk SA, Wang X, Mineev KS. The architecture of transmembrane and cytoplasmic juxtamembrane regions of Toll-like receptors. Nat Commun 2023; 14:1503. [PMID: 36932058 PMCID: PMC10023784 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-37042-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are the important participants of the innate immune response. Their spatial organization is well studied for the ligand-binding domains, while a lot of questions remain unanswered for the membrane and cytoplasmic regions of the proteins. Here we use solution NMR spectroscopy and computer simulations to investigate the spatial structures of transmembrane and cytoplasmic juxtamembrane regions of TLR2, TLR3, TLR5, and TLR9. According to our data, all the proteins reveal the presence of a previously unreported structural element, the cytoplasmic hydrophobic juxtamembrane α-helix. As indicated by the functional tests in living cells and bioinformatic analysis, this helix is important for receptor activation and plays a role, more complicated than a linker, connecting the transmembrane and cytoplasmic parts of the proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- F D Kornilov
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - A V Shabalkina
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - Cong Lin
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - P E Volynsky
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Institute of Cytology of Russian Academy of Sciences, Tikhoretsky 4, 194064, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - E F Kot
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - A L Kayushin
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - V A Lushpa
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia
| | - M V Goncharuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - A S Arseniev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia
| | - S A Goncharuk
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 130022, Changchun, Jilin, China.
- School of Applied Chemistry and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, Anhui, China.
| | - K S Mineev
- Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, Moscow, 117997, Russia.
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny, 141701, Russia.
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Li Y, Guan J, Wang W, Hou C, Zhou L, Ma J, Cheng Y, Jiao S, Zhou Z. TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator promotes inflammation by stimulating translocation of Toll-like receptor 4 to lipid rafts. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:2744-2756. [PMID: 30573680 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.003137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are key players of the innate immune system and contribute to inflammation and pathogen clearance. Although TLRs have been extensively studied, it remains unclear how exactly bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced conformational changes of the extracellular domain of the TLRs trigger the dimerization of their intracellular domain across the plasma membrane and thereby stimulate downstream signaling. Here, using LPS-stimulated THP-1-derived macrophages and murine macrophages along with immunoblotting and immunofluorescence and quantitative analyses, we report that in response to inflammatory stimuli, the coiled-coil protein TRAF3-interacting JNK-activating modulator (T3JAM) associates with TLR4, promotes its translocation to lipid rafts, and thereby enhances macrophage-mediated inflammation. T3JAM overexpression increased and T3JAM depletion decreased TLR4 signaling through both the MyD88-dependent pathway and TLR4 endocytosis. Importantly, deletion or mutation of T3JAM to disrupt its coiled-coil-mediated homoassociation abrogated TLR4 recruitment to lipid rafts. Consistently, T3JAM depletion in mice dampened TLR4 signaling and alleviated LPS-induced inflammatory damage. Collectively, our findings reveal an additional molecular mechanism by which TLR4 activity is regulated and suggest that T3JAM may function as a molecular clamp to "tighten up" TLR4 and facilitate its translocation to lipid rafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yehua Li
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Jingmin Guan
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Wenjia Wang
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Chun Hou
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, and
| | - Li Zhou
- the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, and
| | - Jian Ma
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031
| | - Yunfeng Cheng
- the Department of Hematology and Institute of Clinical Science, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Shi Jiao
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031,
| | - Zhaocai Zhou
- From the State Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Cell Science, Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200031, .,the School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210 Shanghai, and
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Spatial structure of TLR4 transmembrane domain in bicelles provides the insight into the receptor activation mechanism. Sci Rep 2017; 7:6864. [PMID: 28761155 PMCID: PMC5537299 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-07250-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a key role in the innate and adaptive immune systems. While a lot of structural data is available for the extracellular and cytoplasmic domains of TLRs, and a model of the dimeric full-length TLR3 receptor in the active state was build, the conformation of the transmembrane (TM) domain and juxtamembrane regions in TLR dimers is still unclear. In the present work, we study the transmembrane and juxtamembrane parts of human TLR4 receptor using solution NMR spectroscopy in a variety of membrane mimetics, including phospholipid bicelles. We show that the juxtamembrane hydrophobic region of TLR4 includes a part of long TM α-helix. We report the dimerization interface of the TM domain and claim that long TM domains with transmembrane charged aminoacids is a common feature of human toll-like receptors. This fact is analyzed from the viewpoint of protein activation mechanism, and a model of full-length TLR4 receptor in the dimeric state has been proposed.
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Nguyen TD, Takasuka H, Kaku Y, Inoue S, Nagamune T, Kawahara M. Engineering a growth sensor to select intracellular antibodies in the cytosol of mammalian cells. J Biosci Bioeng 2017; 124:125-132. [PMID: 28319021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2017.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Intracellular antibodies (intrabodies) are expected to function as therapeutics as well as tools for elucidating in vivo function of proteins. In this study, we propose a novel intrabody selection method in the cytosol of mammalian cells by utilizing a growth signal, induced by the interaction of the target antigen and an scFv-c-kit growth sensor. Here, we challenge this method to select specific intrabodies against rabies virus nucleoprotein (RV-N) for the first time. As a result, we successfully select antigen-specific intrabodies from a naïve synthetic library using phage panning followed by our growth sensor-based intracellular selection method, demonstrating the feasibility of the method. Additionally, we succeed in improving the response of the growth sensor by re-engineering the linker region of its construction. Collectively, the described selection method utilizing a growth sensor may become a highly efficient platform for selection of functional intrabodies in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thuy Duong Nguyen
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Takasuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Kaku
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Satoshi Inoue
- Department of Veterinary Science, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan
| | - Teruyuki Nagamune
- Department of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kawahara
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan.
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Zhang Y, Karki R, Igwe OJ. Toll-like receptor 4 signaling: A common pathway for interactions between prooxidants and extracellular disulfide high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein-coupled activation. Biochem Pharmacol 2015; 98:132-43. [PMID: 26367307 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2015.08.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 08/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Necrotic cells passively release HMGB1, which can stimulate TLR4 in an autocrine fashion to potentially initiate "sterile" inflammation that maintains different disease states. We have shown that prooxidants can induce NF-κB activation through TLR4 stimulation. We examined whether prooxidants enhance HMGB1-induced TLR4 signaling through NF-κB activation. We used LPS-EK as a specific agonist for TLR4, and PPC and SIN-1 as in situ sources for ROS. As model systems, we used HEK-Blue cells (stably transfected with mouse TLR4), RAW-Blue™ cells (derived from murine RAW 264.7 macrophages) and primary murine macrophages from TLR4-KO mice. Both HEK-Blue and RAW-Blue 264.7 cells express optimized secreted embryonic alkaline phosphatase (SEAP) reporter under the control of a promoter inducible by NF-κB. We treated cells with HMGB1 alone and/or in conjunction with prooxidants and/or inhibitors using SEAP release as a measure of TLR4 stimulation. HMGB1 alone and/or in conjunction with prooxidants increased TNFα and IL-6 released from TLR4-WT, but not from TLR4-KO macrophages. Pro-oxidants increased HMGB1 release, which we quantified by ELISA. We used both fluorescence microscopy imaging and flow cytometry to quantify the expression of intracellular ROS. TLR4-neutralizing antibody decreased prooxidant-induced HMGB1 release. Prooxidants promoted HMGB1-induced NF-κB activation as determined by increased release of SEAP and TNF-α, and accumulation of iROS. HMGB1 (Box A), anti-HMGB1 and anti-TLR4-neutralizing pAbs inhibited HMGB1-induced NF-κB activation, but HMGB1 (Box A) and anti-HMGB1 pAb had no effect on prooxidant-induced SEAP release. The present results confirm that prooxidants enhance proinflammatory effects of HMGB1 by activating NF-κB through TLR4 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Zhang
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missour-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, HSB # 2247, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA
| | - Rajendra Karki
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missour-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, HSB # 2247, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA
| | - Orisa J Igwe
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, School of Pharmacy, University of Missour-Kansas City, 2464 Charlotte Street, HSB # 2247, Kansas City, MO 64108-2718, USA.
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