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Yao D, Zhao X, Zhao S, Shi H, Ma Y, Li J. Characterization of the fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) promoter and its transcriptional regulation by cAMP response element binding protein 1 (CREB1) in goat mammary epithelial cells. Anim Biotechnol 2023; 34:1960-1967. [PMID: 35416753 DOI: 10.1080/10495398.2022.2061504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Fatty acid binding protein 3 (FABP3) is involved in signal transduction pathways, and in the uptake and utilization of long-chain fatty acids. However, the transcriptional regulation of FABP3 in goat is unclear. In this study, the FABP3 5' flanking region was amplified from goat (Capra hircus) genomic DNA. Luciferase reporter vectors containing promoter fragments of five different lengths were constructed and transfected into dairy goat mammary epithelial cells. The region of the promoter located between -1801 and -166 bp upstream of the transcription start site (TSS) exhibited the highest luciferase activity, and contained two cAMP response elements (CREs) located at -1632 bp and -189 bp. Interference with CREB1 significantly downregulated FABP3 promoter activity. In addition, FABP3 promoter activity was significantly reduced after mutation of the CRE1 (-1632 bp) and CRE2 (-189 bp) sites. Further analysis indicated that the CRE2 site was essential for the transcriptional activity induced by CREB1. These results demonstrated that CREB1 is involved in the transcriptional regulation of FABP3 expression in the goat mammary gland via a direct mechanism, thus revealing a novel signaling pathway involved in fatty acid metabolism in goat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawei Yao
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Xin Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
- College of Life Science, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Shuying Zhao
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
- College of Animal Science and Animal Medicine, Tianjin Agricultural University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hengbo Shi
- College of Animal Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yi Ma
- Tianjin Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economy, Zhengzhou, China
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Vishwakarma RK, Negi DS, Negi A. Abortitristoside A and desrhamnosylverbanscoside: the potential COX-2 inhibitor from the leaves of Nyctanthes arbor-tristis as anti-inflammatory agents based on the in vitro assay, molecular docking and ADMET prediction. CHEMICAL PAPERS 2023. [DOI: 10.1007/s11696-023-02686-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Differential biochemical-inflammatory patterns in the astrocyte-neuron axis of the hippocampus and frontal cortex in Wistar rats with metabolic syndrome induced by high fat or carbohydrate diets. J Chem Neuroanat 2022; 126:102186. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2022.102186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kim JJ, Sapio MR, Vazquez FA, Maric D, Loydpierson AJ, Ma W, Zarate CA, Iadarola MJ, Mannes AJ. Transcriptional Activation, Deactivation and Rebound Patterns in Cortex, Hippocampus and Amygdala in Response to Ketamine Infusion in Rats. Front Mol Neurosci 2022; 15:892345. [PMID: 35706427 PMCID: PMC9190438 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2022.892345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA)-receptor antagonist, is a recently revitalized treatment for pain and depression, yet its actions at the molecular level remain incompletely defined. In this molecular-pharmacological investigation in the rat, we used short- and longer-term infusions of high dose ketamine to stimulate neuronal transcription processes. We hypothesized that a progressively stronger modulation of neuronal gene networks would occur over time in cortical and limbic pathways. A continuous intravenous administration paradigm for ketamine was developed in rat consisting of short (1 h) and long duration (10 h, and 10 h + 24 h recovery) infusions of anesthetic concentrations to activate or inhibit gene transcription in a pharmacokinetically controlled fashion. Transcription was measured by RNA-Seq in three brain regions: frontal cortex, hippocampus, and amygdala. Cellular level gene localization was performed with multiplex fluorescent in situ hybridization. Induction of a shared transcriptional regulatory network occurred within 1 h in all three brain regions consisting of (a) genes involved in stimulus-transcription factor coupling that are induced during altered synaptic activity (immediate early genes, IEGs, such as c-Fos, 9–12 significant genes per brain region, p < 0.01 per gene) and (b) the Nrf2 oxidative stress-antioxidant response pathway downstream from glutamate signaling (Nuclear Factor Erythroid-Derived 2-Like 2) containing 12–25 increasing genes (p < 0.01) per brain region. By 10 h of infusion, the acute results were further reinforced and consisted of more and stronger gene alterations reflecting a sustained and accentuated ketamine modulation of regional excitation and plasticity. At the cellular level, in situ hybridization localized up-regulation of the plasticity-associated gene Bdnf, and the transcription factors Nr4a1 and Fos, in cortical layers III and V. After 24 h recovery, we observed overshoot of transcriptional processes rather than a smooth return to homeostasis suggesting an oscillation of plasticity occurs during the transition to a new phase of neuronal regulation. These data elucidate critical molecular regulatory actions during and downstream of ketamine administration that may contribute to the unique drug actions of this anesthetic agent. These molecular investigations point to pathways linked to therapeutically useful attributes of ketamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenny J. Kim
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Matthew R. Sapio
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Fernando A. Vazquez
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Dragan Maric
- Flow and Imaging Cytometry Core Facility, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Amelia J. Loydpierson
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Wenting Ma
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Carlos A. Zarate
- Experimental Therapeutics and Pathophysiology Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Michael J. Iadarola
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- *Correspondence: Michael J. Iadarola, ,
| | - Andrew J. Mannes
- Department of Perioperative Medicine, Clinical Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Dutta SS, Andonova AA, Wöllert T, Hewett SJ, Hewett JA. P2X7-dependent constitutive Interleukin-1β release from pyramidal neurons of the normal mouse hippocampus: Evidence for a role in maintenance of the innate seizure threshold. Neurobiol Dis 2022; 168:105689. [DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2022.105689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Takashima K, Nakajima K, Shimizu S, Ojiro R, Tang Q, Okano H, Takahashi Y, Ozawa S, Jin M, Yoshinari T, Yoshida T, Sugita-Konishi Y, Shibutani M. Disruption of postnatal neurogenesis and adult-stage suppression of synaptic plasticity in the hippocampal dentate gyrus after developmental exposure to sterigmatocystin in rats. Toxicol Lett 2021; 349:69-83. [PMID: 34126181 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2021.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 06/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Exposure to sterigmatocystin (STC) raises concerns on developmental neurological disorders. The present study investigated the effects of maternal oral STC exposure on postnatal hippocampal neurogenesis of offspring in rats. Dams were exposed to STC (1.7, 5.0, and 15.0 ppm in diet) from gestational day 6 until day 21 post-delivery (weaning), and offspring were maintained without STC exposure until adulthood on postnatal day (PND) 77, in accordance with OECD chemical testing guideline Test No. 426. On PND 21, 15.0-ppm STC decreased type-3 neural progenitor cell numbers in the subgranular zone (SGZ) due to suppressed proliferation. Increased γ-H2AX-immunoreactive (+) cell numbers in the SGZ and Ercc1 upregulation and Brip1 downregulation in the dentate gyrus suggested induction of DNA double-strand breaks in SGZ cells. Upregulation of Apex1 and Ogg1 and downregulation of antioxidant genes downstream of NRF2-Keap1 signaling suggested induction of oxidative DNA damage. Increased p21WAF1/CIP1+ SGZ cell numbers and suppressed cholinergic signaling through CHRNB2-containing receptors in GABAergic interneurons suggested potential neurogenesis suppression mechanisms. Multiple mechanisms involving N-methyl-d-aspartate (NMDA) receptor-mediated glutamatergic signaling and various GABAergic interneuron subpopulations, including CHRNA7-expressing somatostatin+ interneurons activated by BDNF-TrkB signaling, may be involved in ameliorating the neurogenesis. Upregulation of Arc, Ptgs2, and genes encoding NMDA receptors and α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptors suggested synaptic plasticity facilitation. On PND 77, ARC+ granule cells decreased, and Nos2 was upregulated following 15.0 ppm STC exposure, suggesting oxidative stress-mediated synaptic plasticity suppression. Inverse pattern in gene expression changes in vesicular glutamate transporter isoforms, Slc17a7 and Slc17a6, from weaning might also be responsible for the synaptic plasticity suppression. The no-observed-adverse-effect level of maternal oral STC exposure for offspring neurogenesis was determined to be 5.0 ppm, translating to 0.34-0.85 mg/kg body weight/day.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazumi Takashima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Kota Nakajima
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Saori Shimizu
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Ryota Ojiro
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Qian Tang
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Hiromu Okano
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yasunori Takahashi
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Shunsuke Ozawa
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Meilan Jin
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Southwest University, No. 2 Tiansheng Road, BeiBei District, Chongqing, 400715, PR China.
| | - Tomoya Yoshinari
- Division of Microbiology, National Institute of Health Sciences, 3-25-26 Tonomachi, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa, 210-9501, Japan.
| | - Toshinori Yoshida
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
| | - Yoshiko Sugita-Konishi
- Department of Nutritional Science, Faculty of Applied Bioscience, Tokyo University of Agriculture, 1-1-1 Sakuragaoka, Setagaya-ku, Tokyo, 156-8502, Japan.
| | - Makoto Shibutani
- Laboratory of Veterinary Pathology, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Cooperative Division of Veterinary Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan; Institute of Global Innovation Research, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu-shi, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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López DE, Ballaz SJ. The Role of Brain Cyclooxygenase-2 (Cox-2) Beyond Neuroinflammation: Neuronal Homeostasis in Memory and Anxiety. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:5167-5176. [PMID: 32860157 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-02087-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenases are a group of heme-containing isozymes (namely Cox-1 and Cox-2) that catalyze the conversion of arachidonic acid to largely bioactive prostaglandins (PGs). Cox-1 is the ubiquitous housekeeping enzyme, and the mitogen-inducible Cox-2 is activated to cause inflammation. Interestingly, Cox-2 is constitutively expressed in the brain at the postsynaptic dendrites and excitatory terminals of the cortical and spinal cord neurons. Neuronal Cox-2 is activated in response to synaptic excitation to yield PGE2, the predominant Cox-2 metabolite in the brain, which in turn stimulates the release of glutamate and neuronal firing in a retrograde fashion. Cox-2 is also engaged in the metabolism of new endocannabinoids from 2-arachidonoyl-glycerol to modulate their actions at presynaptic terminals. In addition to these interactions, the induction of neuronal Cox-2 is coupled to the trans-synaptic activation of the dopaminergic mesolimbic system and some serotoninergic receptors, which might contribute to the development of emotional behavior. Although much of the focus regarding the induction of Cox-2 in the brain has been centered on neuroinflammation-related neurodegenerative and psychiatric disorders, some evidence also suggests that Cox-2 release during neuronal signaling may be pivotal for the fine tuning of cortical networks to regulate behavior. This review compiles the evidence supporting the homeostatic role of neuronal Cox-2 in synaptic transmission and plasticity, since neuroinflammation is originally triggered by the induction of glial Cox-2 expression. The goal is to provide perspective on the roles of Cox-2 beyond neuroinflammation, such as those played in memory and anxiety, and whose evidence is still scant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana E López
- Biomedical Sciences Graduate Program, Yachay Tech University, Urcuquí, Ecuador
| | - Santiago J Ballaz
- School of Biological Sciences and Engineering, Yachay Tech University, Hacienda San José s/n, San Miguel de Urcuquí, Ecuador.
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Epstein-Barr Virus dUTPase Induces Neuroinflammatory Mediators: Implications for Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome. Clin Ther 2019; 41:848-863. [PMID: 31040055 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Neuroinflammation is a common feature in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS), affecting 85%-90% of all patients, yet the underlying mechanism or mechanisms responsible for the initiation and/or promotion of this process is largely unknown. Multiple reports, however, have suggested a role for Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), in particular, in ME/CFS, but its potential role, if any, in the neuroinflammatory process has not been addressed. In support of this premise, studies by our group have found that the EBV protein deoxyuridine triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase (dUTPase) induces anxiety and sickness behaviors in female mice. We also found that a small subset of patients with ME/CFS exhibited prolonged and significantly elevated neutralizing antibodies against EBV dUTPase protein in serum, which inversely correlated with ME/CFS symptoms. A larger ME/CFS case-control cohort study further confirmed that a significant percentage of patients with ME/CFS (30.91%-52.7%) were simultaneously producing antibodies against multiple human herpesviruses-encoded dUTPases and/or human dUTPase. Altogether, these findings suggest that EBV dUTPase protein may be involved in the neuroinflammatory process observed in ME/CFS. Thus, the aim of the present study was to determine whether the EBV dUTPase protein could contribute to neuroinflammation by altering the expression of genes involved with maintaining blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity and/or modulating synaptic plasticity. METHODS With the use of human immortalized astrocytes, microglia, and cerebral microvascular endothelial cells, we conducted time-course (0-24 h) experiments with EBV dUTPase protein (10 μg/mL) to determine what effect(s) it may have on the expression of genes involved with BBB permeability, astrocytes and microglia cell function, tryptophan metabolism, and synaptic plasticity by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). In parallel, in vivo studies were conducted in female C57Bl/6 mice. Mice were injected by the intraperitoneal route with EBV dUTPase protein (10 μg) or vehicle daily for 5 days, and the brains were collected and processed for further qRT-PCR analysis of the in vivo effect of the dUTPase on the dopamine/serotonin and γ-aminobutyric acid/glutamate pathways, which are important for brain function, using RT2 Profiler PCR Arrays. FINDINGS EBV dUTPase protein altered the expression in vitro (12 of 15 genes and 32 of 1000 proteins examined) and in vivo (34 of 84 genes examined) of targets with central roles in BBB integrity/function, fatigue, pain synapse structure, and function, as well as tryptophan, dopamine, and serotonin metabolism. IMPLICATIONS The data suggest that in a subset of patients with ME/CFS, the EBV dUTPase could initiate a neuroinflammatory reaction, which contributes to the fatigue, excessive pain, and cognitive impairments observed in these patients.
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Jung HY, Yoo DY, Nam SM, Kim JW, Kim W, Kwon HJ, Lee KY, Choi JH, Kim DW, Yoon YS, Seong JK, Hwang IK. Postnatal changes in constitutive cyclooxygenase‑2 expression in the mice hippocampus and its function in synaptic plasticity. Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:1996-2004. [PMID: 30664214 PMCID: PMC6390017 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is closely associated with inflammation in the brain, it is constitutively expressed in the brain, and its expression is regulated by synaptic activity. The present study investigated postnatal expression of COX-2 in the hippocampus in C57BL/6 mice at postnatal days (P) 1, 7, 14, 28, and 56. In addition, the presented study examined the effects of COX-2 on synaptic plasticity through Arc, phosphorylated cAMP response element-binding protein (pCREB), N-methyl-d-aspartate receptor 1 (GluN1), and GluN2A/2B immunohistochemistry, which was performed on COX-2 knockout (KO) and wild-type (WT) mice. Extremely weak COX-2 immunoreactivity was detected in the hippocampal CA1-3 areas in addition to the dentate gyrus at P1. Conversely, COX-2 immunoreactivity was observed in the stratum pyramidale of the CA1-3 regions and in the outer granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus at P7. Additionally, although peak COX-2 immunoreactivity was observed in all hippocampal sub-regions, including the dentate gyrus at P14, it was significantly decreased at P14. Finally, COX-2 immunoreactivity and the distribution pattern seen at P56 in the hippocampal CA1-3 regions were similar to those observed at P28, whereas, they were identified in the inner half of the granule cell layer of the dentate gyrus. The western blot analysis revealed that the COX-2 protein levels peaked at P14 and were decreased at P28 and P56. Additionally, the number of Arc and pCREB immunoreactive cells as well as GluN1 and GluN2A/2B immunoreactivity of COX-2 KO mice were significantly decreased in the dentate gyrus when compared with that in WT mice. Taken together, the results of the present study suggest that COX-2 serves an important role in synaptic plasticity in the dentate gyrus and changes in the levels of its constitutive expression are associated with the hippocampal dentate gyrus postnatal development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyo Young Jung
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Young Yoo
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung Min Nam
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong Whi Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Woosuk Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kwon
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwon Young Lee
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Hoon Choi
- Department of Anatomy, College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Gangwon 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae Won Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Research Institute of Oral Sciences, College of Dentistry, Gangneung‑Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Yeo Sung Yoon
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Je Kyung Seong
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - In Koo Hwang
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, College of Veterinary Medicine, and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
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Zakrocka I, Targowska-Duda KM, Wnorowski A, Kocki T, Jóźwiak K, Turski WA. Influence of Cyclooxygenase-2 Inhibitors on Kynurenic Acid Production in Rat Brain in Vitro. Neurotox Res 2019; 35:244-254. [PMID: 30178287 PMCID: PMC6313367 DOI: 10.1007/s12640-018-9952-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2018] [Revised: 08/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Significant body of evidence suggests that abnormal kynurenic acid (KYNA) level is involved in the pathophysiology of central nervous system disorders. In the brain, KYNA is synthesized from kynurenine (KYN) by kynurenine aminotransferases (KATs), predominantly by KAT II isoenzyme. Blockage of ionotropic glutamate (GLU) receptors is a main cellular effect of KYNA. High KYNA levels have been linked with psychotic symptoms and cognitive dysfunction in animals and humans. As immunological imbalance and impaired glutamatergic neurotransmission are one of the crucial processes in neurological pathologies, we aimed to analyze the effect of anti-inflammatory agents, inhibitors of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2): celecoxib, niflumic acid, and parecoxib, on KYNA synthesis and KAT II activity in rat brain in vitro. The influence of COX-2 inhibitors was examined in rat brain cortical slices and on isolated KAT II enzyme. Niflumic acid and parecoxib decreased in a dose-dependent manner KYNA production and KAT II activity in rat brain cortex in vitro, whereas celecoxib was ineffective. Molecular docking results suggested that niflumic acid and parecoxib interact with an active site of KAT II. In conclusion, niflumic acid and parecoxib are dual COX-2 and KAT II inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izabela Zakrocka
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland.
| | | | - Artur Wnorowski
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Tomasz Kocki
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Jóźwiak
- Department of Biopharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 4a, 20-093, Lublin, Poland
| | - Waldemar A Turski
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b, 20-090, Lublin, Poland
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Karmakar S, Sharma LG, Roy A, Patel A, Pandey LM. Neuronal SNARE complex: A protein folding system with intricate protein-protein interactions, and its common neuropathological hallmark, SNAP25. Neurochem Int 2018; 122:196-207. [PMID: 30517887 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2018.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Revised: 11/08/2018] [Accepted: 12/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
SNARE (Soluble NSF(N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor) Attachment Receptor) complex is a trimeric supramolecular organization of SNAP25, syntaxin, and VAMP which mediates fusion of synaptic vesicles with the presynaptic plasma membrane. The functioning of this entire protein assembly is dependent on its tetrahelical coiled coil structure alongside its interaction with a large spectrum of regulatory proteins like synaptotagmin, complexin, intersectin, etc. Defects arising in SNARE complex assembly due to mutations or faulty post-translational modifications are associated to severe synaptopathies like Schizophrenia and also proteopathies like Alzheimer's disease. The review primarily focuses on SNAP25, which is the prime contributor in the complex assembly. It is conceptualized that the network of protein interactions of this helical protein assists as a chaperoning system for attaining functional structure. Additionally, the innate disordered nature of SNAP25 and its amyloidogenic propensities have been highlighted employing computational methods. The intrinsic nature of SNAP25 is anticipated to form higher-order aggregates due to its cysteine rich domain, which is also a target for several post-translational modifications. Furthermore, the aberrations in the structure and expression profile of the protein display common patterns in the pathogenesis of a diverse synaptopathies and proteopathies. This work of SNARE literature aims to provide a new comprehensive outlook and research directions towards SNARE complex and presents SNAP25 as a common neuropathological hallmark which can be a diagnostic or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srijeeb Karmakar
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Laipubam Gayatri Sharma
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Abhishek Roy
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Anjali Patel
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
| | - Lalit Mohan Pandey
- Bio-Interface & Environmental Engineering Lab, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Assam, 781039, India.
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Morales-Sosa M, Orozco-Suárez S, Vega-García A, Caballero-Chacón S, Feria-Romero IA. Immunomodulatory effect of Celecoxib on HMGB1/TLR4 pathway in a recurrent seizures model in immature rats. Pharmacol Biochem Behav 2018; 170:79-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pbb.2018.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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13
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Gong Y, Hewett JA. Maintenance of the Innate Seizure Threshold by Cyclooxygenase-2 is Not Influenced by the Translational Silencer, T-cell Intracellular Antigen-1. Neuroscience 2018; 373:37-51. [PMID: 29337236 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 12/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Activity of neuronal cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), a primary source of PG synthesis in the normal brain, is enhanced by excitatory neurotransmission and this is thought to be involved in seizure suppression. Results herein showing that the incidence of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ)-induced convulsions is suppressed in transgenic mice overexpressing COX-2 in neurons support this notion. T-cell intracellular antigen-1 (TIA-1) is an mRNA binding protein that is known to bind to COX-2 mRNA and repress its translation in non-neuronal cell types. An examination of the expression profile of TIA-1 protein in the normal brain indicated that it is expressed broadly by neurons, including those that express COX-2. However, whether TIA-1 regulates COX-2 protein levels in neurons is not known. The purpose of this study was to test the possibility that deletion of TIA-1 increases basal COX-2 expression in neurons and consequently raises the seizure threshold. Results demonstrate that neither the basal nor seizure-induced expression profiles of COX-2 were altered in mice lacking a functional TIA-1 gene suggesting that TIA-1 does not contribute to regulation of COX-2 protein expression in neurons. The acute PTZ-induced seizure threshold was also unchanged in mice lacking TIA-1 protein, indicating that this RNA binding protein does not influence the innate seizure threshold. Nevertheless, the results raise the possibility that the level of neuronal COX-2 expression may be a determinant of the innate seizure threshold and suggest that a better understanding of the regulation of COX-2 expression in the brain could provide new insight into the molecular mechanisms that suppress seizure induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Gong
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA
| | - James A Hewett
- Program in Neuroscience, Department of Biology, Syracuse University, Syracuse, NY 13244, USA.
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14
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Rai-Bhogal R, Ahmad E, Li H, Crawford DA. Microarray analysis of gene expression in the cyclooxygenase knockout mice - a connection to autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Neurosci 2017; 47:750-766. [PMID: 29161772 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Revised: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The cellular and molecular events that take place during brain development play an important role in governing function of the mature brain. Lipid-signalling molecules such as prostaglandin E2 (PGE2 ) play an important role in healthy brain development. Abnormalities along the COX-PGE2 signalling pathway due to genetic or environmental causes have been linked to autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This study aims to evaluate the effect of altered COX-PGE2 signalling on development and function of the prenatal brain using male mice lacking cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-1-/- and COX-2-/- ) as potential model systems of ASD. Microarray analysis was used to determine global changes in gene expression during embryonic days 16 (E16) and 19 (E19). Gene Ontology: Biological Process (GO:BP) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) were implemented to identify affected developmental genes and cellular processes. We found that in both knockouts the brain at E16 had nearly twice as many differentially expressed genes, and affected biological pathways containing various ASD-associated genes important in neuronal function. Interestingly, using GeneMANIA and Cytoscape we also show that the ASD-risk genes identified in both COX-1-/- and COX-2-/- models belong to protein-interaction networks important for brain development despite of different cellular localization of these enzymes. Lastly, we identified eight genes that belong to the Wnt signalling pathways exclusively in the COX-2-/- mice at E16. The level of PKA-phosphorylated β-catenin (S552), a major activator of the Wnt pathway, was increased in this model, suggesting crosstalk between the COX-2-PGE2 and Wnt pathways during early brain development. Overall, these results provide further molecular insight into the contribution of the COX-PGE2 pathways to ASD and demonstrate that COX-1-/- and COX-2-/- animals might be suitable new model systems for studying the disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravneet Rai-Bhogal
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Eizaaz Ahmad
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hongyan Li
- School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorota A Crawford
- Neuroscience Graduate Diploma Program, York University, Toronto, ON, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Department of Biology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada.,School of Kinesiology and Health Science, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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