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Al-Jameel W, Gou X, Jin X, Zhang J, Wei Q, Ai J, Li H, Al-Bayati A, Platt-Higgins A, Pettitt A, Rudland PS, Ke Y. Inactivated FABP5 suppresses malignant progression of prostate cancer cells by inhibiting the activation of nuclear fatty acid receptor PPARγ. Genes Cancer 2019; 10:80-96. [PMID: 31258834 PMCID: PMC6584209 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous study has suggested that the FABP5-PPARγ-signalling transduction pathway gradually replaces the androgen receptor activated pathway in promoting malignant progression of castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) cells. To interfere with this newly discovered FABP5-related signalling pathway, we have produced a highly efficient recombinant FABP5 inhibitor, named dmrFABP5. Treatment with dmrFABP5 significantly supressed the proliferation, migration, invasion and colony formation of the highly malignant prostate cancer cells PC3-M in vitro. To test dmrFABP5's suppressive effect in CRPC, the human PC3-M cells were implanted orthotopically into the prostate gland of immunosuppressed mice to produce tumours. These mice were then treated with dmrFABP5 and produced a highly significant reduction of 100% in metastatic rate and a highly significant reduction of 13-fold in the average size of primary tumours. Immunocytochemial staining showed that the staining intensity of dmrFABP5 treated tumours was reduced by 67%. When tested in vitro, dmrFABP5 suppressed the cancer cells by blocking fatty acid stimulation of PPARγ, and thereby prevented it activating down-stream cancer-promoting or inhibiting cancer-suppressing genes. Our results show that the FABP5 inhibitor dmrFABP5 is a novel molecule for treatment of experimental CRPC and its inhibitory effect is much greater than that produced by SB-FI-26 reported in our previous work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waseem Al-Jameel
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom.,Department of Pathology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Mosul, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Xiaojun Gou
- Sichuan Antibiotics Industrial Institute, Chengdu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Jin
- Institute of Urological Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiacheng Zhang
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Qiang Wei
- Institute of Urological Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jianzhong Ai
- Institute of Urological Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hong Li
- Institute of Urological Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Asmaa Al-Bayati
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Pettitt
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Philip S Rudland
- Department of Biochemistry, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - Youqiang Ke
- Department of Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Guo M, Li X, Zhang L, Liu D, Du W, Yin D, Lyu N, Zhao G, Guo C, Tang D. Accurate quantification of 5-Methylcytosine, 5-Hydroxymethylcytosine, 5-Formylcytosine, and 5-Carboxylcytosine in genomic DNA from breast cancer by chemical derivatization coupled with ultra performance liquid chromatography- electrospray quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry analysis. Oncotarget 2017; 8:91248-91257. [PMID: 29207640 PMCID: PMC5710920 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.20093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA demethylation pathway has been discovered to play a significant role in DNA epigenetics. This pathway removes the methyl group from cytosine, which is involved in the oxidation of 5-methylcytosine to 5-hydroxymethylcytosine (5-hmC) by ten-eleven translocation (TET) proteins. Then, 5-hmC can be iteratively oxidized to generate 5-formylcytosine (5-foC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5-caC). However, 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC are hardly detected due to their low content. In this study, we have developed a LC-HRMS method coupled with derivatization to accurately and simultaneously quantify 5-mC levels, along with its oxidation products in genomic DNA. Derivatization was carried out using 4-dimethylamino benzoic anhydride, which has been shown to improve separation and enhance the detection sensitivity. Finally, we successfully applied this method towards the quantification of 5-mC, 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC in genomic DNA isolated from both human breast cancer tissue and tumor-adjacent normal tissue. We show that 5-foC and 5-caC are increased in tumor tissue. In addition, the levels of 5-mC, 5-hmC, 5-foC, and 5-caC measured in tumor tissue versus tumor-adjacent tissue were found to be distinct among different classifications. This suggests that cytosine modifiers could be used as potential biomarkers for determining the stage of development of breast cancer, as well as prognosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengzhe Guo
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Xiao Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Liyan Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Dantong Liu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Wencheng Du
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Dengyang Yin
- Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, China
| | - Nan Lyu
- Xuzhou Central Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
| | - Guangyu Zhao
- Jingjiang People's Hospital, Jingjiang, Jiangsu 214500, China
| | - Cheng Guo
- Cancer Institute, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310009, China
| | - Daoquan Tang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221004, China
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Ricciuti B, Mecca C, Crinò L, Baglivo S, Cenci M, Metro G. Non-coding RNAs in lung cancer. Oncoscience 2014; 1:674-705. [PMID: 25593996 PMCID: PMC4278269 DOI: 10.18632/oncoscience.98] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2014] [Accepted: 11/15/2014] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The discovery that protein-coding genes represent less than 2% of all human genome, and the evidence that more than 90% of it is actively transcribed, changed the classical point of view of the central dogma of molecular biology, which was always based on the assumption that RNA functions mainly as an intermediate bridge between DNA sequences and protein synthesis machinery. Accumulating data indicates that non-coding RNAs are involved in different physiological processes, providing for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. They are important regulators of gene expression, cellular differentiation, proliferation, migration, apoptosis, and stem cell maintenance. Alterations and disruptions of their expression or activity have increasingly been associated with pathological changes of cancer cells, this evidence and the prospect of using these molecules as diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets, make currently non-coding RNAs among the most relevant molecules in cancer research. In this paper we will provide an overview of non-coding RNA function and disruption in lung cancer biology, also focusing on their potential as diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Biagio Ricciuti
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | | | - Lucio Crinò
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Sara Baglivo
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Matteo Cenci
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
| | - Giulio Metro
- Medical Oncology, Santa Maria della Misericordia Hospital, Azienda Ospedaliera di Perugia, Perugia, Italy
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Role of YY1 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer and correlation with bioinformatic data sets of gene expression. Genes Cancer 2014; 5:71-83. [PMID: 25053986 PMCID: PMC4091534 DOI: 10.18632/genesandcancer.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Current treatments of various cancers include chemotherapy, radiation, surgery, immunotherapy, and combinations. However, there is a need to develop novel diagnostic and therapeutic treatments for unresponsive patients. These may be achieved by the identification of novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers which will help in the stratification of patients' initial responses to particular treatments and circumvent resistance, relapses, metastasis, and death. We have been investigating human prostate cancer as a model tumor. We have identified Yin Yang 1 (YY1), a dysregulated transcription factor, whose overexpression correlated with tumor progression as well as in the regulation of drug resistance and the development of EMT. YY1 expression is upregulated in human prostate cancer cell lines and tissues. We postulated that YY1 may be a potential biomarker in prostate cancer for patients' stratification as well as a novel target for therapeutic intervention. We used Bioinformatic gene RNA array datasets for the expression of YY1 in prostate tumor tissues as compared to normal tissues. Interestingly, variations on the expression levels of YY1 mRNA in prostate cancer were reported by different investigators. This mini review summarizes the current reported studies and Bioinformatic analyses on the role of YY1 in the pathogenesis of prostate cancer.
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Methods for detection and characterization of protein S-nitrosylation. Methods 2013; 62:138-50. [PMID: 23628946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2013.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Reversible protein S-nitrosylation, defined as the covalent addition of a nitroso moiety to the reactive thiol group on a cysteine residue, has received increasing recognition as a critical post-translational modification that exerts ubiquitous influence in a wide range of cellular pathways and physiological processes. Due to the lability of the S-NO bond, which is a dynamic modification, and the low abundance of endogenously S-nitrosylated proteins in vivo, unambiguous identification of S-nitrosylated proteins and S-nitrosylation sites remains methodologically challenging. In this review, we summarize recent advancements and the use of state-of-art approaches for the enrichment, systematic identification and quantitation of S-nitrosylation protein targets and their modification sites at the S-nitrosoproteome scale. These advancements have facilitated the global identification of >3000 S-nitrosylated proteins that are associated with wide range of human diseases. These strategies hold promise to site-specifically unravel potential molecular targets and to change S-nitrosylation-based pathophysiology, which may further the understanding of the potential role of S-nitrosylation in diseases.
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