1
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Boonkumkrong R, Chunthaboon P, Munkajohnpong P, Watthaisong P, Pimviriyakul P, Maenpuen S, Chaiyen P, Tinikul R. A high catalytic efficiency and chemotolerant formate dehydrogenase from Bacillus simplex. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300330. [PMID: 38180313 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 12/02/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
NAD+ -dependent formate dehydrogenase (FDH) catalyzes the conversion of formate and NAD+ to produce carbon dioxide and NADH. The reaction is biotechnologically important because FDH is widely used for NADH regeneration in various enzymatic syntheses. However, major drawbacks of this versatile enzyme in industrial applications are its low activity, requiring its utilization in large amounts to achieve optimal process conditions. Here, FDH from Bacillus simplex (BsFDH) was characterized for its biochemical and catalytic properties in comparison to FDH from Pseudomonas sp. 101 (PsFDH), a commonly used FDH in various biocatalytic reactions. The data revealed that BsFDH possesses high formate oxidizing activity with a kcat value of 15.3 ± 1.9 s-1 at 25°C compared to 7.7 ± 1.0 s-1 for PsFDH. At the optimum temperature (60°C), BsFDH exhibited 6-fold greater activity than PsFDH. The BsFDH displayed higher pH stability and a superior tolerance toward sodium azide and H2 O2 inactivation, showing a 200-fold higher Ki value for azide inhibition and remaining stable in the presence of 0.5% H2 O2 compared to PsFDH. The application of BsFDH as a cofactor regeneration system for the detoxification of 4-nitrophenol by the reaction of HadA, which produced a H2 O2 byproduct was demonstrated. The biocatalytic cascades using BsFDH demonstrated a distinct superior conversion activity because the system tolerated H2 O2 well. Altogether, the data showed that BsFDH is a robust enzyme suitable for future application in industrial biotechnology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattima Boonkumkrong
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Paweenapon Chunthaboon
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pobthum Munkajohnpong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand
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2
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Liu Y, Yamamoto T, Kohaya N, Yamamoto K, Okano K, Sumiyoshi T, Hasegawa Y, Lau PCK, Iwaki H. Cloning of two gene clusters involved in the catabolism of 2,4-dinitrophenol by Paraburkholderia sp. strain KU-46 and characterization of the initial DnpAB enzymes and a two-component monooxygenases DnpC1C2. J Biosci Bioeng 2023; 136:223-231. [PMID: 37344279 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiosc.2023.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Little is currently known about the metabolism of the industrial pollutant 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), particularly among gram-negative bacteria. In this study, we identified two non-contiguous genetic loci spanning 22 kb of Paraburkholderia (formerly Burkholderia) sp. strain KU-46. Additionally, we characterized four key initial genes (dnpA, dnpB, and dnpC1C2) responsible for DNP degradation, providing molecular and biochemical evidence for the degradation of DNP via the formation of 4-nitrophenol (NP), a pathway that is unique among DNP utilizing bacteria. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis indicated that dnpA, which encodes the initial hydride transferase, and dnpB which encodes a nitrite-eliminating enzyme, were induced by DNP and organized in an operon. Moreover, we purified DnpA and DnpB from recombinant Escherichia coli to demonstrate their effect on the transformation of DNP to NP through the formation of a hydride-Meisenheimer complex of DNP, designated as H--DNP. The function of DnpB appears new since all homologs of the DnpB sequences in the protein database are annotated as putative nitrate ABC transporter substrate-binding proteins. The gene cluster responsible for the degradation of DNP after NP formation was designated dnpC1C2DXFER, and DnpC1 and DnpC2 were functionally characterized as the FAD reductase and oxygenase components of the two-component DNP monooxygenase, respectively. By elucidating the hqdA1A2BCD gene cluster, we are now able to delineate the final degradation pathway of hydroquinone to β-ketoadipate before it enters the tricarboxylic acid cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxuan Liu
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Taisei Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Nozomi Kohaya
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kota Yamamoto
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Kenji Okano
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Takaaki Sumiyoshi
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Yoshie Hasegawa
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan
| | - Peter C K Lau
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, McGill University, 3775 University Street, Montréal, Quebec H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Hiroaki Iwaki
- Department of Life Science & Biotechnology, Kansai University, 3-3-35 Yamate-cho, Suita, Osaka 564-8680, Japan.
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3
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Kozyryev A, Lemen D, Dunn J, Rokita SE. Substrate Electronics Dominate the Rate of Reductive Dehalogenation Promoted by the Flavin-Dependent Iodotyrosine Deiodinase. Biochemistry 2023; 62:1298-1306. [PMID: 36892456 PMCID: PMC10073337 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.3c00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/10/2023]
Abstract
Iodotyrosine deiodinase (IYD) is unusual in its reliance on flavin to promote reductive dehalogenation of halotyrosines under aerobic conditions. Applications of this activity can be envisioned for bioremediation, but expansion of its specificity requires an understanding of the mechanistic steps that limit the rate of turnover. Key processes capable of controlling steady-state turnover have now been evaluated and described in this study. While proton transfer is necessary for converting the electron-rich substrate into an electrophilic intermediate suitable for reduction, kinetic solvent deuterium isotope effects suggest that this process does not contribute to the overall efficiency of catalysis under neutral conditions. Similarly, reconstituting IYD with flavin analogues demonstrates that a change in reduction potential by as much as 132 mV affects kcat by less than 3-fold. Furthermore, kcat/Km does not correlate with reduction potential and indicates that electron transfer is also not rate determining. Catalytic efficiency is most sensitive to the electronic nature of its substrates. Electron-donating substituents on the ortho position of iodotyrosine stimulate catalysis and conversely electron-withdrawing substituents suppress catalysis. Effects on kcat and kcat/Km range from 22- to 100-fold and fit a linear free-energy correlation with a ρ ranging from -2.1 to -2.8 for human and bacterial IYD. These values are consistent with a rate-determining process of stabilizing the electrophilic and nonaromatic intermediate poised for reduction. Future engineering can now focus on efforts to stabilize this electrophilic intermediate over a broad series of phenolic substrates that are targeted for removal from our environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Kozyryev
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - Daniel Lemen
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - Jessica Dunn
- Chemistry Biology Interface Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
| | - Steven E Rokita
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
- Chemistry Biology Interface Graduate Program, Johns Hopkins University, 3400 N. Charles St., Baltimore, Maryland 21218 United States
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4
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Pimviriyakul P, Chaiyen P. Formation and stabilization of C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD by the Arg/Asn pair in HadA monooxygenase. FEBS J 2023; 290:176-195. [PMID: 35942637 DOI: 10.1111/febs.16591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
HadA monooxygenase catalyses the detoxification of halogenated phenols and nitrophenols via dehalogenation and denitration respectively. C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD is a key reactive intermediate wherein its formation, protonation and stabilization reflect enzyme efficiency. Herein, transient kinetics, site-directed mutagenesis and pH-dependent behaviours of HadA reaction were employed to identify key features stabilizing C4a-adducts in HadA. The formation of C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD is pH independent, whereas its decay and protonation of distal oxygen are associated with pKa values of 8.5 and 8.4 respectively. These values are correlated with product formation within a pH range of 7.6-9.1, indicating the importance of adduct stabilization to enzymatic efficiency. We identified Arg101 as a key residue for reduced FAD (FADH- ) binding and C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD formation due to the loss of these abilities as well as enzyme activity in HadAR101A and HadAR101Q . Mutations of the neighbouring Asn447 do not affect the rate of C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD formation; however, they impair FADH- binding. The disruption of Arg101/Asn447 hydrogen bond networking in HadAN447A increases the pKa value of C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD decay to 9.5; however, this pKa was not altered in HadAN447D (pKa of 8.5). Thus, Arg101/Asn447 pair should provide important interactions for FADH- binding and maintain the pKa associated with H2 O2 elimination from C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD in HadA. In the presence of substrate, the formation of C4a-hydroxy-FAD at the hydroxylation step is pH insensitive, and it dehydrates to form the oxidized FAD with pKa of 7.9. This structural feature might help elucidate how the reactive intermediate was stabilized in other flavin-dependent monooxygenases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
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5
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Zharikova NV, Korobov VV, Zhurenko EI. Flavin-Dependent Monooxygenases Involved in Bacterial Degradation of Chlorophenols. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s0003683822060175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
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6
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Xiang Y, Li S, Rene ER, Xiaoxiu L, Ma W. Enhancing fluoroglucocorticoid defluorination using defluorinated functional strain Acinetobacter. pittii C3 via humic acid-mediated biotransformation. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2022; 436:129284. [PMID: 35739793 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Defluorination is a key factor in reducing biologically accumulated carcinogenic and teratogenic toxicity of fluoroglucocorticoids (FGCs). To enhance defluorination efficiency, a highly efficient defluorination-degrading strain Acinetobacter. pittii C3 was isolated, and the promotion mechanism through humic acid (HA)-mediated biotransformation was investigated. Optimal biodegradation conditions for Acinetobacter sp. pittii C3 were pH of 7.0, temperature of 25 ℃, and HA content of 5.5 mg/L, according to response surface methodology analysis. The attenuation rate constant and maximum defluorination percentage of triamcinolone acetonide (TA) in HA-mediated biotransformation system (HA-C3) were 3.99 × 10-2 and 96%, respectively, which were 2.22 and 1.24 times higher than those in the unitary C3 biodegradation system (U-C3), respectively. The major defluorination pathways included elimination, hydrolysis, and hydrogenation, with contributions of 24.5%, 32.4%, and 43.1%, respectively. The bio-reductive hydrodefluorination rate was enhanced by 1.89 times that of HA-mediated, while the other two defluorination pathways exhibited insignificant changes. HA, as the congeries of negatively charged microbes and hydrophobic TA, accelerates the electron transfer rate between Acinetobacter. pittii C3 and TA through the quinone groups. Furthermore, the mutual conversion between the functional groups of hydroxyl oxidation and ketone reduction of HA provided electron donors for TA reductive defluorination and hydrogenation and electron acceptors for TA oxidation. This study provides an effective strategy for FGC-enhanced detoxification using natural HA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yayun Xiang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Sinuo Li
- Beijing No. 80 High School, Beijing 100102, China
| | - Eldon R Rene
- IHE-Delft, Institute for Water Education, Department of Environmental Engineering and Water Technology, Westvest 7, 2611AX Delft, the Netherlands
| | - Lun Xiaoxiu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Weifang Ma
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
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7
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Pimviriyakul P, Pholert P, Somjitt S, Choowongkomon K. Role of conserved arginine in
HadA
monooxygenase for
4‐nitrophenol
and
4‐chlorophenol
detoxification. Proteins 2022; 90:1291-1302. [DOI: 10.1002/prot.26312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2021] [Revised: 01/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Chatuchak Bangkok Thailand
| | - Patipan Pholert
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Chatuchak Bangkok Thailand
| | - Supamas Somjitt
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Chatuchak Bangkok Thailand
| | - Kiattawee Choowongkomon
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science Kasetsart University Chatuchak Bangkok Thailand
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8
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Watthaisong P, Kamutira P, Kesornpun C, Pongsupasa V, Phonbuppha J, Tinikul R, Maenpuen S, Wongnate T, Nishihara R, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. Luciferin Synthesis and Pesticide Detection by Luminescence Enzymatic Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202116908. [PMID: 35138676 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
D-Luciferin (D-LH2 ), a substrate of firefly luciferase (Fluc), is important for a wide range of bioluminescence applications. This work reports a new and green method using enzymatic reactions (HELP, HadA Enzyme for Luciferin Preparation) to convert 19 phenolic derivatives to 8 D-LH2 analogues with ≈51 % yield. The method can synthesize the novel 5'-methyl-D-LH2 and 4',5'-dimethyl-D-LH2 , which have never been synthesized or found in nature. 5'-Methyl-D-LH2 emits brighter and longer wavelength light than the D-LH2 . Using HELP, we further developed LUMOS (Luminescence Measurement of Organophosphate and Derivatives) technology for in situ detection of organophosphate pesticides (OPs) including parathion, methyl parathion, EPN, profenofos, and fenitrothion by coupling the reactions of OPs hydrolase and Fluc. The LUMOS technology can detect these OPs at parts per trillion (ppt) levels. The method can directly detect OPs in food and biological samples without requiring sample pretreatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Philaiwarong Kamutira
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Chatchai Kesornpun
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Vinutsada Pongsupasa
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Jittima Phonbuppha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Ryo Nishihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8566, Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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9
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Watthaisong P, Kamutira P, Kesornpun C, Pongsupasa V, Phonbuppha J, Tinikul R, Maenpuen S, Wongnate T, Nishihara R, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. Luciferin Synthesis and Pesticide Detection by Luminescence Enzymatic Cascades. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202116908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Philaiwarong Kamutira
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Chatchai Kesornpun
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Vinutsada Pongsupasa
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Jittima Phonbuppha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology Faculty of Science Mahidol University Bangkok 10400 Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Burapha University Chonburi 20131 Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Ryo Nishihara
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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10
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Pimviriyakul P, Jaruwat A, Chitnumsub P, Chaiyen P. Structural insights into a flavin-dependent dehalogenase HadA explain catalysis and substrate inhibition via quadruple π-stacking. J Biol Chem 2021; 297:100952. [PMID: 34252455 PMCID: PMC8342789 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
HadA is a flavin-dependent monooxygenase catalyzing hydroxylation plus dehalogenation/denitration, which is useful for biodetoxification and biodetection. In this study, the X-ray structure of wild-type HadA (HadAWT) co-complexed with reduced FAD (FADH–) and 4-nitrophenol (4NP) (HadAWT−FADH–−4NP) was solved at 2.3-Å resolution, providing the first full package (with flavin and substrate bound) structure of a monooxygenase of this type. Residues Arg101, Gln158, Arg161, Thr193, Asp254, Arg233, and Arg439 constitute a flavin-binding pocket, whereas the 4NP-binding pocket contains the aromatic side chain of Phe206, which provides π-π stacking and also is a part of the hydrophobic pocket formed by Phe155, Phe286, Thr449, and Leu457. Based on site-directed mutagenesis and stopped-flow experiments, Thr193, Asp254, and His290 are important for C4a-hydroperoxyflavin formation with His290, also serving as a catalytic base for hydroxylation. We also identified a novel structural motif of quadruple π-stacking (π-π-π-π) provided by two 4NP and two Phe441 from two subunits. This motif promotes 4NP binding in a nonproductive dead-end complex, which prevents C4a-hydroperoxy-FAD formation when HadA is premixed with aromatic substrates. We also solved the structure of the HadAPhe441Val−FADH–−4NP complex at 2.3-Å resolution. Although 4NP can still bind to this variant, the quadruple π-stacking motif was disrupted. All HadAPhe441 variants lack substrate inhibition behavior, confirming that quadruple π-stacking is a main cause of dead-end complex formation. Moreover, the activities of these HadAPhe441 variants were improved by ⁓20%, suggesting that insights gained from the flavin-dependent monooxygenases illustrated here should be useful for future improvement of HadA’s biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Aritsara Jaruwat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand.
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11
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Paul CE, Eggerichs D, Westphal AH, Tischler D, van Berkel WJH. Flavoprotein monooxygenases: Versatile biocatalysts. Biotechnol Adv 2021; 51:107712. [PMID: 33588053 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2021.107712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2020] [Revised: 01/27/2021] [Accepted: 02/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Flavoprotein monooxygenases (FPMOs) are single- or two-component enzymes that catalyze a diverse set of chemo-, regio- and enantioselective oxyfunctionalization reactions. In this review, we describe how FPMOs have evolved from model enzymes in mechanistic flavoprotein research to biotechnologically relevant catalysts that can be applied for the sustainable production of valuable chemicals. After a historical account of the development of the FPMO field, we explain the FPMO classification system, which is primarily based on protein structural properties and electron donor specificities. We then summarize the most appealing reactions catalyzed by each group with a focus on the different types of oxygenation chemistries. Wherever relevant, we report engineering strategies that have been used to improve the robustness and applicability of FPMOs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline E Paul
- Biocatalysis, Department of Biotechnology, Delft University of Technology, Van der Maasweg 9, 2629 HZ Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Eggerichs
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Adrie H Westphal
- Laboratory of Biochemistry, Wageningen University, Stippeneng 4, 6708 WE Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44780 Bochum, Germany
| | - Willem J H van Berkel
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Bornse Weilanden 9, 6708 WG Wageningen, The Netherlands.
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12
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Abstract
Many flavin-dependent phenolic hydroxylases (monooxygenases) have been extensively investigated. Their crystal structures and reaction mechanisms are well understood. These enzymes belong to groups A and D of the flavin-dependent monooxygenases and can be classified as single-component and two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenases. The insertion of molecular oxygen into the substrates catalyzed by these enzymes is beneficial for modifying the biological properties of phenolic compounds and their derivatives. This chapter provides an in-depth discussion of the structural features of single-component and two-component flavin-dependent phenolic hydroxylases. The reaction mechanisms of selected enzymes, including 3-hydroxy-benzoate 4-hydroxylase (PHBH) and 3-hydroxy-benzoate 6-hydroxylase as representatives of single-component enzymes and 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 4-hydroxylase (HPAH) as a representative of two-component enzymes, are discussed in detail. This chapter comprises the following four main parts: general reaction, structures, reaction mechanisms, and enzyme engineering for biocatalytic applications. Enzymes belonging to the same group catalyze similar reactions but have different unique structural features to control their reactivity to substrates and the formation and stabilization of C4a-hydroperoxyflavin. Protein engineering has been employed to improve the ability to use these enzymes to synthesize valuable compounds. A thorough understanding of the structural and mechanistic features controlling enzyme reactivity is useful for enzyme redesign and enzyme engineering for future biocatalytic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirom Chenprakhon
- Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand.
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, Thailand; Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Chanakan Tongsook
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Silpakorn University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Wangchan Valley, Rayong, Thailand
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13
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Sobrado P. Role of reduced flavin in dehalogenation reactions. Arch Biochem Biophys 2020; 697:108696. [PMID: 33245912 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2020.108696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Halogenated organic compounds are extensively used in the cosmetic, pharmaceutical, and chemical industries. Several naturally occurring halogen-containing natural products are also produced, mainly by marine organisms. These compounds accumulate in the environment due to their chemical stability and lack of biological pathways for their degradation. However, a few enzymes have been identified that perform dehalogenation reactions in specific biological pathways and others have been identified to have secondary activities toward halogenated compounds. Various mechanisms for dehalogenation of I, Cl, Br, and F containing compounds have been elucidated. These have been grouped into reductive, oxidative, and hydrolytic mechanisms. Flavin-dependent enzymes have been shown to catalyze oxidative dehalogenation reactions utilizing the C4a-hydroperoxyflavin intermediate. In addition, flavoenzymes perform reductive dehalogenation, forming transient flavin semiquinones. Recently, flavin-dependent enzymes have also been shown to perform dehalogenation reactions where the reduced form of the flavin produces a covalent intermediate. Here, recent studies on the reactions of flavoenzymes in dehalogenation reactions, with a focus on covalent catalytic dehalogenation mechanisms, are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Sobrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Drug Discovery, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
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14
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Abstract
Flavin-dependent enzymes catalyze a wide variety of biological reactions that are important for all types of living organisms. Knowledge gained from studying the chemistry and biological functions of flavins and flavin-dependent enzymes has continuously made significant contributions to the development of the fields of enzymology and metabolism from the 1970s until now. The enzymes have been applied in various applications such as use as biocatalysts in synthetic processes for the chemical and pharmaceutical industries or in the biodetoxification and bioremediation of toxic or unwanted compounds, and as biosensors or biodetection tools for quantifying various agents of interest. Many flavin-dependent enzymes are also prime targets for drug development. Based on their reaction mechanisms, they can be classified into five categories: oxidase, dehydrogenase, monooxygenase, reductase, and redox neutral flavin-dependent enzymes. In this chapter, the general properties of flavin-dependent enzymes and the nature of their chemical reactions are discussed, along with their practical applications.
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15
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Trisrivirat D, Lawan N, Chenprakhon P, Matsui D, Asano Y, Chaiyen P. Mechanistic insights into the dual activities of the single active site of l-lysine oxidase/monooxygenase from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:11246-11261. [PMID: 32527725 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra120.014055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
l-Lysine oxidase/monooxygenase (l-LOX/MOG) from Pseudomonas sp. AIU 813 catalyzes the mixed bioconversion of l-amino acids, particularly l-lysine, yielding an amide and carbon dioxide by an oxidative decarboxylation (i.e. apparent monooxygenation), as well as oxidative deamination (hydrolysis of oxidized product), resulting in α-keto acid, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and ammonia. Here, using high-resolution MS and monitoring transient reaction kinetics with stopped-flow spectrophotometry, we identified the products from the reactions of l-lysine and l-ornithine, indicating that besides decarboxylating imino acids (i.e. 5-aminopentanamide from l-lysine), l-LOX/MOG also decarboxylates keto acids (5-aminopentanoic acid from l-lysine and 4-aminobutanoic acid from l-ornithine). The reaction of reduced enzyme and oxygen generated an imino acid and H2O2, with no detectable C4a-hydroperoxyflavin. Single-turnover reactions in which l-LOX/MOG was first reduced by l-lysine to form imino acid before mixing with various compounds revealed that under anaerobic conditions, only hydrolysis products are present. Similar results were obtained upon H2O2 addition after enzyme denaturation. H2O2 addition to active l-LOX/MOG resulted in formation of more 5-aminopentanoic acid, but not 5-aminopentamide, suggesting that H2O2 generated from l-LOX/MOG in situ can result in decarboxylation of the imino acid, yielding an amide product, and extra H2O2 resulted in decarboxylation only of keto acids. Molecular dynamics simulations and detection of charge transfer species suggested that interactions between the substrate and its binding site on l-LOX/MOG are important for imino acid decarboxylation. Structural analysis indicated that the flavoenzyme oxidases catalyzing decarboxylation of an imino acid all share a common plug loop configuration that may facilitate this decarboxylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duangthip Trisrivirat
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand.,School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
| | - Narin Lawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand
| | - Pirom Chenprakhon
- Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Daisuke Matsui
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan.,Department of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences, Ritsumeikan University, Japan
| | - Yasuhisa Asano
- Biotechnology Research Center and Department of Biotechnology, Toyama Prefectural University, Imizu, Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand .,School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, Thailand
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16
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Maenpuen S, Pongsupasa V, Pensook W, Anuwan P, Kraivisitkul N, Pinthong C, Phonbuppha J, Luanloet T, Wijma HJ, Fraaije MW, Lawan N, Chaiyen P, Wongnate T. Creating Flavin Reductase Variants with Thermostable and Solvent-Tolerant Properties by Rational-Design Engineering. Chembiochem 2020; 21:1481-1491. [PMID: 31886941 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We have employed computational approaches-FireProt and FRESCO-to predict thermostable variants of the reductase component (C1 ) of (4-hydroxyphenyl)acetate 3-hydroxylase. With the additional aid of experimental results, two C1 variants, A166L and A58P, were identified as thermotolerant enzymes, with thermostability improvements of 2.6-5.6 °C and increased catalytic efficiency of 2- to 3.5-fold. After heat treatment at 45 °C, both of the thermostable C1 variants remain active and generate reduced flavin mononucleotide (FMNH- ) for reactions catalyzed by bacterial luciferase and by the monooxygenase C2 more efficiently than the wild type (WT). In addition to thermotolerance, the A166L and A58P variants also exhibited solvent tolerance. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations (6 ns) at 300-500 K indicated that mutation of A166 to L and of A58 to P resulted in structural changes with increased stabilization of hydrophobic interactions, and thus in improved thermostability. Our findings demonstrated that improvements in the thermostability of C1 enzyme can lead to broad-spectrum uses of C1 as a redox biocatalyst for future industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Vinutsada Pongsupasa
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Wiranee Pensook
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Burapha University, 169 Long-Hard Bangsaen Road, Chonburi, 20131, Thailand
| | - Piyanuch Anuwan
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | | | - Chatchadaporn Pinthong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, 114 Sukhumvit 23 Road, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand
| | - Jittima Phonbuppha
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Thikumporn Luanloet
- Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Hein J Wijma
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco W Fraaije
- Molecular Enzymology Group, Groningen Biomolecular Sciences and Biotechnology Institute, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 4, 9747 AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Narin Lawan
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chiang Mai University, 239 Huaykaew Road, Suthep, Chiang Mai, 50200, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, 272 Rama VI Road, Ratchathewi, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), 555 Moo 1 Payupnai, Wangchan, Rayong, 21210, Thailand
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17
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Chenprakhon P, Wongnate T, Chaiyen P. Monooxygenation of aromatic compounds by flavin-dependent monooxygenases. Protein Sci 2020; 28:8-29. [PMID: 30311986 DOI: 10.1002/pro.3525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Many flavoenzymes catalyze hydroxylation of aromatic compounds especially phenolic compounds have been isolated and characterized. These enzymes can be classified as either single-component or two-component flavin-dependent hydroxylases (monooxygenases). The hydroxylation reactions catalyzed by the enzymes in this group are useful for modifying the biological properties of phenolic compounds. This review aims to provide an in-depth discussion of the current mechanistic understanding of representative flavin-dependent monooxygenases including 3-hydroxy-benzoate 4-hydroxylase (PHBH, a single-component hydroxylase), 3-hydroxyphenylacetate 4-hydroxylase (HPAH, a two-component hydroxylase), and other monooxygenases which catalyze reactions in addition to hydroxylation, including 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylate oxygenase (MHPCO, a single-component enzyme that catalyzes aromatic-ring cleavage), and HadA monooxygenase (a two-component enzyme that catalyzes additional group elimination reaction). These enzymes have different unique structural features which dictate their reactivity toward various substrates and influence their ability to stabilize flavin intermediates such as C4a-hydroperoxyflavin. Understanding the key catalytic residues and the active site environments important for governing enzyme reactivity will undoubtedly facilitate future work in enzyme engineering or enzyme redesign for the development of biocatalytic methods for the synthesis of valuable compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pirom Chenprakhon
- Institute for Innovative Learning, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, 73170, Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and Engineering, Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC), Rayong, 21210, Thailand.,Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme Technology, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Bangkok, 14000, Thailand
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18
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Pimviriyakul P, Wongnate T, Tinikul R, Chaiyen P. Microbial degradation of halogenated aromatics: molecular mechanisms and enzymatic reactions. Microb Biotechnol 2020; 13:67-86. [PMID: 31565852 PMCID: PMC6922536 DOI: 10.1111/1751-7915.13488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Halogenated aromatics are used widely in various industrial, agricultural and household applications. However, due to their stability, most of these compounds persist for a long time, leading to accumulation in the environment. Biological degradation of halogenated aromatics provides sustainable, low-cost and environmentally friendly technologies for removing these toxicants from the environment. This minireview discusses the molecular mechanisms of the enzymatic reactions for degrading halogenated aromatics which naturally occur in various microorganisms. In general, the biodegradation process (especially for aerobic degradation) can be divided into three main steps: upper, middle and lower metabolic pathways which successively convert the toxic halogenated aromatics to common metabolites in cells. The most difficult step in the degradation of halogenated aromatics is the dehalogenation step in the middle pathway. Although a variety of enzymes are involved in the degradation of halogenated aromatics, these various pathways all share the common feature of eventually generating metabolites for utilizing in the energy-producing metabolic pathways in cells. An in-depth understanding of how microbes employ various enzymes in biodegradation can lead to the development of new biotechnologies via enzyme/cell/metabolic engineering or synthetic biology for sustainable biodegradation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Engineering and Industrial TechnologySilpakorn UniversityNakhon Pathom73000Thailand
| | - Thanyaporn Wongnate
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)Wangchan ValleyRayong21210Thailand
| | - Ruchanok Tinikul
- Department of Biochemistry and Center for Excellence in Protein and Enzyme TechnologyFaculty of ScienceMahidol UniversityBangkok10400Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC)Wangchan ValleyRayong21210Thailand
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19
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20
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Pongpamorn P, Watthaisong P, Pimviriyakul P, Jaruwat A, Lawan N, Chitnumsub P, Chaiyen P. Identification of a Hotspot Residue for Improving the Thermostability of a Flavin‐Dependent Monooxygenase. Chembiochem 2019; 20:3020-3031. [DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201900413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- Department of BiotechnologyFaculty of Engineering and Industrial TechnologySilpakorn University 6 Rajamankha Nai Road Nakornpathom 73000 Thailand
| | - Aritsara Jaruwat
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 113 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Narin Lawan
- Department of ChemistryFaculty of ScienceChiang Mai University Chiang Mai 50200 Thailand
| | - Penchit Chitnumsub
- National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology 113 Thailand Science Park Paholyothin Road Klong 1 Klong Luang Pathumthani 12120 Thailand
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science and EngineeringVidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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21
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Watthaisong P, Pongpamorn P, Pimviriyakul P, Maenpuen S, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. A Chemo‐Enzymatic Cascade for the Smart Detection of Nitro‐ and Halogenated Phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201904923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceBurapha University Chonburi 20131 Thailand
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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22
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Watthaisong P, Pongpamorn P, Pimviriyakul P, Maenpuen S, Ohmiya Y, Chaiyen P. A Chemo‐Enzymatic Cascade for the Smart Detection of Nitro‐ and Halogenated Phenols. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:13254-13258. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201904923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2019] [Revised: 06/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pratchaya Watthaisong
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Pornkanok Pongpamorn
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Panu Pimviriyakul
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
| | - Somchart Maenpuen
- Department of BiochemistryFaculty of ScienceBurapha University Chonburi 20131 Thailand
| | - Yoshihiro Ohmiya
- National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) Tsukuba Ibaraki 305-8566 Japan
| | - Pimchai Chaiyen
- School of Biomolecular Science & Engineering (BSE)Vidyasirimedhi Institute of Science and Technology (VISTEC) Wangchan Valley Rayong 21210 Thailand
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