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Ding Y, Zhou G, Hu W. Epigenetic regulation of TGF-β pathway and its role in radiation response. Int J Radiat Biol 2024; 100:834-848. [PMID: 38506660 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2024.2327395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2024] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Transforming growth factor (TGF-β) plays a dual role in tumor progression as well as a pivotal role in radiation response. TGF-β-related epigenetic regulations, including DNA methylation, histone modifications (including methylation, acetylation, phosphorylation, ubiquitination), chromatin remodeling and non-coding RNA regulation, have been found to affect the occurrence and development of tumors as well as their radiation response in multiple dimensions. Due to the significance of radiotherapy in tumor treatment and the essential roles of TGF-β signaling in radiation response, it is important to better understand the role of epigenetic regulation mechanisms mediated by TGF-β signaling pathways in radiation-induced targeted and non-targeted effects. CONCLUSIONS By revealing the epigenetic mechanism related to TGF-β-mediated radiation response, summarizing the existing relevant adjuvant strategies for radiotherapy based on TGF-β signaling, and discovering potential therapeutic targets, we hope to provide a new perspective for improving clinical treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Guangming Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Wentao Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, School of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Collaborative Innovation Center of Radiological Medicine of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
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Epshtein Y, Mathew B, Chen W, Jacobson JR. UCHL1 Regulates Radiation Lung Injury via Sphingosine Kinase-1. Cells 2023; 12:2405. [PMID: 37830619 PMCID: PMC10572187 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 09/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GADD45a is a gene we previously reported as a mediator of responses to acute lung injury. GADD45a-/- mice express decreased Akt and increased Akt ubiquitination due to the reduced expression of UCHL1 (ubiquitin c-terminal hydrolase L1), a deubiquitinating enzyme, while GADD45a-/- mice have increased their susceptibility to radiation-induced lung injury (RILI). Separately, we have reported a role for sphingolipids in RILI, evidenced by the increased RILI susceptibility of SphK1-/- (sphingosine kinase 1) mice. A mechanistic link between UCHL1 and sphingolipid signaling in RILI is suggested by the known polyubiquitination of SphK1. Thus, we hypothesized that the regulation of SphK1 ubiquitination by UCHL1 mediates RILI. Initially, human lung endothelial cells (EC) subjected to radiation demonstrated a significant upregulation of UCHL1 and SphK1. The ubiquitination of EC SphK1 after radiation was confirmed via the immunoprecipitation of SphK1 and Western blotting for ubiquitin. Further, EC transfected with siRNA specifically for UCHL1 or pretreated with LDN-5744, as a UCHL1 inhibitor, prior to radiation were noted to have decreased ubiquitinated SphK1 in both conditions. Further, the inhibition of UCHL1 attenuated sphingolipid-mediated EC barrier enhancement was measured by transendothelial electrical resistance. Finally, LDN pretreatment significantly augmented murine RILI severity. Our data support the fact that the regulation of SphK1 expression after radiation is mediated by UCHL1. The modulation of UCHL1 affecting sphingolipid signaling may represent a novel RILI therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jeffrey R. Jacobson
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA; (Y.E.); (W.C.)
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Zhang J, Liu X, Wang YK, Yu ZH, Wang WJ, Jia WZ. Transcriptome and metabolome analyses reveal gender-specific expression genes in sea cucumber (Holothuria leucospilota). COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2023; 47:101117. [PMID: 37591053 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2023.101117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 08/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
The sea cucumber Holothuria leucospilota, a nutritive and commercial marine species, has a high protein and low lipid content. To date, the mechanisms underlying gender determination and differentiation in sea cucumbers remain unclear. Identifying gender-specific molecular markers is an effective method of revealing the genetic basis of gender determination and differentiation. The inability to distinguish between male and female individuals causes reproductive efficiency to decline in aquaculture. In this study, we used the gonads of the sea cucumber H. leucospilota as samples to conduct the experiment. The differentially abundant metabolites (DAMs) detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry were enriched in pathways associated with prolactin metabolism, insulin metabolism, hypoxia-inducible factor-1 signaling, and calcium signaling. At the transcriptome level, Illumina sequencing was performed on H. leucospilota, demonstrating that gender-specific expression genes were enriched in the retinoic acid-inducible gene I-like receptor signaling pathway, C-type lectin receptor signaling pathway, alpha-linolenic acid metabolism, and ether lipid metabolism by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis. By analyzing the common pathways between DAMs and differentially expressed genes, we found that gender-related genes of H. leucospilota were mostly enriched in the necroptosis pathway and the cysteine and methionine metabolism pathways. According to the common pathways, uch-sc1 and uch-sc2 are male-specific expression genes, and uch-sc3 and bhmt are female-specific expression genes at the mRNA level. These results provide information on gender differences in H. leucospilota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China; Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology Drug Candidate Research, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.
| | - Xi Liu
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ya-Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Tropical & Subtropical Fishery Resource Application & Cultivation of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zong-He Yu
- College of Marine Sciences, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Jie Wang
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Zhang Jia
- School of Life Sciences and Biopharmaceutics, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
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Wang X, Zhang N, Li M, Hong T, Meng W, Ouyang T. Ubiquitin C‑terminal hydrolase‑L1: A new cancer marker and therapeutic target with dual effects (Review). Oncol Lett 2023; 25:123. [PMID: 36844618 PMCID: PMC9950345 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2023.13709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase-L1 (UCH-L1), a member of the lesser-known deubiquitinating enzyme family, has deubiquitinase and ubiquitin (Ub) ligase activity and the role of stabilizing Ub. UCH-L1 was first discovered in the brain and is associated with regulating cell differentiation, proliferation, transcriptional regulation and numerous other biological processes. UCH-L1 is predominantly expressed in the brain and serves a role in tumor promotion or inhibition. There is still controversy about the effect of UCH-L1 dysregulation in cancer and its mechanisms are unknown. Extensive research to investigate the mechanism of UCH-L1 in different types of cancer is key for the future treatment of UCH-L1-associated cancer. The present review details the molecular structure and function of UCH-L1. The role of UCH-L1 in different types of cancer is also summarized and how novel treatment targets provide a theoretical foundation in cancer research is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China,Department of The Second Clinical Medical College of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Na Zhang
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Meihua Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Tao Hong
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China
| | - Wei Meng
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Wei Meng or Dr Taohui Ouyang, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, E-mail:
| | - Taohui Ouyang
- Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China,Correspondence to: Dr Wei Meng or Dr Taohui Ouyang, Department of Neurosurgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, 17 Yongwai Street, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330006, P.R. China, E-mail:
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Obermayr E, Koppensteiner N, Heinzl N, Schuster E, Holzer B, Fabikan H, Weinlinger C, Illini O, Hochmair MJ, Zeillinger R. Effect of short-term storage of blood samples on gene expression in lung cancer patients. Clin Chem Lab Med 2023; 61:294-301. [PMID: 36395488 DOI: 10.1515/cclm-2022-0738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The stability of gene transcripts associated with the presence of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) has been predominantly studied in cultured cancer cell lines added to blood samples under artificial conditions. In the present study the effect of storage on CTC-related transcripts was assessed in blood samples taken from patients with non-small lung cancer (n=58). METHODS The blood samples were split in two equal parts to compare the gene expression with and without storage for 24 h at ambient temperature without preservative added. After enrichment using the microfluidic Parsortix® technology, the expression levels of selected genes were assessed using quantitative PCR following a gene-specific pre-amplification. The prognostic relevance of each gene in fresh and stored blood samples was evaluated using the R-package Survminer. RESULTS Some genes were either not affected (TWIST1, CDH5, CK19) or upregulated upon storage (NANOG, MET, UCHL1) but still associated with poor prognosis. In contrast, ERBB3, PTHLH, EpCAM, and TERT were no longer associated with the overall survival of the patients. CONCLUSIONS The study demonstrates the surprising stability of CTC-related transcripts, which makes overnight shipping of native blood samples possible. Careful verification is required when using model systems - such as normal blood spiked with tumor cells - or other CTC-related markers, as individual transcripts may respond differently to storage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Obermayr
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nina Koppensteiner
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Nicole Heinzl
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva Schuster
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Barbara Holzer
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Hannah Fabikan
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christoph Weinlinger
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Illini
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maximilian J Hochmair
- Karl Landsteiner Institute of Lung Research and Pulmonary Oncology, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Klinik Floridsdorf, Vienna Healthcare Group, Vienna, Austria
| | - Robert Zeillinger
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Molecular Oncology Group, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
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Mondal M, Conole D, Nautiyal J, Tate EW. UCHL1 as a novel target in breast cancer: emerging insights from cell and chemical biology. Br J Cancer 2022; 126:24-33. [PMID: 34497382 PMCID: PMC8727673 DOI: 10.1038/s41416-021-01516-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 07/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer has the highest incidence and death rate among cancers in women worldwide. In particular, metastatic estrogen receptor negative (ER-) breast cancer and triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) subtypes have very limited treatment options, with low survival rates. Ubiquitin carboxyl terminal hydrolase L1 (UCHL1), a ubiquitin C-terminal hydrolase belonging to the deubiquitinase (DUB) family of enzymes, is highly expressed in these cancer types, and several key reports have revealed emerging and important roles for UCHL1 in breast cancer. However, selective and potent small-molecule UCHL1 inhibitors have been disclosed only very recently, alongside chemical biology approaches to detect regulated UHCL1 activity in cancer cells. These tools will enable novel insights into oncogenic mechanisms driven by UCHL1, and identification of substrate proteins deubiquitinated by UCHL1, with the ultimate goal of realising the potential of UCHL1 as a drug target in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milon Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Daniel Conole
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Jaya Nautiyal
- Department of Surgery and Cancer, Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Edward W Tate
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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Endothelial-specific depletion of TGF-β signaling affects lymphatic function. Inflamm Regen 2021; 41:35. [PMID: 34847944 PMCID: PMC8638105 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-021-00185-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β is a multifunctional cytokine involved in cell differentiation, cell proliferation, and tissue homeostasis. Although TGF-β signaling is essential for maintaining blood vessel functions, little is known about the role of TGF-β in lymphatic homeostasis. METHODS To delineate the role of TGF-β signaling in lymphatic vessels, TβRIIfl/fl mice were crossed with Prox1-CreERT2 mice to generate TβRIIfl/fl; Prox1-CreERT2 mice. The TβRII gene in the lymphatic endothelial cells (LECs) of the conditional knockout TβRIIiΔLEC mice was selectively deleted using tamoxifen. The effects of TβRII gene deletion on embryonic lymphangiogenesis, postnatal lymphatic structure and drainage function, tumor lymphangiogenesis, and lymphatic tumor metastasis were investigated. RESULTS Deficiency of LEC-specific TGF-β signaling in embryos, where lymphangiogenesis is active, caused dorsal edema with dilated lymphatic vessels at E13.5. Postnatal mice in which lymphatic vessels had already been formed displayed dilation and increased bifurcator of lymphatic vessels after tamoxifen administration. Similar dilation was also observed in tumor lymphatic vessels. The drainage of FITC-dextran, which was subcutaneously injected into the soles of the feet of the mice, was reduced in TβRIIiΔLEC mice. Furthermore, Lewis lung carcinoma cells constitutively expressing GFP (LLC-GFP) transplanted into the footpads of the mice showed reduced patellar lymph node metastasis. CONCLUSION These data suggest that TGF-β signaling in LECs maintains the structure of lymphatic vessels and lymphatic homeostasis, in addition to promoting tumor lymphatic metastasis. Therefore, suppression of TGF-β signaling in LECs might be effective in inhibiting cancer metastasis.
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Similar sequences but dissimilar biological functions of GDF11 and myostatin. Exp Mol Med 2020; 52:1673-1693. [PMID: 33077875 PMCID: PMC8080601 DOI: 10.1038/s12276-020-00516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Growth differentiation factor 11 (GDF11) and myostatin (MSTN) are closely related TGFβ family members that are often believed to serve similar functions due to their high homology. However, genetic studies in animals provide clear evidence that they perform distinct roles. While the loss of Mstn leads to hypermuscularity, the deletion of Gdf11 results in abnormal skeletal patterning and organ development. The perinatal lethality of Gdf11-null mice, which contrasts with the long-term viability of Mstn-null mice, has led most research to focus on utilizing recombinant GDF11 proteins to investigate the postnatal functions of GDF11. However, the reported outcomes of the exogenous application of recombinant GDF11 proteins are controversial partly because of the different sources and qualities of recombinant GDF11 used and because recombinant GDF11 and MSTN proteins are nearly indistinguishable due to their similar structural and biochemical properties. Here, we analyze the similarities and differences between GDF11 and MSTN from an evolutionary point of view and summarize the current understanding of the biological processing, signaling, and physiological functions of GDF11 and MSTN. Finally, we discuss the potential use of recombinant GDF11 as a therapeutic option for a wide range of medical conditions and the possible adverse effects of GDF11 inhibition mediated by MSTN inhibitors.
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