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Wei L, Huang Y, Chen Y, Wu J, Chen K, Zheng Z, Wang S, Xue L. Biomarkers for predicting the severity of spinal cord injury by proteomic analysis. Front Mol Neurosci 2023; 16:1153230. [PMID: 38155913 PMCID: PMC10753799 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2023.1153230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose Currently, there is a shortage of the protein biomarkers for classifying spinal cord injury (SCI) severity. We attempted to explore the candidate biomarkers for predicting SCI severity. Methods SCI rat models with mild, moderate, and severe injury were constructed with an electro-mechanic impactor. The behavior assessment and pathological examinations were conducted before and after SCI. Then, quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) was performed in spinal cord tissues with different extents of injury. The differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in SCI relative to controls were identified, followed by Mfuzz clustering, function enrichment analysis, and protein-protein interaction (PPI) network construction. The differential changes of candidate proteins were validated by using a parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) assay. Results After SCI modeling, the motor function and mechanical pain sensitivity of SCI rats were impaired, dependent on the severity of the injury. A total of 154 DEPs overlapped in the mild, moderate, and severe SCI groups, among which 82 proteins were classified in clusters 1, 2, 3, 5, and 6 with similar expression patterns at different extents of injury. DEPs were closely related to inflammatory response and significantly enriched in the IL-17 signaling pathway. PPI network showed that Fgg (Fibrinogen gamma chain), Fga (Fibrinogen alpha chain), Serpinc1 (Antithrombin-III), and Fgb (Fibrinogen beta chain) in cluster 1 were significant nodes with the largest degrees. The upregulation of the significant nodes in SCI samples was validated by PRM. Conclusion Fgg, Fga, and Fgb may be the putative biomarkers for assessing the extent of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Wei
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (900TH Hospital), Fuzhou, China
| | - Yubei Huang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Fuding Hospital, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuding, China
| | - Yehuang Chen
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (900TH Hospital), Fuzhou, China
| | - Jianwu Wu
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (900TH Hospital), Fuzhou, China
| | - Kaiqin Chen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiang’an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, China
| | - Zhaocong Zheng
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (900TH Hospital), Fuzhou, China
| | - Shousen Wang
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (900TH Hospital), Fuzhou, China
| | - Liang Xue
- Fuzong Clinical Medical College of Fujian Medical University (900TH Hospital), Fuzhou, China
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Wang D, Zhao M, Tang X, Gao M, Liu W, Xiang M, Ruan J, Chen J, Long B, Li J. Transcriptomic analysis of spinal cord regeneration after injury in Cynops orientalis. Neural Regen Res 2023; 18:2743-2750. [PMID: 37449639 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.373717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Cynops orientalis (C. orientalis) has a pronounced ability to regenerate its spinal cord after injury. Thus, exploring the molecular mechanism of this process could provide new approaches for promoting mammalian spinal cord regeneration. In this study, we established a model of spinal cord thoracic transection injury in C. orientalis, which is an endemic species in China. We performed RNA sequencing of the contused axolotl spinal cord at two early time points after spinal cord injury - during the very acute stage (4 days) and the subacute stage (7 days) - and identified differentially expressed genes; additionally, we performed Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway analyses, at each time point. Transcriptome sequencing showed that 13,059 genes were differentially expressed during C. orientalis spinal cord regeneration compared with uninjured animals, among which 4273 were continuously down-regulated and 1564 were continuously up-regulated. Down-regulated genes were most enriched in the Gene Ontology term "multicellular organismal process" and in the ribosome pathway at 10 days following spinal cord injury. We found that multiple genes associated with energy metabolism were down-regulated and multiple genes associated with the lysosome were up-regulated after spinal cord injury, indicating the importance of low metabolic activity during wound healing. Immune response-associated pathways were activated during the early acute phase (4 days), while the expression of extracellular matrix proteins such as glycosaminoglycan and collagen, as well as tight junction proteins, was lower at 10 days post-spinal cord injury than 4 days post-spinal cord injury. However, compared with 4 days post-injury, at 10 days post-injury neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions were no longer down-regulated, up-regulated differentially expressed genes were enriched in pathways associated with cancer and the cell cycle, and SHH, VIM, and Sox2 were prominently up-regulated. Immunofluorescence staining showed that glial fibrillary acidic protein was up-regulated in axolotl ependymoglial cells after injury, similar to what is observed in mammalian astrocytes after spinal cord injury, even though axolotls do not form a glial scar during regeneration. We suggest that low intracellular energy production could slow the rapid amplification of ependymoglial cells, thereby inhibiting reactive gliosis, at early stages after spinal cord injury. Extracellular matrix degradation slows cellular responses, represses the expression of neurogenic genes, and reactivates a transcriptional program similar to that of embryonic neuroepithelial cells. These ependymoglial cells act as neural stem cells: they migrate and proliferate to repair the lesion and then differentiate to replace lost glial cells and neurons. This provides the regenerative microenvironment that allows axon growth after injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Man Zhao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Man Gao
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wenjing Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Minghui Xiang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Jian Ruan
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jie Chen
- Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, The Second People's Hospital, Wuhu, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Bin Long
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu, Anhui Province, China
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Graves LY, Keane KF, Taylor JY, Wang TF, Saligan L, Bogie KM. Subacute and Chronic Spinal Cord Injury: A Scoping Review of Epigenetics and Secondary Health Conditions. Epigenet Insights 2023; 16:25168657231205679. [PMID: 37900668 PMCID: PMC10612389 DOI: 10.1177/25168657231205679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetics studies the impact of environmental and behavioral factors on stable phenotypic changes; however, the state of the science examining epigenomic mechanisms of regulation related to secondary health conditions (SHCs) and neuroepigenetics in chronic spinal cord injury (SCI) remain markedly underdeveloped. Objective This scoping review seeks to understand the state of the science in epigenetics and secondary complications following SCI. Methods A literature search was conducted, yielding 277 articles. The inclusion criteria were articles (1) investigating SCI and (2) examining epigenetic regulation as part of the study methodology. A total of 23 articles were selected for final inclusion. Results Of the 23 articles 52% focused on histone modification, while 26% focused on DNA methylation. One study had a human sample, while the majority sampled rats and mice. Primarily, studies examined regeneration, with only one study looking at clinically relevant SHC, such as neuropathic pain. Discussion The findings of this scoping review offer exciting insights into epigenetic and neuroepigenetic application in SCI research. Several key genes, proteins, and pathways emerged across studies, suggesting the critical role of epigenetic regulation in biological processes. This review reinforced the dearth of studies that leverage epigenetic methods to identify prognostic biomarkers in SHCs. Preclinical models of SCI were genotypically and phenotypically similar, which is not reflective of the heterogeneity found in the clinical population of persons with SCI. There is a need to develop better preclinical models and more studies that examine the role of genomics and epigenomics in understanding the diverse health outcomes associated with traumatic SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letitia Y Graves
- School of Nursing, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, USA
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kayla F Keane
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Y Taylor
- Columbia School of Nursing and Center for Research on People of Color, New York, NY, USA
| | - Tzu-fang Wang
- National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Leorey Saligan
- National Institute of Nursing Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Kath M Bogie
- Louis Stokes Cleveland Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Cleveland, OH, USA
- Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Ye J, Wen Z, Wu T, Chen L, Sheng L, Wang C, Teng C, Wu B, Xu J, Wei W. Single-Cell Sequencing Reveals the Optimal Time Window for Anti-Inflammatory Treatment in Spinal Cord Injury. Adv Biol (Weinh) 2023; 7:e2300098. [PMID: 37085744 DOI: 10.1002/adbi.202300098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 04/23/2023]
Abstract
Though the occurrence of neuroinflammation after spinal cord injury (SCI) is essential for antigen clearance and tissue repair, excessive inflammation results in cell death and axon dieback. The effect of anti-inflammatory medicine used in clinical treatment remains debatable owing to the inappropriate therapeutic schedule that does not align with the biological process of immune reaction. A better understanding of the immunity process is critical to promote effective anti-inflammatory therapeutics. However, cellular heterogeneity, which results in complex cellular functions, is a major challenge. This study performs single-cell RNA sequencing by profiling the tissue proximity to the injury site at different time points after SCI. Depending on the analysis of single-cell data and histochemistry observation, an appropriate time window for anti-inflammatory medicine treatment is proposed. This work also verifies the mechanism of typical anti-inflammatory medicine methylprednisolone sodium succinate (MPSS), which is found attributable to the activation inhibition of cells with pro-inflammatory phenotype through the downregulation of pathways such as TNF, IL2, and MIF. These pathways can also be provided as targets for anti-inflammatory treatment. Collectively, this work provides a therapeutic schedule of 1-3 dpi (days post injury) to argue against classical early pulse therapy and provides some pathways for target therapy in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjia Ye
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Zhengfa Wen
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Tianxin Wu
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Liangliang Chen
- College of Computer Science and Technology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310000, China
| | - Lingchao Sheng
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Chenhuan Wang
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Chong Teng
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Bingbing Wu
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Jian Xu
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
| | - Wei Wei
- International Institutes of Medicine, the Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, 322000, China
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Bao J, Yang S. ScRNA analysis and ferroptosis-related ceRNA regulatory network investigation in microglia cells at different time points after spinal cord injury. J Orthop Surg Res 2023; 18:701. [PMID: 37726826 PMCID: PMC10507978 DOI: 10.1186/s13018-023-04195-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injuries (SCI) are usually caused by mechanical trauma that leads to serious physical and psychological damage to the patient as well as a huge economic burden to the whole society. The prevention, treatment, and rehabilitation of spinal cord injuries have become a major issue for the medical community today due to the enormous social and economic expenditure induced via spinal cord injuries. Therefore, in-depth research into SCI is necessary. Microglia have been shown to be the key player in the immune inflammatory response after spinal cord injury, but the mechanisms of immune regulation at different time points after spinal cord injury remain unclear. To investigate the inflammatory biomarkers associated with microglia at different time points after SCI, we downloaded single-cell RNA sequencing data from mouse spinal cords 3- and 14-days after the injury and identified subpopulations associated with microglia. Further functional enrichment analysis also confirmed that microglia are associated with immune system regulation at different time points and that both can modulate cytokine production. As ferroptosis is a newly identified non-apoptotic programmed cell death, microglia establish a bridge between ferroptosis and CNS inflammation and may play an important role in spinal cord injury. We then screened for genes differentially expressed in microglia during 3- and 14-days after spinal cord injury and associated with iron death, named Stmn1 and Fgfbr1, respectively, and verified that these pivotal genes are closely related to the immune cells. Finally, we also screened for drug fractions associated with these pivotal genes. Our results predict key genes in the immune inflammatory process associated with microglia at different time points after spinal cord injury at the single-cell level and provide a molecular basis for better treatment of SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junping Bao
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shu Yang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Affiliated ZhongDa Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, Jiangsu, China.
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Liu JA, Tam KW, Chen YL, Feng X, Chan CWL, Lo ALH, Wu KLK, Hui MN, Wu MH, Chan KKK, Cheung MPL, Cheung CW, Shum DKY, Chan YS, Cheung M. Transplanting Human Neural Stem Cells with ≈50% Reduction of SOX9 Gene Dosage Promotes Tissue Repair and Functional Recovery from Severe Spinal Cord Injury. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023:e2205804. [PMID: 37296073 PMCID: PMC10369238 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2022] [Revised: 04/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Neural stem cells (NSCs) derived from human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs) are considered a major cell source for reconstructing damaged neural circuitry and enabling axonal regeneration. However, the microenvironment at the site of spinal cord injury (SCI) and inadequate intrinsic factors limit the therapeutic potential of transplanted NSCs. Here, it is shown that half dose of SOX9 in hPSCs-derived NSCs (hNSCs) results in robust neuronal differentiation bias toward motor neuron lineage. The enhanced neurogenic potency is partly attributed to the reduction of glycolysis. These neurogenic and metabolic properties retain after transplantation of hNSCs with reduced SOX9 expression in a contusive SCI rat model without the need for growth factor-enriched matrices. Importantly, the grafts exhibit excellent integration properties, predominantly differentiate into motor neurons, reduce glial scar matrix accumulation to facilitate long-distance axon growth and neuronal connectivity with the host as well as dramatically improve locomotor and somatosensory function in recipient animals. These results demonstrate that hNSCs with half SOX9 gene dosage can overcome extrinsic and intrinsic barriers, representing a powerful therapeutic potential for transplantation treatments for SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Aijia Liu
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Neuroscience, Tat Chee Avenue, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kin Wai Tam
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Yong Long Chen
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xianglan Feng
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Christy Wing Lam Chan
- Department of Neuroscience, Tat Chee Avenue, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Amos Lok Hang Lo
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kenneth Lap-Kei Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Ning Hui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ming-Hoi Wu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ken Kwok-Keung Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - May Pui Lai Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Cheung
- Department of Anaesthesiology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Daisy Kwok-Yan Shum
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Martin Cheung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Wang Y, Li W, Wang M, Chen H, Li Y, Wei W, Liu X, Wu Y, Luo S, Liu X, Xiong M. Quercetin prevents the ferroptosis of OPCs by inhibiting the Id2/transferrin pathway. Chem Biol Interact 2023; 381:110556. [PMID: 37230155 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2023.110556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a destructive neurological disorder that causes impaired mobility, sensory, and autonomic dysfunctions. The loss of oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs), which can differentiate into mature oligodendrocytes and re-myelinate damaged axons, is related to poorer recovery for SCI patients. However, inhibiting OPCs loss has always been a difficult problem to overcome. In this study, we demonstrated the anti-ferroptosis effects of quercetin as a mechanism in erastin-induced OPC ferroptosis. Quercetin ameliorated erastin-induced ferroptosis in OPCs, as indicated by decreased iron concentration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and increased content of glutathione (GSH) as well as more normal mitochondria morphology. Compared with erastin-induced OPCs, the myelin basic protein (MBP)-positive myelin and NF200-positive axonal was remarkably increased in quercetin-treated OPCs. Furthermore, quercetin ameliorated the erastin-induced ferroptosis as well as the myelin and axon loss of OPCs by downregulating transferrin. Transfected OPCs with transferrin overexpression plasmids significantly abrogated the protective role of quercetin in OPC ferroptosis. Using ChIP-qPCR, a direct interaction of transferrin with its upstream gene Id2 was found. The overexpression of Id2 reversed the effect of quercetin on OPC ferroptosis. In vivo study found that quercetin greatly decreased the area of injury, and enhanced the BBB score after SCI. Furthermore, in the SCI model, quercetin significantly downregulated Id2 and transferrin expression, while significantly up-regulated GPX4 and PTGS2 expression. In conclusion, quercetin prevents the ferroptosis of OPCs by inhibiting the Id2/transferrin pathway. These findings highlight quercetin as an anti-ferroptosis agent for the treatment or prevention of spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeyang Wang
- Department of Spine, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Spine, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Mingsen Wang
- Department of Orthopedic, Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital of Puning City, Puning, 515343, PR China; Department of Orthopedic, Chaoshan Renyu Hospital of Jieyang, Jieyang, 515300, PR China
| | - Hongdong Chen
- Department of No.1 General Surgery, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Li
- Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China; Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Wei Wei
- Guangdong Cord Blood Bank, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China; Guangzhou Municipality Tianhe Nuoya Bio-engineering Co., Ltd, Guangzhou, 510663, PR China
| | - Xuhua Liu
- Department of Orthopaedic Trauma, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Yuelin Wu
- Department of Spine, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Sidong Luo
- Department of Spine, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Xinfang Liu
- Department of Spine, Orthopaedic Center, Guangdong Second Provincial General Hospital, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China
| | - Man Xiong
- School of Nursing, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510000, PR China.
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8
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Sîrbulescu RF, Ilieş I, Amelung L, Zupanc GKH. Proteomic characterization of spontaneously regrowing spinal cord following injury in the teleost fish Apteronotus leptorhynchus, a regeneration-competent vertebrate. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2022; 208:671-706. [PMID: 36445471 DOI: 10.1007/s00359-022-01591-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In adult mammals, spontaneous repair after spinal cord injury (SCI) is severely limited. By contrast, teleost fish successfully regenerate injured axons and produce new neurons from adult neural stem cells after SCI. The molecular mechanisms underlying this high regenerative capacity are largely unknown. The present study addresses this gap by examining the temporal dynamics of proteome changes in response to SCI in the brown ghost knifefish (Apteronotus leptorhynchus). Two-dimensional difference gel electrophoresis (2D DIGE) was combined with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to collect data during early (1 day), mid (10 days), and late (30 days) phases of regeneration following caudal amputation SCI. Forty-two unique proteins with significant differences in abundance between injured and intact control samples were identified. Correlation analysis uncovered six clusters of spots with similar expression patterns over time and strong conditional dependences, typically within functional families or between isoforms. Significantly regulated proteins were associated with axon development and regeneration; proliferation and morphogenesis; neuronal differentiation and re-establishment of neural connections; promotion of neuroprotection, redox homeostasis, and membrane repair; and metabolism or energy supply. Notably, at all three time points examined, significant regulation of proteins involved in inflammatory responses was absent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruxandra F Sîrbulescu
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
- Vaccine and Immunotherapy Center, Department of Neurology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Iulian Ilieş
- School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Lisa Amelung
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA
| | - Günther K H Zupanc
- School of Engineering and Science, Jacobs University Bremen, 28725, Bremen, Germany.
- Laboratory of Neurobiology, Department of Biology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, 02115, USA.
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9
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Bindila L, Eid T, Mills JD, Hildebrand MS, Brennan GP, Masino SA, Whittemore V, Perucca P, Reid CA, Patel M, Wang KK, van Vliet EA. A companion to the preclinical common data elements for proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics data in rodent epilepsy models. A report of the TASK3-WG4 omics working group of the ILAE/AES joint translational TASK force. Epilepsia Open 2022. [PMID: 36259125 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
The International League Against Epilepsy/American Epilepsy Society (ILAE/AES) Joint Translational Task Force established the TASK3 working groups to create common data elements (CDEs) for various preclinical epilepsy research disciplines. This is the second in a two-part series of omics papers, with the other including genomics, transcriptomics, and epigenomics. The aim of the CDEs was to improve the standardization of experimental designs across a range of epilepsy research-related methods. We have generated CDE tables with key parameters and case report forms (CRFs) containing the essential contents of the study protocols for proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics of samples from rodent models and people with epilepsy. We discuss the important elements that need to be considered for the proteomics, lipidomics, and metabolomics methodologies, providing a rationale for the parameters that should be documented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Bindila
- Clinical Lipidomics Unit, Institute of Physiological Chemistry, University Medical Center of the Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, Mainz, Germany
| | - Tore Eid
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - James D Mills
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michael S Hildebrand
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, The Royal Children's Hospital, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Gary P Brennan
- UCD School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- FutureNeuro Research Centre, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Susan A Masino
- Neuroscience Program and Psychology Department, Life Sciences Center, Trinity College, Hartford, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vicky Whittemore
- Division of Neuroscience, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Piero Perucca
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Bladin-Berkovic Comprehensive Epilepsy Program, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neuroscience, Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, The Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
- Department of Neurology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christopher A Reid
- Epilepsy Research Centre, Department of Medicine (Austin Health), The University of Melbourne, Heidelberg, Victoria, Australia
- Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Manisha Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, Colorado, USA
| | - Kevin K Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics & Biomarker Research (NNBR), Department of Emergency Medicine, Psychiatry and Neuroscience, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
- Brain Rehabilitation Research Center, Malcom Randall VA Medical Center, North Florida/South Georgia Veterans Health System, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Erwin A van Vliet
- Amsterdam UMC location University of Amsterdam, Department of (Neuro)Pathology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Center for Neuroscience, Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Sabirov D, Ogurcov S, Baichurina I, Blatt N, Rizvanov A, Mukhamedshina Y. Molecular diagnostics in neurotrauma: Are there reliable biomarkers and effective methods for their detection? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1017916. [PMID: 36250009 PMCID: PMC9557129 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1017916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
To date, a large number of studies are being carried out in the field of neurotrauma, researchers not only establish the molecular mechanisms of the course of the disorders, but are also involved in the search for effective biomarkers for early prediction of the outcome and therapeutic intervention. Particular attention is paid to traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, due to the complex cascade of reactions in primary and secondary injury that affect pathophysiological processes and regenerative potential of the central nervous system. Despite a wide range of methods available methods to study biomarkers that correlate with the severity and degree of recovery in traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, development of reliable test systems for clinical use continues. In this review, we evaluate the results of recent studies looking for various molecules acting as biomarkers in the abovementioned neurotrauma. We also summarize the current knowledge of new methods for studying biological molecules, analyzing their sensitivity and limitations, as well as reproducibility of results. In this review, we also highlight the importance of developing reliable and reproducible protocols to identify diagnostic and prognostic biomolecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davran Sabirov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Sergei Ogurcov
- Neurosurgical Department No. 2, Republic Clinical Hospital, Kazan, Russia
| | - Irina Baichurina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- *Correspondence: Irina Baichurina,
| | - Nataliya Blatt
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Albert Rizvanov
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
| | - Yana Mukhamedshina
- Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, Kazan, Russia
- Department of Histology, Cytology, and Embryology, Kazan State Medical University, Kazan, Russia
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Proteomic Portraits Reveal Evolutionarily Conserved and Divergent Responses to Spinal Cord Injury. Mol Cell Proteomics 2021; 20:100096. [PMID: 34129941 PMCID: PMC8260874 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcpro.2021.100096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite the emergence of promising therapeutic approaches in preclinical studies, the failure of large-scale clinical trials leaves clinicians without effective treatments for acute spinal cord injury (SCI). These trials are hindered by their reliance on detailed neurological examinations to establish outcomes, which inflate the time and resources required for completion. Moreover, therapeutic development takes place in animal models whose relevance to human injury remains unclear. Here, we address these challenges through targeted proteomic analyses of cerebrospinal fluid and serum samples from 111 patients with acute SCI and, in parallel, a large animal (porcine) model of SCI. We develop protein biomarkers of injury severity and recovery, including a prognostic model of neurological improvement at 6 months with an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.91, and validate these in an independent cohort. Through cross-species proteomic analyses, we dissect evolutionarily conserved and divergent aspects of the SCI response and establish the cerebrospinal fluid abundance of glial fibrillary acidic protein as a biochemical outcome measure in both humans and pigs. Our work opens up new avenues to catalyze translation by facilitating the evaluation of novel SCI therapies, while also providing a resource from which to direct future preclinical efforts. • Targeted proteomic analysis of CSF and serum samples from 111 acute SCI patients. • Single- and multiprotein biomarkers of injury severity and recovery. • Parallel proteomic analysis in a large animal model identifies conserved biomarkers. • Evolutionary conservation and divergence of the proteomic response to SCI.
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Blood Serum Cytokines in Patients with Subacute Spinal Cord Injury: A Pilot Study to Search for Biomarkers of Injury Severity. Brain Sci 2021; 11:brainsci11030322. [PMID: 33806460 PMCID: PMC8000354 DOI: 10.3390/brainsci11030322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background. Despite considerable interest in the search for a spinal cord injury (SCI) therapy, there is a critical need to develop a panel of diagnostic biomarkers to determine injury severity. In this regard, there is a requirement for continuing research into the fundamental processes of neuroinflammatory and autoimmune reactions in SCI, identifying changes in the expression of cytokines. Methods. In this pilot study, an extended multiplex analysis of the cytokine profiles in the serum of patients at 2 weeks post-SCI (n = 28) was carried out, together with an additional assessment of neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) levels by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. A total of 16 uninjured subjects were enrolled as controls. Results. The data obtained showed a large elevation of IFNγ (>52 fold), CCL27 (>13 fold), and CCL26 (>8 fold) 2 weeks after SCI. The levels of cytokines CXCL5, CCL11, CXCL11, IL10, TNFα, and MIF were different between patients with baseline American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grades of A or B, whilst IL2 (>2 fold) and MIP-3a (>6 fold) were significantly expressed in the cervical and thoracic regions. There was a trend towards increasing levels of NSE. However, the difference in NSE was lost when the patient set was segregated based on AIS group. Conclusions. Our pilot research demonstrates that serum concentrations of cytokines can be used as an affordable and rapid detection tool to accurately stratify SCI severity in patients.
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Bighinati A, Khalajzeyqami Z, Baldassarro VA, Lorenzini L, Cescatti M, Moretti M, Giardino L, Calzà L. Time-Course Changes of Extracellular Matrix Encoding Genes Expression Level in the Spinal Cord Following Contusion Injury-A Data-Driven Approach. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22041744. [PMID: 33572341 PMCID: PMC7916102 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22041744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The involvement of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in lesion evolution and functional outcome is well recognized in spinal cord injury. Most attention has been dedicated to the “core” area of the lesion and scar formation, while only scattered reports consider ECM modification based on the temporal evolution and the segments adjacent to the lesion. In this study, we investigated the expression profile of 100 genes encoding for ECM proteins at 1, 8 and 45 days post-injury, in the spinal cord segments rostral and caudal to the lesion and in the scar segment, in a rat model. During both the active lesion phases and the lesion stabilization, we observed an asymmetric gene expression induced by the injury, with a higher regulation in the rostral segment of genes involved in ECM remodeling, adhesion and cell migration. Using bioinformatic approaches, the metalloproteases inhibitor Timp1 and the hyaluronan receptor Cd44 emerged as the hub genes at all post-lesion times. Results from the bioinformatic gene expression analysis were then confirmed at protein level by tissue analysis and by cell culture using primary astrocytes. These results indicated that ECM regulation also takes place outside of the lesion area in spinal cord injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Bighinati
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (L.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Zahra Khalajzeyqami
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Vito Antonio Baldassarro
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Luca Lorenzini
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (L.L.); (L.G.)
| | - Maura Cescatti
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Marzia Moretti
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
| | - Luciana Giardino
- Department of Veterinary Medical Science, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (A.B.); (L.L.); (L.G.)
- Fondazione IRET, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy; (Z.K.); (M.C.); (M.M.)
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Laura Calzà
- Interdepartmental Center for Industrial Research in Life Sciences and Technologies, University of Bologna, Ozzano dell’Emilia, 40064 Bologna, Italy;
- Department of Pharmacy and Biotechnology, University of Bologna, 40126 Bologna, Italy
- Montecatone Rehabilitation Institute, 40026 Imola (BO), Italy
- Correspondence:
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Harrington GMB, Cool P, Hulme C, Osman A, Chowdhury JR, Kumar N, Budithi S, Wright K. Routinely Measured Hematological Markers Can Help to Predict American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale Scores after Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2021; 38:301-308. [PMID: 32703074 PMCID: PMC7826437 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2020.7144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurological outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI) are currently difficult to predict. While the initial American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale (AIS) grade can give an estimate of outcome, the high remaining degree of uncertainty has stoked recent interest in biomarkers for SCI. This study aimed to assess the prognostic value of routinely measured blood biomarkers by developing prognostic models of AIS scores at discharge and 12 months post-injury. Routine blood and clinical data were collected from SCI patients (n = 417), and blood measures that had been assessed in less than 50% of patients were excluded. Outcome neurology was obtained from AIS and Spinal Cord Independence Measure III (SCIM-III) scores at discharge and 12 months post-injury, with motor (AIS) and sensory (AIS, touch and prick) abilities being assessed individually. Linear regression models with and without elastic net penalization were created for all outcome measures. Blood measures associated with liver function, such as alanine transaminase, were found to add value to predictions of SCIM-III at discharge and 12 months post-injury. Further, components of a total blood count, including hemoglobin, were found to add value to predictions of AIS motor and sensory scores at discharge and 12 months post-injury. These findings corroborate the results of our previous preliminary study and thus provide further evidence that routine blood measures can add prognostic value in SCI and that markers of liver function are of particular interest.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paul Cool
- Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Charlotte Hulme
- Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Aheed Osman
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Joy Roy Chowdhury
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Srinivasa Budithi
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
| | - Karina Wright
- Keele University, Staffordshire, United Kingdom
- Robert Jones and Agnes Hunt Orthopedic Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Oswestry, United Kingdom
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Abstract
Proteases comprise a variety of enzymes defined by their ability to catalytically hydrolyze the peptide bonds of other proteins, resulting in protein lysis. Cathepsins, specifically, encompass a class of at least twenty proteases with potent endopeptidase activity. They are located subcellularly in lysosomes, organelles responsible for the cell’s degradative and autophagic processes, and are vital for normal lysosomal function. Although cathepsins are involved in a multitude of cell signaling activities, this chapter will focus on the role of cathepsins (with a special emphasis on Cathepsin B) in neuronal plasticity. We will broadly define what is known about regulation of cathepsins in the central nervous system and compare this with their dysregulation after injury or disease. Importantly, we will delineate what is currently known about the role of cathepsins in axon regeneration and plasticity after spinal cord injury. It is well established that normal cathepsin activity is integral to the function of lysosomes. Without normal lysosomal function, autophagy and other homeostatic cellular processes become dysregulated resulting in axon dystrophy. Furthermore, controlled activation of cathepsins at specialized neuronal structures such as axonal growth cones and dendritic spines have been positively implicated in their plasticity. This chapter will end with a perspective on the consequences of cathepsin dysregulation versus controlled, localized regulation to clarify how cathepsins can contribute to both neuronal plasticity and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Phuong Tran
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jerry Silver
- Department of Neurosciences, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
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16
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Gong L, Lv Y, Li S, Feng T, Zhou Y, Sun Y, Mi D. Changes in transcriptome profiling during the acute/subacute phases of contusional spinal cord injury in rats. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1682. [PMID: 33490194 PMCID: PMC7812200 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-6519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background Spinal cord injuries (SCIs), along with subsequent secondary injuries, often result in irreversible damage to both sensory and motor functions. However, a thorough view of the underlying pathological mechanisms of SCIs, especially in a temporal-spatial manner, is still lacking. Methods To obtain a comprehensive, real-time view of multiple subsets of the cellular mechanisms involved in SCIs, we applied RNA-sequencing technology to characterize the temporal changes in gene expression around the lesion site of contusion SCI in rats. First, we identified the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in contrast to sham controls at 1, 4, and 7 days post SCI. Through bioinformatics analysis, including Pathway analysis, Gene-act-net, and Pathway-act-net, we screened and verified potential key pathways and genes associated with either the acute or subacute stages of SCI pathology. Results The top three overrepresented pathways were associated with cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, TNF signaling pathway, and cell cycle at day 1; lysosome, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction, phagosome at day 4; and phagosome, lysosome, cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction at day 7 post injury. Further, we identified uniquely enriched genes at each time point, such as Ccr1 and Nos2 at day 1; as well as Mgst2, and Pla2g3 at 4 and 7 days post-injury. Conclusions Our pathway analysis suggested a transition from inflammatory responses to multiple forms of cell death processes from the acute to subacute stages of SCI. Further, our results revealed a continuous transformation from a more inflammatory to an apoptotic/self-repairing transcriptome following the time-course of SCIs. Our research provides novel insights into the molecular mechanisms of SCI pathophysiology and identifies potential targets for therapeutic intervention after SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leilei Gong
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Yehua Lv
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Shenglong Li
- Key Laboratory of Neuroregeneration of Jiangsu and Ministry of Education, Co-Innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Tao Feng
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
| | - Yuyu Sun
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Third People's Hospital, Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Daguo Mi
- Department of Orthopedic, Nantong Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Nantong, China
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17
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Recent progress in therapeutic drug delivery systems for treatment of traumatic CNS injuries. Future Med Chem 2020; 12:1759-1778. [PMID: 33028091 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2020-0178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Most therapeutics for the treatment of traumatic central nervous system injuries, such as traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury, encounter various obstacles in reaching the target tissue and exerting pharmacological effects, including physiological barriers like the blood-brain barrier and blood-spinal cord barrier, instability rapid elimination from the injured tissue or cerebrospinal fluid and off-target toxicity. For central nervous system delivery, nano- and microdrug delivery systems are regarded as the most suitable and promising carriers. In this review, the pathophysiology and biomarkers of traumatic central nervous system injuries (traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury) are introduced. Furthermore, various drug delivery systems, novel combinatorial therapies and advanced therapies for the treatment of traumatic brain injury and spinal cord injury are emphasized.
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18
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Sharif S, Jazaib Ali MY. Outcome Prediction in Spinal Cord Injury: Myth or Reality. World Neurosurg 2020; 140:574-590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.wneu.2020.05.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2020] [Revised: 05/04/2020] [Accepted: 05/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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19
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Protein Degradome of Spinal Cord Injury: Biomarkers and Potential Therapeutic Targets. Mol Neurobiol 2020; 57:2702-2726. [PMID: 32328876 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-020-01916-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Degradomics is a proteomics sub-discipline whose goal is to identify and characterize protease-substrate repertoires. With the aim of deciphering and characterizing key signature breakdown products, degradomics emerged to define encryptic biomarker neoproteins specific to certain disease processes. Remarkable improvements in structural and analytical experimental methodologies as evident in research investigating cellular behavior in neuroscience and cancer have allowed the identification of specific degradomes, increasing our knowledge about proteases and their regulators and substrates along with their implications in health and disease. A physiologic balance between protein synthesis and degradation is sought with the activation of proteolytic enzymes such as calpains, caspases, cathepsins, and matrix metalloproteinases. Proteolysis is essential for development, growth, and regeneration; however, inappropriate and uncontrolled activation of the proteolytic system renders the diseased tissue susceptible to further neurotoxic processes. In this article, we aim to review the protease-substrate repertoires as well as emerging therapeutic interventions in spinal cord injury at the degradomic level. Several protease substrates and their breakdown products, essential for the neuronal structural integrity and functional capacity, have been characterized in neurotrauma including cytoskeletal proteins, neuronal extracellular matrix glycoproteins, cell junction proteins, and ion channels. Therefore, targeting exaggerated protease activity provides a potentially effective therapeutic approach in the management of protease-mediated neurotoxicity in reducing the extent of damage secondary to spinal cord injury.
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20
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Araújo JE, Jorge S, Santos HM, Chiechi A, Galstyan A, Lodeiro C, Diniz M, Kleinman MT, Ljubimova JY, Capelo JL. Proteomic changes driven by urban pollution suggest particulate matter as a deregulator of energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative pathways in the rat brain. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 687:839-848. [PMID: 31412487 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.06.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The adverse effects of air pollution have been long studied in the lung and respiratory systems, but the molecular changes that this causes at the central nervous system level have yet to be fully investigated and understood. To explore the evolution with time of protein expression levels in the brain of rats exposed to particulate matter of different sizes, we carried out two-dimensional gel electrophoresis followed by determination of dysregulated proteins through Coomassie blue staining-based densities (SameSpots software) and subsequent protein identification using MALDI-based mass spectrometry. Expression differences in dysregulated proteins were found to be statistically significant with p-value <0.05. A systems biology-based approach was utilized to determine critical biochemical pathways involved in the rats' brain response. Our results suggest that rats' brains have a particulate matter size dependent-response, being the mitochondrial activity and the astrocyte function severely affected. Our proteomic study confirms the dysregulation of different biochemical pathways involving energy metabolism, mitochondrial activity, and oxidative pathways as some of the main effects of PM exposure on the rat brain. SIGNIFICANCE: Rat brains exposed to particulate matter with origin in car engines are affected in two main areas: mitochondrial activity, by the dysregulation of many pathways linked to the respiratory chain, and neuronal and astrocytic function, which stimulates brain changes triggering tumorigenesis and neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J E Araújo
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Proteomass Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madan Park, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - Susana Jorge
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Proteomass Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madan Park, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - H M Santos
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Proteomass Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madan Park, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - A Chiechi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - A Galstyan
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - Carlos Lodeiro
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Proteomass Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madan Park, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal
| | - M Diniz
- UCIBIO, REQUIMTE, Department of Chemistry, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade NOVA de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal
| | - M T Kleinman
- Department of Medicine, University of California at Irvine, 19182 Jamboree Rd. FRF, 100, Irvine, CA, United States
| | - Julia Y Ljubimova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, 127 S. San Vicente Blvd, Los Angeles, CA 90048, United States
| | - J L Capelo
- BIOSCOPE Group, LAQV-REQUIMTE, Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, 2829-516 Caparica, Portugal; Proteomass Scientific Society, Rua dos Inventores, Madan Park, 2829-516, Caparica, Portugal.
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21
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Neurochemical biomarkers in spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord 2019; 57:819-831. [PMID: 31273298 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-019-0319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 06/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN This is a narrative review of the literature on neurochemical biomarkers in spinal cord injury (SCI). OBJECTIVES The objective was to summarize the literature on neurochemical biomarkers in SCI and describe their use in facilitating clinical trials for SCI. Clinical trials in spinal cord injury (SCI) have been notoriously difficult to conduct, as exemplified by the paucity of definitive prospective randomized trials that have been completed, to date. This is related to the relatively low incidence and the complexity and heterogeneity of the human SCI condition. Given the increasing number of promising approaches that are emerging from the laboratory which are vying for clinical evaluation, novel strategies to help facilitate clinical trials are needed. METHODS A literature review was conducted, with a focus on neurochemical biomarkers that have been described in human neurotrauma. RESULTS We describe advances in our understanding of neurochemical biomarkers as they pertain to human SCI. The application of biomarkers from serum and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) has been led by efforts in the human traumatic brain injury (TBI) literature. A number of promising biomarkers have been described in human SCI whereby they may assist in stratifying injury severity and predicting outcome. CONCLUSIONS Several time-specific biomarkers have been described for acute SCI and for chronic SCI. These appear promising for stratifying injury severity and potentially predicting outcome. The subsequent application within a clinical trial will help to demonstrate their utility in facilitating the study of novel approaches for SCI.
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Albayar AA, Roche A, Swiatkowski P, Antar S, Ouda N, Emara E, Smith DH, Ozturk AK, Awad BI. Biomarkers in Spinal Cord Injury: Prognostic Insights and Future Potentials. Front Neurol 2019; 10:27. [PMID: 30761068 PMCID: PMC6361789 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2019.00027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal Cord Injury (SCI) is a major challenge in Neurotrauma research. Complex pathophysiological processes take place immediately after the injury and later on as the chronic injury develops. Moreover, SCI is usually accompanied by traumatic injuries because the most common modality of injury is road traffic accidents and falls. Patients develop significant permanent neurological deficits that depend on the extent and the location of the injury itself and in time they develop further neurological and body changes that may risk their mere survival. In our review, we explored the recent updates with regards to SCI biomarkers. We observed two methods that may lead to the appearance of biomarkers for SCI. First, during the first few weeks following the injury the Blood Spinal Cord Barrier (BSCB) disruption that releases several neurologic structure components from the injured tissue. These components find their way to Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) and the systemic circulation. Also, as the injury develops several components of the pathological process are expressed or released such as in neuroinflammation, apoptosis, reactive oxygen species, and excitotoxicity sequences. Therefore, there is a growing interest in examining any correlations between these components and the degrees or the outcomes of the injury. Additionally, some of the candidate biomarkers are theorized to track the progressive changes of SCI which offers an insight on the patients' prognoses, potential-treatments-outcomes assessment, and monitoring the progression of the complications of chronic SCI such as Pressure Ulcers and urinary dysfunction. An extensive literature review was performed covering literature, published in English, until February 2018 using the Medline/PubMed database. Experimental and human studies were included and titles, PMID, publication year, authors, biomarkers studies, the method of validation, relationship to SCI pathophysiology, and concluded correlation were reported. Potential SCI biomarkers need further validation using clinical studies. The selection of the appropriate biomarker group should be made based on the stage of the injuries, the accompanying trauma and with regards to any surgical, or medical interference that might have been done. Additionally, we suggest testing multiple biomarkers related to the several pathological changes coinciding to offer a more precise prediction of the outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed A Albayar
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Abigail Roche
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Przemyslaw Swiatkowski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Sarah Antar
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Nouran Ouda
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Eman Emara
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ali K Ozturk
- Department of Neurosurgery, Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Basem I Awad
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
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Squair JW, Tigchelaar S, Moon KM, Liu J, Tetzlaff W, Kwon BK, Krassioukov AV, West CR, Foster LJ, Skinnider MA. Integrated systems analysis reveals conserved gene networks underlying response to spinal cord injury. eLife 2018; 7:39188. [PMID: 30277459 PMCID: PMC6173583 DOI: 10.7554/elife.39188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) is a devastating neurological condition for which there are currently no effective treatment options to restore function. A major obstacle to the development of new therapies is our fragmentary understanding of the coordinated pathophysiological processes triggered by damage to the human spinal cord. Here, we describe a systems biology approach to integrate decades of small-scale experiments with unbiased, genome-wide gene expression from the human spinal cord, revealing a gene regulatory network signature of the pathophysiological response to SCI. Our integrative analyses converge on an evolutionarily conserved gene subnetwork enriched for genes associated with the response to SCI by small-scale experiments, and whose expression is upregulated in a severity-dependent manner following injury and downregulated in functional recovery. We validate the severity-dependent upregulation of this subnetwork in rodents in primary transcriptomic and proteomic studies. Our analysis provides systems-level view of the coordinated molecular processes activated in response to SCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordan W Squair
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Seth Tigchelaar
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Kyung-Mee Moon
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Jie Liu
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Wolfram Tetzlaff
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Andrei V Krassioukov
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,GF Strong Rehabilitation Centre, Vancouver Health Authority, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Division of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Christopher R West
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,School of Kinesiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Leonard J Foster
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Michael A Skinnider
- Centre for High-Throughput Biology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
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24
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Hergenroeder GW, Redell JB, Choi HA, Schmitt L, Donovan W, Francisco GE, Schmitt K, Moore AN, Dash PK. Increased Levels of Circulating Glial Fibrillary Acidic Protein and Collapsin Response Mediator Protein-2 Autoantibodies in the Acute Stage of Spinal Cord Injury Predict the Subsequent Development of Neuropathic Pain. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2530-2539. [PMID: 29774780 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2018.5675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Neuropathic pain develops in 40-70% of spinal cord injury (SCI) patients and markedly compromises quality of life. We examined plasma from SCI patients for autoantibodies to glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and collapsin response mediator protein-2 (CRMP2) and evaluated their relationship to the development of neuropathic pain. In study 1, plasma samples and clinical data from 80 chronic SCI patients (1-41 years post-SCI) were collected and screened for GFAP autoantibodies (GFAPab). Results from study 1 indicated that GFAPab were present in 34 of 80 (42.5%) patients, but circulating levels did not correlate with the occurrence of neuropathic pain. In study 2, longitudinal plasma samples and clinical data were collected from 38 acute SCI patients. The level of GFAPab measured at 16 ± 7 days post-SCI was found to be significantly higher in patients that subsequently developed neuropathic pain (within 6 months post-SCI) than patients who did not (T = 219; p = 0.02). In study 3, we identified CRMP2 as an autoantibody target (CRMP2ab) in 23% of acute SCI patients. The presence of GFAPab and/or CRMP2ab increased the odds of subsequently developing neuropathic pain within 6 months of injury by 9.5 times (p = 0.006). Our results suggest that if a causal link can be established between these autoantibodies and the development of neuropathic pain, strategies aimed at reducing the circulating levels of these autoantibodies may have therapeutic value.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgene W Hergenroeder
- 1 The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,3 Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
| | - John B Redell
- 2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas
| | - H Alex Choi
- 1 The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,3 Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
| | - Lisa Schmitt
- 1 The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,3 Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas
| | - William Donovan
- 3 Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas.,4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,5 TIRR-Memorial Hermann , Houston, Texas
| | - Gerard E Francisco
- 3 Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas.,4 Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,5 TIRR-Memorial Hermann , Houston, Texas
| | - Karl Schmitt
- 1 The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,3 Memorial Hermann Hospital-Texas Medical Center , Houston, Texas.,5 TIRR-Memorial Hermann , Houston, Texas
| | - Anthony N Moore
- 2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas
| | - Pramod K Dash
- 1 The Vivian L. Smith Department of Neurosurgery, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas.,2 Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston (UTHealth) , Houston, Texas
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25
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O'Connor G, Jeffrey E, Madorma D, Marcillo A, Abreu MT, Deo SK, Dietrich WD, Daunert S. Investigation of Microbiota Alterations and Intestinal Inflammation Post-Spinal Cord Injury in Rat Model. J Neurotrauma 2018; 35:2159-2166. [PMID: 29566601 DOI: 10.1089/neu.2017.5349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Although there has been a significant amount of research focused on the pathophysiology of spinal cord injury (SCI), there is limited information on the consequences of SCI on remote organs. SCI can produce significant effects on a variety of organ systems, including the gastrointestinal tract. Patients with SCI often suffer from severe, debilitating bowel dysfunction in addition to their physical disabilities, which is of major concern for these individuals because of the adverse impact on their quality of life. Herein, we report on our investigation into the effects of SCI and subsequent antibiotic treatment on the intestinal tissue and microbiota. For that, we used a thoracic SCI rat model and investigated changes to the microbiota, proinflammatory cytokine levels, and bacterial communication molecule levels post-injury and gentamicin treatment for 7 days. We discovered significant changes, the most interesting being the differences in the gut microbiota beta diversity of 8-week SCI animals compared to control animals at the family, genus, and species level. Specifically, 35 operational taxonomic units were enriched in the SCI animal group and three were identified at species level; Lactobacillus intestinalis, Clostridium disporicum, and Bifidobacterium choerinum. In contrast, Clostridium saccharogumia was identified as depleted in the SCI animal group. Proinflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-12, macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2), and tumor necrosis factor alpha were found to be significantly elevated in intestinal tissue homogenate 4 weeks post-SCI compared to 8-weeks post-injury. Further, levels of IL-1β, IL-12, and MIP-2 significantly correlated with changes in beta diversity 8-weeks post-SCI. Our data provide a greater understanding of the early effects of SCI on the microbiota and gastrointestinal tract, highlighting the need for further investigation to elucidate the mechanism underlying these effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory O'Connor
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Elisabeth Jeffrey
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Derik Madorma
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Alexander Marcillo
- 2 Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Maria T Abreu
- 3 Division of Gastroenterology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sapna K Deo
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - W Dalton Dietrich
- 2 Miami Project to Cure Paralysis, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
| | - Sylvia Daunert
- 1 Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami , Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida
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26
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Influence of Genetically Modified Human Umbilical Cord Blood Mononuclear Cells on the Expression of Schwann Cell Molecular Determinants in Spinal Cord Injury. Stem Cells Int 2018. [PMID: 29531538 PMCID: PMC5835253 DOI: 10.1155/2018/4695275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Spinal cord injury (SCI) unavoidably results in death of not only neurons but also glial cells. In particular, the death of oligodendrocytes leads to impaired nerve impulse conduction in intact axons. However, after SCI, the Schwann cells (SCs) are capable of migrating towards an area of injury and participating in the formation of functional myelin. In addition to SCI, cell-based therapy can influence the migration of SCs and the expression of their molecular determinants. In a number of cases, it can be explained by the ability of implanted cells to secrete neurotrophic factors (NTFs). Genetically modified stem and progenitor cells overexpressing NTFs have recently attracted special attention of researchers and are most promising for the purposes of regenerative medicine. Therefore, we have studied the effect of genetically modified human umbilical cord blood mononuclear cells on the expression of SC molecular determinants in SCI.
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Protein Biomarkers and Neuroproteomics Characterization of Microvesicles/Exosomes from Human Cerebrospinal Fluid Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Mol Neurobiol 2017; 55:6112-6128. [PMID: 29188495 DOI: 10.1007/s12035-017-0821-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Recently, there have been emerging interests in the area of microvesicles and exosome (MV/E) released from brain cells in relation to neurodegenerative diseases. However, only limited studies focused on MV/E released post-traumatic brain injury (TBI) as they highlight on the mechanistic roles of released proteins. This study sought to examine if CSF samples from severe TBI patients contain MV/E with unique protein contents. First, nanoparticle tracking analysis determined MV/E from TBI have a mode of 74-98 nm in diameter, while control CSF MV/E have a mode of 99-104 nm. Also, there are more MV/E were isolated from TBI CSF (27.8-33.6 × 108/mL) than from control CSF (13.1-18.5 × 108/mL). Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) visualization also confirmed characteristic MV/E morphology. Using targeted immunoblotting approach, we observed the presence of several known TBI biomarkers such as αII-spectrin breakdown products (BDPs), GFAP, and its BDPs and UCH-L1 in higher concentrations in MV/E from TBI CSF than their counterparts from control CSF. Furthermore, we found presynaptic terminal protein synaptophysin and known exosome marker Alix enriched in MV/E from human TBI CSF. In parallel, we conducted nRPLC-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomic analysis of two control and two TBI CSF samples. Ninety-one proteins were identified with high confidence in MV/E from control CSF, whereas 466 proteins were identified in the counterpart from TBI CSF. MV/E isolated from human CSF contain cytoskeletal proteins, neurite-outgrowth related proteins, and synaptic proteins, extracellular matrix proteins, and complement protein C1q subcomponent subunit B. Taken together, following severe TBI, the injured human brain released increased number of extracellular microvesicles/exosomes (MV/E) into CSF. These TBI MV/E contain several known TBI biomarkers and previously undescribed brain protein markers. It is also possible that such TBI-specific MV/E might contain cell to cell communication factors related to both cell death signaling a well as neurodegeneration pathways.
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28
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Streijger F, Skinnider MA, Rogalski JC, Balshaw R, Shannon CP, Prudova A, Belanger L, Ritchie L, Tsang A, Christie S, Parent S, Mac-Thiong JM, Bailey C, Urquhart J, Ailon T, Paquette S, Boyd M, Street J, Fisher CG, Dvorak MF, Borchers CH, Foster LJ, Kwon BK. A Targeted Proteomics Analysis of Cerebrospinal Fluid after Acute Human Spinal Cord Injury. J Neurotrauma 2017; 34:2054-2068. [DOI: 10.1089/neu.2016.4879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Femke Streijger
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael A. Skinnider
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Genome Sciences & Technologies Graduate Program, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Jason C. Rogalski
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Robert Balshaw
- BC Center for Disease Control, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- PROOF Centre of Excellence, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Anna Prudova
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Lise Belanger
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Leanna Ritchie
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Angela Tsang
- Vancouver Spine Program, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Sean Christie
- Division of Neurosurgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax Infirmary Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - Stefan Parent
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Chu Sainte-Justine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Jean-Marc Mac-Thiong
- Department of Surgery, Hôpital du Sacré-Coeur de Montréal, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
- Chu Sainte-Justine, Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Christopher Bailey
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Urquhart
- Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, London Health Sciences Centre, University of Western Ontario, London, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tamir Ailon
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Scott Paquette
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Michael Boyd
- Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Division of Neurosurgery, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - John Street
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Charles G. Fisher
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Marcel F. Dvorak
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | | | - Leonard J. Foster
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology and Michael Smith Laboratories, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Brian K. Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), Blusson Spinal Cord Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
- Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
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29
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Sarkis GA, Mangaonkar MD, Moghieb A, Lelling B, Guertin M, Yadikar H, Yang Z, Kobeissy F, Wang KKW. The Application of Proteomics to Traumatic Brain and Spinal Cord Injuries. Curr Neurol Neurosci Rep 2017; 17:23. [DOI: 10.1007/s11910-017-0736-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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30
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Elizei SS, Kwon BK. The translational importance of establishing biomarkers of human spinal cord injury. Neural Regen Res 2017; 12:385-388. [PMID: 28469645 PMCID: PMC5399708 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.202933] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The evaluation of such novel therapies for acute spinal cord injury in clinical trials is extremely challenging. Our current dependence upon the clinical assessment of neurologic impairment renders many acute SCI patients ineligible for trials because they are not examinable. Furthermore, the difficulty in predicting neurologic recovery based on the early clinical assessment forces investigators to recruit large cohorts to have sufficient power. Biomarkers that objectively classify injury severity and better predict neurologic outcome would be valuable tools for translational research. As such, the objective of the present review was to describe some of the translational challenges in acute spinal cord injury research and examine the potential utility of neurochemical biomarkers found within cerebrospinal fluid and blood. We focus on published efforts to establish biological markers for accurately classifying injury severity and precisely predict neurological outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sanam Salimi Elizei
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
| | - Brian K Kwon
- International Collaboration on Repair Discoveries (ICORD), University of British Columbia, BC, Canada.,Vancouver Spine Surgery Institute, Department of Orthopaedics, University of British Columbia, BC, Canada
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31
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The developing landscape of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for spinal cord injury in cerebrospinal fluid and blood. Spinal Cord 2016; 55:114-125. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2016.174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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32
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Kobeissy FH, Guingab-Cagmat JD, Zhang Z, Moghieb A, Glushakova OY, Mondello S, Boutté AM, Anagli J, Rubenstein R, Bahmad H, Wagner AK, Hayes RL, Wang KKW. Neuroproteomics and Systems Biology Approach to Identify Temporal Biomarker Changes Post Experimental Traumatic Brain Injury in Rats. Front Neurol 2016; 7:198. [PMID: 27920753 PMCID: PMC5118702 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2016.00198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a critical health problem of which diagnosis, management, and treatment remain challenging. TBI is a contributing factor in approximately one-third of all injury-related deaths in the United States. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimate that 1.7 million people suffer a TBI in the United States annually. Efforts continue to focus on elucidating the complex molecular mechanisms underlying TBI pathophysiology and defining sensitive and specific biomarkers that can aid in improving patient management and care. Recently, the area of neuroproteomics–systems biology is proving to be a prominent tool in biomarker discovery for central nervous system injury and other neurological diseases. In this work, we employed the controlled cortical impact (CCI) model of experimental TBI in rat model to assess the temporal–global proteome changes after acute (1 day) and for the first time, subacute (7 days), post-injury time frame using the established cation–anion exchange chromatography-1D SDS gel electrophoresis LC–MS/MS platform for protein separation combined with discrete systems biology analyses to identify temporal biomarker changes related to this rat TBI model. Rather than focusing on any one individual molecular entity, we used in silico systems biology approach to understand the global dynamics that govern proteins that are differentially altered post-injury. In addition, gene ontology analysis of the proteomic data was conducted in order to categorize the proteins by molecular function, biological process, and cellular localization. Results show alterations in several proteins related to inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in both acute (1 day) and subacute (7 days) periods post-TBI. Moreover, results suggest a differential upregulation of neuroprotective proteins at 7 days post-CCI involved in cellular functions such as neurite growth, regeneration, and axonal guidance. Our study is among the first to assess temporal neuroproteome changes in the CCI model. Data presented here unveil potential neural biomarkers and therapeutic targets that could be used for diagnosis, for treatment and, most importantly, for temporal prognostic assessment following brain injury. Of interest, this work relies on in silico bioinformatics approach to draw its conclusion; further work is conducted for functional studies to validate and confirm the omics data obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Firas H Kobeissy
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | | | - Zhiqun Zhang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Ahmed Moghieb
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Olena Y Glushakova
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine , Richmond, VA , USA
| | - Stefania Mondello
- Department of Neurosciences, University of Messina , Messina , Italy
| | - Angela M Boutté
- Brain Trauma Neuroprotection and Neurorestoration Branch, Center for Military Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Walter Reed Army Institute of Research , Silver Spring, MD , USA
| | - John Anagli
- NeuroTheranostics Inc., Detroit, MI, USA; Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Richard Rubenstein
- Department of Neurology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Hisham Bahmad
- Faculty of Medicine, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon; Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Amy K Wagner
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Safar Center for Resuscitation Research, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ronald L Hayes
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kevin K W Wang
- Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Psychiatry, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA; Program for Neurotrauma, Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, Department of Neuroscience, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
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