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Olaleye O, Graf C, Spanov B, Govorukhina N, Groves MR, van de Merbel NC, Bischoff R. Determination of Binding Sites on Trastuzumab and Pertuzumab to Selective Affimers Using Hydrogen-Deuterium Exchange Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN SOCIETY FOR MASS SPECTROMETRY 2023; 34:775-783. [PMID: 36960982 PMCID: PMC10080681 DOI: 10.1021/jasms.3c00069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen-deuterium exchange mass spectrometry (HDX-MS) is a method to probe the solvent accessibility and conformational dynamics of a protein or a protein-ligand complex with respect to exchangeable amide hydrogens. Here, we present the application of HDX-MS to determine the binding sites of Affimer reagents to the monoclonal antibodies trastuzumab and pertuzumab, respectively. Intact and subunit level HDX-MS analysis of antibody-affimer complexes showed significant protection from HDX in the antibody Fab region upon affimer binding. Bottom-up HDX-MS experiments including online pepsin digestion revealed that the binding sites of the affimer reagents were mainly located in the complementarity-determining region (CDR) 2 of the heavy chain of the respective antibodies. Three-dimensional models of the binding interaction between the affimer reagents and the antibodies were built by homology modeling and molecular docking based on the HDX data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oladapo Olaleye
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University
of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Christian Graf
- Novartis
Technical Research & Development Biologics, Hexal AG, Keltenring
1 + 3, 82041 Oberhaching, Germany
| | - Baubek Spanov
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University
of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Natalia Govorukhina
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University
of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Matthew R. Groves
- Drug
Design, Department of Pharmacy, University
of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Nico C. van de Merbel
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University
of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
- ICON
Bioanalytical Laboratories, Amerikaweg 18, 9407 TK Assen, The Netherlands
| | - Rainer Bischoff
- Analytical
Biochemistry, Department of Pharmacy, University
of Groningen, A. Deusinglaan 1, 9713 AV Groningen, The Netherlands
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2
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Nam E, Han J, Choi S, Lim MH. Distinct impact of glycation towards the aggregation and toxicity of murine and human amyloid-β. Chem Commun (Camb) 2021; 57:7637-7640. [PMID: 34254069 DOI: 10.1039/d1cc02695j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Glycation of human Aβ (hAβ) is implicated to induce the deposition of amyloid aggregates found in the Alzheimer's disease (AD)-affected brain. Murine Aβ (mAβ) differs from hAβ in three different amino acid residues (Gly5, Phe10, and Arg13) and is less likely to form amyloid aggregates. Herein, we report that the advanced glycated end products of mAβ40 over hAβ40 are distinctly generated. The different glycation between the two peptides can govern their aggregation kinetics, structural transition, and cytotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunju Nam
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jiyeon Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sunhee Choi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Middlebury College, Middlebury, VT 05753, USA
| | - Mi Hee Lim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Basabe-Burgos O, Ahlström JZ, Mikolka P, Landreh M, Johansson J, Curstedt T, Rising A. Efficient delipidation of a recombinant lung surfactant lipopeptide analogue by liquid-gel chromatography. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0226072. [PMID: 31800629 PMCID: PMC6892477 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0226072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary surfactant preparations extracted from natural sources have been used to treat millions of newborn babies with respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) and can possibly also be used to treat other lung diseases. Due to costly production and limited supply of animal-derived surfactants, synthetic alternatives are attractive. The water insolubility and aggregation-prone nature of the proteins present in animal-derived surfactant preparations have complicated development of artificial surfactant. A non-aggregating analog of lung surfactant protein C, SP-C33Leu is used in synthetic surfactant and we recently described an efficient method to produce rSP-C33Leu in bacteria. Here rSP-C33Leu obtained by salt precipitation of bacterial extracts was purified by two-step liquid gel chromatography and analyzed using mass spectrometry and RP-HPLC, showing that it is void of modifications and adducts. Premature New Zealand White rabbit fetuses instilled with 200mg/kg of 2% of rSP-C33Leu in phospholipids and ventilated with a positive end expiratory pressure showed increased tidal volumes and lung gas volumes compared to animals treated with phospholipids only. This shows that rSP-C33Leu can be purified from bacterial lipids and that rSP-C33Leu surfactant is active against experimental RDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oihana Basabe-Burgos
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Jakub Zebialowicz Ahlström
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Pavol Mikolka
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - Michael Landreh
- Science for Life Laboratory, Department of Microbiology, Tumour and Cell Biology, Karolinska Institutet, Tomtebodavägen, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jan Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Tore Curstedt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Rising
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
- * E-mail:
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4
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Zebialowicz Ahlström J, Massaro F, Mikolka P, Feinstein R, Perchiazzi G, Basabe-Burgos O, Curstedt T, Larsson A, Johansson J, Rising A. Synthetic surfactant with a recombinant surfactant protein C analogue improves lung function and attenuates inflammation in a model of acute respiratory distress syndrome in adult rabbits. Respir Res 2019; 20:245. [PMID: 31694668 PMCID: PMC6836435 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-1220-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM In acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) damaged alveolar epithelium, leakage of plasma proteins into the alveolar space and inactivation of pulmonary surfactant lead to respiratory dysfunction. Lung function could potentially be restored with exogenous surfactant therapy, but clinical trials have so far been disappointing. These negative results may be explained by inactivation and/or too low doses of the administered surfactant. Surfactant based on a recombinant surfactant protein C analogue (rSP-C33Leu) is easy to produce and in this study we compared its effects on lung function and inflammation with a commercial surfactant preparation in an adult rabbit model of ARDS. METHODS ARDS was induced in adult New Zealand rabbits by mild lung-lavages followed by injurious ventilation (VT 20 m/kg body weight) until P/F ratio < 26.7 kPa. The animals were treated with two intratracheal boluses of 2.5 mL/kg of 2% rSP-C33Leu in DPPC/egg PC/POPG, 50:40:10 or poractant alfa (Curosurf®), both surfactants containing 80 mg phospholipids/mL, or air as control. The animals were subsequently ventilated (VT 8-9 m/kg body weight) for an additional 3 h and lung function parameters were recorded. Histological appearance of the lungs, degree of lung oedema and levels of the cytokines TNFα IL-6 and IL-8 in lung homogenates were evaluated. RESULTS Both surfactant preparations improved lung function vs. the control group and also reduced inflammation scores, production of pro-inflammatory cytokines, and formation of lung oedema to similar degrees. Poractant alfa improved compliance at 1 h, P/F ratio and PaO2 at 1.5 h compared to rSP-C33Leu surfactant. CONCLUSION This study indicates that treatment of experimental ARDS with synthetic lung surfactant based on rSP-C33Leu improves lung function and attenuates inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zebialowicz Ahlström
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - F Massaro
- Anesthesia and Intesive Care, Villa Anthea Hospital, Bari, Italy
| | - P Mikolka
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.,Biomedical Center Martin and Department of Physiology, Jessenius Faculty of Medicine in Martin, Comenius University in Bratislava, Martin, Slovakia
| | - R Feinstein
- Department of Pathology, The Swedish National Veterinary Institute, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - G Perchiazzi
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - O Basabe-Burgos
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T Curstedt
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Larsson
- Hedenstierna Laboratory, Department of Surgical Sciences, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - J Johansson
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - A Rising
- Division for Neurogeriatrics, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden. .,Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden.
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5
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Johansson J, Curstedt T. Synthetic surfactants with SP-B and SP-C analogues to enable worldwide treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome and other lung diseases. J Intern Med 2019; 285:165-186. [PMID: 30357986 DOI: 10.1111/joim.12845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) using animal-derived lung surfactant preparations has reduced the mortality of handling premature infants with RDS to a 50th of that in the 1960s. The supply of animal-derived lung surfactants is limited and only a part of the preterm babies is treated. Thus, there is a need to develop well-defined synthetic replicas based on key components of natural surfactant. A synthetic product that equals natural-derived surfactants would enable cost-efficient production and could also facilitate the development of the treatments of other lung diseases than neonatal RDS. Recently the first synthetic surfactant that contains analogues of the two hydrophobic surfactant proteins B (SP-B) and SP-C entered clinical trials for the treatment of neonatal RDS. The development of functional synthetic analogues of SP-B and SP-C, however, is considerably more challenging than anticipated 30 years ago when the first structural information of the native proteins became available. For SP-B, a complex three-dimensional dimeric structure stabilized by several disulphides has necessitated the design of miniaturized analogues. The main challenge for SP-C has been the pronounced amyloid aggregation propensity of its transmembrane region. The development of a functional non-aggregating SP-C analogue that can be produced synthetically was achieved by designing the amyloidogenic native sequence so that it spontaneously forms a stable transmembrane α-helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Johansson
- Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Section for Neurogeriatrics, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - T Curstedt
- Laboratory for Surfactant Research, Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, Karolinska Institutet at Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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6
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Carvalheda CA, Campos SRR, Machuqueiro M, Baptista AM. Structural Effects of pH and Deacylation on Surfactant Protein C in an Organic Solvent Mixture: A Constant-pH MD Study. J Chem Inf Model 2013; 53:2979-89. [DOI: 10.1021/ci400479c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Catarina A. Carvalheda
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Sara R. R. Campos
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
| | - Miguel Machuqueiro
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, C8, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António M. Baptista
- Instituto de Tecnologia Química
e Biológica, Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Av. da República, EAN, 2780-157 Oeiras, Portugal
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7
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Lee YH, Goto Y. Kinetic intermediates of amyloid fibrillation studied by hydrogen exchange methods with nuclear magnetic resonance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2012; 1824:1307-23. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2012.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2012] [Revised: 07/24/2012] [Accepted: 07/26/2012] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
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8
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Mädler S, Boeri Erba E, Zenobi R. MALDI-ToF mass spectrometry for studying noncovalent complexes of biomolecules. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2012; 331:1-36. [PMID: 22371170 DOI: 10.1007/128_2011_311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS) has been demonstrated to be a valuable tool to investigate noncovalent interactions of biomolecules. The direct detection of noncovalent assemblies is often more troublesome than with electrospray ionization. Using dedicated sample preparation techniques and carefully optimized instrumental parameters, a number of biomolecule assemblies were successfully analyzed. For complexes dissociating under MALDI conditions, covalent stabilization with chemical cross-linking is a suitable alternative. Indirect methods allow the detection of noncovalent assemblies by monitoring the fading of binding partners or altered H/D exchange patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie Mädler
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Biosciences, ETH Zurich, 8093, Zurich, Switzerland
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9
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The
L
‐Leu Hexamer, a Short and Highly Enantioselective Peptide Catalyst for the Juliá–Colonna Epoxidation: Stabilization of a Helical Conformation in DMSO. ChemCatChem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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10
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Wagoner VA, Cheon M, Chang I, Hall CK. Computer simulation study of amyloid fibril formation by palindromic sequences in prion peptides. Proteins 2011; 79:2132-45. [PMID: 21557317 DOI: 10.1002/prot.23034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2010] [Revised: 01/26/2011] [Accepted: 02/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We simulate the aggregation of large systems containing palindromic peptides from the Syrian hamster prion protein SHaPrP 113-120 (AGAAAAGA) and the mouse prion protein MoPrP 111-120 (VAGAAAAGAV) and eight sequence variations: GAAAAAAG, (AG)(4) , A8, GAAAGAAA, A10, V10, GAVAAAAVAG, and VAVAAAAVAV The first two peptides are thought to act as the Velcro that holds the parent prion proteins together in amyloid structures and can form fibrils themselves. Kinetic events along the fibrillization pathway influence the types of structures that occur and variations in the sequence affect aggregation kinetics and fibrillar structure. Discontinuous molecular dynamics simulations using the PRIME20 force field are performed on systems containing 48 peptides starting from a random coil configuration. Depending on the sequence, fibrillar structures form spontaneously over a range of temperatures, below which amorphous aggregates form and above which no aggregation occurs. AGAAAAGA forms well organized fibrillar structures whereas VAGAAAAGAV forms less well organized structures that are partially fibrillar and partially amorphous. The degree of order in the fibrillar structure stems in part from the types of kinetic events leading up to its formation, with AGAAAAGA forming less amorphous structures early in the simulation than VAGAAAAGAV. The ability to form fibrils increases as the chain length and the length of the stretch of hydrophobic residues increase. However as the hydrophobicity of the sequence increases, the ability to form well-ordered structures decreases. Thus, longer hydrophobic sequences form slightly disordered aggregates that are partially fibrillar and partially amorphous. Subtle changes in sequence result in slightly different fibril structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria A Wagoner
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
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11
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Cholesterol modulates the exposure and orientation of pulmonary surfactant protein SP-C in model surfactant membranes. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2009; 1788:1907-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2009.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2009] [Revised: 04/24/2009] [Accepted: 05/07/2009] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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12
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Nerelius C, Gustafsson M, Nordling K, Larsson A, Johansson J. Anti-amyloid activity of the C-terminal domain of proSP-C against amyloid beta-peptide and medin. Biochemistry 2009; 48:3778-86. [PMID: 19281242 DOI: 10.1021/bi900135c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Amyloid fibrils are found in approximately 25 different diseases, including Alzheimer's disease. Lung surfactant protein C (SP-C) forms fibrils in association with pulmonary disease. It was recently found that the C-terminal domain of proSP-C (CTC), which is localized to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) lumen, protects the transmembrane (TM) part of (pro)SP-C from aggregation into amyloid until it has a folded into an alpha-helix. CTC appears to have a more general anti-amyloid effect by also acting on TM regions of other proteins. Here we investigate interactions of CTC with the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) associated with Alzheimer's disease and medin, a peptide that forms fibrils in the most common form of human amyloid. CTC prevents fibril formation in Abeta and medin and forms a complex with Abeta oligomers, as judged by size-exclusion chromatography and electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. These data suggest that CTC functions as a chaperone that acts preferentially against unfolded TM segments and structural motifs found during amyloid fibril formation, a mechanism that may be exploited in forming a basis for future anti-amyloid therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Nerelius
- Department of Anatomy, Physiology and Biochemistry, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Biomedical Centre, 751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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13
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Poschner BC, Quint S, Hofmann MW, Langosch D. Sequence-specific conformational dynamics of model transmembrane domains determines their membrane fusogenic function. J Mol Biol 2009; 386:733-41. [PMID: 19154744 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2008.12.077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2008] [Accepted: 12/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane domains of fusion proteins are known to be functionally important and display an overabundance of helix-destabilizing Ile and Val residues. In an effort to systematically study the relationship of fusogenicity and helix stability, we previously designed LV peptides, a low-complexity model system whose hydrophobic core consists of Leu and Val residues at different ratios. The ability of LV peptides to fuse membranes increases with the content of helix-destabilizing residues. Here, we monitored the kinetics of amide deuterium/hydrogen exchange of LV-peptide helices to probe their conformational dynamics. The kinetics indeed increases strongly with the content of helix-destabilizing residues and is likely to reflect local fluctuations of the helix backbones as all peptides exhibit uncorrelated exchange and contain subpopulations of amide deuterium atoms that exchange with different velocities. Interestingly, helices whose amide deuterium atoms are shifted from slower to faster subpopulations are more fusogenic. Novel peptide variants in which Val residues are concentrated at peripheral or central domains of the hydrophobic core were designed to map functionally relevant helix subdomains. Their structural and functional analysis suggests that dynamic domains close to the helix termini are more relevant for fusogenicity than central domains but cooperate with the latter to achieve strong fusogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard C Poschner
- Lehrstuhl für Chemie der Biopolymere, Technische Universität München, Weihenstephaner Berg 3, 85354 Freising, Germany
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14
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Mutations linked to interstitial lung disease can abrogate anti-amyloid function of prosurfactant protein C. Biochem J 2008; 416:201-9. [PMID: 18643778 DOI: 10.1042/bj20080981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The newly synthesized proSP-C (surfactant protein C precursor) is an integral ER (endoplasmic reticulum) membrane protein with a single metastable polyvaline alpha-helical transmembrane domain that comprises two-thirds of the mature peptide. More than 20 mutations in the ER-lumenal CTC (C-terminal domain of proSP-C), are associated with ILD (interstitial lung disease), and some of the mutations cause intracellular accumulation of cytotoxic protein aggregates and a corresponding decrease in mature SP-C. In the present study, we showed that: (i) human embryonic kidney cells expressing the ILD-associated mutants proSP-C(L188Q) and proSP-C(DeltaExon4) accumulate Congo Red-positive amyloid-like inclusions, whereas cells transfected with the mutant proSP-C(I73T) do not; (ii) transfection of CTC into cells expressing proSP-C(L188Q) results in a stable CTC-proSP-C(L188Q) complex, increased proSP-C(L188Q) half-life and reduced formation of Congo Red-positive deposits; (iii) replacement of the metastable polyvaline transmembrane segment with a stable polyleucine transmembrane segment likewise prevents formation of amyloid-like proSP-C(L188Q) aggregates; and (iv) binding of recombinant CTC to non-helical SP-C blocks SP-C amyloid fibril formation. These results suggest that CTC can prevent the polyvaline segment of proSP-C from promoting formation of amyloid-like deposits during biosynthesis, by binding to non-helical conformations. Mutations in the Brichos domain of proSP-C may lead to ILD via loss of CTC chaperone function.
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15
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Casals C, Johansson H, Saenz A, Gustafsson M, Alfonso C, Nordling K, Johansson J. C-terminal, endoplasmic reticulum-lumenal domain of prosurfactant protein C - structural features and membrane interactions. FEBS J 2008; 275:536-47. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2007.06220.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Harrison RS, Sharpe PC, Singh Y, Fairlie DP. Amyloid peptides and proteins in review. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2007; 159:1-77. [PMID: 17846922 DOI: 10.1007/112_2007_0701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Amyloids are filamentous protein deposits ranging in size from nanometres to microns and composed of aggregated peptide beta-sheets formed from parallel or anti-parallel alignments of peptide beta-strands. Amyloid-forming proteins have attracted a great deal of recent attention because of their association with over 30 diseases, notably neurodegenerative conditions like Alzheimer's, Huntington's, Parkinson's, Creutzfeldt-Jacob and prion disorders, but also systemic diseases such as amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (Lou Gehrig's disease) and type II diabetes. These diseases are all thought to involve important conformational changes in proteins, sometimes termed misfolding, that usually produce beta-sheet structures with a strong tendency to aggregate into water-insoluble fibrous polymers. Reasons for such conformational changes in vivo are still unclear. Intermediate aggregated state(s), rather than precipitated insoluble polymeric aggregates, have recently been implicated in cellular toxicity and may be the source of aberrant pathology in amyloid diseases. Numerous in vitro studies of short and medium length peptides that form amyloids have provided some clues to amyloid formation, with an alpha-helix to beta-sheet folding transition sometimes implicated as an intermediary step leading to amyloid formation. More recently, quite a few non-pathological amyloidogenic proteins have also been identified and physiological properties have been ascribed, challenging previous implications that amyloids were always disease causing. This article summarises a great deal of current knowledge on the occurrence, structure, folding pathways, chemistry and biology associated with amyloidogenic peptides and proteins and highlights some key factors that have been found to influence amyloidogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Harrison
- Centre for Drug Design and Development, Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, QLD 4072, Brisbane, Australia
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17
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Kheterpal I, Cook KD, Wetzel R. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange mass spectrometry analysis of protein aggregates. Methods Enzymol 2006; 413:140-66. [PMID: 17046395 DOI: 10.1016/s0076-6879(06)13008-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
The elucidation of the structure of amyloid fibrils and related aggregates is an important step toward understanding the pathogenesis of diseases like Alzheimer's disease, which feature protein misfolding and/or aggregation. However, the large size, heterogeneous morphology, and poor solubility of amyloid-like fibrils make them resistant to high-resolution structure determination. Using amyloid fibrils and protofibrils of the Alzheimer's plaque peptide amyloid beta as examples, we describe here the use of hydrogen/deuterium exchange methods in conjunction with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry to determine regions of the peptide involved in beta-sheet network when it is incorporated into protein aggregates. The advantages of this method are low sample utilization and high speed. The basic methodology exploits the fact that protons either involved in H-bonded secondary structures or buried in a protein's core structure exchange more slowly with deuterium than do solvent-exposed and non-H-bonded protons. Details of all aspects of this methodology, including sample preparation, data acquisition, and data analysis, are described. These data provide insights into the structures of monomers, protofibrils, and fibrils and to the structural relations among these states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Kheterpal
- Pennington Biomedical Research Center, Louisiana State University System, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, USA
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Li J, Liepinsh E, Almlén A, Thyberg J, Curstedt T, Jörnvall H, Johansson J. Structure and influence on stability and activity of the N-terminal propeptide part of lung surfactant protein C. FEBS J 2006; 273:926-35. [PMID: 16478467 DOI: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05124.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Mature lung surfactant protein C (SP-C) corresponds to residues 24-58 of the 21 kDa proSP-C. A late processing intermediate, SP-Ci, corresponding to residues 12-58 of proSP-C, lacks the surface activity of SP-C, and the SP-Ci alpha-helical structure does not unfold in contrast to the metastable nature of the SP-C helix. The NMR structure of an analogue of SP-Ci, SP-Ci(1-31), with two palmitoylCys replaced by Phe and four Val replaced by Leu, in dodecylphosphocholine micelles and in ethanol shows that its alpha-helix vs. that of SP-C is extended N-terminally. The Arg-Phe part in SP-Ci that is cleaved to generate SP-C is localized in a turn structure, which is followed by a short segment in extended conformation. Circular dichroism spectroscopy of SP-Ci(1-31) in microsomal or surfactant lipids shows a mixture of helical and extended conformation at pH 6, and a shift to more unordered structure at pH 5. Replacement of the N-terminal hexapeptide segment SPPDYS (known to constitute a signal in intracellular targeting) of SP-Ci with AAAAAA results in a peptide that is mainly unstructured, independent of pH, in microsomal and surfactant lipids. Addition of a synthetic dodecapeptide, corresponding to the propeptide part of SP-Ci, to mature SP-C results in slower aggregation kinetics and altered amyloid fibril formation, and reduces the surface activity of phospholipid-bound SP-C. These data suggest that the propeptide part of SP-Ci prevents unfolding by locking the N-terminal part of the helix, and that acidic pH results in structural disordering of the region that is proteolytically cleaved to generate SP-C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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19
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Wales TE, Engen JR. Hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry for the analysis of protein dynamics. MASS SPECTROMETRY REVIEWS 2006; 25:158-70. [PMID: 16208684 DOI: 10.1002/mas.20064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 656] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogen exchange coupled to mass spectrometry (MS) has become a valuable analytical tool for the study of protein dynamics. By combining information about protein dynamics with more classical functional data, a more thorough understanding of protein function can be obtained. In many cases, protein dynamics are directly related to specific protein functions such as conformational changes during enzyme activation or protein movements during binding. The method is made possible because labile backbone hydrogens in a protein will exchange with deuterium atoms when the protein is placed in a D2O solution. The subsequent increase in protein mass over time is measured with high-resolution MS. The location of the deuterium incorporation is determined by monitoring deuterium incorporation in peptic fragments that are produced after the labeling reaction. In this review, we will summarize the general principles of the method, discuss the latest variations on the experimental protocol that probe different types of protein movements, and review other recent work and improvements in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Wales
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, USA
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20
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Hosia W, Griffiths WJ, Johansson J. Hydrolysis of the amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) 1-40 between Asp23-Val24 produces non-aggregating fragments. An electrospray mass spectrometric study. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2005; 40:142-145. [PMID: 15706615 DOI: 10.1002/jms.732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The aggregation of full-length (residues 1-40) amyloid beta-peptide (A beta) and fragments corresponding to residues 1-23 and 24-40 was studied by electrospray mass spectrometry, using gramicidin as a non-aggregating reference. Following a lag period, A beta(1-40) at 140 microM concentration aggregates with apparent first-order kinetics. Under acidic conditions A beta(1-40) undergoes spontaneous cleavage between Asp23-Val24 and to a lesser extent also at two other Asp-X motifs. Incubation in acidic H(2)18O showed incorporation of 18O in fragment A beta(1-23), confirming that the Asp23-Val24 peptide bond had been hydrolyzed. Incubation of synthetic A beta(1-23) and A beta(24-40) peptides with A beta(1-40) showed that A beta(24-40) remained in solution for several months, that A beta(1-23) partly disappeared from solution, whereas A beta(1-40) completely disappeared. Further, treatment of sedimentable aggregates formed after co-incubation of the three peptides with hexafluoro-2-propanol or formic acid recovered the intensity of A beta(1-40). These data support previous studies showing that the region of A beta encompassing residues 16-24 is necessary for aggregation into amyloid fibrils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waltteri Hosia
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Jagannadham MV, Nagaraj R. Conformation of gramicidin a in water: Inference from analysis of hydrogen/deuterium exchange behavior by matrix assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry. Biopolymers 2005; 80:708-13. [PMID: 15887265 DOI: 10.1002/bip.20293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Gramicidin A (the major component of gramicidin D) is a highly hydrophobic peptide with very little solubility in water. Hence, the conformation of this peptide has been extensively investigated in organic solvents and model membranes, but not in water. The peptide adopts a beta6.3-helical conformation in the monomeric and dimeric forms. We have investigated the conformation of gramicidin A in water by monitoring hydrogen-deuterium exchange by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Our results indicate that gramicidin A is monomeric and exists in a highly folded conformation. The metal ion bound forms are clearly discernible in the monomers. The presence of the dimeric form is not observed. It is unlikely this is due to the operating conditions or the method used, as both hetero- and homodimers in gramicidin D are detected when methanol is used as a solvent. The present study also establishes that the linear gramicidins retain a history of solvent environment when ions are generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization and analyzed by time-of-flight.
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Affiliation(s)
- M V Jagannadham
- Centre for Cellular and Molecular Biology,Uppal Road,Hyderabad 500 007, India.
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22
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Päiviö A, Nordling E, Kallberg Y, Thyberg J, Johansson J. Stabilization of discordant helices in amyloid fibril-forming proteins. Protein Sci 2004; 13:1251-9. [PMID: 15096631 PMCID: PMC2286751 DOI: 10.1110/ps.03442404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Several proteins and peptides that can convert from alpha-helical to beta-sheet conformation and form amyloid fibrils, including the amyloid beta-peptide (Abeta) and the prion protein, contain a discordant alpha-helix that is composed of residues that strongly favor beta-strand formation. In their native states, 37 of 38 discordant helices are now found to interact with other protein segments or with lipid membranes, but Abeta apparently lacks such interactions. The helical propensity of the Abeta discordant region (K16LVFFAED23) is increased by introducing V18A/F19A/F20A replacements, and this is associated with reduced fibril formation. Addition of the tripeptide KAD or phospho-L-serine likewise increases the alpha-helical content of Abeta(12-28) and reduces aggregation and fibril formation of Abeta(1-40), Abeta(12-28), Abeta(12-24), and Abeta(14-23). In contrast, tripeptides with all-neutral, all-acidic or all-basic side chains, as well as phosphoethanolamine, phosphocholine, and phosphoglycerol have no significant effects on Abeta secondary structure or fibril formation. These data suggest that in free Abeta, the discordant alpha-helix lacks stabilizing interactions (likely as a consequence of proteolytic removal from a membrane-associated precursor protein) and that stabilization of this helix can reduce fibril formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Päiviö
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, The Biomedical Centre, S-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Li J, Hosia W, Hamvas A, Thyberg J, Jörnvall H, Weaver TE, Johansson J. The N-terminal Propeptide of Lung Surfactant Protein C is Necessary for Biosynthesis and Prevents Unfolding of a Metastable α-Helix. J Mol Biol 2004; 338:857-62. [PMID: 15111052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2004.03.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2003] [Revised: 03/07/2004] [Accepted: 03/12/2004] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The lung surfactant-associated protein C (SP-C) consists mainly of a polyvaline alpha-helix, which is stable in a lipid membrane. However, in agreement with the predicted beta-strand conformation of a polyvaline segment, helical SP-C unfolds and transforms into beta-sheet aggregates and amyloid fibrils within a few days in aqueous organic solvents. SP-C fibril formation and aggregation have been associated with lung disease. Here, we show that in a recently isolated biosynthetic precursor of SP-C (SP-Ci), a 12 residue N-terminal propeptide locks the metastable polyvaline part in a helical conformation. The SP-Ci helix does not aggregate or unfold during several weeks of incubation, as judged by hydrogen/deuterium exchange and mass spectrometry. Hydrogen/deuterium exchange experiments further indicate that the propeptide reduces exchange in parts corresponding to mature SP-C. Finally, in an acidic environment, SP-Ci unfolds and aggregates into amyloid fibrils like SP-C. These data suggest a direct role of the N-terminal propeptide in SP-C biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
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24
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Johansson J, Some M, Linderholm BM, Almlén A, Curstedt T, Robertson B. A synthetic surfactant based on a poly-Leu SP-C analog and phospholipids: effects on tidal volumes and lung gas volumes in ventilated immature newborn rabbits. J Appl Physiol (1985) 2003; 95:2055-63. [PMID: 12897027 DOI: 10.1152/japplphysiol.00153.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Available surfactants for treatment of respiratory distress syndrome in newborn infants are derived from animal lungs, which limits supply and poses a danger of propagating infectious material. Poly-Val-->poly-Leu analogs of surfactant protein (SP)-C can be synthesized in large quantities and exhibit surface activity similar to SP-C. Here, activity of synthetic surfactants containing a poly-Leu SP-C analog (SP-C33) was evaluated in ventilated premature newborn rabbits. Treatment with 2.5 ml/kg body wt of 2% (wt/wt) SP-C33 in 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-3-glycero phosphoryl choline (DPPC)-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-glycero phosphoryl choline (POPC)-1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-3-glycero phosphoryl glycerol (POPG), 68:0:31, 68:11:20, or 68:16:15 (wt/wt/wt) suspended at 80 mg/ml gave tidal volumes (Vt) of 20-25 ml/kg body wt, with an insufflation pressure of 25 cmH2O and no positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP), comparable to the Vt for animals treated with the porcine surfactant Curosurf. Nontreated littermates had a Vt of approximately 2 ml/kg body wt. The Vt for SP-C33 in DPPC-egg phosphatidylglycerol-palmitic acid [68:22:9 (wt/wt/wt)], DPPC-POPG-palmitic acid [68:22:9 (wt/wt/wt)], and DPPC-POPC-POPG [6:2:2 (wt/wt/wt)] was 15-20 ml/kg body wt. Histological examination of lungs from animals treated with SP-C33-based surfactants showed incomplete, usually patchy air expansion of alveolar spaces associated with only mild airway epithelial damage. Lung gas volume after 30 min of mechanical ventilation were more than threefold larger in animals treated with Curosurf than in those receiving SP-C33 in DPPC-POPC-POPG, 68:11:20. This difference could be largely counterbalanced by ventilation with PEEP (3-4 cmH2O). An artificial surfactant based on SP-C33 improves Vt in immature newborn animals ventilated with standardized peak pressure but requires PEEP to build up adequate lung gas volumes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Johansson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.
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