1
|
Hsiao YT, Lee JJ, Yang IH, Wu PC, Ke MC, Lo J. Ultraviolet A at levels experienced outdoors suppresses transforming growth factor-beta signaling and collagen production in human scleral fibroblasts. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:10-17. [PMID: 36516480 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have highlighted the importance of outdoor time in reducing the risk of myopia progression. Although ultraviolet A (UVA) radiation dominates in terms of energy with respect to the UV radiation reaching the Earth's surface, its effects on the exposed anterior sclera have not been well studied. This study was designed to investigate the UVA-induced biological effects at peak sunlight levels in human scleral fibroblasts (HSFs). Using next-generation sequencing (NGS), we analyzed the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in UVA-treated and normal HSFs. Further, we then identified the functions and key regulators of the DEGs using bioinformatics analysis, and verified the effects of UVA on gene and protein expression in HSFs using real-time PCR, western blotting, and immunofluorescence imaging. The highest level of solar UVA (365 nm) was 3.4 ± 0.18 (mW/cm2). The results from the functional analysis of the DEGs were related to structural changes in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and protein metabolism. Transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) and Smad3 were predicted to be potential upstream regulators, associated with ECM organization. Exposure to a single wavelength of UVA (365 nm, 3 mW/cm2) for 1 h for 5 consecutive days induced the downregulation of the mRNA of ECM genes including COL1A1, COL3A1, COL5A1, VCAN and collagen I protein in HSF. UVA downregulated Smad3 protein and reduced TGF-β-induced collagen I protein production following UVA exposure in HSF. In conclusion, high UVA exposure reduces TGF-β signaling and collagen I production by modulating Smad levels in HSF. The effects of overexposure to high-intensity UVA on myopia control require further investigations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ting Hsiao
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Jer Lee
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan; Center for Mitochondrial Research and Medicine, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.
| | - I-Hui Yang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Pei-Chang Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Mu-Chan Ke
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan
| | - Jung Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Chang Gung University College of Medicine, Kaohsiung City, 833, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zernii EY, Nazipova AA, Nemashkalova EL, Kazakov AS, Gancharova OS, Serebryakova MV, Tikhomirova NK, Baksheeva VE, Vladimirov VI, Zinchenko DV, Philippov PP, Senin II, Permyakov SE. Light-Induced Thiol Oxidation of Recoverin Affects Rhodopsin Desensitization. Front Mol Neurosci 2019; 11:474. [PMID: 30666186 PMCID: PMC6330308 DOI: 10.3389/fnmol.2018.00474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The excessive light illumination of mammalian retina is known to induce oxidative stress and photoreceptor cell death linked to progression of age-related macular degeneration. The photochemical damage of photoreceptors is suggested to occur via two apoptotic pathways that involve either excessive rhodopsin activation or constitutive phototransduction, depending on the light intensity. Both pathways are dramatically activated in the absence of rhodopsin desensitization by GRK1. Previously, we have shown that moderate illumination (halogen lamp, 1,500 lx, 1–5 h) of mammalian eyes provokes disulfide dimerization of recoverin, a calcium-dependent regulator of GRK1. Here, we demonstrate under in vivo conditions that both moderate long-term (metal halide lamp, 2,500 lx, 14 h, rat model) and intense short-term (halogen lamp, 30,000 lx for 3 h, rabbit model) illumination of the mammalian retina are accompanied by accumulation of disulfide dimer of recoverin. Furthermore, in the second case we reveal alternatively oxidized derivatives of the protein, apparently including its monomer with sulfinic group. Histological data indicate that thiol oxidation of recoverin precedes apoptosis of photoreceptors. Both disulfide dimer and oxidized monomer (or oxidation mimicking C39D mutant) of recoverin exhibit lowered α-helical content and thermal stability of their apo-forms, as well as increased Ca2+ affinity. Meanwhile, the oxidized monomer and C39D mutant of recoverin demonstrate impaired ability to bind photoreceptor membranes and regulate GRK1, whereas disulfide dimer exhibits notably improved membrane binding and GRK1 inhibition in absence of Ca2+. The latter effect is expected to slow down rhodopsin desensitization in the light, thereby favoring support of the light-induced oxidative stress, ultimately leading to photoreceptor apoptosis. Overall, the intensity and duration of illumination of the retina affect thiol oxidation of recoverin likely contributing to propagation of the oxidative stress and photoreceptor damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Evgeni Yu Zernii
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute of Molecular Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Aliya A Nazipova
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | | | - Alexey S Kazakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Olga S Gancharova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia.,Institute for Regenerative Medicine, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Marina V Serebryakova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Natalya K Tikhomirova
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Viktoriia E Baksheeva
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Vasiliy I Vladimirov
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Dmitry V Zinchenko
- Shemyakin and Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| | - Pavel P Philippov
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan I Senin
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergei E Permyakov
- Institute for Biological Instrumentation of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pushchino, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Ivanov IV, Mappes T, Schaupp P, Lappe C, Wahl S. Ultraviolet radiation oxidative stress affects eye health. JOURNAL OF BIOPHOTONICS 2018; 11:e201700377. [PMID: 29603665 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201700377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
In the eye, ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is not known to contribute to visual perception but to mainly damage multiple structures. UVR carries higher energy than visible light and high dose exposure to UVR causes direct cellular damage, which has an important role in the development of cancer. This review provides an overview on the most recent knowledge on the role of UVR in oxidative stress (OS) in relation to noncancer ocular pathologies: various corneal pathologies, cataract, glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Possible OS signaling streams and mechanisms in the aging eye are discussed. Excessive exposure to UVR through live may seriously contribute to increase in OS of various eye tissues and thus lead to the advancement of serious ocular pathologies. Children are especially vulnerable to UVR because of their larger pupils and more transparent ocular media: up to 80% of a person's lifetime exposure to UVR is reached before the age of 18. Therefore, efficient everyday protection of the sensitive tissues of the eye by wearing of sunglasses, clear UVR-blocking spectacles or contact lenses should be considered from early age on. Many initiatives are taken worldwide to inform and raise the population's awareness about these possible UVR hazards to the eye.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iliya V Ivanov
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Timo Mappes
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| | | | | | - Siegfried Wahl
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tuebingen, Tuebingen, Germany
- Carl Zeiss Vision International GmbH, Aalen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Thomson LR, Toyoda Y, Delori FC, Garnett KM, Wong ZY, Nichols CR, Cheng KM, Craft NE, Dorey CK. Long term dietary supplementation with zeaxanthin reduces photoreceptor death in light-damaged Japanese quail. Exp Eye Res 2002; 75:529-42. [PMID: 12457865 DOI: 10.1006/exer.2002.2050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of these studies was to evaluate the effects of light damage on Japanese quail whose retinal carotenoids had been experimentally manipulated through altered diets. The birds were raised 6 months on a commercial turkey diet (T), on a custom carotenoid-deficient diet (C-) containing 90% less carotenoid than the T diet, or on Z+ diet [the C- diet supplemented with natural zeaxanthin (35mgkg(-1) food)]. Equal numbers of males and females on each diet were exposed to nine intervals (1hr on, 2hr off) of 3200lux cool white light, then placed in the dark for 14hr before tissue collection. One retina was immediately frozen for HPLC analysis; the other eye was immediately fixed and processed for microscopy. There were no significant differences in the retinal carotenoid concentrations in hatch-mates that were and were not exposed to light. Supplementation resulted in three- to four-fold increases in retinal zeaxanthin and no change in retinal lutein or alpha-tocopherol, but the C- diet did not reduce the retinal carotenoid concentration in C- birds below that in T birds. The light-exposed retinas had significant numbers of apoptotic photoreceptors and photoreceptor ghosts. The number of ghosts was negatively correlated with the number of dying photoreceptors (P<0.05), and with retinal concentrations of zeaxanthin, alpha-tocopherol or gamma-tocopherol (P<0.04, 0.02, 0.04, respectively), but not with lutein. The number of dying photoreceptors was positively correlated with alpha-tocopherol and the sum alpha-tocopherol plus zeaxanthin (P<0.1; P0.04). Photoreceptor death was semi-quantitatively scored, assuming that ghosts were formed by removal of apoptotic photoreceptors with nuclear condensation. Stepwise regression produced a good model (r(2)=0.67;P <0.0001) for predicting death scores from retinal concentrations of zeaxanthin (Standard Coefficient=-0.76) and lutein (Standard Coefficients=+0.43). Absence of lutein in gender-specific analyses suggests lutein served as surrogate marker for gender. Combined analysis of the C- and T birds also demonstrated that dying photoreceptors were negatively correlated with retinal zeaxanthin. These data confirm our previous report that retinal carotenoids prevent photoreceptor cell death, and provide the first direct evidence that retinal zeaxanthin protects photoreceptors from light-induced death.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lauren R Thomson
- Schepens Eye Research Institute and Department of Ophthalmology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|