Severe allergic blepharoconjunctivitis induced by a dye for eyelashes and eyebrows

Ocular Side Effects of Eyelash Extension Use Among Female Students of the University of Benin, Benin City, Edo State, Nigeria

Introduction Eyelash extensions have become a trendy cosmetic procedure, especially among young female students at various universities. This study assessed the relationship between the usage pattern of eyelash extensions and the ocular side effects arising from eyelash extension use. Methods The study was conducted using 400 female undergraduate students at the University of Benin with an age range of 15-30 years and a mean age of 22.50 ± 3.79 years. This observational cross-sectional study was conducted by evaluating the usage pattern of eyelash extensions, ocular side effects, and the relationship between them. Data obtained from the participants were processed using the Pearson correlation analysis in the Statistical Product and Service Solutions (SPSS) (version 22.0; IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Armonk, NY) software. Results The results showed that only 16% (n=64) of the participants had any side effects before fixing eyelash extensions, while 54% (n=216) of the participants had experienced one or more side effects during/after artificial eyelash wear. The most common side effects experienced were itching (n=152, 38%), lashes pulling out (n=144, 36%), heavy eyelids (n=136, 34%), and red eyes (n=136, 34%). Other ocular side effects were grittiness/foreign body sensation (n=128, 32%), tearing (n=96, 24%), burning sensation (n=96, 24%), pain on the eyelids (n=88, 22%), misdirected lashes (n=40,10%), eyelids swelling (n=24, 6%), a boil on eyelids (n=16, 4%), and discharge (n=8, 2%). Moreover, the result showed statistically significant correlation between the usage pattern and the ocular side effects such as pain (r=0.22), itching (r=0.23), tearing (r=0.21), burning sensation (r=0.17), a boil on the eyelids (r=0.21), heavy eyelids (r=0.16), misdirected lashes (r=0.22), red eyes (r=0.15), lashes pulling out (r=0.12), eyelids swelling (r=0.18), grittiness (r=0.10), and discharge (r=0.10) (p<0.05). Conclusions It is concluded that there is a relationship between the usage pattern of eyelash extensions and the ocular side effects. Adequate and proper attention should be paid to this ever-growing cosmetic procedure's potential visual health risks.

TFOS Lifestyle: Impact of cosmetics on the ocular surface

In this report the use of eye cosmetic products and procedures and how this represents a lifestyle challenge that may exacerbate or promote the development of ocular surface and adnexal disease is discussed. Multiple aspects of eye cosmetics are addressed, including their history and market value, psychological and social impacts, possible problems associated with cosmetic ingredients, products, and procedures, and regulations for eye cosmetic use. In addition, a systematic review that critically appraises randomized controlled trial evidence concerning the ocular effects of eyelash growth products is included. The findings of this systematic review highlight the evidence gaps and indicate future directions for research to focus on ocular surface outcomes associated with eyelash growth products.

Prevalence of Dry Eye Disease and Its Association With the Frequent Usage of Eye Cosmetics Among Women

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is defined as a disease of the tear film and ocular surface that leads to discomfort and visual disturbance. The diagnosis of DED mainly depends on the presenting clinical features. A delay in treatment may progress into chronic eye disease. This study aimed to estimate the prevalence of dry eye symptoms among eye cosmetic users in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.

Methods: This cross-sectional study involved adult Saudi females using eye cosmetics. The Ocular Surface Disease Index questionnaire was used to assess DED.

Results: A total of 207 responses were included in this study. DED symptoms were reported among those who used eye cosmetics suggesting their effect on the tear film and its stability. This study demonstrated that mascara is the most common cosmetic used, with a prevalence of 98.6%. The prevalence of dry eye syndrome (DES) was 71.6%, where 40.5%, 13.5%, and 17.6% had severe, moderate, and mild conditions, respectively. The frequency of using inner eyeliner significantly increased the prevalence of DES, in which those who used it daily accounted for 75%. In contrast, the results showed no correlation between the frequency of using mascara or external eyeliner and the prevalence of DES.

Conclusion: The prevalence of DED among women who used eye cosmetics was much higher than its prevalence in the general population, which indicates that eye cosmetics are one of the risk factors in the development of DED. Also, the severity of DED was significantly higher in women who did not use a cleanser for removing cosmetics.

Complications and Adverse Effects of Periocular Aesthetic Treatments

The popularity and variety of temporary and permanent periocular aesthetic treatments has increased over the past decade. Patients frequently present to eye clinics with ocular complications and side effects following these treatments, their severity ranging from ocular irritation from dry eyes to visual loss from vascular occlusion. A careful, thorough history is essential, as many patients may not associate aesthetic procedures with ocular complications, and some may be embarrassed to disclose this information. All ophthalmologists should understand the potential ocular sequelae of these treatments and be able to initiate treatment in sight-threatening cases. Wesummarises the current literature on ophthalmic complications of the most common periocular aesthetic treatments.

TFOS DEWS II iatrogenic report

Dry eye can be caused by a variety of iatrogenic interventions. The increasing number of patients looking for eye care or cosmetic procedures involving the eyes, together with a better understanding of the pathophysiological mechanisms of dry eye disease (DED), have led to the need for a specific report about iatrogenic dry eye within the TFOS DEWS II. Topical medications can cause DED due to their allergic, toxic and immuno-inflammatory effects on the ocular surface. Preservatives, such as benzalkonium chloride, may further aggravate DED. A variety of systemic drugs can also induce DED secondary to multiple mechanisms. Moreover, the use of contact lens induces or is associated with DED. However, one of the most emblematic situations is DED caused by surgical procedures such as corneal refractive surgery as in laser-assisted in situ keratomileusis (LASIK) and keratoplasty due to mechanisms intrinsic to the procedure (i.e. corneal nerve cutting) or even by the use of postoperative topical drugs. Cataract surgery, lid surgeries, botulinum toxin application and cosmetic procedures are also considered risk factors to iatrogenic DED, which can cause patient dissatisfaction, visual disturbance and poor surgical outcomes. This report also presents future directions to address iatrogenic DED, including the need for more in-depth epidemiological studies about the risk factors, development of less toxic medications and preservatives, as well as new techniques for less invasive eye surgeries. Novel research into detection of early dry eye prior to surgeries, efforts to establish appropriate therapeutics and a greater attempt to regulate and oversee medications, preservatives and procedures should be considered.

Ocular Effects of Cosmetic Products and Procedures

Cosmetic products and procedures can produce adverse effects on the ocular surface, ranging from mild discomfort to vision-threatening conditions. Complications of skin and eye products can be related to allergy or toxicity, often attributable to perfumes. Complications of blepharoplasty may be associated with overcorrection, scarring, or uneven contour of the lid margins, conditions that can cause significant ocular surface disease until they are corrected. Ocular surface effects of botulinum toxin injection include dry eye syndromes and also epiphora. More serious complications occur (rarely) and are dose- and location-related. Adverse effects of micropigmentation procedures involve pathological processes or, simply, poor cosmetic results. In certain youth cultures, special-effect contact lenses and even decorative conjunctival implants have gained popularity, presenting a wide variety of dangers, often attributable to poor education about care and hygiene.

Allergic diseases of the eye

The prevalence of ocular allergy is clearly underappreciated; it has been an underdiagnosed and undertreated area in primary care medicine. The ocular symptoms associated with the most common ocular allergy conditions,such as seasonal and perennial AC, are twice as likely to affect the allergy sufferer as nasal symptoms alone. The emergence of new medications for the specific treatment of ocular symptoms over the course of the past 15 years offers a new field for improved patient care by the primary and sub-specialty health care providers.