1
|
Ying L, Baiming L, Hongran L, Tianbo D, Yunli T, Dong C. Effect of Cardinium Infection on the Probing Behavior of Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) MED. JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2021; 21:6306314. [PMID: 34146106 PMCID: PMC8214339 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/ieab040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Facultative endosymbionts can affect the growth, physiology, and behavior of their arthropod hosts. There are several endosymbionts in the invasive whitefly Bemisia tabaci Mediterranean (MED, Q biotype) that influence host fitness by altering stylet probing behavior. We investigated the probing behavior of B. tabaci MED infected with the facultative endosymbiont Candidatus Cardinium hertigii (Cardinium (Sphingobacteriales: Flexibacteraceae)). We generated genetically similar Cardinium-infected (C*+) and uninfected (C-) clonal sublines and analyzed the probing behavior of newly emerged adult on cotton (Malvales: Malvaceae), Gossypium hirsutum L., using electropenetrography (EPG). The C- subline demonstrated a longer duration of E2 (2.81-fold) and more events of E2 (2.22-fold) than the C*+ subline, indicating a greater level of sustained ingestion of plant phloem. These findings provide insight into the fitness costs (fitness of a particular genotype is lower than the average fitness of the population) of the Cardinium-infected B. tabaci.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Liu Ying
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Liu Baiming
- Institute of Plant Protection, Tianjin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tianjin 300112, China
| | - Li Hongran
- College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, China
| | - Ding Tianbo
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Tao Yunli
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| | - Chu Dong
- Key Lab of Integrated Crop Pest Management of Shandong Province, College of Plant Health and Medicine, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lv N, Peng J, Chen XY, Guo CF, Sang W, Wang XM, Ahmed MZ, Xu YY, Qiu BL. Antagonistic interaction between male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility induced by Cardinium and Wolbachia in the whitefly, Bemisia tabaci. INSECT SCIENCE 2021; 28:330-346. [PMID: 32339445 DOI: 10.1111/1744-7917.12793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2020] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Cardinium and Wolbachia are maternally inherited bacterial symbionts of arthropods that can manipulate host reproduction by increasing the fitness of infected females. Here, we report that Cardinium and Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and cytoplasmic incompatibility (CI) when they coexisted in a cryptic species of whitefly, Bemisia tabaci Asia II7. Cardinium and Wolbachia symbionts were either singly or simultaneously localized in the bacteriocytes placed in the abdomen of B. tabaci nymphs and adults. Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing and resulted in a higher female sex ratio in the intraspecific amphigenetic progeny of Asia II7 ICWH and ICWL lines; interestingly, male-killing induction was enhanced with increased Cardinium titer. Moreover, single infection of Wolbachia induced partial CI in the Asia II7 IW line and resulted in reduced fecundity, higher embryonic mortality, and lower female sex ratio. The uninfected Asia II7 IU line had significantly higher fecundity, lower embryonic and nymphal mortalities, and a lower level of CI than both the Wolbachia-infected Asia II7 IW line and the Cardinium-Wolbachia-coinfected Asia II7 ICWH line. Our findings indicate that Cardinium-Wolbachia coinfection induced male-killing, which may have had antagonistic effects on Wolbachia-induced CI in the Asia II7 whiteflies. For the first time, our study revealed that B. tabaci Asia II7 reproduction is co-manipulated by Cardinium and Wolbachia endosymbionts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ning Lv
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing Peng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xin-Yi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chang-Fei Guo
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen Sang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xing-Min Wang
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Muhammad Z Ahmed
- Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services, 1911 SW 34th Street, Gainesville, USA
| | - Yong-Yu Xu
- College of Plant Protection, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong Province, China
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-Pesticide Innovation and Application of Guangdong Province, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Engineering Research Center of Biocontrol, Ministry of Education, Guangzhou, China
- Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory of Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming, Guangdong Province, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Xu HY, Yang NW, Chi H, Ren GD, Wan FH. Comparison of demographic fitness and biocontrol effectiveness of two parasitoids, Encarsia sophia and Eretmocerus hayati (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae), against Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae). PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2018; 74:2116-2124. [PMID: 29528561 DOI: 10.1002/ps.4908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Revised: 02/06/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The autoparasitoid Encarsia sophia and the primary parasitoid Eretmocerus hayati are two important parasitoids used against the whitefly Bemisia tabaci, with different reproductive strategies. To incorporate these two parasitoids into a sustainable whitefly control program, it is necessary to evaluate and compare their fitness and biocontrol effectiveness under identical experimental conditions. The demographic characteristics, parasitism rate and host-feeding rate of En. sophia and Er. hayati were analyzed using an age-stage, two-sex life table and the CONSUME-MSChart computer program. RESULTS The mean fecundity of Er. hayati (211.4 offspring per female) was significantly higher than that of En. sophia (101.6 offspring per female), although the oviposition days of En. sophia was longer than that of Er. hayati. No significant difference was found in the intrinsic rate of increase (r), finite rate of increase (λ) or net reproduction rate (R0 ) between the two parasitoid species, but the mean generation time (T) of En. sophia (18.8 days) was significantly shorter than that of Er. hayati (20.5 days). The net host feeding rate (C0 ) of En. sophia was 84.1 whiteflies per individual, significantly higher than the 17.6 whiteflies per individual consumed by Er. hayati. The finite killing rate (ν) of En. sophia (0.6713) for whitefly was significantly greater than that produced by Er. hayati (0.3652). CONCLUSION The En. sophia population can increase faster and have a higher killing potential than the Er. hayati population. Taking both the demographic fitness and killing potential of the two parasitoids into consideration, En. sophia would be the preferred choice to release in a biological control program. © 2018 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yun Xu
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Nian-Wan Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hsin Chi
- Department of Plant Production and Technologies, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technologies, Niğde Ömer Halisdemir University, Niğde, Turkey
| | - Guo-Dong Ren
- College of Life Science, Hebei University, Baoding, China
| | - Fang-Hao Wan
- State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests, Institute of Plant Protection, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Ahmed MZ, Li SJ, Xue X, Yin XJ, Ren SX, Jiggins FM, Greeff JM, Qiu BL. The intracellular bacterium Wolbachia uses parasitoid wasps as phoretic vectors for efficient horizontal transmission. PLoS Pathog 2015; 10:e1004672. [PMID: 25675099 PMCID: PMC4347858 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1004672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Facultative bacterial endosymbionts are associated with many arthropods and are primarily transmitted vertically from mother to offspring. However, phylogenetic affiliations suggest that horizontal transmission must also occur. Such horizontal transfer can have important biological and agricultural consequences when endosymbionts increase host fitness. So far horizontal transmission is considered rare and has been difficult to document. Here, we use fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) and multi locus sequence typing (MLST) to reveal a potentially common pathway of horizontal transmission of endosymbionts via parasitoids of insects. We illustrate that the mouthparts and ovipositors of an aphelinid parasitoid become contaminated with Wolbachia when this wasp feeds on or probes Wolbachia-infected Bemisia tabaci AsiaII7, and non-lethal probing of uninfected B. tabaci AsiaII7 nymphs by parasitoids carrying Wolbachia resulted in newly and stably infected B. tabaci matrilines. After they were exposed to infected whitefly, the parasitoids were able to transmit Wolbachia efficiently for the following 48 h. Whitefly infected with Wolbachia by parasitoids had increased survival and reduced development times. Overall, our study provides evidence for the horizontal transmission of Wolbachia between insect hosts by parasitic wasps, and the enhanced survival and reproductive abilities of insect hosts may adversely affect biological control programs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Z. Ahmed
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Shao-Jian Li
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xia Xue
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiang-Jie Yin
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shun-Xiang Ren
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Francis M. Jiggins
- Department of Genetics, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jaco M. Greeff
- Department of Genetics, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bao-Li Qiu
- Department of Entomology, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Martinez AM, Chavarrieta JM, Morales SI, Caudillo KB, Figueroa JI, Diaz O, Bujanos R, Gomez B, Viñuela E, Pineda S. Behavior of Tamarixia triozae Females (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) Attacking Bactericera cockerelli (Hemiptera: Triozidae) and Effects of Three Pesticides on This Parasitoid. ENVIRONMENTAL ENTOMOLOGY 2015; 44:3-11. [PMID: 26308801 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvu015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The parasitism and host feeding behavior of Tamarixia triozae (Burks) (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) females on Bactericera cockerelli (Sulc) (Hemiptera: Triozidae) fourth instars that have infested tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Miller) leaflets are described and quantified. Females took approximately 31.14 ± 4.39 min to search for their first suitable host. The recognition and handling times for oviposition were 2.66 ± 0.18 and 4.26 ± 0.39 min, respectively. T. triozae parasitized 4.66 ± 0.61 nymphs in a period of 6 h. The parasitoid explored and probed its host by walking along the margins of its body while antennating and repeatedly introducing the ovipositor beneath the nymph. The handling times before and during host feeding were 8.42 ± 0.67 and 8.29 ± 0.60 min, respectively. T. triozae females consumed 1.00 ± 0.00 B. cockerelli nymph after parasitizing 3.3 ± 0.48 nymphs. EPA-a refined soybean oil-imidacloprid, and abamectin caused between ~70 and 100% T. triozae adult mortality after a 48-h contact treatment with fresh pesticide residue and a 47-91% decrease (abamectin > imidacloprid > EPA) in adult emergence when parasitized B. cockerelli fourth instars were directly sprayed. These data suggest that the use of these insecticides in combination with T. triozae in integrated pest management programs should be carefully evaluated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Mabel Martinez
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Juan-Manuel Chavarrieta
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Sinue-Isabel Morales
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Kiela-Briseida Caudillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - José-Isaac Figueroa
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Ovidio Diaz
- Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad Autónoma de San Luis Potosí, Álvaro Obregón 64 Centro, 78000 San Luis Potosí, México
| | - Rafael Bujanos
- Programa de Entomología, Campo Experimental Bajío, INIFAP. Km 6.5 Carretera Celaya-San Miguel de Allende, 38010, Celaya, Guanajuato, México
| | - Benjamín Gomez
- Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia. Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México
| | - Elisa Viñuela
- Protección de Cultivos, Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros Agrónomos, 28040 Madrid, España
| | - Samuel Pineda
- Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolás de Hidalgo. Km. 9.5 Carr. Morelia-Zinapécuaro. 58880 Tarímbaro, Michoacán, México.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
De Barro PJ, Coombs MT. Post-release evaluation of Eretmocerus hayati Zolnerowich and Rose in Australia. BULLETIN OF ENTOMOLOGICAL RESEARCH 2009; 99:193-206. [PMID: 18947454 DOI: 10.1017/s0007485308006445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Bemisia tabaci biotype B is a significant pest of agriculture world-wide. It was first detected in Australia in 1994. Assessments of the potential of parasitoids already present in Australia to control this pest indicated that two species of Eretmocerus and 11 species of Encarsia were present, but they did not exert sufficient control with a combined average of 5.0+/-0.3% apparent parasitism of 4th instars. Further, only 25% of samples containing biotype B had parasitised individuals present. The surveys also identified that fewer B biotype were being parasitised compared with the Australian indigenous biotype. Overall, Er. mundus was the most abundant parasitoid prior to the introduction. Previous research indicated that Er. hayati offered the best prospects for Australia and, in October 2004, the first releases were made. Since then, levels of apparent parasitism have averaged 29.3+/-0.1% of 4th instars with only 24% of collections having no parasitism present. Eretmocerus hayati contributed 85% of the overall apparent parasitism. In addition, host plants of the whitefly with low or no parasitism prior to the release have had an order of magnitude increase in levels of parasitism. This study covers the establishment of the case to introduce Er. hayati and the post-release establishment period November 2004-March 2008.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- P J De Barro
- CSIRO Entomology, 120 Meiers Road, Indooroopilly, Queensland 4068, Australia.
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Løe G, Toräng P, Gaudeul M, Ågren J. Trichome production and spatiotemporal variation in herbivory in the perennial herb Arabidopsis lyrata. OIKOS 2006. [DOI: 10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.15022.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|