1
|
The Diagnostic and Predictive Significance of Immune-Related Genes and Immune Characteristics in the Occurrence and Progression of IgA Nephropathy. J Immunol Res 2022; 2022:9284204. [PMID: 35528619 PMCID: PMC9071862 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9284204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To investigate the potential diagnostic and predictive significance of immune-related genes in IgA nephropathy (IgAN) and discover the abnormal glomerular inflammation in IgAN. Methods GSE116626 was used as a training set to identify different immune-related genes (DIRGs) and establish machine learning models for the diagnosis of IgAN; then, a nomogram model was generated based on GSE116626, and GSE115857 was used as a test set to evaluate its clinical value. Short Time-Series Expression Miner (STEM) analysis was also performed to explore the changing trend of DIRGs with the progression of IgAN lesions. GSE141344 was used with DIRGs to establish the ceRNA network associated with IgAN progression. Finally, ssGSEA analysis was performed on the GSE141295 dataset to discover the abnormal inflammation in IgAN. Results Machine learning (ML) performed excellently in diagnosing IgAN using six DIRGs. A nomogram model was constructed to predict IgAN based on the six DIRGs. Three trends related to IgAN lesions were identified using STEM analysis. A ceRNA network associated with IgAN progression which contained 8 miRNAs, 14 lncRNAs, and 3 mRNAs was established. A higher macrophage ratio and lower CD4+ T cell ratio in IgAN compared to controls were observed, and the correlation between macrophages and monocytes in the glomeruli of IgAN patients was inverse compared to controls. Conclusion This study reveals the diagnostic and predictive significance of DIRGs in IgAN and finds that the imbalance between macrophages and CD4+ immune cells may be an important pathomechanism of IgAN. These results provide potential directions for the treatment and prevention of IgAN.
Collapse
|
2
|
Naka S, Wato K, Misaki T, Ito S, Nagasawa Y, Nomura R, Matsumoto-Nakano M, Nakano K. Intravenous administration of Streptococcus mutans induces IgA nephropathy-like lesions. Clin Exp Nephrol 2020; 24:1122-1131. [PMID: 32909181 PMCID: PMC7599197 DOI: 10.1007/s10157-020-01961-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Background IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is one of the most frequently occurring types of chronic glomerulonephritis. Previous analyses have revealed that a major pathogen of dental caries, Streptococcus mutans [which expresses collagen-binding protein (Cnm) on its surface], is involved in the pathogenesis of IgAN. Methods Cnm-positive S. mutans isolated from a patient with IgAN was intravenously administered to specific pathogen-free Sprague–Dawley rats to evaluate their kidney conditions. Results The urinary protein level of the S. mutans group reached a plateau at 30 days, with increased numbers of mesangial cells and an increased mesangial matrix. The numbers of rats with IgA-positive and/or C3-positive glomeruli were significantly greater in the S. mutans group than in the control group at 45 days (P < 0.05). Electron microscopy analyses revealed electron-dense depositions in the mesangial area among rats in the S. mutans group. There were significantly more CD68-positive cells (macrophages) in the glomeruli of the S. mutans group than in the glomeruli of the control group during the late phase (P < 0.05), similar to the findings in patients with IgAN. Conclusion Our results suggested that intravenous administration of Cnm-positive S. mutans caused transient induction of IgAN-like lesions in rats.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shuhei Naka
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kaoruko Wato
- Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Taro Misaki
- Division of Nephrology, Seirei Hamamatsu General Hospital, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan.,Department of Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Seirei Christopher University, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Seigo Ito
- Department of Nephrology and Endocrinology, National Defense Medical College, Tokorozawa, Saitama, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Nagasawa
- Division of Kidney and Dialysis, Department of Internal Medicine, Hyogo College of Medicine, Nishinomiya, Hyogo, Japan
| | - Ryota Nomura
- Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Michiyo Matsumoto-Nakano
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, Okayama, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Nakano
- Division of Oral Infection and Disease Control, Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Osaka University Graduate School of Dentistry, Suita, Osaka, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Takahara M, Nagato T, Nozaki Y, Kumai T, Katada A, Hayashi T, Harabuchi Y. A proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL) induced hyper-production of IgA from tonsillar mononuclear cells in patients with IgA nephropathy. Cell Immunol 2019; 341:103925. [PMID: 31088610 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2019.103925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2018] [Revised: 03/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is a tonsil-related disease. We previously showed that oligodeoxynucleotides with CpG (CpG-ODN) and B-cell activation factor (BAFF) are involved in hyperproduction of IgA from tonsillar mononuclear cells of patients with IgAN (IgAN-TMCs). In this study, we focused on a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL), homologous to BAFF. IgAN-TMCs produced more APRIL than non IgAN-TMCs in the presence of both CpG-ODN and control-ODN. TLR9 expression was higher in B-cells of IgAN-TMCs, and treatment with CpG-ODN enhanced transmembrane activator and CAML interactor (TACI) expression. IgA production from IgAN-TMCs was inhibited by APRIL neutralization antibody or TACI blocking antibody, and enhanced by co-treatment of APRIL and CpG-ODN. Serum APRIL levels were higher in patients with IgAN, and decreased after tonsillectomy. These findings suggest that APRIL is involved in the hyperproduction of IgA from IgAN-TMCs, and that CpG-ODN enhanced APRIL-induced IgA production by increasing TACI expression on B-cells of IgAN-TMCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan.
| | - Toshihiro Nagato
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yui Nozaki
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Takumi Kumai
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment (IHNCRT), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Akihiro Katada
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Hayashi
- Department of Innovative Head & Neck Cancer Research and Treatment (IHNCRT), Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| | - Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Harabuchi Y, Takahara M. Recent advances in the immunological understanding of association between tonsil and immunoglobulin A nephropathy as a tonsil-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome. IMMUNITY INFLAMMATION AND DISEASE 2019; 7:86-93. [PMID: 30957421 PMCID: PMC6485698 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Immunoglobulin A nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis worldwide. It is well known that upper respiratory tract infections, particularly acute tonsillitis, often worsen IgAN. Recent many clinical studies clearly show that tonsillectomy with steroid pulse therapy is the effective treatments for IgAN patients. Recently, the immunological evidence of association between tonsil and IgAN has been reported. METHODS In this review, the mechanism underlying the onset of IgAN, as a tonsil-induced autoimmune/inflammatory syndrome (TIAS), is outlined with the main focus on the authors' research results. RESULTS In the tonsils of patients with IgAN, hyperimmune response to the unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) take place, resulting in hyperproduction of interferon-γ. The hyperproduction is followed by both overproduction of mutated IgA via B-cell activating factor (BAFF)/a proliferation-inducing ligand (APRIL)-mediated pathways and overexpression of T-cell receptor Vβ6, CXCR3, and CX3CR1 on tonsillar T cells. These IgA and T cells home to the kidney via the systemic circulation, resulting in nephritis of IgAN. CONCLUSIONS Scientific evidence supporting the use of tonsillectomy has gradually accumulated. We hope that many additional researchers will publish new evidence linking the tonsils and kidneys in the future.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuaki Harabuchi
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| | - Miki Takahara
- Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Li W, Peng X, Liu Y, Liu H, Liu F, He L, Liu Y, Zhang F, Guo C, Chen G, Zhang L, Dong Z, Peng Y. TLR9 and BAFF: their expression in patients with IgA nephropathy. Mol Med Rep 2014; 10:1469-74. [PMID: 24993857 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2014.2359] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2013] [Accepted: 02/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Since it was first described in 1968, immunoglobulin (Ig)A nephropathy (IgAN) has become the most commonly diagnosed form of primary glomerular disease worldwide. A number of reports have shown that toll‑like receptor 9 (TLR9) and B‑cell activating factor (BAFF) may be associated with IgAN; however, sufficient evidence has not yet to be delivered. In the present study, serum levels of BAFF as well as TLR9 mRNA and protein levels in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were assessed. Expression of TLR9 mRNA in PBMCs was examined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and the TLR9 protein was determined by western blot analysis. The levels of serum BAFF and IgA1 were determined by specific ELISA. Serum levels of BAFF and IgA1 as well as levels of TLR9 mRNA and protein in PMBCs were significantly higher in patients with IgAN compared with patients with minimal glomerular abnormalities (P<0.05, P<0.01, P<0.01 and P<0.01, respectively) and normal controls (P<0.01, P<0.01, P<0.05 and P<0.01, respectively). A correlation and regression analysis was performed to determine the pathogenesis of IgAN. In patients with IgAN, serum levels of BAFF were positively correlated with IgA1 levels (rp, 0.515; P<0.01) and mesangial IgA deposition density (rp, 0.746; P<0.01). Expression levels of TLR9 protein in PBMCs of IgAN patients were positively correlated with levels of serum BAFF (rp, 0.444; P<0.05) and IgA1 (rp, 0.633; P<0.01). These results suggested that overexpression of TLR9 mRNA and protein in PBMCs and elevated levels of serum BAFF may be associated with overexpression of serum IgA1, and, furthermore, may have a role in the development of IgAN.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Li
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Xiaofei Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yuyuan Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Hong Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Fuyou Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Liyu He
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Yang Liu
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Chunyan Guo
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Guochun Chen
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Zheng Dong
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| | - Youming Peng
- Department of Nephrology, Renal Research Institute, Hunan Key Laboratory of Kidney Disease and Blood Purification, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410011, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Tang Y, Peng Y, Yang S, Liu H, Wu G, Liu F. Effect of tonsillar mononuclear cell supernatants in patients with IgA nephropathy on renal tubular epithelial cells. Inflamm Res 2012; 62:45-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s00011-012-0549-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2011] [Revised: 08/14/2012] [Accepted: 08/20/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
|
7
|
Harabuchi Y, Takahara M. [Otorhinolaryngology and translational research--study of the etiological mechanism in IgA nephropathy having its foci at the tonsils]. NIHON JIBIINKOKA GAKKAI KAIHO 2009; 112:689-96. [PMID: 19960626 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.112.689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
|
8
|
SUZUKI S, FUJIEDA S, SUNAGA H, YAMAMOTO C, KIMURA H, KIMURA N, MATIGUTI T, YOSHIDA H. Production of interferon-γ by tonsillar lymphocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy induced by stimulation with Haemophilus parainfluenzae antigens. Nephrology (Carlton) 2008. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1797.2002.tb00535.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
9
|
Increase in B-cell-activation factor (BAFF) and IFN-gamma productions by tonsillar mononuclear cells stimulated with deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG-ODN) in patients with IgA nephropathy. Clin Immunol 2008; 126:260-9. [PMID: 18249037 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2007] [Revised: 09/14/2007] [Accepted: 11/02/2007] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
IgA nephropathy (IgAN), the most common form of primary glomerulonephritis, is recognized as a tonsil-related diseases since it often gets worse after and/or during acute tonsillitis and the disease progression is often prevented by tonsillectomy. Although several reports showed an increase in IgA production of tonsillar mononuclear cells (TMCs), its mechanism has not yet been fully clarified. Recently, B-cell-activation factor (BAFF), which stimulates B-cell proliferation and immunoglobulin production, was identified. Unmethylated deoxycytidyl-deoxyguanosine oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG-ODN), which is able to mimic the immunostimulatory activity of microbial DNA, is known to be involved in the production of immunoglobulins and some cytokines. In this study, we focused on roles of BAFF and IFN-gamma in IgA production of TMCs stimulated with CpG-ODN in IgAN patients. Two-color flow cytometric analysis revealed that the intercellular expression of IFN-gamma on the T-cells freshly isolated from tonsils was significantly higher in IgAN patients than in non-IgAN patients (p=0.032). The spontaneous productions of IgA and IFN-gamma of TMCs were significantly higher in IgAN patients than in non-IgAN patients (p=0.023 and p=0.02). Under stimulation with CpG-ODN, the productions of IgA, BAFF and IFN-gamma of TMCs were significantly higher in IgAN patients than in non-IgAN patients (p=0.013, p=0.005 and p=0.039). The IgA production of TMCs stimulated by CpG-ODN was inhibited by the treatment with anti-BAFF antibody and/or anti-IFN-gamma antibody. Under stimulation with IFN-gamma, the BAFF expression on the CD1c cells and the BAFF production of TMCs were significantly higher in IgAN patients than in non-IgAN patients (p=0.004 and p=0.042). These data suggest that hyper-immune response to microbial DNA may be present in IgAN patients and may lead to hyperproduction of BAFF up-regulated by IFN-gamma, resulting in hyperproduction of IgA in IgAN patients.
Collapse
|
10
|
Goto T, Bandoh N, Yoshizaki T, Takahara M, Nonaka S, Harabuchi Y. [Therapeutic effects and prognostic factors in tonsillectomy patients with IgA nephropathy]. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 110:53-9. [PMID: 17373325 DOI: 10.3950/jibiinkoka.110.53] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because upper respiratory tract infections, particularly tonsillitis, often precede IgA nephropathy (IgAN), IgAN is now recognized as a tonsil-related disease, and reports have shown that tonsillectomy is effective in preventing disease progression in IgAN patients. IgA may thus play an important role in IgAN pathogenesis and development. B cell activation factor belonging to the TNF family (BAFF) is expressed by monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells, and may be the mechanism by which macrophages and dendritic cells directly regulate human B-cell activation. BAFF acts as a potent B-cell growth factor and costimulator of immunoglobulin production, including IgA. We studied therapeutic effects and serum BAFF levels as prognostic factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS Subjects were 41 patients undergoing tonsillectomy and followed up for at least 1 year. Serum samples were obtained from 38 with IgAN and 29 with recurrent tonsillitis as a properative control groups. The remission group consisted of patients with normal renal function without hematuria and proteinuria. Serum BAFF levels were measured by ELISA kits at our laboratory. RESULTS Overall remission was 39.0%. The disappearance of hematuria increased for long-term follow-up groups, but proteinuria was unchanged. Serum BAFF levels among the two groups did not differ significantly. Among IgAN patients, higher BAFF levels were associated with higher serum IgA/C3 levels. The correlation was weak (p =0.026, r = 0.407). Using 3.2 ng / ml as a cut off point, we compared cumulative improvement in those with high pretreatment BAFF levels to those with low pretreatment levels. Those with high pretreatment BAFF levels had inferior cumulative improvement in hematuria. CONCLUSION Tonsillectomy was effective in improving hematuria. BAFF appears to be a key factor in tonsillectomy among [gAN patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Goto
- Department of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Asahikawa Medical School, Asahikawa
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
11
|
SUZUKI S, FUJIEDA S, SUNAGA H, YAMAMOTO C, KIMURA H, KIMURA N, MATIGUTI T, YOSHIDA H. Production of interferon-γ
by tonsillar lymphocytes from patients with IgA nephropathy induced by stimulation with Haemophilus parainfluenzae
antigens. Nephrology (Carlton) 2002. [DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1797.7.s.25.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
|