Cloud Point Extraction of Serum Albumin and Its Spectrophotometric Determination in Serum Samples

Clouding behaviour in surfactant systems

A study on the phenomenon of clouding and the applications of cloud point technology has been thoroughly discussed. The phase behaviour of clouding and various methods adopted for the determination of cloud point of various surfactant systems have been elucidated. The systems containing anionic, cationic, nonionic surfactants as well as microemulsions have been reviewed with respect to their clouding phenomena and the effects of structural variation in the surfactant systems have been incorporated. Additives of various natures control the clouding of surfactants. Electrolytes, nonelectrolytes, organic substances as well as ionic surfactants, when present in the surfactant solutions, play a major role in the clouding phenomena. The review includes the morphological study of clouds and their applications in the extraction of trace inorganic, organic materials as well as pesticides and protein substrates from different sources.

β-cyclodextrin cross-linked polymer as solid-phase extraction material coupled with the spectrophotometric method for the analysis of serum albumin

The β-cyclodextrin cross-linked polymer (β-CDCP) was synthesized and used as solid-phase extraction material to preconcentrate/analysis bovine serum albumin (BSA) coupled with UV-vis spectroscopy. The method based on the complex (BSA-phenylfluorone (PF)) adsorbed on β-CDCP. Adsorption kinetics and various factors of the formation procedure of BSA-PF and its retention on β-CDCP were investigated. The linear range and detection limit (DL) was 20.0-200.0 and 0.03 mg/L, respectively. Moreover, the β-CDCP could be used repeatedly. The proposed method has been applied to analysis serum albumin with satisfactory results.

Cloud point extraction applied to casein proteins of cow milk and their identification by mass spectrometry

This work describes the optimization of a cloud point extraction (CPE) method for casein proteins from cow milk samples. To promote phase separation, polyoxyethylene(8) isooctylphenyl ether (Triton X-114) and sodium chloride (NaCl) were used as nonionic surfactant and electrolyte, respectively. Using multivariate studies, four major CPE variables were evaluated: Triton X-114 concentration, sample volume, NaCl concentration, and pH. The results show that surfactant concentration and sample volume were the main variable affecting the CPE process, with the following optimized parameters: 1% (w/v) Triton X-114 concentration, 50 microL of sample volume, 6% (w/v) NaCl concentration and extractions carried out at pH 7.0. At these conditions, 923+/-66 and 67+/-2 microg mL(-1) of total protein were found in the surfactant-rich and surfactant-poor phases, respectively. Finally, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was then used to evaluate those target proteins (alpha(s1)-casein, alpha(s2)-casein and beta-casein) separation as well as to check the efficiency of the extraction procedure, making a fingerprint of those target proteins possible.