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Mahmoud AM, Alqahtani YS, El-Wekil MM, Ali AMBH. Ratiometric Sensing of Azithromycin and Sulfide Using Dual Emissive Carbon Dots: A Turn On-Off-On Approach. J Fluoresc 2024:10.1007/s10895-024-03737-2. [PMID: 38691279 DOI: 10.1007/s10895-024-03737-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
A novel ratiometric fluorescence probe was developed for the determination of azithromycin (AZM) and sulfide ions based on the differential modulation of red emissive carbon dots (R-N@CDs) and blue emissive carbon dots (B-NS@CDs). The addition of sulfide anion selectively quenched the red emission of R-N@CDs while the blue emission of B-NS@CDs unaffected. Upon subsequent introduction of AZM to this R-N@CDs@sulfide system, the quenched red fluorescence was restored. Comprehensive characterization of the CDs was performed using UV-Vis, fluorescence, FTIR spectroscopy, XPS, and TEM. The proposed method exhibited excellent sensitivity and selectivity, with limits of detection of 0.33 µM for AZM and 0.21 µM for sulfide. Notably, this approach enabled direct detection of sulfide without requiring prior modulation of the CDs with metal ions, as is common in other reported methods. The ratiometric probe was successfully applied for the determination of AZM in biological fluids and sulfide in environmental water samples with high selectivity. This work presents the first fluorometric method for the detection of AZM in biological fluids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf M Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yahya S Alqahtani
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Najran University, Najran, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohamed M El-Wekil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Al-Montaser Bellah H Ali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt.
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2
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Mostafazadeh R, Karimi-Maleh H, Ghaffarinejad A, Tajabadi F, Hamidian Y. Highly sensitive electrochemical sensor based on carbon paste electrode modified with graphene nanoribbon-CoFe 2O 4@NiO and ionic liquid for azithromycin antibiotic monitoring in biological and pharmaceutical samples. APPLIED NANOSCIENCE 2023; 13:1-10. [PMID: 36710715 PMCID: PMC9870783 DOI: 10.1007/s13204-023-02773-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
In this report, Azithromycin (Azi) antibiotic was measured by carbon paste electrode (CPE) improved by graphene nanoribbon-CoFe2O4@NiO nanocomposite and 1-hexyl-3 methylimidazolium hexafluorophosphate (HMIM PF6) as an ionic liquid binder. The electrochemical behavior of Azi on the graphene nanoribbon-CoFe2O4@NiO/HMIM PF6/CPE is investigated by voltammetric methods, and the results showed that the modifiers improve the conductivity and electrochemical activity of the CPE. According to obtained data, the electrochemical behavior of Azi is related to pH. under optimum conditions, the sensor has linear ranges from 10 µM to 2 mM with a LOD of 0.66 µM. The effect of scan rate and chronoamperometry were studied, which showed that the Azi electro-oxidation is diffusion controlled with the diffusion coefficient of 9.22 × 10-6 cm2/s. The reproducibility (3.15%), repeatability (2.5%), selectivity, and stability (for 30 days) tests were investigated, which results were acceptable. The actual sample analysis confirmed that the proposed sensor is an appropriate electrochemical tool for Azi determination in urine and Azi capsule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reza Mostafazadeh
- Research Laboratory of Real Samples Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114 Iran
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, PO Box 31787-316, Karaj, Iran
| | - Hassan Karimi-Maleh
- School of Resources and Environment, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Xiyuan Ave, P.O. Box 611731, Chengdu, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ali Ghaffarinejad
- Research Laboratory of Real Samples Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114 Iran
- Electroanalytical Chemistry Research Center, Iran University of Science and Technology (IUST), Tehran, 1684613114 Iran
| | - Fariba Tajabadi
- Department of Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials, Materials and Energy Research Center, PO Box 31787-316, Karaj, Iran
| | - Yasamin Hamidian
- Department of Chemistry, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran, 16315-1618 Iran
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Moustafa RM, Talaat W, Youssef RM, Kamal MF. Carbon dots as fluorescent nanoprobes for assay of some non-fluorophoric nitrogenous compounds of high pharmaceutical interest. BENI-SUEF UNIVERSITY JOURNAL OF BASIC AND APPLIED SCIENCES 2023; 12:8. [PMID: 36686602 PMCID: PMC9844168 DOI: 10.1186/s43088-023-00346-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Carbon dots, CDs, have excellent photoluminescence properties, good biocompatibility, low toxicity and good light stability. The optical, magnetic and electronic properties of CDs make them a hugely relevant tool to be used in pharmaceutical analysis, bioimaging, drug delivery, and other fields. The fluorescence of carbon nanodots makes it suitable for assay of some nitrogenous compounds of high pharmaceutical interest. In this work, we develop simple, fast and green spectrophotometric methods for quantification of Azithromycin and Rasagiline mesilate using synthesized fluorescent CDs from garlic peels. Results The spectrometric methods depend on stoichiometric reactions of both drugs with fluorescent CDs. Carbon dots exhibit a declared absorption peak λmax at 238 nm and potent fluorimetric emission at λem 528 nm, upon excitation at λex 376 nm. Drugs' concentrations in ppm are efficiently calculated using Stern-Volmer Equation. Decrease in fluorescence (ΔF = F o - F) and the F-ratio values are linearly correlated to molar concentration of each quencher (drug). A significant linear diminish in the dots' measured absorbance and fluorimetric emission values was observed. Validation of all the developed methods was according to the ICH guidelines. Conclusions In a new way, this work successfully indicates, spectrometric methods for rapid detection of two non-fluorophoric nitrogenous compounds using potent carbon nanodots. Consequently, these green developed methods offer several benefits as simplicity, ease of quantification, accuracy and precision that encourage the application of the developed methods in routine analysis of Azithromycin and Rasagiline mesilate in quality control laboratories as analytical tool. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s43088-023-00346-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rana M. Moustafa
- grid.442603.70000 0004 0377 4159Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Drug Manufacturing, Pharos University in Alexandria, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Wael Talaat
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
| | - Rasha M. Youssef
- grid.7155.60000 0001 2260 6941Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Miranda F. Kamal
- grid.449014.c0000 0004 0583 5330Department of Pharmaceutical Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Damanhour University, Damanhour, Egypt
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Karungamye P, Rugaika A, Mtei K, Machunda R. A Review of Methods for Removal of Ceftriaxone from Wastewater. J Xenobiot 2022; 12:223-235. [PMID: 35997364 PMCID: PMC9397013 DOI: 10.3390/jox12030017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of pharmaceuticals in surface water and wastewater poses a threat to public health and has significant effects on the ecosystem. Since most wastewater treatment plants are ineffective at removing molecules efficiently, some pharmaceuticals enter aquatic ecosystems, thus creating issues such as antibiotic resistance and toxicity. This review summarizes the methods used for the removal of ceftriaxone antibiotics from aquatic environments. Ceftriaxone is one of the most commonly prescribed antibiotics in many countries, including Tanzania. Ceftriaxone has been reported to be less or not degraded in traditional wastewater treatment of domestic sewage. This has piqued the interest of researchers in the monitoring and removal of ceftriaxone from wastewater. Its removal from aqueous systems has been studied using a variety of methods which include physical, biological, and chemical processes. As a result, information about ceftriaxone has been gathered from many sources with the searched themes being ceftriaxone in wastewater, ceftriaxone analysis, and ceftriaxone removal or degradation. The methods studied have been highlighted and the opportunities for future research have been described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petro Karungamye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Dodoma (UDOM), Dodoma P.O. Box 338, Tanzania
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +255-763750792
| | - Anita Rugaika
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Kelvin Mtei
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
| | - Revocatus Machunda
- School of Materials Energy Water and Environmental Sciences, The Nelson Mandela African Institution of Science and Technology, Arusha P.O. Box 447, Tanzania; (A.R.); (K.M.); (R.M.)
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Ibrahim FA, Wahba MEK, Galal GM. Two spectrophotometric methods for the determination of azithromycin and roxithromycin in pharmaceutical preparations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.5155/eurjchem.8.3.203-210.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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6
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Yoon SH. Physical and chemical characteristics of chufa (Cyperus esculentus L.) oils extracted from chufa tubers grown in the mid-portion of Korea. Food Sci Biotechnol 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/s10068-015-0268-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Keskar MR, Jugade RM. Spectrophotometric Investigations of Macrolide Antibiotics: A Brief Review. ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY INSIGHTS 2015; 10:29-37. [PMID: 26609215 PMCID: PMC4644142 DOI: 10.4137/aci.s31857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Revised: 10/12/2015] [Accepted: 10/15/2015] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides, one of the most commonly used class of antibiotics, are a group of drugs produced by Streptomyces species. They belong to the polyketide class of natural products. Their activity is due to the presence of a large macrolide lactone ring with deoxy sugar moieties. They are protein synthesis inhibitors and broad-spectrum antibiotics, active against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Different analytical techniques have been reported for the determination of macrolides such as chromatographic methods, flow injection methods, spectrofluorometric methods, spectrophotometric methods, and capillary electrophoresis methods. Among these methods, spectrophotometric methods are sensitive and cost effective for the analysis of various antibiotics in pharmaceutical formulations as well as biological samples. This article reviews different spectrophotometric methods for the determination of macrolide antibiotics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mrudul R Keskar
- Department of Chemistry, R. T. M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
| | - Ravin M Jugade
- Department of Chemistry, R. T. M. Nagpur University, Nagpur, India
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Abstract
Azithromycin is an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotics. It is derived from erythromycin, with a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom incorporated into the lactone ring, thus making the lactone ring 15-membered. It prevents bacteria from growing by interfering with their protein synthesis. It binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome and thus inhibits translation of mRNA. Azithromycin is used to treat or prevent certain bacterial infections, most often those causing middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, typhoid, bronchitis, and sinusitis. In recent years, it has been used primarily to prevent bacterial infections in infants and those with weaker immune systems. It is also effective against certain sexually transmitted infections, such as nongonococcal urethritis, chlamydia, and cervicitis. Recent studies have indicated it also to be effective against late-onset asthma, but these findings are controversial and not widely accepted. The present study gives a comprehensive profile of azithromycin, including detailed physico-chemical properties, nomenclature, formulae, methods of preparation, and methods of analysis (including compendial, electrochemical, spectroscopic, and chromatographic methods of analysis). Developed validated stability-indicating (HPLC and biodiffusion assay methods under accelerated acidic, alkaline, and oxidative conditions, in addition to effect of different types of light, temperature, and pH. Detailed clinical applications also presented (mechanism of action, ADME profile, clinical uses and doses, side effects, and drug interactions). Each of the above stages includes appropriate figures and tables. More than 80 references were given as a proof of the above-mentioned studies.
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Robaina NF, de Paula CER, Brum DM, de la Guardia M, Garrigues S, Cassella RJ. Novel approach for the determination of azithromycin in pharmaceutical formulations by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy in film-through transmission mode. Microchem J 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2013.04.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Pfaffen V, Faudone SN, Sperandeo NR, Cuffini SL, Ortiz PI. Determination of Azithromycin by an Alternative FIA Amperometric Method for Different Pharmaceutical Applications. Ind Eng Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1021/ie3027845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Valeria Pfaffen
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de
Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Sonia N. Faudone
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos
y Procesos de Córdoba CEPROCOR,
Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica de Córdoba, Álvarez
de Arenales 230, X5004AAP Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Norma R. Sperandeo
- Departamento de Farmacia, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Silvia L. Cuffini
- Centro de Excelencia en Productos
y Procesos de Córdoba CEPROCOR,
Ministerio de Ciencia y Técnica de Córdoba, Álvarez
de Arenales 230, X5004AAP Córdoba, Argentina
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Farmácia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, UFSC, South Carolina, 88040-900 Florianópolis, Brazil
| | - Patricia I. Ortiz
- INFIQC-CONICET, Departamento de
Fisicoquímica, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Ciudad Universitaria, X5000HUA Córdoba, Argentina
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11
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Ensafi AA, Allafchian AR, Rezaei B. A sensitive and selective voltammetric sensor based on multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with MgCr₂O₄ for the determination of azithromycin. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2012; 103:468-74. [PMID: 23261568 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2012.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/22/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
In this report, we synthesized MgCr(2)O(4) nanoparticles and then multiwall carbon nanotubes were decorated with the MgCr(2)O(4) nanoparticles. The characteristics of the new materials were studied with different techniques such as transmission electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, atomic force microscopy and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The multiwall carbon nanotubes decorated with MgCr(2)O(4) nanoparticles were used as a new mediator for voltammetric determination of azithromycin. The oxidation peak of azithromycin was appeared at a potential of about 720 mV at a surface of the modified electrode. Differential pulse voltammetry exhibited two wide linear dynamic ranges of 0.25-4.0 and 4.0-10.0 μmol L(-1) azithromycin with a detection limit of 0.07 μmol L(-1) at pH 7.0. The influence of potential interfering compounds on the selectivity was studied. Finally, the modified electrode showed good sensitivity, selectivity and stability for the determination of azithromycin in real samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali A Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan 84156-83111, Iran.
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12
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Almeida VGK, Braga VSM, Pacheco WF, Cassella RJ. Fluorescence Determination of Azithromycin in Pharmaceutical Formulations by Using the Synchronous Scanning Approach After its Acid Derivatization. J Fluoresc 2012; 23:31-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s10895-012-1111-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 07/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Bekele LK, Gebeyehu GG. Application of Different Analytical Techniques and Microbiological Assays for the Analysis of Macrolide Antibiotics from Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Biological Matrices. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.5402/2012/859473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Macrolides are a group of drugs whose activity stems from the presence of a macrolide ring, a large macrocyclic lactone ring to which one or more deoxy sugars may be attached. They are produced by Streptomyces species and used primarily against gram-positive bacteria. The determination of antibiotics, including macrolides, is mainly carried out by microbiological assays. However, microbiological assays tended to lack specificity. And hence to overcome this problem, lots of chemical and instrumental methods have been developed to determine macrolides separately as well as simultaneously. Different chromatographic, spectrophotometric, and electrochemical methods used for the determination of macrolides have been reviewed in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lantider Kassaye Bekele
- Food and Drug quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa 5681, Ethiopia
| | - Getachew Genete Gebeyehu
- Food and Drug quality Control Laboratory, Food, Medicine and Health Care Administration and Control Authority of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa 5681, Ethiopia
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Peng JY, Hou CT, Liu XX, Li HB, Hu XY. Electrochemical behavior of azithromycin at graphene and ionic liquid composite film modified electrode. Talanta 2011; 86:227-32. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2011.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2011] [Revised: 08/30/2011] [Accepted: 09/04/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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15
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Kwiecień A, Krzek J, Biniek Ł. TLC-densitometric determination of azithromycin in pharmaceutical preparations. JPC-J PLANAR CHROMAT 2008. [DOI: 10.1556/jpc.21.2008.3.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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RUFINO JL, PEZZA HR, PEZZA L. Flow-Injection Spectrophotometric Determination of Azithromycin in Pharmaceutical Formulations Using p-Chloranil in the Presence of Hydrogen Peroxide. ANAL SCI 2008; 24:871-6. [DOI: 10.2116/analsci.24.871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- José Luiz RUFINO
- São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara
| | | | - Leonardo PEZZA
- São Paulo State University—UNESP, Institute of Chemistry of Araraquara
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Rachidi M, Elharti J, Digua K, Cherrah Y, Bouklouze A. New Polymeric Membrane Electrode for Azithromycin Determination. ANAL LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710600952358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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