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Abid HA, Lin ES, Ong JW, Minifie T, Song Z, Liew OW, Ng TW. Polymerase chain reaction thermal cycling using the programmed tilt displacements of capillary tubes. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:104105. [PMID: 33138589 DOI: 10.1063/5.0007879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A thermal cycling method, whereby capillary tubes holding polymerase chain reactions are subjected to programmed tilt displacements so that they are moved using gravity over three spatial regions (I, II, and III) kept at different constant temperatures to facilitate deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) denaturation, annealing, and extension, is described. At tilt speeds in excess of 0.2 rad/s, the standard deviation of static coefficient of friction values was below 0.03, indicating in sync movement of multiple capillary tubes over the holding platform. The travel time during the acceleration phase and under constant velocity between adjacent regions (I to II and II to III) and distant regions (III to I) was 0.03 s and 0.31 s, respectively. The deviations in temperature did not exceed 0.05 °C from the average at the prescribed denaturing, annealing, and extension temperatures applied. DNA amplification was determined by optical readings, the fluorescence signal was found to increase twofold after 30 thermal cycles, and 1.16 × 106 DNA copies/μl could be detected. The approach also overcomes problems associated with thermal inertia, sample adhesion, sample blockage, and handling of the reaction vessels encountered in the other thermal cycling schemes used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hassan Ali Abid
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, 17 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Eric Shen Lin
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, 17 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Jian Wern Ong
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, 17 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Tristan Minifie
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, 17 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Zhixiong Song
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, 17 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Centre for Translational Medicine, Cardiovascular Research Institute, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, National University Health System, 14 Medical Drive, Singapore 117599
| | - Tuck Wah Ng
- Laboratory for Optics and Applied Mechanics, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Monash University, 17 Alliance Lane, Clayton, Victoria3800, Australia
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Miao G, Zhang L, Zhang J, Ge S, Xia N, Qian S, Yu D, Qiu X. Free convective PCR: From principle study to commercial applications-A critical review. Anal Chim Acta 2020; 1108:177-197. [PMID: 32222239 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2020.01.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is an extremely important tool for molecular diagnosis, as it can specifically amplify nucleic acid templates for sensitive detection. As another division of PCR, free convective PCR was invented in 2001, which can be performed in a capillary tube pseudo-isothermally within a significantly short time. Convective PCR thermal cycling is implemented by inducing thermal convection inside the capillary tube, which stratifies the reaction into spatially separate and stable melting, annealing, and extension zones created by the temperature gradient. Convective PCR is a promising tool that can be used for nucleic acid diagnosis as a point-of-care test (POCT) due to the significantly simplified heating strategy, reduced cost, and shortened detection time without sacrificing sensitivity and accuracy. Here, we review the history of free convective PCR from its invention to development and its commercial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guijun Miao
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Lulu Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Jing Zhang
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Shengxiang Ge
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Ningshao Xia
- National Institute of Diagnostics and Vaccine Development in Infectious Diseases, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, China.
| | - Shizhi Qian
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA.
| | - Duli Yu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China; Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Soft Matter Science and Engineering, Beijing, 100029, China.
| | - Xianbo Qiu
- Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029, China.
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Trinh KTL, Wu W, Lee NY. Bent polydimethylsiloxane–polycarbonate hybrid microdevice for on-chip flow-through polymerase chain reaction employing a single heater. Mikrochim Acta 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s00604-014-1166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Li Y, Zhang C, Xing D. Integrated microfluidic reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction for rapid detection of food- or waterborne pathogenic rotavirus. Anal Biochem 2011; 415:87-96. [PMID: 21570946 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2011.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2010] [Revised: 04/13/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
Multiple advantages of microfluidics have been demonstrated in the area of organic synthesis. However, only a limited number of them have found applications in radiopharmaceutical synthesis, while that is an area where the need for improvements offered by microfluidics is very significant. The need is to create an environment where all reactions involving short-lived radioisotopes such as (18)F (110 min half-life) or (11)C (20 min half-life) are rapid and high-yielding while the devices are controlled remotely. Several groups have identified the potential of microfluidics in this area and have demonstrated that various steps of conventional radiosynthesis can be replaced by microfluidic devices. However, despite promising results that stir up the interest in the scientific community, none of these inventions has found commercial applications with broad use yet. This article will review the technologies reported to date and analyze the unmet needs that will have to be addressed before microfluidic technology has a chance of becoming a viable and truly advantageous method of preparation of commercial radiopharmaceuticals. The latter mostly center around Positron Emission Tomography (PET) biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arkadij M Elizarov
- Siemens MI Biomarker Research, 6100 Bristol Parkway, Culver City, CA90230, USA.
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Li Y, Xing D, Zhang C. Rapid detection of genetically modified organisms on a continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction microfluidics. Anal Biochem 2009; 385:42-9. [PMID: 19010299 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2008.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2008] [Revised: 10/21/2008] [Accepted: 10/21/2008] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The ability to perform DNA amplification on a microfluidic device is very appealing. In this study, a compact continuous-flow polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microfluidics was developed for rapid analysis of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) in genetically modified soybeans. The device consists of three pieces of copper and a transparent polytetrafluoroethylene capillary tube embedded in the spiral channel fabricated on the copper. On this device, the P35S and Tnos sequences were successfully amplified within 9min, and the limit of detection of the DNA sample was estimated to be 0.005 ng microl(-1). Furthermore, a duplex continuous-flow PCR was also reported for the detection of the P35S and Tnos sequences in GMOs simultaneously. This method was coupled with the intercalating dye SYBR Green I and the melting curve analysis of the amplified products. Using this method, temperature differences were identified by the specific melting temperature values of two sequences, and the limit of detection of the DNA sample was assessed to be 0.01 ng microl(-1). Therefore, our results demonstrated that the continuous-flow PCR assay could discriminate the GMOs in a cost-saving and less time-consuming way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyuan Li
- MOE Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science and Institute of Laser Life Science, South China Normal University, No. 55 Zhongshan Avenue West, Tianhe District, Guangzhou 510631, People's Republic of China
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