Determination of Copper in Water by Ionic Liquid Based Microextraction and Chemiluminescence Detection

Highly sensitive determination of copper (II) ions using fluorescence and chemiluminescence emissions of modified CdS quantum dots after it’s preconcentration by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction

Two highly sensitive and selective methods based on fluorescence (FL) and chemiluminescence (CL) emissions of 8-mercaptoquinoline-capped CdS quantum dots (MCQ-CdS QDs) were described for the determination of copper (II) after it’s preconcentration. High fluorescent CdS QDs, synthesized in an aqueous medium, generated a relatively intense CL emission in the presence of potassium permanganate as an oxidant. Furthermore, low quantities of copper (II) ions showed a remarkable quenching effect on both of the CL and FL emissions of MCQ-CdS QDs. Based on this effect, two selective and simple methods were established for Cu2+, and the detection limits of 0.28 and 0.026 ng mL−1 were obtained for the FL and CL methods, respectively. Also, due to the high propensity of MCQ to Cu2+, good selectivity was obtained and no sensible interfering effects from other metal ions were observed. To more sensitize the developed method, an efficient preconcentration process was designed based on the high-yield ultrasound-assisted temperature-controlled ionic liquid dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction (UA-TIL-DLLME) method. Under the optimum conditions, the extracted Cu2+ showed a suppressing effect on the FL and CL emissions of CdS QDs proportional to its initial concentration over the ranges of 0.008–1.4 and 0.001–1.4 ng mL−1, respectively. The limits of detection of 3.7 and 0.37 pg mL−1, respectively, were also achieved. The established methods showed great features and were satisfactorily applied to the monitoring of ultratrace Cu2+ in some different environmental samples.

Selective chemiluminescence method for the determination of trinitrotoluene based on molecularly imprinted polymer-capped ZnO quantum dots

A novel molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) based chemiluminescence (CL) assay is described for the determination of TNT in environmental samples.

Ultrasound in Combination with Ionic Liquids: Studied Applications and Perspectives

Ionic liquids (ILs) as reaction media, and sonochemistry (US) as activation method, represent separately unconventional approaches to reaction chemistry that, in many cases, generate improvements in yield, rate and selectivity compared to traditional chemistry, or even induce a change in the mechanisms or expected products. Recently, these two technologies have been combined in a range of different applications, demonstrating very significant and occasionally surprising synergetic effects. In this book chapter, the advantages and limitations of the IL/US combination in different chemical applications are critically reviewed in order to understand how, and in which respects, it could become an essential tool of sustainable chemistry in the future. Fundamental aspects and practical considerations of the combination are discussed to better control and demonstrate the brought synergetic effects.

Ionic liquids and ultrasound in combination: synergies and challenges

The advantages and the limits of the ionic liquid/ultrasound combination for different applications in chemistry are critically reviewed to understand how it could become an essential tool in future years.