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Jha SK, Kanungo M, Nath A, D'Souza SF. Entrapment of live microbial cells in electropolymerized polyaniline and their use as urea biosensor. Biosens Bioelectron 2009; 24:2637-42. [PMID: 19230647 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2009.01.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2008] [Revised: 01/06/2009] [Accepted: 01/19/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The lyophilized biomass of bacterium Brevibacterium ammoniagenes was immobilized in polystyrene sulphonate-polyaniline (PSS-PANI) conducting polymer on a Pt twin wire electrode by potentiostatic electropolymerization. The bacterial cells retained their viability as well as urease activity under entrapped state, as confirmed with bacterial live-dead fluorescent assay and enzymatic assays. The entrapped cells were visualized using scanning electron microscope. The immobilized cells were used as a source of unpurified urease to develop a conductometric urea biosensor. The catalytic action of urease in the sensor released ammonia, thereby causing an increase in the pH of the microenvironment. The pH dependant change in the resistivity of the polymer was used as the basis of sensing mechanism. The sensor response was linear over a range of 0-75 mM urea with a sensitivity of 0.125 mM(-1). The sensor could be reused for 12-15 independent measurements and was quite stable in dry as well as buffered storage condition at 4 degrees C for at least 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandeep Kumar Jha
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Mumbai, India 400085.
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Voronova EA, Iliasov PV, Reshetilov AN. Development, Investigation of Parameters and Estimation of Possibility of Adaptation ofPichia angustaBased Microbial Sensor for Ethanol Detection. ANAL LETT 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/00032710701645729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Riedel K, Kunze G, König A. Microbial sensors on a respiratory basis for wastewater monitoring. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2002; 75:81-118. [PMID: 11783844 DOI: 10.1007/3-540-44604-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In respect of their rapidity, their online capabilities, and their moderate costs, biosensing systems generally offer an attractive alternative to the existing methods of water analysis. Additionally, one particular advantage of microbial biosensors is the ability to measure direct effects on living cells, e.g., their respiratory activity and its alteration caused by environmental pollutants. It is true that microbial sensors, often do not provide the optimum solution for the determination of individual analytes when compared to established physico-chemical analysis methods. However, these biosensing devices are predestined for the summary determination of environmentally relevant compounds and their complex effects, respectively. For this reason, microbial sensors allow an integral evaluation of the degree of environmental pollution including the interaction of various compounds. Moreover, in some cases specific metabolic pathways in microorganisms are used, resulting in the development of microbial sensors for the more selective analysis for those compounds or pollutants, which cannot be measured by simple enzyme reactions, e.g., the determination of aromatic compounds and heavy metals. This chapter gives an overview of microbiological biosensors on respiratory basis for the measurement of the following environmentally relevant compounds: inorganic N-compounds, heavy metals, organic xenobiotics and the estimation of sum parameters or so-called complex parameters such as BOD, ADOC, N-BOD, and the inhibition of nitrification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Klaus Riedel
- Institut für Pflanzengenetik und Kulturpflanzenforschung, Gatersleben, Germany
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Dubey RS, Upadhyay SN. Microbial corrosion monitoring by an amperometric microbial biosensor developed using whole cell of Pseudomonas sp. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:995-1000. [PMID: 11679280 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(01)00203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A microbial biosensor was developed for monitoring microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metallic materials in industrial systems. The Pseudomonas sp. isolated from corroded metal surface was immobilized on acetylcellulose membrane and its respiratory activity was estimated by measuring oxygen consumption. The microbial biosensor was used for the measurement of sulfuric acid in a batch culture medium contaminated by microorganisms. A linear relationship between the microbial sensor response and the concentration of sulfuric acid was observed. The response time of biosensor was 5 min and was dependent on the immobilized cell loading of Pseudomonas sp., pH, temperature and corrosive environments. The microbial biosensor response was stable, reproducible and specific for sensing of sulfur oxidizing bacterial activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- R S Dubey
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Technology, Centre of Advanced Study, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
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Abstract
A microbial biosensor consists of a transducer in conjunction with immobilised viable or non-viable microbial cells. Non-viable cells obtained after permeabilisation or whole cells containing periplasmic enzymes have mostly been used as an economical substitute for enzymes. Viable cells make use of the respiratory and metabolic functions of the cell, the analyte to be monitored being either a substrate or an inhibitor of these processes. Bioluminescence-based microbial biosensors have also been developed using genetically engineered microorganisms constructed by fusing the lux gene with an inducible gene promoter for toxicity and bioavailability testing. In this review, some of the recent trends in microbial biosensors with reference to the advantages and limitations are been discussed. Some of the recent applications of microbial biosensors in environmental monitoring and for use in food, fermentation and allied fields have been reviewed. Prospective future microbial biosensor designs have also been identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- S F D'Souza
- Nuclear Agriculture and Biotechnology Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India.
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Reshetilov AN, Trotsenko JA, Morozova NO, Iliasov PV, Ashin VV. Characteristics of Gluconobacter oxydans B-1280 and Pichia methanolica MN4 cell based biosensors for detection of ethanol. Process Biochem 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(01)00141-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Ignatov SG, Ferguson JA, Walt DR. A fiber-optic lactate sensor based on bacterial cytoplasmic membranes. Biosens Bioelectron 2001; 16:109-13. [PMID: 11261845 DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(00)00144-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A new type of fiber-optic biosensor based on bacterial cytoplasmic membranes (CPM) as the biological recognition element and an oxygen sensitive dye layer as the transducer is described for the detection of lactate. CPMs from bacteria with an induced lactate oxidase system are adsorbed onto a cellulose disk. The disk is fixed mechanically over an oxygen sensitive siloxane layer on the distal end of an optical fiber. This system detects lactate with no interference from glucose, fructose or glutamic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Ignatov
- State Research Center for Applied Microbiology, Obolensk, Moscow Region, Russia
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Daunert S, Barrett G, Feliciano JS, Shetty RS, Shrestha S, Smith-Spencer W. Genetically engineered whole-cell sensing systems: coupling biological recognition with reporter genes. Chem Rev 2000; 100:2705-38. [PMID: 11749302 DOI: 10.1021/cr990115p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 339] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Daunert
- Department of Chemistry, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506-0055
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Smit J, Sherwood CS, Turner RFB. Characterization of high density monolayers of the biofilm bacteriumCaulobacter crescentus: Evaluating prospects for developing immobilized cell bioreactors. Can J Microbiol 2000. [DOI: 10.1139/w99-145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Caulobacters are biofilm-forming members of the natural flora of soil and aquatic environments, which exhibit several characteristics that make them attractive for development of high surface area microbial bioreactors or biosensors. Although caulobacters are well characterized genetically, little is known about their biofilm-forming characteristics as a monoculture, or their tolerance of bioreactor-like conditions. Here we investigated the ability of caulobacters to spontaneously form high-density monolayers on artificial surfaces under a variety of environmental conditions, using phase contrast image analysis to assess biofilm density, and epifluorescence with the vital stain DiBAC(tm) to assess viability. With adequate nutrition, extremely dense monolayers formed within 24-48 h, and maintained near 100% viability in experiments ranging up to 22 days. When areas were abraded to remove cells, repopulation occurred rapidly with characteristics similar to the population of a clean surface. When established monolayers were starved for nutrients, a significant fraction of the cells detached from the surface, and cells remaining on the surface no longer tested as viable. Within 4-6 h of nutrient restoration, however, cells in the monolayer again appeared normal and tested as 100% viable. This is the first demonstration that Caulobacter crescentus is stable and amenable to high density monolayer growth and resists starvation, though some cells may express a programmed response to detach from the surface under severe nutrient limitation.Key words: Caulobacter crescentus, biofilm characterization, image analysis, phase contrast, epifluorescence, vital stains.
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Taranova LA, Semenchuk IN, Il’yasov PV, Reshetilov AN. Effects ofPseudomonas rathonis T cultivation conditions on the functional performance of a biosensor for anionic surfactants. APPL BIOCHEM MICRO+ 2000. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02737915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Reshetilov A, Iliasov P, Filonov A, Gayazov R, Kosheleva I, Boronin A. Pseudomonas putida as a receptor element of microbial sensor for naphthalene detection. Process Biochem 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0032-9592(96)00106-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reshetilov AN, Semenchuk IN, Iliasov PV, Taranova LA. The amperometric biosensor for detection of sodium dodecyl sulfate. Anal Chim Acta 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0003-2670(97)00071-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Reshetilov AN, Iliasov PV, Donova MV, Dovbnya DV, Boronin AM, Leathers TD, Greene RV. Evaluation of a Gluconobacter oxydans whole cell biosensor for amperometric detection of xylose. Biosens Bioelectron 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0956-5663(97)85342-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Reshetilov AN, Donova MV, Dovbnya DV, Boronin AM, Leathers TD, Greene RV. FET-microbial sensor for xylose detection based on Gluconobacter oxydans cells. Biosens Bioelectron 1996; 11:401-8. [PMID: 8746186 DOI: 10.1016/0956-5663(96)82735-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A potentiometric biosensor for xylose was devised utilizing Gluconobacter oxydans whole cells. Immobilization methods based on physical adsorption were used for G. oxydans cells and extracellular pH changes resulting from xylose dehydrogenation were monitored by a field effect transistor (FET). The G. oxydans, FET-based sensor detected xylose at a lower limit of 0.5 mM. From 5.0 to 30 mM xylose, the response of the sensor was linear. Expectedly, output signals were significantly suppressed by buffer (Tris-HCl). Responses were essentially stable for at least four weeks of storage and showed only a slight loss of initial xylose sensitivity. Xylitol exerted an insignificant influence on the sensor's response to xylose. However, the response to glucose was 5 times higher in relation to that of xylose at the same concentration (1 mM). For xylose determinations in the presence of glucose, a two-step assay is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A N Reshetilov
- Institute of Biochemistry and Physiology of Microorganisms, Russian Academy of Sciences, Puschino, Moscow Region, Russia
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Abstract
A review of the major types of biological molecules and systems (including antibodies, enzymes and whole cells) on which biosensors can be based is presented. Specific emphasis is placed on a critical assessment of the relative strengths and weaknesses of the respective technologies and on analysis of the importance of practical considerations such as sample interference, signal-to-noise ratio and biomolecule stability. The importance of efficient coupling of the biological and transducer components of a biosensor is highlighted. Future trends and directions in biosensor research and commercial aspects of the technology are also discussed. The article concludes with a summary of current biosensor research activities at the GEC-Marconi Hirst Research Centre.
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Abstract
Biosensors have been extensively studied during the last 20 years, and a myriad of laboratory biosensors have been developed. Improvements are required in biosensor design and performance before they become widely accepted in industrial process monitoring. However, as the biotechnology industry expands, biosensors may become more acceptable because, despite their limitations, they are the only devices capable of delivering the information required.
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Affiliation(s)
- S L Brooks
- Biotechnology Centre, Cranfield Institute of Technology, Bedfordshire, UK
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Biochemical fundamentals and improvement of the selectivity of microbial sensors - a minireview. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0302-4598(91)87016-a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Biochemical fundamentals and improvement of the selectivity of microbial sensors — a minireview. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-0728(91)85577-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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