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Lin Z, Yang G, Zhang M, Yang R, Wang Y, Guo P, Zhang J, Wang C, Liu Q, Gao Y. Dietary Supplementation of Mixed Organic Acids Improves Growth Performance, Immunity, and Antioxidant Capacity and Maintains the Intestinal Barrier of Ira Rabbits. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3140. [PMID: 37835746 PMCID: PMC10571528 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of mixed organic acids (MOAs) on growth performance, immunity, antioxidants, intestinal digestion, and barrier function in Ira rabbits. A total of 192 weaned male Ira rabbits at 35 days of age were randomly assigned to four groups with six replicates of eight rabbits each. The rabbits in the control group (CON) were fed a basal diet, and the antibiotic group (SAL) was fed a basal diet supplemented with 60 mg/kg salinomycin. The test groups were fed a basal diet supplemented with 1000 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg MOAs (MOA1 and MOA2, respectively). The experiment lasted for 55 days. The results showed that the ADG of Ira rabbits in the SAL group and MOA1 group was higher than that in the CON group (p < 0.05). The serum IL-6 and liver MDA levels of Ira rabbits in the SAL group, MOA1 group, and MOA2 group were lower than those in the CON group (p < 0.05). In addition, sIgA levels in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits in the SAL group and MOA1 group were increased compared with those in the CON group (p < 0.05). Compared with the CON group, the gene expression of IL-6 was decreased (p < 0.05) in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits in the SAL, MOA1, and MOA2 groups, while the gene expression of IL-1β tended to decrease (p = 0.077) and the IL-10 content tended to increase (p = 0.062). Moreover, the gene expression of ZO-1 in the jejunal mucosa of Ira rabbits was elevated in the MOA1 group compared with the CON group (p < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation with MOAs can improve growth performance, enhance immune function and antioxidant capacity, and maintain the intestinal barrier in weaned Ira rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Qinghua Liu
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.L.); (G.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.G.); (J.Z.); (C.W.)
| | - Yuyun Gao
- College of Animal Sciences (College of Bee Science), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (Z.L.); (G.Y.); (M.Z.); (R.Y.); (Y.W.); (P.G.); (J.Z.); (C.W.)
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Addition of a protected complex of biofactors and antioxidants to breeder hen diets confers transgenerational protection against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in progeny chicks. Poult Sci 2023; 102:102531. [PMID: 36805406 PMCID: PMC9958073 DOI: 10.1016/j.psj.2023.102531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Revised: 12/29/2022] [Accepted: 01/19/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Addition of vitamins and antioxidants has been long associated with increased immunity and are commonly used in the poultry industry; however, less is known regarding their use in broiler breeder hens. The objective of this study was to determine if feeding a complex of protected biofactors and antioxidants composed of vitamins and fermentation extracts to broiler breeder hens conferred resistance against Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) in the progeny chicks. Three-day-old chicks from control- and supplement-fed hens were challenged with S. Enteritidis and necropsied 4- and 11-days postchallenge (dpc) to determine if there were differences in invasion and colonization. Serum and jejunum were evaluated for various cytokine and chemokine production. Fewer (P = 0.002) chicks from supplement-fed hens had detectable S. Enteritidis in the ceca (32.6%) compared to chicks from control-fed hens (64%). By 11 dpc, significantly (P < 0.001) fewer chicks from supplement-fed hens were positive for S. Enteritidis (liver [36%]; ceca [16%]) compared to chicks from the control hens (liver [76%]; ceca [76%]). The recoverable S. Enteritidis in the cecal content was also lower (P = 0.01) at 11 dpc. In additional to the differences in invasion and colonization, cytokine and chemokine production were distinct between the 2 groups of chicks. Chicks from supplement-fed hens had increased production of IL-16, IL-6, MIP-3α, and RANTES in the jejunum while IL-16 and MIP-1β were higher in the serum of chicks from the control-fed hens. By 11 dpc, production of IFN-γ was decreased in the jejunum of chicks from supplement-fed hens. Collectively, these data demonstrate adding a protected complex of biofactors and antioxidants to the diet of broiler breeder hens offers a measure of transgenerational protection to the progeny against S. Enteritidis infection and reduces colonization that is mediated, in part, by a robust and distinct cytokine and chemokine response locally at the intestine and systemically in the blood.
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Chen J, Xia Y, Hu Y, Zhao X, You J, Zou T. A blend of formic acid, benzoic acid, and tributyrin alleviates ETEC K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota in a murine model. Int Immunopharmacol 2023; 114:109538. [PMID: 36502593 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2022.109538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 11/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effects of an organic acid (OA) blend on intestinal barrier function, intestinal inflammation, and gut microbiota in mice challenged with enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli K88 (ETEC K88). Ninety female Kunming mice (7 weeks old) were randomly allotted to five treatments with six replicates per treatment and three mice per replicate. The five treatments were composed of the non-ETEC K88 challenge group and ETEC K88 challenge + OA blend groups (0, 0.6 %, 1.2 %, and 2.4 % OA blend). The OA blend consisted of 47.5 % formic acid, 47.5 % benzoic acid, and 5 % tributyrin. The feeding trial lasted for 15 days, and mice were intraperitoneally injected with PBS or ETEC K88 solution on day 15. At 24 h post-challenge, one mouse per replicate was selected for sample collection. The results showed that a dosage of 0.6 % OA blend alleviated the ETEC K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction, as indicated by the elevated villus height and the ratio of villus height to crypt depth of jejunum, and the reduced serum diamine oxidase (DAO) and D-lactate levels, as well as the up-regulated mRNA levels of ZO-1, Claudin-1, and Occludin in jejunum mucosa of mice. Furthermore, dietary addition with 0.6 % OA blend decreased ETEC K88-induced inflammation response, as suggested by the decreased TNF-α and IL-6 levels, and the increased IgA level in the serum, as well as the down-regulated mRNA level of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, TLR-4, MyD88, and MCP-1 in jejunum mucosa of mice. Regarding gut microbiota, the beta-diversity analysis revealed a remarkable clustering between the 0.6 % OA blend group and the ETEC K88 challenge group. Supplementation of 0.6 % OA blend decreased the relative abundance of Firmicutes, and increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, Desulfobacterota, and Verrucomicrobiota of colonic digesta in mice. Also, the butyric acid content in the colonic digesta of mice was increased by dietary 0.6 % OA blend supplementation. Collectively, a dosage of 0.6 % OA blend could alleviate the ETEC K88-induced intestinal barrier dysfunction by regulating intestinal inflammation and gut microbiota of mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Chen
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Yingying Xia
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Youjun Hu
- Guangdong Nuacid Biotech Co., Ltd, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Xiaolan Zhao
- Guangdong Nuacid Biotech Co., Ltd, Qingyuan 511500, China
| | - Jinming You
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China
| | - Tiande Zou
- Jiangxi Province Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China; Jiangxi Province Key Innovation Center of Integration in Production and Education for High-quality and Safe Livestock and Poultry, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045, China.
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Correa F, Luise D, Castillo M, Peris S, Palomo-Yague A, Bosi P, Trevisi P. Effect of dietary supplementation with a blend of protected aromatic compounds, including benzoic acid, on growth performance and faecal microbial profile of weaned piglets as an alternative to Zinc Oxide. Livest Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2021.104455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Effects of phytase and benzoic acid supplementation on growth performance, nutrient digestibility, tibia mineralization and serum traits in male broiler chickens. Livest Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.livsci.2020.104258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Karami M, Karimi A, Sadeghi A, Zentek J, Goodarzi Boroojeni F. Evaluation of interactive effects of phytase and benzoic acid supplementation on performance, nutrients digestibility, tibia mineralisation, gut morphology and serum traits in male broiler chickens. ITALIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/1828051x.2020.1846468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Karami
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Ahmad Karimi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Amirali Sadeghi
- Department of Animal Science, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Kurdistan, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Jürgen Zentek
- Fachbereich Veterinärme, Institut für Tierernährung, Free University of Berlin, Berline, Germany
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Feye KM, Swaggerty CL, Kogut MH, Ricke SC, Piva A, Grilli E. The biological effects of microencapsulated organic acids and botanicals induces tissue-specific and dose-dependent changes to the Gallus gallus microbiota. BMC Microbiol 2020; 20:332. [PMID: 33138790 PMCID: PMC7607615 DOI: 10.1186/s12866-020-02001-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Microencapsulated organic acids and botanicals have the potential to develop into important tools for the poultry industry. A blend of organic acids and botanicals (AviPlus®P) has previously shown to reduce Salmonella and Campylobacter in chickens; however, changes to the microbiota of the jejunum and ileum have not been evaluated. Microbiota diversity is linked to, but not correlated with, the efficacy of natural products; therefore, understanding the effects on the microbiota is necessary for evaluating their potential as an antibiotic alternative. Results Ileal and jejunal segments from control and supplement-fed chickens (300 and 500 g/metric ton [MT]) were subjected to alpha diversity analysis including Shannon’s diversity and Pielou’s Evenness. In both analytics, the diversity in the ileum was significantly decreased compared to the jejunum irrespective of treatment. Similarly, beta diversity metrics including Bray-Curtis dissimilarity index and Weighted Unifrac Distance Matrix, were significant (Q < 0.05) for both tissue and treatments comparisons. Alpha and beta diversity analytics indicated compartmentalization effects between the ileum and jejunum. Additionally, analysis of communities in the microbiota (ANCOM) analysis showed Lactobacilliaceae predominated the total operational taxonomic units (OTU), with a stepwise increase from 53% in the no treatment control (NTC) to 56% in the 300 g/MT and 67% in the 500 g/MT group. Staphylococcaceae were 2% in NTC and 2 and 0% in 300 and 500 g/MT groups. Enterobacteriaceae decreased in the 500 g/MT (31%) and increased in the 300 g/MT (37%) compared to the NTC (35%). Aerococcaceae was 0% for both doses and 7% in NTC. Ruminococcaceae were 0% in NTC and 2 and 1% in the 300 and 500 g/MT. These changes in the microbial consortia were statistically (Q < 0.05) associated with treatment groups in the jejunum that were not observed in the ileum. Least discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSE) indicated different changes directly corresponding to treatment. Enterobacteriaceae demonstrated a stepwise decrease (from NTC onward) while Clostridiaceae, were significantly increased in the 500 g/MT compared to NTC and 300 g/MT (P < 0.05). Conclusion The bioactive site for the microencapsulated blend of organic acids and botanicals was the jejunum, and dietary inclusion enhanced the GIT microbiota and may be a viable antibiotic alternative for the poultry industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristina M Feye
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Christina L Swaggerty
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA.
| | - Michael H Kogut
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Southern Plains Agricultural Research Service, 2881 F and B Road, College Station, TX, 77845, USA
| | - Steven C Ricke
- Meat Science & Animal Biologics Discovery Program, Department of Animal and Dairy Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea Piva
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Vetagro S.p.A, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Ester Grilli
- DIMEVET, University of Bologna, Ozzano Emilia, Bologna, Italy.,Vetagro Inc., Chicago, IL, USA
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Hu Y, Wang L, Shao D, Wang Q, Wu Y, Han Y, Shi S. Selectived and Reshaped Early Dominant Microbial Community in the Cecum With Similar Proportions and Better Homogenization and Species Diversity Due to Organic Acids as AGP Alternatives Mediate Their Effects on Broilers Growth. Front Microbiol 2020; 10:2948. [PMID: 31993028 PMCID: PMC6971172 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2019.02948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding the differences in microbial communities shaped by different food selective forces, especially during early post-hatch period, is critical to gain insight into how to select, evaluate, and improve antibiotic growth promoters (AGPs) alternatives in food animals. As a model system, commercial diet-administered OAs (DOAs) and water-administered OAs (WOAs) were used separately or in combination as Virginiamycin alternatives for broiler feeding during two growth phases: 1–21 days and 22–42 days. Among these three OA-treated groups, the DOA group was most similar to the AGP group in the composition and the proportion of these dominant bacterial communities at the level of phylum, family, and genus in cecal chyme of broilers. Sub-therapeutic Virginiamycin decreased the richness, homogenization, and species diversity of gut microbiota, especially in the early growth stage from days 1 to 21. Among these three OA supplementation schemes, it was clear that DOA supplementation was more likely to increase or maintain the richness, homogenization, species diversity, and predicted gene functions of cecal microbiota in treated broilers than either no supplementation or AGP supplementation during two experimental stages. The interference of DOA treatment with early colonization of probiotics and pathogens in broiler cecum was the most similar to AGP treatment, and OAs did not cause the occurrence of Virginiamycin-resistant strains of Enterococcus at the end of this trial. In terms of the predicted gene functions of the microbiota, AGP and DOA treatments provided a similar selective force for microbial metabolism functions in the cecum of broiler chickens, especially in the early growth stage. Noticeably, the relative abundance of some microbiome that was modified by Virginiamycin or DOA supplementation was significantly correlated with body weight gain and KEGG pathway analysis-annotated gene functions such as replication and repair, translation, nucleotide metabolism, and so on. With the comprehensive analysis of these results and practical application, shortened DOA supplementation, after optimization of the amount of addition, would be a suitable alternative to sub-therapeutic Virginiamycin. It was suggested that the programed intestinal microecology under such early selection forces and the effective addition time may be the key elements to focus on the designed alternate strategies of AGPs in food animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Hu
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive, Poultry Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
| | - Laidi Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive, Poultry Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| | - Dan Shao
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive, Poultry Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive, Poultry Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China
| | - Yuanyuan Wu
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Yanming Han
- Trouw Nutrition R&D, Amersfoort, Netherlands
| | - Shourong Shi
- Poultry Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Yangzhou, China.,Center of Effective Evaluation of Feed and Feed Additive, Poultry Institute, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangzhou, China.,Jiangsu Co-innovation Center for Prevention and Control of Important Animal Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Yangzhou, China
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Mousapour A, Salarmoini M, Afsharmanesh M, Ebrahimnejad H, Meimandipour A. Efficacy of Savory Essential Oil Utilization in Conventional and Encapsulated Forms on Performance of Broiler Chickens. BRAZILIAN JOURNAL OF POULTRY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1590/1806-9061-2020-1284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - A Meimandipour
- National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Iran
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Abstract
The use of food additives in food production is inevitable in this modern world. Although only a safe amount of food additives is approved, their safety has always been questioned. To our knowledge, the effects of food additives on microbiota have not been investigated in a detailed manner in the literature so far. In this review, the effects of artificial sweeteners, sugar alcohols, emulsifiers, food colorants, flavor enhancers, thickeners, anticaking agents, and preservatives on microbiota were reviewed. Even though most of the results illustrated negative outcomes, few of them showed positive effects of food additives on the microbiota. Although it is difficult to obtain exact results due to differences in experimental animals and models, said the findings suggest that nonnutritive synthetic sweeteners may lead to glucose intolerance by affecting microbiota and a part of sugar alcohols show similar effects like probiotics.
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Li M, Long S, Wang Q, Zhang L, Hu J, Yang J, Cheng Z, Piao X. Mixed organic acids improve nutrients digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high-fiber diet. ASIAN-AUSTRALASIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2018; 32:856-864. [PMID: 30381732 PMCID: PMC6498085 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.18.0517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Accepted: 10/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objective The objective of this study was to investigate effects of mixed organic acids (MOA) on nutrient digestibility, volatile fatty acids composition and intestinal microbiota in growing-finishing pigs fed high wheat bran diet. Methods Six crossbred barrows (Duroc×Landrace×Yorkshire), with an average body weight 78.8±4.21 kg, fitted with T-cannulas at the distal ileum, were allotted to a double 3×3 Latin square design with 3 periods and 3 diets. Each period consisted of a 5-d adjustment period followed by a 2-d total collection of feces and then a 2-d collection of ileal digesta. The dietary treatments included a corn-soybean-wheat bran basal diet (CTR), mixed organic acid 1 diet (MOA1; CTR+3,000 mg/kg OA1), mixed organic acid 2 diet (MOA2; CTR+2,000 mg/kg OA2). Results Pigs fed MOA (MOA1 or MOA2) showed improved (p<0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of gross energy, dry matter and organic matter, and pigs fed MOA2 had increased (p<0.05) ATTD of neutral detergent fiber compared to CTR. Dietary MOA supplementation decreased (p<0.05) pH value, and improved (p<0.01) concentrations of lactic acid and total volatile fatty acids (TVFA) in ileum compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA showed higher (p<0.05) concentration of acetic acid, and lower (p<0.05) content of formic acid in feces compared to CTR. Pigs fed MOA1 had increased (p<0.05) concentration of TVFA and butyric acid in feces. Pigs fed MOA1 showed higher concentration of Lactobacillus and lower concentration of Escherichia in feces compared to CTR. Conclusion Dietary supplementation of MOA 1 or 2 could improve nutrients digestibility, TVFA concentration and intestinal flora in growing-finishing pigs fed high fiber diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Shenfei Long
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Qianqian Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Lianhua Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jiangxu Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Yunnan Kuaidaduo Animal Husbandry Technology Co., LTD, Yuxi 653100, China
| | - Zhibin Cheng
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yunnan Agricultural University, Kunming 650000, China
| | - Xiangshu Piao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
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Iqbal Z, Roberts J, Perez-Maldonado RA, Goodarzi Boroojeni F, Swick RA, Ruhnke I. Pasture, multi-enzymes, benzoic acid and essential oils positively influence performance, intestinal organ weight and egg quality in free-range laying hens. Br Poult Sci 2018; 59:180-189. [PMID: 29130331 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2017.1403566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
1. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of range type, multi-enzyme applications, and a combination of benzoic acid (BA) and essential oils (EO) on the productive performance, organ weight and egg quality of free-range laying hens. 2. Three hundred laying hens were evaluated for the short-term (6 weeks) and long-term (12 weeks) effects of range type (G = no pasture, P = pasture) and feed additives (T1 = control; T2 = betaglucanase/pectinase/protease; T3 = BA/EO). Body weight, feed intake (FI), feed conversion ratio (FCR), egg production (EP), digestive organ weight, and egg quality (EQ) were evaluated. Data were analysed using SPSS 2.2 in a 2×2×3 factorial arrangement. 3. Hens that ranged on pasture were significantly heavier (2043 g vs. 1996 g; p < 0.001), laid heavier eggs (61.9 g vs. 60.3 g; p < 0.001) and produced darker yolk colour (4.3 vs. 7.0; p < 0.001) compared to hens ranged on gravel. Hens fed T2 were significantly heavier (2050 g) compared to hens fed T1 (2005 g) or T3 (2008 g). Organ weights (gizzard, liver and pancreas) were significantly heavier in hens ranged on pasture (16.8 g/kg BW, 22.3 g/kg BW and 1.89 g/kg BW, respectively) compared to hens ranged on gravel (14.2 g/kg BW, 21.7 g/kg BW and 1.83 g/kg BW, respectively). Over time, body weight (1970-2070 g; p < 0.001) and egg weight (59.5-62.8 g; p < 0.001) increased, FI (123-120 g; p = 0.024) was reduced and FCR (2.36-2.10; p = 0.002) improved 4. In conclusion, hens housed on pasture and fed multi-enzyme supplemented diets had significantly heavier body weight and produced heavier eggs with darker yolk colour. Pasture intake and enzyme supplementation increased digestive organ weight significantly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Iqbal
- a School of Environmental and Rural Science, Department of Animal Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - J Roberts
- a School of Environmental and Rural Science, Department of Animal Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | | | - F Goodarzi Boroojeni
- c Department of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Animal Nutrition , Freie Universität , Berlin , Germany
| | - R A Swick
- a School of Environmental and Rural Science, Department of Animal Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
| | - I Ruhnke
- a School of Environmental and Rural Science, Department of Animal Science , University of New England , Armidale , Australia
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