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Romero-Lebrón E, Fernández-Monescillo M, Matushkina N, Delclòs X, Gleiser RM. Damselflies (Coenagrionidae) have been avoiding leaf veins during oviposition for at least 52 million years. iScience 2023; 26:106865. [PMID: 37250779 PMCID: PMC10220475 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Plant-insect interactions can provide extremely valuable information for reconstructing the oviposition behavior. We have studied about 1350 endophytic egg traces of coenagrionid damselflies (Odonata: Zygoptera) from the Eocene, identifying triangular or drop-shaped scars associated with them. This study aims to determine the origin of these scars. Our behavioral study of about 1,800 endophytic eggs from recent coenagrionids indicates that these scars were caused by ovipositor incisions, but without egg insertion. The scar correlates (χ2-test) with leaf veins in both fossil and extant species. We infer that a female would detect the proximity of a leaf vein and avoid egg-laying, generating a scar that also fossilizes. For the first time, a scar produced by the ovipositor has been identified, indicating the existence of undesirable areas for oviposition. Accordingly, we recognize that Coenagrionidae damselflies (narrow-winged damselflies or pond damselflies) have been avoiding leaf veins for at least 52 million years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Romero-Lebrón
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) – CONICET. IMBIV: Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (CREAN). Av. Valparaíso s/n, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Marcos Fernández-Monescillo
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Cátedra y Museo de Paleontología, Vélez Sarsfield 1611, Córdoba X5016GCA, Argentina
| | - Natalia Matushkina
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv, Volodymyrska, 64/13, 01601 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Xavier Delclòs
- Departament de Dinàmica de la Terra iel Oceà, Facultat de Ciències de la Terra, Universitat de Barcelona, Martí i Franquès s/n, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
- Institut de Recerca de la Biodiversitat. Universitat de Barcelona, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Raquel M. Gleiser
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba (UNC) – CONICET. IMBIV: Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal. Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (CREAN). Av. Valparaíso s/n, Córdoba 5016, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
- Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales, Departamento de Diversidad Biológica y Ecología. Av. Vélez Sársfield 299, Córdoba 5000, Argentina
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Archibald SB, Ware JL, Rasmussen JA, Sylvestersen RL, Olsen K, Simonsen TJ. The damselfly genus Furagrion Petrulevičius et al. (Odonata, Zygoptera) from the early Eocene Fur Formation of Denmark and the dysagrionoid grade. Zootaxa 2023; 5278:289-317. [PMID: 37518283 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.5278.2.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
The earliest Eocene odonate genus Furagrion Petrulevičius et al. from the Danish Fur Formation is revised based on eighteen specimens, two of which apparently have been lost since their publication. The holotype of Phenacolestes jutlandicus Henriksen, type species of Furagrion, is incomplete and lacks the characters currently used to differentiate species, genera and higher taxa in Odonata. We, therefore, propose that the holotype is set aside and a recently discovered nearly complete Fur Formation fossil is designated as neotype. Furagrion possesses all of the nine wing character states currently used along with head shape for diagnosing the Dysagrionidae; however, Furagrion has a characteristically zygopteran head, not the distinctive head shape of the suborder Cephalozygoptera. We, therefore, treat it as a zygopteran unassigned to family. These nine wing character states appear in different combinations not only in various Zygoptera and Cephalozygoptera, but also in the Frenguelliidae, an Eocene family of Argentina that may represent an unnamed suborder. We recognise these taxa as constituting a dysagrionoid grade, in which these character states appear either convergently or as symplesiomorphies. Furagrion morsi Zessin is synonymized with Phenacolestes jutlandicus Henriksen, syn. nov. and Morsagrion Zessin with Furagrion Petrulevičius, Wappler, Wedmann, Rust, and Nel, syn. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bruce Archibald
- Beaty Biodiversity Museum; University of British Columbia; Vancouver; British Columbia; Canada; Museum of Comparative Zoology; 26 Oxford Street; Cambridge; Massachusetts; 02138; United States of America.
| | - Jessica L Ware
- Division of Invertebrate Zoology; American Museum of Natural History; New York; New York; 10024; United States of America.
| | - Jan A Rasmussen
- Museum Mors; Skarrehagevej 8; DK-7950 Nykøbing Mors; Denmark; Natural History Museum of Denmark; Øster Voldgade 5-7; DK-1350 Copenhagen K; Denmark.
| | | | - Kent Olsen
- Natural History Museum Aarhus; Wilhelm Meyers Allé 10; Aarhus; DK-8000 Aarhus C; Denmark.
| | - Thomas J Simonsen
- Natural History Museum Aarhus; Wilhelm Meyers Allé 10; Aarhus; DK-8000 Aarhus C; Denmark.
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Romero-Lebrón E, Gleiser RM, Petrulevičius JF. Geometric morphometrics of endophytic oviposition traces of Odonata (Eocene, Argentina). ROYAL SOCIETY OPEN SCIENCE 2020; 7:201126. [PMID: 33489268 PMCID: PMC7813221 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.201126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The insertion of the Odonata ovipositor in the plant tissue generates a scar that surrounds the eggs (trace). In insects, individual egg traces are known to vary in size, but their variation in individual shape is mostly unknown. Twenty-four specimens were obtained from the Laguna del Hunco (Lower Eocene, Chubut) and Río Pichileufú (Middle Eocene, Río Negro), Argentina, which had 1346 oviposition traces (MEF Collection). For the first time, a study of the shape and size of a large number of individual Odonata endophytic egg traces was carried out using traditional (general and mixed linear models) and geometric morphometrics (Fourier elliptical series) to elucidate whether there are changes in size or shape of the individual endophytic egg traces associated with the substrate used at the time of oviposition, if the Lower Eocene traces have varied in relation to those of the Middle Eocene, and if the ichnological classification (Paleoovoidus arcuatus, P. bifurcatus and P. rectus) reflects such variations. We found differences in size (p < 0.05), but not in shape, in relation to the variables studied. This could reflect that the shape of Odonata eggs (inferred from the traces), unlike their size, could have a strong evolutionary constraint already observed since the Eocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenia Romero-Lebrón
- Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (IMBIV, UNC-CONICET), 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Raquel M. Gleiser
- Centro de Relevamiento y Evaluación de Recursos Agrícolas y Naturales (IMBIV, UNC-CONICET), 5000 Córdoba, Argentina
| | - Julián F. Petrulevičius
- División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo (UNLP), and CONICET, 1900 La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Nicholson DB, Mayhew PJ, Ross AJ. Changes to the Fossil Record of Insects through Fifteen Years of Discovery. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0128554. [PMID: 26176667 PMCID: PMC4503423 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/28/2015] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The first and last occurrences of hexapod families in the fossil record are compiled from publications up to end-2009. The major features of these data are compared with those of previous datasets (1993 and 1994). About a third of families (>400) are new to the fossil record since 1994, over half of the earlier, existing families have experienced changes in their known stratigraphic range and only about ten percent have unchanged ranges. Despite these significant additions to knowledge, the broad pattern of described richness through time remains similar, with described richness increasing steadily through geological history and a shift in dominant taxa, from Palaeoptera and Polyneoptera to Paraneoptera and Holometabola, after the Palaeozoic. However, after detrending, described richness is not well correlated with the earlier datasets, indicating significant changes in shorter-term patterns. There is reduced Palaeozoic richness, peaking at a different time, and a less pronounced Permian decline. A pronounced Triassic peak and decline is shown, and the plateau from the mid Early Cretaceous to the end of the period remains, albeit at substantially higher richness compared to earlier datasets. Origination and extinction rates are broadly similar to before, with a broad decline in both through time but episodic peaks, including end-Permian turnover. Origination more consistently exceeds extinction compared to previous datasets and exceptions are mainly in the Palaeozoic. These changes suggest that some inferences about causal mechanisms in insect macroevolution are likely to differ as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- David B. Nicholson
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - Peter J. Mayhew
- Department of Biology, University of York, York, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J. Ross
- Department of Natural Sciences, National Museum of Scotland, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
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Petrulevičius JF, Popov YA. First fossil record of Discocephalinae (Insecta, Pentatomidae): a new genus from the middle Eocene of Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina. Zookeys 2014; 422:23-33. [PMID: 25061387 PMCID: PMC4109444 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.422.6750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2013] [Accepted: 05/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
A new genus and species of Discocephalini, Acanthocephalonotum martinsnetoi gen. n. et sp. n. is described from Río Pichileufú, middle Eocene of Patagonia, Argentina at palaeolatitude ~ 46°S. The new species is the first fossil representative of the Discocephalinae. This taxon is extant in equatorial to subtropical America, and some species reach warm temperate latitudes (Buenos Aires province). The new genus is distinguished from the other genera of Discocephalini by the combination of these characters: interocular width greater than head length; head massive and quadrangular with the anterior margin almost straight; juga touching each other; labrum thick and curved; triangular ante-ocular process extending beyond the eye; broad spine-like antero-lateral process of the pronotum; pronotum explanate and bean shaped; scutellum triangular with a circular tongue reaching the anterior side of abdominal segment 7; and wings well developed with membrane just surpassing end of abdomen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián F. Petrulevičius
- División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, Paseo del Bosque s/n, La Plata (1900), and CONICET, Argentina
| | - Yuri A. Popov
- Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya str. 123, 117997 Moscow, Russia
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Petrulevičius JF, Wappler T, Nel A, Rust J. The diversity of Odonata and their endophytic ovipositions from the Upper Oligocene Fossillagerstätte of Rott (Rhineland, Germany). Zookeys 2011; 130:67-89. [PMID: 22259267 PMCID: PMC3260750 DOI: 10.3897/zookeys.130.1441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2011] [Accepted: 06/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A commented list of fossil Odonata from the Oligocene outcrop of Rott is given, together with descriptions of new traces of oviposition in plant tissues, very similar to ichnotaxa already known from the early Eocene Laguna del Hunco floras of Patagonia. The joint presences of odonatan larvae and traces of oviposition demonstrate the autochthony of these insects in the palaeolake of Rott, confirming the existence of a diverse and abundant aquatic entomofauna, a situation strikingly different to that in the contemporaneous Oligocene palaeolake of Céreste (France).
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Affiliation(s)
- Julián F. Petrulevičius
- CONICET-Museo de La Plata-UNLP, División Paleozoología Invertebrados, Paseo del Bosque, s/n, 1900 La Plata, Argentina
| | - Torsten Wappler
- Steinmann Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie, Paläontologie, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - André Nel
- CNRS UMR 7205, Muséum National d’Histoire Naturelle, CP 50, Entomologie, 45 rue Buffon, F-75005 Paris, France
| | - Jes Rust
- Steinmann Institut für Geologie, Mineralogie, Paläontologie, Universität Bonn, Nussallee 8, 53115 Bonn, Germany
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Wilf P, Little SA, Iglesias A, Del Carmen Zamaloa M, Gandolfo MA, Cúneo NR, Johnson KR. Papuacedrus (Cupressaceae) in Eocene Patagonia: A new fossil link to Australasian rainforests. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY 2009; 96:2031-2047. [PMID: 21622323 DOI: 10.3732/ajb.0900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The 51.9 Ma Laguna del Hunco (LH) and 47.5 Ma Río Pichileufú (RP) floras from Patagonia, Argentina are unusually rich, angiosperm-dominated assemblages with living relatives in the low-latitude West Pacific, neotropics, and temperate southern latitudes. The diverse gymnosperms in these floras are important for Gondwanan biogeographic history and paleoclimatic interpretations. "Libocedrus" prechilensis Berry 1938 (Cupressaceae), previously known only from the holotype (RP), a vegetative branch, is revised here based on new material from both localities, including a seed cone attached to a shoot with cuticle (LH). Characters of these fossils are diagnostic of monotypic Papuacedrus (highlands of New Guinea and Moluccas). Living P. papuana is most abundant in cloud forests receiving up to 4 m rainfall annually, whereas Austrocedrus (Libocedrus) chilensis, the basis of comparison when the fossil species was named, inhabits dry, cold steppe margins to mediterranean climates in southern South America. We establish Papuacedrus prechilensis comb. nov., which simultaneously invalidates a southern South American connection for the fossil floras and reveals a link to West Pacific montane rainforests. Combined evidence indicates a biome similar to extant subtropical, or tropical montane, rainforests that persisted for at least 4.4 Myr, linking elevated floral richness to abundant rainfall.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wilf
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802 USA
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LAK MALVINA, FLECK GÜNTHER, AZAR DANY, ENGEL FLS MICHAELS, KADDUMI HANIF, NERAUDEAU DIDIER, TAFFOREAU PAUL, NEL ANDRÉ. Phase contrast X-ray synchrotron microtomography and the oldest damselflies in amber (Odonata: Zygoptera: Hemiphlebiidae). Zool J Linn Soc 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1096-3642.2008.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Wilf P, Labandeira CC, Johnson KR, Cúneo NR. Richness of plant-insect associations in Eocene Patagonia: a legacy for South American biodiversity. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:8944-8. [PMID: 15956213 PMCID: PMC1157024 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0500516102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
South America has some of the most diverse floras and insect faunas that are known, but its Cenozoic fossil record of insects and insect herbivory is sparse. We quantified insect feeding on 3,599 leaves from the speciose Laguna del Hunco flora (Chubut, Argentina), which dates to the early Eocene climatic optimum (52 million years ago) and compared the results with three well preserved, rich, and identically analyzed early- and middle-Eocene floras from the following sites in North America: Republic, WA; Green River, UT; and Sourdough, WY. We found significantly more damage diversity at Laguna del Hunco than in the North American floras, whether measured on bulk collections or on individual plant species, for both damage morphotypes and feeding groups. An ancient history of rich, specialized plant-insect associations on diverse plant lineages in warm climates may be a major factor contributing to the current biodiversity of South America.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wilf
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Wilf P, Johnson KR, Cúneo NR, Smith ME, Singer BS, Gandolfo MA. Eocene Plant Diversity at Laguna del Hunco and Río Pichileufú, Patagonia, Argentina. Am Nat 2005; 165:634-50. [PMID: 15937744 DOI: 10.1086/430055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 02/09/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
The origins of South America's exceptional plant diversity are poorly known from the fossil record. We report on unbiased quantitative collections of fossil floras from Laguna del Hunco (LH) and Río Pichileufú (RP) in Patagonia, Argentina. These sites represent a frost-free humid biome in South American middle latitudes of the globally warm Eocene. At LH, from 4,303 identified specimens, we recognize 186 species of plant organs and 152 species of leaves. Adjusted for sample size, the LH flora is more diverse than comparable Eocene floras known from other continents. The RP flora shares several taxa with LH and appears to be as rich, although sampling is preliminary. The two floras were previously considered coeval. However, (40)Ar/(39)Ar dating of three ash-fall tuff beds in close stratigraphic association with the RP flora indicates an age of 47.46+/-0.05 Ma, 4.5 million years younger than LH, for which one tuff is reanalyzed here as 51.91+/-0.22 Ma. Thus, diverse floral associations in Patagonia evolved by the Eocene, possibly in response to global warming, and were persistent and areally extensive. This suggests extraordinary richness at low latitudes via the latitudinal diversity gradient, corroborated by published palynological data from the Eocene of Colombia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Wilf
- Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
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