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Nuclear data for light charged particle induced production of emerging medical radionuclides. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Whatever the radionuclide to be used in nuclear medicine, it is essential to know the expected yield during the production process, but also of all the possible radionuclidic impurities coproduced, that can have an impact on the product final quality, as well as in the related waste management. The availability of the majority of emerging radioisotopes, including the theranostic ones or pairs, is mainly limited by the fact that, for most of them, the optimal production route still needs to be strengthened if not defined in some cases. The aim of this work is to present a review on the charged particle induced nuclear cross sections to produce some emerging radionuclides for medical applications to show that all types of projectiles should be considered in the quest of producing medical radionuclides. An accurate analysis of the production routes is presented for some radionuclides (67Cu, 47Sc, 89Zr, 103Pd, 186gRe, 97Ru, 211At) chosen as examples to highlight (i) how the quality of the final product strongly depends on the chosen target/projectile/energy parameters set, (ii) how deuteron production routes may sometimes be more effective than the proton ones or lead to a different impurity profile and (iii) how α-particle beams may allow to bypass the limitations occurring when using Z = 1 beams. An overview of possible advantages and drawbacks of the cited production routes and of potential cross sections that still need to be measured, is also reported.
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An overview of nuclear data standardisation work for accelerator-based production of medical radionuclides in Pakistan. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/ract-2022-0012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
The standardisation of nuclear reaction cross section data is an integral part of optimisation of production routes of medical radionuclides. The production cross sections are available for the reactor and cyclotron produced radionuclides to be used for diagnostics or therapeutic procedures. The types of nuclear data needed, and the sources of their availability are summarized. The method of standardisation of charged-particle data is briefly described. A historical overview of research work in Pakistan in this direction is given. Examples of a few medically important radionuclides, such as 64Cu, 86Y, 89Zr, 103Pd, 186Re, etc., whose data were standardised and evaluated are highlighted. Calculated thick target yields from the recommended data are given. Some new directions in the nuclear data research are outlined.
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Upgrade of recommended nuclear cross section data base for production of therapeutic radionuclides. J Radioanal Nucl Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10967-022-08189-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
AbstractThe IAEA Nuclear Data Section has coordinated several actions to setup and improve a database for recommended cross sections and nuclear decay data for various charged-particle reactions that can be used for medical radionuclide production. Some of the earlier evaluations did not provide uncertainties for the recommended cross sections. Updated evaluations with uncertainty quantification for 25 reactions relevant for production of 67Cu, 103Pd, 102mgRh, 114mIn, 125I, 169Yb, 177gLu, 186Re, 192Ir and 210,211At therapeutic radioisotopes are presented. Recommended cross-section data and their uncertainties for production of therapeutic radionuclides are available on the Web page of the IAEA Nuclear Data Section at https://nds.iaea.org/radionuclides and also at the IAEA medical portal https://nds.iaea.org/medportal.
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Khandaker MU, Nagatsu K, Minegishi K, Zhang MR, Jalilian AR, Bradley DA. Cyclotron production of no carrier added 186gRe radionuclide for theranostic applications. Appl Radiat Isot 2020; 166:109428. [PMID: 32979754 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2020.109428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
186gRe (T1/2 = 3.7183 d, E(β-)mean = 346.7 keV, I(β-)mean = 92.59%), a mixed beta and γ-emitter shows great potential for use in theranostic applications. The dominant 185Re(n,γ) route, via use of a nuclear reactor, provides 186gRe in carrier added form with low specific activity, while cyclotrons offer no carrier-added (NCA) high specific activity production of 186gRe. However, to be able to select the best possible nuclear reaction and to optimize the production route via the use of a cyclotron, information on the excitation function for the reaction of interest as well as for the competing reactions is necessary. Accordingly, we have conducted a detailed study of the excitation functions for natW(d, x) reactions in seeking optimized parameters for the NCA production of 186gRe. Noting a discrepancy among the experimental data, we made an evaluation of the available literature, finally selecting optimum parameters for the production of 186gRe via the 186W(d,2n)186Re reaction. These beam parameters were then used for batch production of 186gRe by irradiating an enriched 186W metallic powder target, followed by a subsequent automated chemical separation process. The preliminary results show 98.1% radionuclidic purity of 186gRe at 8 h subsequent to the End of Bombardment (EOB), offering the potential for use in clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayeen Uddin Khandaker
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia, & Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Kotaro Nagatsu
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan.
| | - Katsuyuki Minegishi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Ming-Rong Zhang
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Amir R Jalilian
- Department of Nuclear Science and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA), A- 1400 Vienna, Austria
| | - D A Bradley
- Centre for Biomedical Physics, School of Healthcare and Medical Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia, & Department of Physics, University of Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia; Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford, Surrey GU2 7XH, UK
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Ali SK, Khandaker MU, Kassim H. Evaluation of production cross-sections for 186 Re theranostic radionuclide via charged-particle induced reactions on Tungsten. Appl Radiat Isot 2018; 135:239-250. [DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2018.01.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Revised: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Qaim SM, Spahn I. Development of novel radionuclides for medical applications. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 2017; 61:126-140. [PMID: 29110328 DOI: 10.1002/jlcr.3578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Revised: 10/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Medical radionuclide production technology is well established. There is, however, a constant need for further development of radionuclides. The present efforts are mainly devoted to nonstandard positron emitters (eg, 64 Cu, 86 Y, 124 I, and 73 Se) and novel therapeutic radionuclides emitting low-range β- particles (eg, 67 Cu and 186 Re), conversion or Auger electrons (eg, 117m Sn and 77 Br), and α particles (eg, 225 Ac). A brief account of various aspects of development work (ie, nuclear data, targetry, chemical processing, and quality control) is given. For each radionuclide under consideration, the status of technology for clinical scale production is discussed. The increasing need of intermediate-energy multiple-particle accelerating cyclotrons is pointed out.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
| | - Ingo Spahn
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5: Nuklearchemie, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany
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Wang J, Tao X, Kang M, Huang X, Zhuang Y. Evaluation of excitation function for 186W(d,2n)186Re reaction. EPJ WEB OF CONFERENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.1051/epjconf/201714602022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Qaim SM. Nuclear data for production and medical application of radionuclides: Present status and future needs. Nucl Med Biol 2016; 44:31-49. [PMID: 27821344 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2016.08.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2016] [Revised: 08/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The significance of nuclear data in the choice and medical application of a radionuclide is considered: the decay data determine its suitability for organ imaging or internal therapy and the reaction cross section data allow optimisation of its production route. A brief discussion of reaction cross sections and yields is given. STANDARD RADIONUCLIDES The standard SPECT, PET and therapeutic radionuclides are enumerated and their decay and production data are considered. The status of nuclear data is generally good. Some existing discrepancies are outlined. A few promising alternative production routes of 99mTc and 68Ga are discussed. RESEARCH-ORIENTED RADIONUCLIDES The increasing significance of non-standard positron emitters in organ imaging and of low-energy highly-ionizing radiation emitters in internal therapy is discussed, their nuclear data are considered and a brief review of their status is presented. Some other related nuclear data issues are also mentioned. PRODUCTION OF RADIONUCLIDES USING NEWER TECHNOLOGIES The data needs arising from new directions in radionuclide applications (multimode imaging, theranostic approach, radionanoparticles, etc.) are considered. The future needs of data associated with possible utilization of newer irradiation technologies (intermediate energy cyclotron, high-intensity photon accelerator, spallation neutron source, etc.) are outlined. CONCLUSION Except for a few small discrepancies, the available nuclear data are sufficient for routine production and application of radionuclides. Considerable data needs exist for developing novel radionuclides for applications. The developing future technologies for radionuclide production will demand further data-related activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Syed M Qaim
- Institut für Neurowissenschaften und Medizin, INM-5 (Nuklearchemie), Forschungszentrum Jülich, D-52425 Jülich, Germany.
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Yiğit M, Tel E. A Systematic Study for Cross Sections on (d, 2n) Nuclear Reactions Between 11.57 and 18.91 MeV. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-016-0066-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Cross section measurements of deuteron induced nuclear reactions on natural tungsten up to 34 MeV. Appl Radiat Isot 2014; 97:52-58. [PMID: 25540909 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2014.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2014] [Revised: 11/04/2014] [Accepted: 12/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
(186g)Re is a β-/γ emitter of great interest for nuclear medicine. It has shown successful results on bone metastases palliation and has similar chemical properties as (99m)Tc, the most commonly used imaging agent. (186g)Re is routinely produced using rhenium target in nuclear reactor. Higher specific activity could be obtained using accelerators. In this paper, production cross section values are presented for the (nat)W(d,x)(186g)Re reaction up to 34MeV, using the stacked-foils method and gamma spectrometry. From this data set, the thick target production yield of (186g)Re is determined and compared with the validated values of the IAEA and also with the proton route. The production cross sections of the (nat)W(d,x)(183,182g,184m,184g,181)Re and (nat)W(d,x)(187)W reactions have also been determined. A good agreement is found with the literature. Our data are compared with the version 1.6 (December 2013) of the TALYS code which shows discrepancies both on the shape and on the amplitude for these deuteron induced reactions.
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Guertin A, Duchemin C, Haddad F, Michel N, Métivier V. Measurements of (186)Re production cross section induced by deuterons on (nat)W target at ARRONAX facility. Nucl Med Biol 2013; 41 Suppl:e16-8. [PMID: 24342655 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2013.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2013] [Revised: 10/29/2013] [Accepted: 11/11/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The ARRONAX cyclotron, acronym for "Accelerator for Research in Radiochemistry and Oncology at Nantes Atlantique" is a new facility installed in Nantes, France. A dedicated program has been launched on production of innovative radioisotopes for PET imaging and for β- and α targeted radiotherapy using protons or α particles. Since the accelerator is also able to deliver deuteron beams up to 35 MeV, we have reconsidered the possibility of using them to produce medical isotopes. Indeed, in some cases, the use of deuterons allows higher production yield than protons. METHODS (186)Re is a β- emitter which has chemical properties close to the widely used (99m)Tc and has been used in clinical trials for palliation of painful bone metastases resulting from prostate and breast cancer. (186)Re production cross section has been measured between 9 and 23 MeV using the ARRONAX deuteron beam and the stacked-foil technique. A novelty in our work is the use of a monitor foil behind each (nat)W target foil in order to record efficiently the deuteron incident flux and energies all over the stack relying on the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) recommended cross section of the (nat)Ti(d,x)(48)V reaction. Since a good optimization process is supposed to find the best compromise between production yield and purity of the final product, isotope of interest and contaminants created during irradiation are measured using gamma spectrometry. RESULTS Our new sets of data are presented and compared with the existing ones and with results given by the TALYS code calculations. The thick target yield (TTY) has been calculated after the fit of our experimental values and compared with the IAEA recommended ones. CONCLUSIONS Presented values are in good agreement with existing data. The deuteron production route is clearly the best choice with a TTY of 7.8 MB/μAh at 30 MeV compared to 2.4 MBq/μAh for proton as projectile at the same energy. The TALYS code gives satisfactory results for (183,186)Re isotopes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arnaud Guertin
- 1 Laboratoire SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3-EMN-Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307 Nantes, France.
| | - Charlotte Duchemin
- 1 Laboratoire SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3-EMN-Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307 Nantes, France
| | - Ferid Haddad
- 1 Laboratoire SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3-EMN-Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307 Nantes, France; GIP Arronax, 1 rue Aronnax, 44817 Saint-Herblain, France
| | | | - Vincent Métivier
- 1 Laboratoire SUBATECH, CNRS/IN2P3-EMN-Université, 4 rue Alfred Kastler, 44307 Nantes, France
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Hussain M, Sudár S, Aslam MN, Malik AA, Ahmad R, Qaim SM. Evaluation of charged particle induced reaction cross section data for production of the important therapeutic radionuclide 186Re. RADIOCHIM ACTA 2010. [DOI: 10.1524/ract.2010.1733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
186Re is an important radionuclide having a half-life of 3.72 d that is suitable for radioimmunotherapy. Its production in no-carrier-added form is done via charged particle induced reactions and the data are available in EXFOR library. We evaluated two charged particle induced reactions, namely 186W(p,n) 186Re and 186W(d,2n) 186Re. In the first case, analysis was done up to about 70 MeV but in the latter only up to about 50 MeV. A statistical procedure supported by nuclear model calculations using the codes STAPRE, EMPIRE and TALYS was used to validate and fit the data. The recommended sets of data derived together with 95% confidence limits are reported. The application of those data, particularly in the calculation of integral yields is discussed. The 186W(p,n) 186Re reaction on highly enriched 186W is presently the method of choice for production of no-carrier-added 186Re and, taking into account the radionuclidic purity, the maximum recommended proton energy is 18 MeV. The formation of the very long-lived isomer, 186mRe, is briefly discussed. The 186W(d,2n) 186Re reaction could also be interesting if a high-intensity accelerator would be available.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - S. Sudár
- University of Debrecen, Institute of Experimental Physics, Debrecen, Ungarn
| | - M. N. Aslam
- Government College University, Department of Physics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - A. A. Malik
- Government College University, Department of Physics, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - R. Ahmad
- Government College University, Department of Physics, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Syed M. Qaim
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Institut für Nuklearchemie, Jülich, Deutschland
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Kaplan A, Büyükuslu H, Aydin A, Tel E, Yıldırım G, Bölükdemir MH. Excitation Functions of Some Neutron Production Targets on (d,2n) Reactions. JOURNAL OF FUSION ENERGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s10894-009-9255-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Alekseev IE, Lazarev VV. Cyclotron production and radiochemical isolation of the therapeutical radionuclide 186Re. RADIOCHEMISTRY 2006. [DOI: 10.1134/s1066362206050171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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