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Zheng Y, Guan C, Wang Z, Yang W, Gao B. Electrocortical correlates of hypersensitivity to large immediate rewards in sensation seeking. Neuroimage 2023; 284:120456. [PMID: 37977409 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2023.120456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Sensation seeking and delay discounting are strong predictors of various risk-taking behaviors. However, the relationship between sensation seeking and delay discounting remains elusive. Here, we addressed this issue by examining how high sensation seekers (HSS; N = 40) and low sensation seekers (LSS; N = 40) evaluated immediate and delayed rewards with low and high amounts during a behavioral task and an EEG task of delay discounting. Although HSS and LSS exhibited comparable discounting preference at the behavioral level, HSS relative to LSS was associated with a greater delay discounting effect at the neural level when earned rewards were large. This abnormality of reward magnitude was further corroborated by an electrocortical hypersensitivity to large immediate rewards and a stronger neural coding of reward magnitude for HSS as compared to LSS. Our findings support both the hyperactive approach theory and the optimal arousal theory in sensation seeking and have implications for the prevention and intervention targeting sensation seeking to reduce maladaptive risk-taking behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya Zheng
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chenlu Guan
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zhao Wang
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Wendeng Yang
- Department of Psychology, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Gao
- Department of Psychology, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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Exploring Self-efficacy for Condom Use in Spanish People: A Trend Analyses by Gender from 2004 to 2020. AIDS Behav 2022; 27:2041-2053. [PMID: 36441411 PMCID: PMC9707195 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-022-03937-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Self-efficacy seems to be one of the most important resources for the different stages underlying condom use and STI prevention. For this reason, this study evaluates trends in self-efficacy by gender, from 2004 to 2008, 2013 and 2020 in Spain. Throughout these years, 6,698 people ranging from 17 to 40 years old, participated filling the Brief scale of condom use self-efficacy. According to our findings, despite the slight improvement in the recent years, self-efficacy still maintains a risky profile for safe sex, especially among the youngest people. Moreover, most of the traditional gender differences continue over the years with women reporting lower scores for condom purchase and men for putting them. However, these differences are not relevant in other dimensions such as using condoms despite drug consumption where women reveal worse results over the years. Therefore, our findings reaffirm the need of intensifying gendered preventive efforts aimed at Spanish people and, particularly, among the youngest.
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Kondur HR, Lee TK, McIntosh R, Gouse H, Paul R, Grov C, Fuchs D, Gómez W, Dilworth SE, Neilands TB, Carrico AW. HIV-related drivers of sexual compulsivity and sexuality in sexual minority men who use methamphetamine. J Neurovirol 2022; 28:446-455. [PMID: 35821194 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-022-01085-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Although co-occurring methamphetamine (meth) use and HIV amplify the risk for neuropsychiatric comorbidities, the underlying neuroimmune mechanisms are not well characterized. We examined whether a detectable viral load and dysregulated metabolism of amino acid precursors for neurotransmitters predicted subsequent levels of sexual compulsivity and sexual sensation seeking. This 15-month longitudinal study enrolled 110 sexual minority men (SMM) living with HIV who had biologically confirmed meth use (i.e., reactive urine or hair toxicology results). Peripheral venous blood samples collected at baseline, 6 months, 12 months, and 15 months were used to measure a detectable viral load (> 40 copies/mL), the kynurenine/tryptophan (K/T) ratio, and the phenylalanine/tyrosine (P/T) ratio. The K/T and P/T ratios index dysregulated serotonin and catecholamine (e.g., dopamine) synthesis, respectively. In a cross-lagged panel model, a detectable viral load at 6 months predicted greater sexual compulsivity at 12 months after adjusting for prior levels of sexual compulsivity and recent stimulant use (β = 0.26, p = 0.046). A greater P/T ratio at baseline predicted decreased sexual sensation seeking at 6 months (β = - 0.25, p = 0.004) after adjusting for baseline sexual sensation seeking and recent stimulant use. Taken together, HIV replication and dysregulated catecholamine synthesis could potentiate sexual compulsivity while decreasing sexual pleasure in SMM who use meth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hema R Kondur
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA
| | - Tae K Lee
- Department of Child Psychology and Education, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Roger McIntosh
- Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL, USA
| | - Hetta Gouse
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Robert Paul
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Christian Grov
- Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy, City University of New York, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Walter Gómez
- Jane Addams College of Social Work, University of Illinois, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Samantha E Dilworth
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Science, San Francisco Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Torsten B Neilands
- School of Medicine, Department of Medicine, Division of Prevention Science, San Francisco Center for AIDS Prevention Studies, University of California, San Francisco, USA
| | - Adam W Carrico
- Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA.
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Johnson MW, Strickland JC, Herrmann ES, Dolan SB, Cox DJ, Berry MS. Sexual discounting: A systematic review of discounting processes and sexual behavior. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2021; 29:711-738. [PMID: 33001694 PMCID: PMC8977071 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Behavioral processes underlying sexual behavior are important for understanding normal human functioning and risk behavior leading to sexually transmitted infections (STIs). This systematic review examines delay and probability discounting in human sexual behavior through synthesis of 50 peer-reviewed, original research articles. Sixteen studies focusing exclusively on monetary delay discounting found small effect size positive correlations with sexual risk behaviors. Eleven studies examined delay or probability discounting of sexual behavior itself using tasks that varied duration, frequency, or quality of sex to determine value. Results show delay and uncertainty of sex causes systematic decreases in value. These studies also show consistent medium effect size relationships between sexual discounting measures and sexual health and substance use, supporting utility above and beyond monetary discounting. Twenty-three studies have modeled clinically relevant decision-making, examining effects of delay until condom availability and STI contraction probability on condom use. Observational and experimental designs found condom-use discounting is elevated in high-risk substance use populations, is sensitive to context (e.g., partner desirability), and is more robustly related to sexual risk compared with monetary discounting or condom use decisions when no delay/uncertainty was involved. Administering cocaine, alcohol, and, for some participants, methamphetamine increased condom-use discounting with minimal effect on monetary discounting or condom use when no delay/uncertainty was involved. Reviewed studies robustly support that sexual behavior is highly dependent on delay and probability discounting, and that these processes strongly contribute to sexual risk. Future research should exploit these systematic relationships to design behavioral and pharmacological approaches to decrease sexual risk behavior. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Justin C. Strickland
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | | | - Sean B. Dolan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - David J. Cox
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, United States
| | - Meredith S. Berry
- Human Behavioral Pharmacology and Decision-Making Laboratory, Department of Health Education and Behavior, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Poeppl TB, Sakreida K, Eickhoff SB. Neural substrates of sexual arousal revisited: Dependent on sex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11204-11205. [PMID: 32371493 PMCID: PMC7260987 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1915927117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Timm B Poeppl
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany;
| | - Katrin Sakreida
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Medical Faculty, RWTH Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Simon B Eickhoff
- Brain & Behaviour (INM-7), Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine, Research Centre Jülich, 52425 Jülich, Germany;
- Institute of Systems Neuroscience, Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany
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Reply to Poeppl et al.: Controlling for false positive rates is critical for accurate and consistent interpretation of findings. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2020; 117:11206. [DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1916336117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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Barkley-Levenson E, Xue F, Droutman V, Miller LC, Smith BJ, Jeong D, Lu ZL, Bechara A, Read SJ. Prefrontal Cortical Activity During the Stroop Task: New Insights into the Why and the Who of Real-World Risky Sexual Behavior. Ann Behav Med 2019; 52:367-379. [PMID: 29684132 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kax019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Research suggests that deficits in both executive functioning and trait impulsivity may play a role in risky sexual behavior. At the neural level, differences in regulation of the prefrontal cortex have been linked to impulsivity, measured neurocognitively and through self-report. The relationship between neurocognitive measures of executive control and trait impulsivity in predicting risky sexual behavior has not been investigated. Purpose To investigate the relationship between neural functioning during the Stroop task and risky sexual behavior, as well as the effect of individual differences in urgent (positive and negative) impulsivity on this relationship. Methods A total of 105 sexually active men who have sex with men completed the Stroop task during functional magnetic resonance imaging scanning. They also completed impulsivity inventories and self-reported their risky sexual behavior (events of condomless anal sex in the last 90 days). Results Risky participants had greater activation than safe participants during the color congruent condition of the Stroop task in anterior cingulate cortex/dorsomedial prefrontal cortex, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, left frontal pole, and right insula. Across these regions, this neural activation mediated the link between (positive and/or negative) urgent impulsivity and risky sexual behavior. Conclusions Findings suggest that the brains of men who engage in risky sexual behavior may employ a different distribution of cognitive resources during tasks of executive functioning than men who practice safe sex, and that this may relate to differences in the prefrontal cortical/fronto-insular system responsible for impulse control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Barkley-Levenson
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York
| | - Feng Xue
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,Department of Radiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Vita Droutman
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Lynn C Miller
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA.,USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Benjamin J Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - David Jeong
- USC Annenberg School for Communication and Journalism, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Zhong-Lin Lu
- Department of Psychology, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio
| | - Antoine Bechara
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stephen J Read
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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