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Janssen E, Bancroft J. The Dual Control Model of Sexual Response: A Scoping Review, 2009-2022. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2023; 60:948-968. [PMID: 37267113 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2023.2219247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Dual Control Model proposes that sexual arousal and related processes are dependent on the balance between sexual excitation and sexual inhibition, and that individuals vary in their propensity for these processes. This scoping review provides an overview and discussion of the questionnaires used to measure the propensities for sexual excitation and inhibition, their translation and validation in other languages, and their application in empirical research on topics ranging from sexual desire and arousal, sexual (dys)function, sexual risk taking, asexuality, hypersexuality, and sexual aggression. A total of 152 papers, published between 2009 and 2022 and identified using online databases, were included in this review. The findings, consistent with those reviewed by Bancroft et al. (2009), suggest that sexual excitation is particularly relevant to sexual desire and responsivity and predictive of asexuality and hypersexuality. Sexual inhibition plays a role in sexual dysfunction. sexual risk taking, and sexual aggression, although often in interaction with sexual excitation. Suggestions for the further development of the model and for future studies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erick Janssen
- Institute for Family and Sexuality Studies, Department of Neurosciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - John Bancroft
- Horspath, Oxfordshire, UK
- The Kinsey Institute, Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, USA
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Yang Y, Qu L, Mu L, Yao J, Su C, Zheng Q, Zheng H, Zhang P, Li Y. Electroacupuncture for psychogenic erectile dysfunction: A resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study exploring the alteration of fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation. Front Hum Neurosci 2023; 17:1116202. [PMID: 37063106 PMCID: PMC10098132 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1116202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/16/2023] [Indexed: 04/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Psychogenic erectile dysfunction (PED) can seriously affect emotional and marital wellbeing. Electroacupuncture (EA) seems an effective method for treating PED. However, the central mechanisms underlying PED and the beneficial effects of EA treatment are unclear. The purpose of this study was to explore the central mechanisms of PED and to examine the impact of EA on erectile function. Methods We recruited 14 PED patients and 14 matched normal controls (NCs). PED patients underwent twice rs-fMRI scans, respectively, pre- and post-treatment. The NCs only completed one rs-fMRI scan. We used the fractional amplitude of low frequency fluctuation (fALFF) to compare spontaneous neural activity between the PED patients and NCs, and to examine the differences between the pre- and post-EA treatment scans in the PED patients. Results Scores on the IIEF5, QEQ, and SEAR improved after EA treatment. Compared with the NCs, PED patients showed increased fALFF in the right posterior cingulate cortex (PCC), right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), right supplementary motor area (SMA), and left middle occipital gyrus. Most of these regions are closely implicated in sexual inhibition. The results of the correlation analysis results indicated that the fALFF of the right PCC was negatively correlated with IIEF5 scores. After treatment, fALFF values were substantially lower in the left triangular part of the inferior frontal gyrus, right DLPFC, right SMA, bilateral PCC and the orbital part of the middle frontal gyrus, and higher in the left middle temporal gyrus and left caudate nucleus. These regions mainly belong to the default mode network (DMN), executive control network and primary sensory motor network. The results of the correlation analysis indicated a positive association between the changes in IIEF5 score and changes in the fALFF value in the right PCC after EA treatment. Conclusion In conclusion, our study highlights that PED patients have abnormal patterns of activity in the right PCC, right DLPFC, and right SMA mainly involved in the DMN, executive central network, and sensory motor network which could lead to a higher levels of sexual inhibition. EA might regulate the process of sexual inhibition to improve erection function in PED patients probably by modulating spontaneous brain activity in the DMN, executive central network, and sensory motor network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Yang
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Liu Qu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Linxuan Mu
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Junpeng Yao
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Chengguo Su
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Qianhua Zheng
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Huabin Zheng
- Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, The Hospital of Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Peihai Zhang
- Department of Urology/Andrology, The Hospital of Chengdu University of Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- Peihai Zhang,
| | - Ying Li
- Acupuncture and Tuina School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
- *Correspondence: Ying Li,
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Panzeri M, Dadomo H, Ronconi L, Fontanesi L. Validation of the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales (SIS/SES) in Italy: Assessing Gender and Age Differences of Sexual Functioning. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2021; 50:2755-2772. [PMID: 34363195 PMCID: PMC8416846 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-021-01972-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
The Sexual Inhibition Scales and Sexual Excitation Scales (Janssen et al., 2002a), based on the dual control model by Bancroft and Janssen (2000), are part of a 45-item self-report questionnaire evaluating individual tendencies to sexual inhibition or excitation according to three factors: two inhibition factors, SIS1, threat of performance failure, and SIS2, threat of performance consequences, and one excitation factor, SES. In this paper, we aimed to validate and explore psychometric properties of the SIS/SES in a sample of 2260 Italian men and women aged 18 to 75 years. Confirmatory factor analyses showed that the three-factor structure proposed in the original version of the scales fit with our sample. Moreover, our data confirmed the results of the original validation sample: Women scored higher on the SIS and lower on the SES than men did, but no significant differences appeared in the factor scores by age group, except for a gender × age interaction, where younger women had higher SIS2 scores. The SIS/SES appeared to be an effective, appropriate cross-cultural measurement of human sexuality in Italian samples, also shedding light on sexual arousal differences in women and men in our country. We also discuss clinical and therapeutic aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Panzeri
- Department of Developmental Psychology and Socialisation, Università Degli Studi di Padova, via Venezia 8, 35131, Padua, Italy.
| | - Harold Dadomo
- Unity of Neuroscience, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Lucia Ronconi
- FISPPA, Università degli studi di Padova, Padua, Italy
| | - Lilybeth Fontanesi
- Department of Psychological, Humanistic and Territorial Sciences, University of Chieti, Chieti, Italy
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Krylova M, Ristow I, Marr V, Borchardt V, Li M, Witzel J, Drumkova K, Harris JA, Zacharias N, Schiltz K, Amelung T, Beier KM, Kruger THC, Ponseti J, Schiffer B, Walter H, Kärgel C, Walter M. MEG reveals preference specific increases of sexual-image-evoked responses in paedophilic sexual offenders and healthy controls. World J Biol Psychiatry 2021; 22:257-270. [PMID: 32623929 DOI: 10.1080/15622975.2020.1789216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Paedophilic disorder is characterised by sexual attraction towards children. Classification of a counterpart as sexually attractive likely occurs rapidly, and involves both conscious and unconscious attentional and cognitive processes. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) is an imaging method especially well-suited to examine visual and attentional processes triggered by sexual images within the range of milliseconds. METHODS We investigated brain responses to sexual images depicting adults (frequent) and children (infrequent stimulus) in seventeen paedophilic patients with a history of child sexual offending (P + CSO) and twenty healthy controls (HC) during a passive visual oddball paradigm. Event-related fields (ERF) were measured to extract the magnetic visual mismatch negativity (vMMNm), and how it relates to the processing of different classes of sexual stimuli. RESULTS P + CSO exhibited significantly longer vMMNm latencies (100-180 ms post-stimulus) than HC. Moreover, P + CSO showed widespread increased amplitudes in response to child images starting from P3a and P3b components and lasting up to 400 ms post-stimulus presentation localised in frontal and temporal brain regions. CONCLUSIONS This study uncovers the first MEG differences in automatic change detection between P + CSO and HC during the presentation of subliminal sexual images of adults and children, contributing towards a better understanding of the neurobiological processes of P + CSO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Krylova
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Inka Ristow
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Vanessa Marr
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Viola Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
| | - Joachim Witzel
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany
| | - Krasimira Drumkova
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany
| | - Joseph A Harris
- Department of Psychology, Bradley University, Peoria, IL, USA
| | - Norman Zacharias
- Clinical Neuroscience Research Group, Experimental and Clinical Research Center (ECRC), Department of Anesthesiology and Operative Intensive Care Medicine (CCM, CVK), Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Section of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Till Amelung
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Klaus M Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tillmann H C Kruger
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jorge Ponseti
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, Medical School, Kiel, Germany
| | - Boris Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christian Kärgel
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany.,Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany.,Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany.,Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto-von-Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany.,Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics, Tübingen, Germany
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Pozza A, Marazziti D, Mucci F, Dèttore D. Propensity to Sexual Response among Adults with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder. Clin Pract Epidemiol Ment Health 2019; 15:126-133. [PMID: 31819761 PMCID: PMC6882137 DOI: 10.2174/1745017901915010126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Background: Propensity to sexual excitation and inhibition is one of the key dimensions of sexuality. Clinicians working with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD) patients rarely assess this and other aspects of sexuality, since treatment targets generally symptom reduction. Literature on sexual functioning in OCD patients is scarce and no study has focused on symptom subtypes, nor investigated the psychological processes related to sexual response. Objective: In the present short report, we describe an exploratory study investigating the association between symptom subtypes and propensity towards sexual excitation/inhibition in OCD patients, controlling for gender, age and antidepressant treatment. Methods: Seventy-two OCD patients (mean age = 34.50 years, 37.50% women) completed the Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory-Revised and the Sexual Inhibition/Sexual Excitation Scales. Results: Patients with more severe compulsive washing habit had a lower propensity towards excitation and a higher one towards inhibition due to threat of performance consequences (i.e., contamination with sexually transmitted diseases/having an unwanted pregnancy). Patients with more severe symptoms of checking showed a higher propensity towards inhibition due to the threat of performance consequences. Gender, age and antidepressant treatment were not related to sexual functioning. Conclusion: Specific OCD symptom subtypes may be associated with some psychological processes involved in sexual response. Sexual well-being should be carefully evaluated by practitioners and should be regarded as a treatment target. Future studies should investigate more comprehensively the processes involved in sexuality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pozza
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
| | - Donatella Marazziti
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Federico Mucci
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Psychiatry, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Davide Dèttore
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Florence, Florence, Italy
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Ristow I, Foell J, Kärgel C, Borchardt V, Li S, Denzel D, Witzel J, Drumkova K, Beier K, Kruger THC, Ponseti J, Schiffer B, Schiltz K, Walter H, Walter M. Expectation of sexual images of adults and children elicits differential dorsal anterior cingulate cortex activation in pedophilic sexual offenders and healthy controls. NEUROIMAGE-CLINICAL 2019; 23:101863. [PMID: 31158692 PMCID: PMC6545409 DOI: 10.1016/j.nicl.2019.101863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Background Pedophilic disorder is characterized by increased sexual interest towards children, with comparatively lesser interest towards adults. In real life, the behavior of subjects with pedophilic disorder is shaped by evaluative processes in response to sexually relevant cues. Therefore, brain activation during anticipation of sexually relevant cues is of potential interest. Whereas previous research demonstrated reduced activation when viewing adult (non-preferred) sexual stimuli in pedophilic sex offenders (PSOs), it is not known if anticipation of preferred versus unpreferred stimuli will elicit differential brain activation. Methods Two fMRI studies (1.5 and 7 Tesla) were conducted in separate samples, each with 26 subjects (13/13 PSOs/controls) to assess brain activity during expectancy of subsequent adult (non-preferred) sexual stimuli. In the second study (7 Tesla) additionally child (preferred) cues were presented. Results As predicted, expectancy of adult sexual stimuli generated smaller dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (dACC) activation in PSOs in both studies, driven by stronger activation during expectancy of adult erotic stimuli in non-pedophilic controls (HCs). In the second study, PSOs showed significantly increased activations in dACC during expectancy of child stimuli compared with expectancy of adult stimuli. This difference was significantly greater compared to the same contrast in HCs, thus demonstrating preference specificity of dACC activation. Conclusion Our findings support the notion of decreased brain activation to adult cues in PSOs and preference specificity in neural response during expectancy of erotic stimuli. The localization of these cue reactivity differences in the salience network supports the interpretation that PSOs show abnormally increased preparatory activation even before relevant sexual stimuli are actually presented. We studied expectancy-related brain activity in pedophilic offenders and controls. Activation during anticipation elicits reactivity differences in salience network. Brain activation during expectancy was stronger compared to picture perception. Effects in dACC of patients and controls were found in 2 fMRI studies (1.5 and 7 T). DACC activation during expectancy revealed preference specificity in both groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inka Ristow
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Jens Foell
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Christian Kärgel
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Viola Borchardt
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Shijia Li
- Key Laboratory of Brain Functional Genomics (MOE&STCSM), Shanghai Changning-ECNU Mental Health Center, School of Psychology and Cognitive Science, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, China
| | - Dominik Denzel
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Joachim Witzel
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany
| | - Krasimira Drumkova
- Forensic Psychiatric State Hospital of Saxony-Anhalt, Stendal-Uchtspringe, Germany
| | - Klaus Beier
- Institute of Sexology and Sexual Medicine, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Tillmann H C Kruger
- Department of Psychiatry, Social Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Section of Clinical Psychology and Sexual Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jorge Ponseti
- Institute of Sexual Medicine and Forensic Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Kiel University, Medical School, Kiel, Germany
| | - Boris Schiffer
- Division of Forensic Psychiatry, LWL-University Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Kolja Schiltz
- Section of Forensic Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Ludwig Maximilian University, Munich, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Henrik Walter
- Division of Mind and Brain Research, Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy CCM, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Univesität zu Berlin and Berlin Institute of Health, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin Walter
- Clinical Affective Neuroimaging Laboratory (CANLAB), Magdeburg, Germany; Leibniz Institute for Neurobiology, Department for Behavioral Neurology, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Otto von Guericke University of Magdeburg, Magdeburg, Germany; Department of Psychiatry, Eberhard Karls University, Tübingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biological Cybernetics Tübingen, Germany.
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